DESCRIPTION COMMENTS

➢ REINFORCEMENT
( IS1786:2008)
➢ PURPOSE
• Concrete is very good in compression but weak in
tension. Various members in structure are always • Steel is one of the best forms of reinforcements, to take care of
subjected to tensile forces, bending forces etc. To tensile stresses and to strengthen concrete to bear all kinds of
take these forces and to transfer them safely to loads.
other members, structural members are always
reinforced with TMT bars bounded together with
GI Binding wire.
• Thermo-mechanical treatment bars (TMT) are very
highly rust and corrosion resistant which makes
them ideally suitable for construction structures in
humid and coastal areas.

TMT Bars

18 Gauge Binding Wire

1
 ➢ A) Stacking of Reinforcement
• Reinforcement bars received at site should be stored on hard
concreted platform on M.S stand and clear above the ground to
avoid corrosion.

➢ B) Checking of Reinforcement
weight Theoretical Vs Actual
• Reinforcement bars received at site should be checked for
Theoretical weight Vs Actual weight as follows.
• Total theoretical Weight of received steel is as follows

• Total Actual weight received as per Weigh bridge challan should

be compared with the total Theoretical weight and if the difference
between Theoretical weight Vs Actual weight is + or - 1% by
weight the same lot shall be rejected.

2
 ➢ C) Testing of Reinforcement
• Physical Tests.

1) Rolling Margin (Site + Lab test)

2) Bend and Re-bend test. (Site + Lab test)
3) Tensile test. (Lab test)

Standard Weight of Steel • Chemical Tests (Lab Test)

1) Carbon
2) Sulphur
3) Phosphorous
4) Sulphur + Phosphorous

• Material received at site should have Indian standard certification

mark or the supplier should be pre-approved from QA
department after verification of physical and chemical properties
as specified in IS 1786. Bars should be marked to identify
categories.
• sample of 1 mt per diameter per supplier for each lot must be
tested at site for rolling margin and bend re-bend test to be
carried out for each diameter of each lot deliver at site.
• Also, one sample of 1mt per diameter per supplier for every 100
Ton must be tested (chemical and physical test) in an external
laboratory.

➢ Following check points should be considered before

accepting the consignment of steel.
• The type of steel
• The grade of steel based on chemical and physical requirement.
• The rolling margin.
• The original steel certificate issued by steel supplier.
• The physical and chemical properties in manufacturer’s
test certificate.
• Bend Re-bend test at site.

3
Physical test:

Rolling margin- (is 1786:2008):

Rolling margin is the difference between the theoretical and actual

weight of the steel.

4
Bend Test

Bend re-bend test-

Purpose of the bend and re-bend test in TMT bars -

The bending test of TMT bars is performed to test the steel ductility
without affecting the steel strength. The re-bend test is used to
measure the effects of strain aging on steel.

Procedure of the bending test -

TMT bars should be bent at the midpoint to 180 degrees, following

which we must check for cracks and fractures opposite to the bent
side (which got the tension). It must be visible with normal or
corrected vision. If there are no issues, the bar has passed the bend
test.

Rebend Test Procedure of the re-bending test -

In the re-bend test, the bar is bent at an angle of 135 degrees it then
rebend to 157.5 degrees and check for rupture or cracks. The TMT
bar shall be deemed to have passed the test if there is no rupture or
crack visible at the bend portion to a person with normal vision.

5
Universal testing machine

Tensile strength test or tension test (lab test)

The tensile test process

Material strength testing, using the tensile or tension test method,

involves applying an ever-increasing load to a test sample up to the
point of failure. The process creates a stress/strain curve showing
how the material reacts throughout the tensile test. The data
generated during tensile testing is used to determine mechanical
properties of materials and provides the following quantitative
measurements:

• Tensile strength, also known as Ultimate Tensile

Strength (UTS), is the maximum tensile stress carried by
the specimen, defined as the maximum load divided by the
original cross-sectional area of the test sample.
• Yield strength is the stress at which time permanent
(plastic) deformation or yielding is observed to begin.
• Ductility measurements are typically elongation, defined
as the strain at, or after, the point of fracture, and reduction
of area after the fracture of the test sample.

6
Chemical test:

1) Carbon
2) Sulphur
3) Phosphorous
4) Sulphur + Phosphorous

The Analysis of steel for various grades shall have maximum

permissible percentage of constituents
As follows.

7
Sample format for Bar bending schedule
Checking of Reinforcement at site during execution
as per drawing.
D) Cutting, Bending & Placing of Steel.
• Bar-bending-schedule is the schedule of reinforcement bars
prepared in advance before cutting and bending of rebars.
• The cutting and bending are as per specification given by
consultant.
• Spacing between bars as per drawing
• The top, bottom and side cover as per drawing.
• The welding of bars if required as per drawing or as per standard
details.
• Dowels shall be provided as per Drawings & Specifications.
• Proper equipment should be available for bending and cutter
machine for cutting steel bars.
• Use of latest revisions of drawings and bar bending schedules
should be done.
• Bent bars of identical size, shape and type must be bundled
together and labeled correctly before placing.
• Steel surface should be free from grease, oil, mud, mold oil,
loose mill scales, excessive rust scales, and loose concrete.
• Binding wires must be bent inwards or loose ends cut so that
they do not come in cover zone or protrude out of concrete.
• Beam-column junctions reinforcement steel bars should be
spaced properly to avoid congestion.
• Enough space between bars should be available to place and
compact concrete
• For long duration of storage, bar must be protected by corrosion
resistant coat.
• Binding wire should be GI-18 gauge. It should be free from rust,
oil, paint, grease or any other deleterious material.