All Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafiqi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR8™ CLASS (UNIT 4) SHORT QUESTIONS Define the following. Pollution: The release of any harmful substance into the environment that affects the living things is called pollution. Pollutants: The substances that cause pollution are called pollutants. Global warming: The term used to describe increase in the average temperature of the atm sphere is global warming Ozone depletion: Ozone depletion in stratospheric ozone over Earth's Polar Regions is r f rred to as the ozone hole Acid Rain: * When sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen gases react with water vapours and oxygen in the air, sulphuric acid and nitric acid are formed. + The rain which is mixed with these acids is called acid rain. The culling down of trees and destruction of forest is called deforestation. When the trees are removed, the soil is exposed directly to the force of rain and is removed. This is called soil erosion. Solid waste management is the generation, separation, collection, transfer, transportation and disposal of waste. + Recycling is one of the most important methods for conserving our natural resources. * To form new things fr m used items is called recycling. What are the causes f air pollution? + Incomplete burning of fuels such as coal, oil, petrol and wood. * Human activities. * Natural Occurrences e.g. Biological Decay, Forest Fires and Volcanic Actions. Why do po er stations and factories have tall chimneys? Tall chimneys emit sulphur dioxide and other pollutant gases such as oxides of nitrogen etc. How does carbon monoxide act on the body? * Carbon monoxide prevents hemoglobin combining with oxygen. * A person may be killed if the level of carbon monoxide reaches 0.1% of the air. List problems in human organ systems caused by air pollutants? + It can cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. * Headaches and nausea can also occur. Visit www.easymcqs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 1 of 5) WWW.EASYMCQS.COMAll Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR8™ CLASS (UNIT 4) * Pollution can cause asthma attacks as well. * Diseases such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and heart diseases appear in people exposed to air pollution How can you reduce air pollution in your local environment? Stop cutting trees and by planting more trees. Proper maintenance of vehicles so that they may not give out smoke. Factories should be far from the residential areas. Less use of equipment giving out CFCs. What are the oxides of nitrogen? Nitrogen Oxide (NO) and Nitrogen Per Oxide (NO2) Whatis greenhouse effect? * A greenhouse is a house made of glass. + It has glass walls and a glass roof. * People grow tomatoes and flowers and other plants in them. * A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during winter. * Sunlight shines in and warms the plants and _irinide. What causes the Earth's greenhouse effect? The Carbon Dioxide and water vapours a t ike the gl ss in a greenhouse. The natural situation in which heat is retained by the layer of greenhouse gases is called the greenhouse effect of earth. Name three greenhouse gases. Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitr us xide What converts ozone i to oxygen? Solar UV breaks down ozo e i to molecular and atomic oxygen. Why is the oz ne layer becoming thinner? What is the imp rtance of ozone layer? * Itis very ifficult to survive on earth without ozone layer. * It filters the Sun's ultra violet (UV) radiation. * UV rays can cause skin cancer, if there is no ozone layer. How is acid rain formed? * When sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen gases react with water vapours and oxygen in the air, sulphuric acid and nitric acid are formed. + The rain which is mixed with these acids is called acid rain. Why do lakes suffer more than rivers from the effects of acid rain? Lakes are stationary while rivers keep on moving. That's why water of lakes suffers more than rivers and gets polluted earlier and causes the damage the aquatic life therein. Visit www.easymcqs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 2 of 5) WWW.EASYMCQS.COMAll Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR 8™" CLASS (UNIT 4) LONG / EXTENSIVE QUESTIONS What are the sources, properties and harmful effects of Sulphur dioxide? Sources: * Burning of Fossil Fuels. * Volcanoes * Biological decay + Forest fires * It is colorless gas. + It has irritating smell. + It is poisonous gas. «It can cause cough, chest pain and shortness of breath + It can cause lungs diseases. + It can even kill human if level reaches upto 0.5%. What condi it do? Conditions of Formation: + Exhaust gases of vehicles. + Incomplete burning of fuel * Chimneys of industries. ions lead to the formation of c rbon monoxide? What harm does Harms: «It ties up hemoglobin in b ood * A person can be Killed if level reaches upto 0.1%. Whatare the s urces, properties and harmful effects of oxides of nitrogen? Sources: * Motor Vehicles. * Thunderstorm + Fertilizers * Volcanoes. + Oceans. * Biological decay. Properti * NOz is dark brown in color having pungent smell. It is highly soluble in water. * NO is colorless having sweet odour. It is slightly soluble in water. * These oxides can cause respiratory diseases. If ozone is inhaled, it can damage lungs tissues. Oxides of nitrogen combine with fog to form smog which can cause asthma, cough and wheezing. Visit www.casymcgs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 3 of 5) WWW.EASYMCQS.COMAll Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafiq111@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR 8™" CLASS (UNIT 4) What are the sources, properties and harmful effects of chlorofluorocarbons? Sources: * Aerosol propellants * Cooling Agents like Refrigerators, Freezers, AC etc. * Foam Packaging * They contain chlorine, fiuorine and carbon. + They are non-toxic and non-reactive. * They are colorless, odourless and lighter than air. * They break down ozone layer and form ozone hole. What are the harmful effects of air pollutants? Short Term Effects: + Irritation of eyes, nose and throat. * Headaches and nausea. * Asthma * Bronchitis, Lungs cancer and heart diseases. * Weakening of Central Nervous System (CNS) * Kidney and Liver damage. What are ways to reduce air pollution in the environment? + Use of public transport instead f crs. * Wise use of energy and fue s. * Plantation of more trees. * Stop cutting of trees. * Recycling of re-use things. + Using filters n chimneys and exhaust system of vehicles. * Using non-fossil fuels in factories. What are the effects of human activities on environment? * Environmental pollution * Modification of habitats. * Greenhouse effect. * Global Warming. * Ozone depletion. * Acid rain. * Wildlife. * Deforestation * Lack of energy resources. Visit www.easymcgs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 4 of 5) WWW.EASYMCQS.COMAll Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR 8™" CLASS (UNIT 4) Whatare the effects of global warming on Earth? * Glaciers are melting rapidly. * Melting of ice in Polar Regions is dangerous for animals living there. * Effect on rainfall pattern. * Biodiversity (Effect on number of organisms in a habitat) * Effect on agriculture and food production. EeoplelHaveleifeeted eeiualdlitelpoyalstion®austity! Human activities destroyed the habitat of animals. * Increased in hunting has increase the species extinction. * Increase in human population results in decrease in wildlife population. * Animals and plants are disappearing 1000 times faster than h y have in past 65 years. In what ways does the recycling of materi conserve the environment? * 20 to 30 percent of solid waste contain materials which can be recycled. + Paper can be processed to produce recycled p per. + Broken glass can be melted and crushed. * Some plastics can also be melted and re-mo ted. * Food wastes can produce useful fertilizers. * Recycling of materials can save energy and conserve the environment. Is help to save energy and What are the ways to conserve energy resources? + Ensure protection of plants and animals. * Ensure the conservation of marine life. * Ensure the conservation of tropical rainforest. * Prevent disruption of ater and carbon cycles. Visit www.easymcas.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 5 of 5) WWW.EASYMCQS.COM