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The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used
or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license.
This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit.
(https://www.openssl.org/) This product includes cryptographic software written/developed by: Eric
Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) and Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
Trademarks
ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Manufactured by/for a Hitachi Power
Grids company. All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Warranty
Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest Hitachi Power Grids representative.
Disclaimer
The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or product
description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties. All persons
responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must satisfy themselves that each
intended application is suitable and acceptable, including that any applicable safety or other
operational requirements are complied with. In particular, any risks in applications where a system
failure and/or product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons (including but not
limited to personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the person or entity applying
the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby requested to ensure that all measures are taken
to exclude or mitigate such risks.
This document has been carefully checked by Hitachi Power Grids but deviations cannot be
completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested to notify the
manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in no event shall Hitachi Power
Grids be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this manual or the
application of the equipment.
Conformity
This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC
Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits
(Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by Hitachi Power
Grids in accordance with the product standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive, and with the
product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive. The product is
designed in accordance with the international standards of the IEC 60255 series.
1MRK 505 389-UEN Rev. F Table of contents
Table of contents
Section 1 Introduction..................................................................................................25
1.1 This manual.........................................................................................................................25
1.1.1 Presumptions for Technical Data.......................................................................................25
1.2 Intended audience...............................................................................................................25
1.3 Product documentation....................................................................................................... 26
1.3.1 Product documentation set................................................................................................26
1.3.2 Document revision history................................................................................................. 27
1.3.3 Related documents........................................................................................................... 27
1.4 Document symbols and conventions...................................................................................28
1.4.1 Symbols.............................................................................................................................28
1.4.2 Document conventions......................................................................................................29
1.5 IEC 61850 edition 1 / edition 2 mapping............................................................................. 31
5.2.1 Identification...................................................................................................................... 53
5.2.2 Function block................................................................................................................... 53
5.2.3 Signals...............................................................................................................................53
5.3 Basic part for LED indication module.................................................................................. 54
5.3.1 Identification...................................................................................................................... 54
5.3.2 Function block................................................................................................................... 54
5.3.3 Signals...............................................................................................................................54
5.3.4 Settings............................................................................................................................. 55
5.4 LCD part for HMI function keys control module ..................................................................55
5.4.1 Identification...................................................................................................................... 55
5.4.2 Function block................................................................................................................... 56
5.4.3 Signals...............................................................................................................................56
5.4.4 Settings............................................................................................................................. 56
5.5 Operation principle.............................................................................................................. 57
5.5.1 Local HMI.......................................................................................................................... 57
5.5.1.1 Keypad......................................................................................................................... 58
5.5.1.2 Display......................................................................................................................... 60
5.5.1.3 LEDs............................................................................................................................ 62
5.5.2 LED configuration alternatives.......................................................................................... 63
5.5.2.1 Functionality ................................................................................................................ 63
5.5.2.2 Status LEDs................................................................................................................. 63
5.5.2.3 Indication LEDs............................................................................................................ 64
5.5.3 Function keys.................................................................................................................... 71
5.5.3.1 Functionality ................................................................................................................ 71
5.5.3.2 Operation principle ...................................................................................................... 71
5.5.3.3 Enabling and Disabling Authority on Function keys..................................................... 72
11.2.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................245
11.2.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 246
11.2.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 246
11.3 Trip matrix logic TMAGAPC.............................................................................................. 250
11.3.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 250
11.3.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 250
11.3.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 251
11.3.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................251
11.3.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 252
11.3.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 253
11.3.7 Technical data................................................................................................................. 254
11.4 Logic for group alarm ALMCALH...................................................................................... 254
11.4.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 254
11.4.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 254
11.4.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 255
11.4.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................255
11.4.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 256
11.4.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 256
11.4.7 Technical data................................................................................................................. 256
11.5 Logic for group warning WRNCALH..................................................................................256
11.5.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 256
11.5.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 256
11.5.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 257
11.5.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................257
11.5.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 258
11.5.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 258
11.5.7 Technical data................................................................................................................. 258
11.6 Logic for group indication INDCALH................................................................................. 258
11.6.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 258
11.6.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 258
11.6.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 259
11.6.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................259
11.6.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 260
11.6.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 260
11.6.7 Technical data................................................................................................................. 260
11.7 Basic configurable logic blocks......................................................................................... 260
11.7.1 AND function block AND................................................................................................. 261
11.7.1.1 Function block............................................................................................................ 261
11.7.1.2 Signals....................................................................................................................... 261
11.7.1.3 Technical data............................................................................................................ 262
11.7.2 Controllable gate function block GATE............................................................................262
11.7.2.1 Function block............................................................................................................ 262
11.7.2.2 Signals....................................................................................................................... 262
11.7.2.3 Settings...................................................................................................................... 262
11.7.2.4 Technical data............................................................................................................ 263
11.7.3 Inverter function block INV.............................................................................................. 263
11.10.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................272
11.10.5 Monitored data................................................................................................................ 273
11.10.6 Settings........................................................................................................................... 273
11.10.7 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 273
11.10.8 Technical data................................................................................................................. 274
11.11 Boolean to integer conversion with logical node representation, 16 bit BTIGAPC............274
11.11.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 274
11.11.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 274
11.11.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 274
11.11.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................275
11.11.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 275
11.11.6 Monitored data................................................................................................................ 275
11.11.7 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 275
11.11.8 Technical data................................................................................................................. 276
11.12 Integer to boolean 16 conversion IB16..............................................................................276
11.12.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 276
11.12.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 276
11.12.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 277
11.12.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................277
11.12.5 Setting parameters ......................................................................................................... 278
11.12.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 278
11.12.7 Technical data................................................................................................................. 279
11.13 Integer to Boolean 16 conversion with logic node representation ITBGAPC.................... 279
11.13.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 279
11.13.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 279
11.13.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 279
11.13.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................280
11.13.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 280
11.13.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 280
11.13.7 Technical data................................................................................................................. 281
11.14 Elapsed time integrator with limit transgression and overflow supervision TEIGAPC.......282
11.14.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 282
11.14.2 Functionality.................................................................................................................... 282
11.14.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 282
11.14.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................283
11.14.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 283
11.14.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 283
11.14.6.1 Operation accuracy.................................................................................................... 284
11.14.6.2 Memory storage......................................................................................................... 285
11.14.7 Technical data................................................................................................................. 285
11.15 Comparator for integer inputs INTCOMP.......................................................................... 285
11.15.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 285
11.15.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 285
11.15.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 285
11.15.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................286
11.15.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 286
11.23.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................295
11.24 Radians to degree angle converter RAD_DEG.................................................................295
11.24.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 295
11.24.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 295
11.24.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 295
11.24.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................296
11.24.5 Monitored data................................................................................................................ 296
11.25 Definable constant for logic function CONST_REAL........................................................ 296
11.25.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 296
11.25.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 296
11.25.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 296
11.25.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................296
11.25.5 Signals.............................................................................................................................297
11.26 Analog input selector for real values REALSEL................................................................ 297
11.26.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 297
11.26.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 297
11.26.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 297
11.26.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................298
11.27 Store value for integer inputs STOREINT......................................................................... 298
11.27.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 298
11.27.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 298
11.27.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 299
11.27.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................299
11.28 Store value for real inputs STOREREAL...........................................................................299
11.28.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 299
11.28.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 299
11.28.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 299
11.28.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................300
11.29 Degree to radians angle converter DEG_RAD..................................................................300
11.29.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 300
11.29.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 300
11.29.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 300
11.29.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................300
11.29.5 Monitored data................................................................................................................ 301
Section 13 Metering......................................................................................................389
13.1 Pulse-counter logic PCFCNT............................................................................................ 389
13.1.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 389
13.1.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 389
13.1.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 389
13.1.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................389
13.1.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 390
13.1.6 Monitored data................................................................................................................ 390
13.1.7 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 390
13.1.8 Technical data................................................................................................................. 392
13.2 Function for energy calculation and demand handling ETPMMTR................................... 392
13.2.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 392
13.2.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 392
13.2.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 393
13.2.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................393
13.2.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 394
13.2.6 Monitored data................................................................................................................ 395
13.2.7 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 395
13.2.8 Technical data................................................................................................................. 398
15.9.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................502
15.9.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 503
15.9.6 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 504
15.10 Activity logging parameters ACTIVLOG............................................................................ 504
15.10.1 Activity logging ACTIVLOG............................................................................................. 504
15.10.2 Settings........................................................................................................................... 504
15.11 IEC61850SIM.................................................................................................................... 505
15.11.1 IEC61850 simulation mode............................................................................................. 505
15.11.1.1 Functionality............................................................................................................... 505
15.11.1.2 Function block............................................................................................................ 505
15.11.1.3 Signals....................................................................................................................... 506
15.11.1.4 Settings...................................................................................................................... 506
15.11.1.5 Monitored Data...........................................................................................................506
Section 16 Security.......................................................................................................507
16.1 Authority check ATHCHCK................................................................................................507
16.1.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 507
16.1.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 507
16.1.3 Operation principle ......................................................................................................... 507
16.1.3.1 Authorization with Central Account Management enabled IED................................. 509
16.2 Authority management AUTHMAN....................................................................................511
16.2.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 511
16.2.2 AUTHMAN.......................................................................................................................511
16.2.3 Settings............................................................................................................................511
16.3 FTP access with password FTPACCS.............................................................................. 512
16.3.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 512
16.3.2 FTP access with TLS, FTPACCS....................................................................................512
16.3.3 Settings........................................................................................................................... 512
16.4 Authority status ATHSTAT................................................................................................. 512
16.4.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 512
16.4.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 512
16.4.3 Function block................................................................................................................. 513
16.4.4 Signals.............................................................................................................................513
16.4.5 Settings........................................................................................................................... 513
16.4.6 Operation principle ......................................................................................................... 513
16.5 Self supervision with internal event list INTERRSIG......................................................... 513
16.5.1 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 513
16.5.2 Function block................................................................................................................. 513
16.5.3 Signals.............................................................................................................................514
16.5.4 Settings........................................................................................................................... 514
16.5.5 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 514
16.5.5.1 Internal signals........................................................................................................... 515
16.5.5.2 Supervision of analog inputs...................................................................................... 517
16.5.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 517
16.6 ChangeLock function CHNGLCK...................................................................................... 517
16.6.1 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 518
17.7.3 Signals.............................................................................................................................542
17.7.4 Operation principle.......................................................................................................... 542
17.8 Signal matrix for analog inputs SMAI................................................................................ 542
17.8.1 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 542
17.8.2 Function block................................................................................................................. 542
17.8.3 Signals.............................................................................................................................543
17.8.4 Settings........................................................................................................................... 544
17.8.5 Operation principle ......................................................................................................... 546
17.8.5.1 Frequency values.......................................................................................................546
17.8.6 SMAI incorrect calculated phase-earth........................................................................... 547
17.9 Summation block 3 phase 3PHSUM................................................................................. 548
17.9.1 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 548
17.9.2 Function block................................................................................................................. 548
17.9.3 Signals.............................................................................................................................548
17.9.4 Settings........................................................................................................................... 548
17.9.5 Operation principle ......................................................................................................... 549
17.10 Primary system values PRIMVAL......................................................................................549
17.10.1 Identification.................................................................................................................... 549
17.10.2 Functionality ................................................................................................................... 549
17.10.3 Settings........................................................................................................................... 549
Section 1 Introduction
1.1 This manual GUID-AB423A30-13C2-46AF-B7FE-A73BB425EB5F v20
The technical manual contains operation principle descriptions, and lists function blocks, logic
diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data, sorted per function. The
manual can be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase, installation and
commissioning phase, and during normal service.
The technical data stated in this document are only valid under the following circumstances:
1. Main current transformers with 1 A or 2 A secondary rating are wired to the IED 1 A rated CT
inputs.
2. Main current transformer with 5 A secondary rating are wired to the IED 5 A rated CT inputs.
3. CT and VT ratios in the IED are set in accordance with the associated main instrument
transformers. Note that for functions which measure an analogue signal which do not have
corresponding primary quantity the 1:1 ratio shall be set for the used analogue inputs on the
IED. Example of such functions are: HZPDIF, ROTIPHIZ and STTIPHIZ.
4. Parameter IBase used by the tested function is set equal to the rated CT primary current.
5. Parameter UBase used by the tested function is set equal to the rated primary phase-to-phase
voltage.
6. Parameter SBase used by the tested function is set equal to:
• √3 × IBase × UBase
7. The rated secondary quantities have the following values:
• Rated secondary phase current Ir is either 1 A or 5 A depending on selected TRM.
• Rated secondary phase-to-phase voltage Ur is within the range from 100 V to 120 V.
• Rated secondary power for three-phase system Sr = √3 × Ur × Ir
8. For operate and reset time testing, the default setting values of the function and BOM module
are used if not explicitly stated otherwise.
All reset times are measured using BOM output contacts if not explicitly stated otherwise. The
operate/reset times are determined by characteristics of the output module used.
9. During testing, signals with rated frequency have been injected if not explicitly stated otherwise.
This manual addresses system engineers and installation and commissioning personnel, who use
technical data during engineering, installation and commissioning, and in normal service.
The system engineer must have a thorough knowledge of protection systems, protection equipment,
protection functions and the configured functional logic in the IEDs. The installation and
commissioning personnel must have a basic knowledge in handling electronic equipment.
Decommissioning
Commissioning
Maintenance
Engineering
Operation
Installing
Engineering manual
Installation manual
Commissioning manual
Operation manual
Application manual
Technical manual
Communication
protocol manual
Cyber security
deployment guideline
IEC07000220-4-en.vsd
IEC07000220 V4 EN-US
The installation manual contains instructions on how to install the IED. The manual provides
procedures for mechanical and electrical installation. The chapters are organized in the chronological
order in which the IED should be installed.
The commissioning manual contains instructions on how to commission the IED. The manual can
also be used by system engineers and maintenance personnel for assistance during the testing
phase. The manual provides procedures for the checking of external circuitry and energizing the IED,
parameter setting and configuration as well as verifying settings by secondary injection. The manual
describes the process of testing an IED in a station which is not in service. The chapters are
organized in the chronological order in which the IED should be commissioned. The relevant
procedures may be followed also during the service and maintenance activities.
The operation manual contains instructions on how to operate the IED once it has been
commissioned. The manual provides instructions for the monitoring, controlling and setting of the
IED. The manual also describes how to identify disturbances and how to view calculated and
measured power grid data to determine the cause of a fault.
The application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per function.
The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function can be
used. The manual can also provide assistance for calculating settings.
The technical manual contains operation principle descriptions, and lists function blocks, logic
diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data, sorted per function. The
manual can be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase, installation and
commissioning phase, and during normal service.
The communication protocol manual describes the communication protocols supported by the IED.
The manual concentrates on the vendor-specific implementations.
The point list manual describes the outlook and properties of the data points specific to the IED. The
manual should be used in conjunction with the corresponding communication protocol manual.
The cyber security deployment guideline describes the process for handling cyber security when
communicating with the IED. Certification, Authorization with role based access control, and product
engineering for cyber security related events are described and sorted by function. The guideline can
be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase, installation and commissioning
phase, and during normal service.
The electrical warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could result in
electrical shock.
The warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could result in personal
injury.
The caution hot surface icon indicates important information or warning about the
temperature of product surfaces.
Class 1 Laser product. Take adequate measures to protect the eyes and do not view
directly with optical instruments.
The caution icon indicates important information or warning related to the concept
discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of a hazard which could result in
corruption of software or damage to equipment or property.
The information icon alerts the reader of important facts and conditions.
The tip icon indicates advice on, for example, how to design your project or how to
use a certain function.
Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, it is necessary to understand that under
certain operational conditions, operation of damaged equipment may result in degraded process
performance leading to personal injury or death. It is important that the user fully complies with all
warning and cautionary notices.
• Abbreviations and acronyms in this manual are spelled out in the glossary. The glossary also
contains definitions of important terms.
• Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is presented by using the push button icons.
For example, to navigate between the options, use and .
• HMI menu paths are presented in bold.
For example, select Main menu/Settings.
• LHMI messages are shown in Courier font.
For example, to save the changes in non-volatile memory, select Yes and press .
• Parameter names are shown in italics.
For example, the function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting.
• Each function block symbol shows the available input/output signal.
• the character ^ in front of an input/output signal name indicates that the signal name may
be customized using the PCM600 software.
• the character * after an input signal name indicates that the signal must be connected to
another function block in the application configuration to achieve a valid application
configuration.
• Dimensions are provided both in inches and millimeters. If it is not specifically mentioned then
the dimension is in millimeters.
• Logic diagrams describe the signal logic of the function block and are bordered by dashed lines.
In a logic diagram, input and output signal paths are shown as lines that touch the outer border
of the diagram. Input signals are always on the left-hand side and output signals are on the
right-hand side.
Input and output signals can be configured using PCM600. They can be connected to the inputs
and outputs of other functions and to binary inputs and outputs. Examples of input signals are
BLKTR, BLOCK, and VTSZ. Examples of output signals are TRIP, START, STL1, STL2, and
STL3.
• Frames with a shaded area on the right-hand side represent setting parameters. These
parameters can only be set via the PST or LHMI. Their values are high (1) only when the
corresponding setting parameter is set to the symbolic value specified within the frame.
Example is the signal Timer tPP=On. Their logical values correspond automatically to the
selected setting value.
• Internal signals are illustrated graphically and end approximately 2 mm from the frame
edge. If an internal signal path cannot be drawn with a continuous line, the same signal
name is used where the signal should continue, see figure 2 and figure 3. Example of the
internal signal is BLK.
• Signal paths that extend beyond the logic diagram and continue in another diagram will be
approximately 2 mm from the frame edge, see figure 3 and figure 4. Examples are
STNDL1N, STNDL2N, STNDL3N, STNDL1L2, STNDL2L3, and STNDL3L1.
STZMPP
OR
STCND
AND STNDL1L2
L1L2
STNDL2L3
L2L3 AND
AND STNDL1N
L1N
AND STNDL2N
L2N
STNDL3N
L3N AND
OR STPE
OR
VTSZ STND
OR AND
BLOCK
BLOCFUNC BLK
99000557-2.vsd
IEC99000557-TIFF V3 EN-US
IEC00000488-TIFF V1 EN-US
Timer tPP=On
STZMPP AND tPP
AND
t
BLOCFUNC
OR OR
tPE
t
AND
Timer tPE=On AND
STZMPE 15ms
BLKTR AND t
TRIP
BLK OR
IEC09000887-3-en.vsdx
IEC09000887 V3 EN-US
Illustrations are used as an example and might show other products than the one the
manual describes. The example that is illustrated is still valid.
Function block names are used in ACT and PST to identify functions. Respective function block
names of Edition 1 logical nodes and Edition 2 logical nodes are shown in the table below.
The following tables list all the functions available in the IED. Those functions that
are not exposed to the user or do not need to be configured are not described in this
manual.
Voltage protection
Table continues on next page
1) 67 requires voltage
2) 67N requires voltage
Analog input channels must be configured and set properly in order to get correct measurement
results and correct protection operations. For power measuring, all directional and differential
functions, the directions of the input currents must be defined in order to reflect the way the current
transformers are installed/connected in the field ( primary and secondary connections ). Measuring
and protection algorithms in the IED use primary system quantities. Setting values are in primary
quantities as well and it is important to set the data about the connected current and voltage
transformers properly.
An AISVBAS reference PhaseAngleRef can be defined to facilitate service values reading. This
analog channel's phase angle will always be fixed to zero degrees and remaining analog channel's
phase angle information will be shown in relation to this analog input. During testing and
commissioning of the IED, the reference channel can be changed to facilitate testing and service
values reading.
The IED has the ability to receive analog values from primary equipment, that are
sampled by Merging units (MU) connected to a process bus, via the IEC 61850-9-2
LE protocol.
The hardware channels appear in the signal matrix tool (SMT) and in ACT when a
TRM is included in the configuration with the hardware configuration tool. In the SMT
or the ACT, they can be mapped to the desired virtual input (SMAI) of the IED and
used internally in the configuration.
3.3 Signals
PID-3923-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3924-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-6598-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
3.4 Settings
SEMOD129840-4 v2
Dependent on ordered IED type.
PID-4153-SETTINGS v8
GUID-72A8BEE0-2430-4C94-A1E0-9B6A0D149FE2 v2
All the visible parameter selections are not supported by the 650-series IED.
PID-3923-SETTINGS v7
PID-3924-SETTINGS v7
PID-6598-SETTINGS v6
PID-3923-MONITOREDDATA v6
PID-3924-MONITOREDDATA v6
PID-6598-MONITOREDDATA v6
The direction of a measured current depends on the connection of the CT. The main CTs are typically
star connected and can be connected with the star point towards the object or away from the object.
This information must be set in the IED.
Once the CT direction settings is correctly entered the internal IED convention of the directionality is
defined as follows:
• Positive value of current or power means that the quantity has the direction into the protected
object.
• Negative value of current or power means that the quantity has the direction out from the
protected object.
For directional functions the directional conventions are defined as follows (see Figure 5)
en05000456.vsd
IEC05000456 V1 EN-US
The settings of the IED is performed in primary values. The ratios of the main CTs and VTs are,
therefore, basic data for the IED. The user has to set the rated secondary and primary currents and
voltages of the CTs and VTs to provide the IED with their rated ratios.
The CT and VT ratio and the name on respective channel is done under IED Configuration /HW
Configuration /ADM in the Parameter Settings Tool or under Main menu /Configuration /Analog
modules in the HMI.
M16988-1 v11
Table 17: TRM - Energizing quantities, rated values and limits for protection transformer
Description Value
Frequency
Rated frequency fr 50/60 Hz
Current inputs
Rated current Ir 1 or 5 A
SEMOD53376-2 v6
The debounce filter eliminates bounces and short disturbances on a binary input.
A time counter is used for filtering. The time counter is increased once in a millisecond when a binary
input is high, or decreased when a binary input is low. A new debounced binary input signal is
forwarded when the time counter reaches the set DebounceTime value and the debounced input
value is high or when the time counter reaches 0 and the debounced input value is low. The default
setting of DebounceTime is 1 ms.
The binary input ON-event gets the time stamp of the first rising edge, after which the counter does
not reach 0 again. The same happens when the signal goes down to 0 again.
Binary input wiring can be very long in substations and there are electromagnetic fields from for
example nearby breakers. An oscillation filter is used to reduce the disturbance from the system
when a binary input starts oscillating.
An oscillation counter counts the debounced signal state changes during 1 s. If the counter value is
greater than the set value OscBlock, the input signal is blocked. The input signal is ignored until the
oscillation counter value during 1 s is below the set value OscRelease.
4.1.3 Settings
GUID-07348953-4A72-444B-A31A-030ABEA8E0C4 v1
OscBlock must always be set to a value greater than OscRelease. If this is not done,
oscillation detection will not function correctly, and the resulting behaviour will be
undefined.
5.1.1 Identification
GUID-84392EFF-4D3F-4A67-A6ED-34C6E98574D6 v1
5.1.2 Settings
5.2.1 Identification
GUID-03AB7AEE-87D3-4F3C-B6B9-B1EB1B538E38 v1
LHMICTRL
CLRLEDS HMI-ON
RED-S
YELLOW-S
YELLOW-F
CLRPULSE
LEDSCLRD
IEC09000320-1-en.vsd
IEC09000320 V1 EN-US
5.2.3 Signals
PID-3992-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3992-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
5.3.1 Identification
GUID-6E36C0BC-F284-4C88-A4A8-9535D3BE8B14 v2
GRP2_LED1 -
GRP2_LED15
GRP3_LED1 -
GRP3_LED15
LEDGEN
BLOCK NEWIND
RESET ACK
IEC09000321-1-en.vsd
IEC09000321 V1 EN-US
GRP1_LED1
^HM1L01R
^HM1L01Y
^HM1L01G
IEC09000322 V1 EN-US
5.3.3 Signals
PID-4114-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-4114-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-1697-INPUTSIGNALS v18
5.3.4 Settings
PID-4114-SETTINGS v6
PID-1697-SETTINGS v18
5.4 LCD part for HMI function keys control module GUID-EECAE7FA-7078-472C-A429-F7607DB884EB v2
5.4.1 Identification
GUID-E6611022-5EA3-420D-ADCD-9D1E7604EFEB v1
FNKEYMD1
ENABLE ^FKEYOUT1
^LEDCTL1
IEC09000327 V2 EN-US
5.4.3 Signals
PID-7424-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7424-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
5.4.4 Settings
PID-7424-SETTINGS v1
PID-7606-SETTINGS v1
GUID-BCE87D54-C836-40EE-8DA7-779B767059AB v2
For setting ReqAuthority, when users are configured through local or central account
management, the default behavior of the function keys are to only operate if a user is
logged in, and the user have the required rights. This authentication check can be
configured to be bypassed per function key by changing the ReqAuthority from ON
to OFF. To be able to change this, the user changing it have to have the Security
advanced right.
MenuShortcut values are product dependent and created dynamically depending on the product
main menu.
IEC13000239-3-en.vsd
IEC13000239 V3 EN-US
• Keypad
• Display (LCD)
• LED indicators
• Communication port for PCM600
The LHMI keypad contains push-buttons which are used to navigate in different views or menus. The
push-buttons are also used to acknowledge alarms, reset indications, provide help and switch
between local and remote control mode.
The keypad also contains programmable push-buttons that can be configured either as menu
shortcut or control buttons.
24
1
23
2
18
3
19
4
6 20
21
7 22
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
IEC15000157-2-en.vsd
IEC15000157 V2 EN-US
Figure 11: LHMI keypad with object control, navigation and command push-buttons and
RJ-45 communication port
22 Communication port
23 Programmable indication LEDs
24 IED status LEDs
The LHMI includes a graphical monochrome liquid crystal display (LCD) with a resolution of 320 x
240 pixels. The character size can vary. The amount of characters and rows fitting the view depends
on the character size and the view that is shown.
IEC15000270-1-en.vsdx
IEC15000270 V1 EN-US
1 Path
2 Content
3 Status
4 Scroll bar (appears when needed)
• The path shows the current location in the menu structure. If the path is too long to be shown, it
is truncated from the beginning, and the truncation is indicated with three dots.
• The content area shows the menu content.
• The status area shows the current IED time, the user that is currently logged in and the object
identification string which is settable via the LHMI or with PCM600.
• If text, pictures or other items do not fit in the display, a vertical scroll bar appears on the right.
The text in content area is truncated from the beginning if it does not fit in the display
horizontally. Truncation is indicated with three dots.
IEC15000138-1-en.vsdx
IEC15000138 V1 EN-US
The function key button panel shows on request what actions are possible with the function buttons.
Each function button has a LED indication that can be used as a feedback signal for the function
button control action. The LED is connected to the required signal with PCM600.
IEC13000281-1-en.vsd
GUID-C98D972D-D1D8-4734-B419-161DBC0DC97B V1 EN-US
IEC13000240-1-en.vsd
GUID-5157100F-E8C0-4FAB-B979-FD4A971475E3 V1 EN-US
The LHMI includes three status LEDs above the display: Ready, Start and Trip.
There are 15 programmable indication LEDs on the front of the LHMI. Each LED can indicate three
states with the colors: green, yellow and red. The texts related to each three-color LED are divided
into three panels.
There are 3 separate panels of LEDs available. The 15 physical three-color LEDs in one LED group
can indicate 45 different signals. Altogether, 135 signals can be indicated since there are three LED
groups. The LEDs are lit according to priority, with red being the highest and green the lowest priority.
For example, if on one panel there is an indication that requires the green LED to be lit, and on
another panel there is an indication that requires the red LED to be lit, the red LED takes priority and
is lit. The LEDs can be configured with PCM600 and the operation mode can be selected with the
LHMI or PCM600.
Information panels for the indication LEDs are shown by pressing the Multipage button. Pressing that
button cycles through the three pages. A lit or un-acknowledged LED is indicated with a highlight.
Such lines can be selected by using the Up/Down arrow buttons. Pressing the Enter key shows
details about the selected LED. Pressing the ESC button exits from information pop-ups as well as
from the LED panel as such.
The Multipage button has a LED. This LED is lit whenever any LED on any panel is lit. If there are
un-acknowledged indication LEDs, then the Multipage LED blinks. To acknowledge LEDs, press the
Clear button to enter the Reset menu (refer to description of this menu for details).
There are two additional LEDs which are next to the control buttons and . These LEDs can
indicate the status of two arbitrary binary signals by configuring the OPENCLOSE_LED function
block. For instance, OPENCLOSE_LED can be connected to a circuit breaker to indicate the breaker
open/close status on the LEDs.
IEC16000076-1-en.vsd
IEC16000076 V1 EN-US
The function blocks LEDGEN and GRP1_LEDx, GRP2_LEDx and GRP3_LEDx (x=1-15) controls
and supplies information about the status of the indication LEDs. The input and output signals of the
function blocks are configured with PCM600. The input signal for each LED is selected individually
using SMT or ACT. Each LED is controlled by the GRPn_LEDx (n=1-3) function block that controls
the color and the operating mode.
Each indication LED on local HMI can be set individually to operate in 6 different sequences; two as
follow type and four as latch type. Two of the latching sequence types are intended to be used as a
protection indication system, either in collecting or restarting mode, with reset functionality. The other
two are intended to be used as signalling system in collecting mode with acknowledgment
functionality.
There are three status LEDs above the LCD in front of the IED: green, yellow and red.
The green LED has a fixed function that presents the healthy status of the IED. The yellow and red
LEDs are user configured. The yellow LED can be used to indicate that a disturbance report is
triggered (steady) or that the IED is in test mode (flashing). The red LED can be used to indicate a
trip command.
• Green LED: unlit > no power; blinking > startup or abnormal situation (IED is not in service);
steady > IED is in service
• Yellow LED: unlit > no attention required; blinking > IED is in Testmode (IED is not in normal
service); steady > at least one of the signals configured to turn the yellow LED on has been
active
• Red LED: unlit > no attention required; blinking > user performs a common write from PCM600;
steady > at least one of the signals configured to turn the red LED on has been active
The yellow and red status LEDs are configured in the disturbance recorder function, DRPRDRE, by
connecting a start or trip signal from the actual function to a BxRBDR binary input function block
using the PCM600, and configuring the setting to Off, Start or Trip for that particular signal.
Collecting mode
• LEDs that are used in the collecting mode of operation are accumulated continuously until the
unit is acknowledged manually. This mode is suitable when the LEDs are used as a simplified
alarm system. When all three inputs (red, yellow and green) are connected to different sources
of events for the same function block, collecting mode shows the highest priority LED color that
was activated since the latest acknowledgment was made. If a number of different indications
were made since the latest acknowledgment, it is not possible to get a clear view of what
triggered the latest event without looking at the sequence of events list. A condition for getting
the sequence of events is that the signals have been engineered in the disturbance recorder.
Re-starting mode
• In the re-starting mode of operation each new start resets all previous active LEDs and activates
only those which appear during one disturbance. Only LEDs defined for re-starting mode with
the latched sequence type 6 (LatchedReset-S) will initiate a reset and a restart at a new
disturbance. A disturbance is defined to end a settable time after the reset of the activated input
signals or when the maximum time limit has elapsed. In sequence 6, the restarting or reset
mode means that upon occurrence of any new event, all previous indications will be reset. This
facilitates that only the LED indications related to the latest event is shown.
Acknowledgment/reset GUID-E6727E8F-C28B-4295-AE21-BC5643363805 v3
• Automatic reset
• The automatic reset can only be performed for LED indications defined for re-starting
mode with the latched sequence type 6 (LatchedReset-S). When the automatic reset of
the LEDs has been performed, still persisting indications will be indicated with a steady
light.
The figures below show the function of available sequences selectable for each LED separately. The
following 6 sequences are available:
• Sequence 1: Follow-S
• Sequence 2: Follow-F
• Sequence 3: LatchedAck-F-S
• Sequence 4: LatchedAck-S-F
• Sequence 5: LatchedColl-S
• Sequence 6: LatchedReset-S
For sequence 1 and 2, which are of the Follow type, the acknowledgment (Ack ) /reset function is not
applicable because the indication shown by the LED follows its input signal. Sequence 3 and 4,
which are of the Latched type with acknowledgement, are only working in collecting (Coll) mode.
Sequence 5 is working according to Latched type and collecting mode while Sequence 6 is working
according to Latched type and re-starting (Reset) mode. The letters S and F in the sequence names
have the meaning S = Steady and F = Flash.
At the activation of the input signal to any LED, the indication on the corresponding LED obtains a
color that corresponds to the activated input, and operates according to the selected sequence
diagrams shown below.
In the sequence diagrams the different statuses of the LEDs are shown using the following symbols:
Activating
signal
LED
IEC01000228_2_en.vsd
IEC01000228 V2 EN-US
Activating
signal GREEN
Activating
signal RED
LED G G R G
IEC09000312_1_en.vsd
IEC09000312 V1 EN-US
Activating
signal
LED
Acknow.
en01000231.vsd
IEC01000231 V1 EN-US
The sequence described below is valid only if the same function block is used for all
three colour LEDs.
When an acknowledgment is performed, all indications that appear before the indication with higher
priority has been reset, will be acknowledged, independent of if the low priority indication appeared
before or after acknowledgment. In figure 21 it is shown the sequence when a signal of lower priority
becomes activated after acknowledgment has been performed on a higher priority signal. The low
priority signal will be shown as acknowledged when the high priority signal resets.
Activating
signal GREEN
Activating
signal RED
R R G
LED
Acknow
IEC09000313_1_en.vsd
IEC09000313 V1 EN-US
Activating
signal GREEN
Activating
signal YELLOW
Activating
signal RED
LED G Y R R Y
Acknow.
IEC09000314-1-en.vsd
IEC09000314 V1 EN-US
Activating
signal GREEN
Activating
signal YELLOW
Activating
signal RED
LED G G R R Y
Acknow.
IEC09000315-1-en.vsd
IEC09000315 V1 EN-US
Activating
signal
LED
Reset
IEC01000235_2_en.vsd
IEC01000235 V2 EN-US
Activating
signal GREEN
Activating
signal RED
R G
LED
Reset
IEC09000316_1_en.vsd
IEC09000316 V1 EN-US
Disturbance
tRestart
Activating
signal 1
Activating
signal 2
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000239_2-en.vsd
IEC01000239 V2 EN-US
Figure 26: Operating sequence 6 (LatchedReset-S), two indications within same disturbance
Figure 27 shows the timing diagram for a new indication after tRestart time has elapsed.
Disturbance Disturbance
tRestart tRestart
Activating
signal 1
Activating
signal 2
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000240_2_en.vsd
IEC01000240 V2 EN-US
Disturbance
tRestart
Activating
signal 1
Activating
signal 2
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000241_2_en.vsd
IEC01000241 V2 EN-US
Figure 28: Operating sequence 6 (LatchedReset-S), two indications within same disturbance
but with reset of activating signal between
Figure 29 shows the timing diagram for manual reset.
Disturbance
tRestart
Activating
signal 1
Activating
signal 2
LED 1
LED 2
Automatic
reset
Manual
reset
IEC01000242_2_en.vsd
IEC01000242 V2 EN-US
Local Human-Machine-Interface (LHMI) has five function buttons, directly to the left of the LCD, that
can be configured either as menu shortcut or control buttons. Each button has an indication LED that
can be configured in the application configuration.
When used as a menu shortcut, a function button provides a fast way to navigate between default
nodes in the menu tree. When used as a control, the button can control a binary signal.
Each output on the FNKEYMD1 - FNKEYMD5 function blocks can be controlled from the LHMI
function keys. By pressing a function button on the LHMI, the output status of the actual function
block will change. These binary outputs can in turn be used to control other function blocks, for
example, switch control blocks, binary I/O outputs etc.
FNKEYMD1 - FNKEYMD5 function block also has a number of settings and parameters that control
the behavior of the function block. These settings and parameters are normally set using the PST.
Setting OFF
Input value
Output value
IEC09000330-2-en.vsd
IEC09000330 V2 EN-US
In this mode the output toggles each time the function key has been pressed for more than 500ms.
Note that the input attribute is reset each time the function block executes. The function block
execution is marked with a dotted line below.
Input value
500ms 500ms 500ms
Output value
IEC09000331_1_en.vsd
IEC09000331 V2 EN-US
In this mode the output sets high (1) when the function key has been pressed for more than 500ms
and remains high according to set pulse time. After this time the output will go back to 0. The input
attribute is reset when the function block detects it being high and there is no output pulse.
Note that the third positive edge on the input attribute does not cause a pulse, since the edge was
applied during pulse output. A new pulse can only begin when the output is zero; else the trigger
edge is lost.
Input value
500ms 500ms 500ms 500ms
IEC09000332_2_en.vsd
IEC09000332 V2 EN-US
When users are configured through local or central account management, the default behavior of the
function keys are to only operate if a user is logged in, and the user have the required rights. This
authentication check can be configured to be bypassed per function key by changing the
ReqAuthority from ON to OFF. To be able to change this, the user changing it have to have the
Security advanced right.
Authority can be disabled using parameter Authority. Each function key has the parameter Authority,
which can be enabled or disabled using LHMI or PCM 600. User must have Security Advanced rights
to configure the Authority parameter of the function key.
SYMBOL-CC V2 EN-US
High impedance differential protection, single phase (HZPDIF) functions can be used when the
involved CT cores have the same turns ratio and similar magnetizing characteristics. It utilizes an
external CT secondary current summation by wiring. Actually all CT secondary circuits which are
involved in the differential scheme are connected in parallel. External series resistor, and a voltage
dependent resistor which are both mounted externally to the IED, are also required.
The external resistor unit shall be ordered under IED accessories in the Product Guide.
HZPDIF
ISI* TRIP
BLOCK ALARM
BLKTR MEASVOLT
IEC05000363-2-en.vsd
IEC05000363 V2 EN-US
PID-6990-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6990-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6990-SETTINGS v1
M13075-3 v11
High impedance protection system is a simple technique which requires that all CTs, used in the
protection scheme, have relatively high knee point voltage, similar magnetizing characteristic and the
same ratio. These CTs are installed in all ends of the protected object. In order to make a scheme all
CT secondary circuits belonging to one phase are connected in parallel. From the CT junction points
a measuring branch is connected. The measuring branch is a series connection of one variable
setting resistor (or series resistor) RS with high ohmic value and an over-current element. Thus, the
high impedance differential protection responds to the current flowing through the measuring branch.
However, this current is result of a differential voltage caused by this parallel CT connection across
the measuring branch. Non-linear resistor (that is, metrosil) is used in order to protect entire scheme
from high peak voltages which may appear during internal faults. Typical high impedance differential
scheme is shown in Figure 34. Note that only one phase is shown in this figure.
RS
3 U
I
1
I> (50) 5
2
GUID-5CEAF088-D92B-45E5-B98F-3083894A694C V1 EN-US
1. shows one main CT secondary winding connected in parallel with all other CTs, from the same
phase, connected to this scheme.
2. shows the scheme earthing point.
It is of utmost importance to insure that only one earthing point exists in such
protection scheme.
3. shows the setting (stabilizing) resistor RS.
4. shows the over-current measuring element.
Due to the parallel CT connections the high impedance differential relay can only measure one
current and that is the relay operating quantity. That means that there is no any stabilizing quantity
(that is, bias) in high-impedance differential protection schemes. Therefore in order to guaranty the
stability of the differential relay during external faults the operating quantity must not exceed the set
pickup value. Thus, for external faults, even with severe saturation of some of the current
transformers, the voltage across the measuring branch shall not rise above the relay set pickup
value. To achieve that a suitable value for setting resistor RS is selected in such a way that the
saturated CT secondary winding provides a much lower impedance path for the false differential
current than the measuring branch. In case of an external fault causing current transformer
saturation, the non-saturated current transformers drive most of the spill differential current through
the secondary winding of the saturated current transformer and not through the measuring brunch of
the relay. The voltage drop across the saturated current transformer secondary winding appears also
across the measuring brunch, however it will typically be relatively small. Therefore, the pick-up value
of the relay has to be set above this false operating voltage.
See the application manual for operating voltage and sensitivity calculation.
The logic diagram shows the operation principles for the 1Ph High impedance differential protection
function HZPDIF, see Figure 35.
The function utilizes the raw samples from the single phase current input connected to it. Thus the
twenty samples per fundamental power system cycle are available to the HZPDIF function. These
current samples are first multiplied with the set value for the used stabilizing resistor in order to get
voltage waveform across the measuring branch. The voltage waveform is then filtered in order to get
its RMS value. Note that used filtering is designed in such a way that it ensures complete removal of
the DC current component which may be present in the primary fault current. The voltage RMS value
is then compared with set Alarm and Trip thresholds. Note that the TRIP signal is intentionally
delayed on drop off for 30 ms within the function. The measured RMS voltage is available as a
service value from the function. The function has block and trip block inputs available as well.
IEC05000301 V1 EN-US
Figure 35: Logic diagram for 1Ph High impedance differential protection HZPDIF
M13081-1 v13
1) The value U2Trip/ R should always be lower than Stabilizing resistor thermal rating to allow continuous activation
during testing. If this value is exceeded, testing should be done with a transient faults. Typical value for the thermal
rating of the resistor is 100W.
7.1.2 Identification
M14885-1 v6
TOC-REVA V2 EN-US
Directional phase overcurrent protection, four steps (OC4PTOC) has an inverse or definite time delay
for each step.
All IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristics are available together with an optional user defined
time characteristic.
The directional function needs voltage as it is voltage polarized with memory. The function can be set
to be directional or non-directional independently for each of the steps.
A second harmonic blocking level can be set for the function and can be used to block each step
individually.
OC4PTOC
I3P* TRIP
U3P* TR1
BLOCK TR2
BLKTR TR3
BLKST1 TR4
BLKST2 TRL1
BLKST3 TRL2
BLKST4 TRL3
ENMULT1 TR1L1
ENMULT2 TR1L2
ENMULT3 TR1L3
ENMULT4 TR2L1
TR2L2
TR2L3
TR3L1
TR3L2
TR3L3
TR4L1
TR4L2
TR4L3
START
ST1
ST2
ST3
ST4
STL1
STL2
STL3
ST1L1
ST1L2
ST1L3
ST2L1
ST2L2
ST2L3
ST3L1
ST3L2
ST3L3
ST4L1
ST4L2
ST4L3
ST2NDHRM
DIRL1
DIRL2
DIRL3
STDI RCND
IEC06000187-4-en.vsdx
IEC06000187 V4 EN-US
7.1.5 Signals
PID-7873-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7873-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
7.1.6 Settings
PID-7873-SETTINGS v1
Directional phase overcurrent protection, four steps OC4PTOC is divided into four different sub-
functions. For each step x , where x is step 1, 2, 3 and 4, an operation mode is set by DirModex: Off/
Non-directional/Forward/Reverse.
If VT inputs are not available or not connected, setting parameter DirModex shall be
left to default value, Non-directional.
4 step overcurrent
Direction dirPh1Flt element faultState
faultState
Element One element for each
dirPh2Flt step
I3P dirPh3Flt START
U3P
TRIP
Harmonic harmRestrBlock
Restraint
Element
enableDir
Mode Selection
enableStep1-4
DirectionalMode1-4
IEC05000740-3-en.vsdx
IEC05000740 V3 EN-US
Using a parameter setting MeasType within the general settings for the function OC4PTOC, it is
possible to select the type of the measurement used for all overcurrent stages. Either discrete
Fourier filter (DFT) or true RMS filter (RMS) can be selected.
If the DFT option is selected, only the RMS value of the fundamental frequency component of each
phase current is derived. The influence of the DC current component and higher harmonic current
components are almost completely suppressed. If the RMS option is selected, then the true RMS
value is used. The true RMS value includes the contribution from the current DC component as well
as from the higher current harmonic in addition to the fundamental frequency component.
In a comparator, the DFT or RMS values are compared to the set operation current value of the
function (I1>, I2>, I3> or I4>) for each phase current. If a phase current is larger than the set
operation current, outputs START, STx, STL1, STL2 and STL3 are activated without delay. Output
signals STL1, STL2 and STL3 are common for all steps. This means that the lowest set step will
initiate the activation. The START signal is common for all three phases and all steps. It shall be
noted that the selection of measured value (DFT or RMS) do not influence the operation of
directional part of OC4PTOC.
Service values for individually measured phase currents are available on the local HMI for OC4PTOC
function, which simplifies testing, commissioning and in service operational checking of the function.
A harmonic restrain of the function can be chosen. A set 2nd harmonic current in relation to the
fundamental current is used.
The function can be directional. The direction of a fault is given as the current angle in relation to the
voltage angle. The fault current and fault voltage for the directional function are dependent on the
fault type. The selection of the measured value (DFT or RMS) does not influence the operation of the
directional part of OC4PTOC. To enable directional measurement at close-in faults, causing a low
measured voltage, the polarization voltage is a combination of the apparent voltage (85%) and a
memory voltage (15%). The following combinations are used.
U refL1L 2 = U L1 - U L 2 I dirL1L 2 = I L1 - I L 2
EQUATION1449 V1 EN-US (Equation 1)
U refL 2 L 3 = U L 2 - U L 3 I dirL 2 L 3 = I L 2 - I L 3
EQUATION1450 V1 EN-US (Equation 2)
U refL 3 L1 = U L 3 - U L1 I dirL 3 L1 = I L 3 - I L1
EQUATION1451 V1 EN-US (Equation 3)
U refL1 = U L1 I dirL1 = I L1
EQUATION1452 V1 EN-US (Equation 4)
U refL 2 = U L 2 I dirL 2 = I L 2
EQUATION1453 V1 EN-US (Equation 5)
U refL 3 = U L 3 I dirL 3 = I L 3
EQUATION1454 V1 EN-US (Equation 6)
The polarizing voltage is available as long as the positive-sequence voltage exceeds 5% of the set
base voltage UBase. So the directional element can be used for all unsymmetrical faults including
close-in faults.
For close-in three-phase faults, the U1L1M memory voltage, based on the same positive sequence
voltage, ensures correct directional discrimination.
The memory voltage is used for 100 ms or until the positive sequence voltage is restored.
• If the current is still above the set value of the minimum operating current (7% of the set terminal
rated current IBase), the condition seals in.
• If the fault has caused tripping, the trip endures.
• If the fault was detected in the reverse direction, the measuring element in the reverse
direction remains in operation.
• If the current decreases below the minimum operating value, the memory resets until the
positive sequence voltage exceeds 10% of its rated value.
The directional setting is given as a characteristic angle AngleRCA for the function and an angle
window ROADir.
Reverse
Uref
RCA
ROA
ROA Forward
Idir
en05000745.vsd
IEC05000745 V1 EN-US
A minimum current for the directional phase start current signal can be set. IMinOpPhSel is the start
level for the directional evaluation of IL1, IL2 and IL3. The directional signals release the overcurrent
measurement in the respective phases if their current amplitudes are higher than the start level
(IMinOpPhSel) and the direction of the current is according to the set direction of the step.
If no blocking signals are active, the start signal will start the timer of the steps. The time
characteristic for each step can be chosen as definite time delay or an inverse time delay
characteristic. A wide range of standardized inverse time delay characteristics is available. It is also
possible to create a tailor made time characteristic.
The possibilities for inverse time characteristics are described in section "Inverse characteristics".
HarmBlockx = Enabled
Freeze Timers
AND
2ndH_FreezeTimers_int
EMULTX
IMinx Characteristx=DefTime
X T b tx
F a>b
a t
TRx
AND AND
|IOP|
a OR
a>b
b
STx
IxMult AND
X T
F
Inverse
Ix>
AND
AND
Characteristx=Inverse
txmin
DirModex=Off t
OR STEPx_DIR_Int
DirModex=Non-directional
DirModex=Forward AND OR
FORWARD_Int
DirModex=Reverse
AND
REVERSE_Int
IEC12000008‐2‐en.vsdx
IEC12000008 V3 EN-US
I3P
DFWDLx
U3P DFWDLxx
DREVLx
Directional
Element
AngleRCA DREVLxx FORWARD_int
Directional
AngleROA Release REVERSE_int
Block
STLx
Greater
IMinOpPhSel Comparator
x‐ means three phases 1,2 and 3
xx – means phase to phase 12,23,31
IEC15000266-2-en.vsdx
IEC15000266 V2 EN-US
There is a possibility to activate a preset change (IxMult x= 1, 2, 3 or 4) of the set operation current
via a binary input ENMULTx (enable multiplier). In some applications the operation value needs to be
changed, for example due to changed network switching state.
The operation current value Ix>, is limited to be between Ix>Max and Ix>Min. The default values of
the limits are the same as the setting limits for Ix>, and the limits can only be used for reducing the
allowed range of Ix>. This feature is used when remote setting of the operation current value is
allowed, making it possible to ensure that the operation value used is reasonable. If Ix> is set outside
Ix>Max and Ix>Min, the closest of the limits to Ix> is used by the function. If Ix>Max is smaller then
Ix>Min, the limits are swapped. The principle of the limitation is shown in Figure 41.
Ix>Max
MAX hi
u y
Ix>_used
Ix>
MIN lo
Ix>Min
IEC17000018-1-en.vsdx
IEC17000018 V1 EN-US
The STDIRCND output provides an integer signal that depends on the start and directional
evaluation and is derived from a binary coded signal as described in Table 43.
STDIRCND Description
bit 0 (1) General start
bit 1 (2) Direction detected in forward
bit 2 (4) Direction detected in reverse
bit 3 (8) Start in phase L1
bit 4 (16) Forward direction detected in phase L1
bit 5 (32) Reverse direction detected in phase L1
bit 6 (64) Start in phase L2
bit 7 (128) Forward direction detected in phase L2
bit 8 (256) Reverse direction detected in phase L2
bit 9 (512) Start in phase L3
bit 10 (1024) Forward direction detected in phase L3
bit 11 (2048) Reverse direction detected in phase L3
All four steps in OC4PTOC can be blocked from the binary input BLOCK. The binary input BLKSTx
(x=1, 2, 3 or 4) blocks the operation of the respective step.
The start signals from the function can be blocked by the binary input BLKST. The trip signals from
the function can be blocked by the binary input BLKTR.
GUID-E3980B2D-EEDA-4BF1-A07D-E7B721130554 v7
A harmonic restrain of the directional phase overcurrent protection function OC4PTOC can be
chosen. If the ratio of the 2nd harmonic component in relation to the fundamental frequency
component in a phase current exceeds the preset level defined by the parameter 2ndHarmStab
setting, any of the four overcurrent stages can have their timers selectively frozen by the parameter
HarmBlockx setting. When the 2nd harmonic restraint feature is active, the OC4PTOC function
output signal ST2NDHRM will be set to the logical value one.
BLOCK
a
a>b
0.07*IBase b
a
a>b
b
Extract second AND
IOP
harmonic current a
a>b
component b
Extract 2ndH_FreezeTimers_Int
fundamental
current component
X
2ndHarmStab
IEC13000014-3-en.vsdx
IEC13000014 V3 EN-US
When enabled, the 2nd harmonic blocking function is used to freeze the Definite
and/or the Inverse Characteristics internal timers. When the function detects a 2nd
harmonic higher than the set threshold, the internal function timers are frozen but
START outputs continues to be active as long as the measured current is above the
set pickup level. Internal timers will again resume timing when harmonic content
becomes smaller than the set threshold and the measured current is higher than the
pickup value. If TRIP output is already active when harmonic blocking signal appears
the TRIP output will not be affected.
When DirModex is set to Forward/Reverse and Ix> is set at its minimum value, that
is, 5.0% of IBase, the operation from the respective overcurrent step takes place at
20.0% of IBase. This is done to avoid unintentional maloperations during unbalanced
loading conditions that might appear in power systems and the unbalanced loading
condition might lead to a neutral current in the range of 10.0% to 15.0% of IBase.
Reset ratio -
Minimum operate current, step 1-4 % of lBase ±1.0% of Ir at I ≤ Ir
±1.0% of I at I > Ir
7.2.2 Identification
M14881-1 v7
Directional residual overcurrent protection, four steps (EF4PTOC) can be used as main protection for
phase-to-earth faults. It can also be used to provide a system back-up, for example, in the case of
the primary protection being out of service due to communication or voltage transformer circuit
failure.
EF4PTOC has an inverse or definite time delay independent for each step.
All IEC and ANSI time-delayed characteristics are available together with an optional user-defined
characteristic.
IDir, UPol and IPol can be independently selected to be either zero sequence or negative sequence.
The residual current can be calculated by summing the three-phase currents or taking the input from
the neutral CT.
EF4PTOC also provides very fast and reliable faulty phase identification for phase selective tripping
and subsequent reclosing during earth fault.
EF4PTOC
I3P* TRIP
I3PDIR* TRIN1
I3PPOL* TRIN2
U3P* TRIN3
BLOCK TRIN4
BLKTR TRSOTF
BLKST1 START
BLKST2 STIN1
BLKST3 STIN2
BLKST4 STIN3
BLKPHSEL STIN4
ENMULT1 STSOTF
ENMULT2 STFW
ENMULT3 STRV
ENMULT4 PHSELL1
CBPOS PHSELL2
CLOSECB PHSELL3
OPENCB 2NDHARMD
IEC06000424-6-en.vsdx
IEC06000424 V6 EN-US
PID-7797-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7797-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7797-SETTINGS v1
M13941-51 v8
This function has the following four analog inputs on its function block in the configuration tool:
1. I3P, input used for the operating quantity. Supplies the zero-sequence magnitude measuring
functionality.
2. U3P, input used for the voltage polarizing quantity. Supplies either the zero or the negative
sequence voltage to the directional functionality
3. I3P and U3P also supply current and voltage samples for faulty phase selection functionality.
4. I3PPOL, input used for the current polarizing quantity. Provides polarizing current to the
directional functionality. This current is normally taken from the grounding of a power
transformer.
5. I3PDIR, input used for directional detection. Supplies either the zero or the negative sequence
current to the directional functionality.
These inputs are connected from the corresponding pre-processing function blocks in the
configuration tool in PCM600.
The function always uses residual current (3I0) for its operating quantity. The residual current can be:
1. Directly measured (when a dedicated CT input of the IED is connected in PCM600 to the fourth
analog input of the pre-processing block connected to EF4PTOC function input I3P). This
dedicated IED CT input can be, for example, connected to:
• Parallel connection of current instrument transformers in all three phases (Holm-Green
connection).
• One single core balance current instrument transformer (cable CT).
• One single current instrument transformer located between power system star point and
earth (current transformer located in the star point of a star connected transformer
winding).
• One single current instrument transformer located between two parts of a protected object
(current transformer located between two star points of double star shunt capacitor bank).
2. Calculated from three-phase current input within the IED (when the fourth analog input of the
pre-processing block, connected to EF4PTOC function Analog Input I3P, is not connected to a
dedicated CT input of the IED in PCM600). In such a case, the pre-processing block will
calculate 3I0 from the first three inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following
formula (will take 3I0 from SMAI AI3P and will be connected to I3PDIR and I3P inputs.
where:
IL1, IL2, and IL3 are fundamental frequency phasors of three individual phase currents.
The residual current is pre-processed by a discrete Fourier filter. Thus the phasor of the fundamental
frequency component of the residual current is derived. The phasor magnitude is used within the
EF4PTOC protection to compare it with the set operation current value of the four steps (IN1>, IN2>,
IN3>, or IN4>).
If the residual current is larger than the set operation current and the step is used in non-directional
mode a signal from the comparator for this step is set to true. This signal will, without delay, activate
the output signal STINx (x=step 1-4) for this step and a common START signal.
A polarizing quantity is used within the protection in order to determine the direction to the earth fault
(forward/reverse).
The function can be set to use voltage polarizing, current polarizing or dual polarizing.
Voltage polarizing
When voltage polarizing is selected, the protection will use the residual voltage -3U0 as the polarizing
quantity U3P.
1. Directly measured (when a dedicated VT input of the IED is connected in PCM600 to the fourth
analog input of the pre-processing block connected to EF4PTOC function input U3P). This
dedicated IED VT input shall be then connected to the open delta winding of a three-phase main
VT.
2. Calculated from three-phase voltage input within the IED (when the fourth analog input of the
pre-processing block, connected to EF4PTOC analog function input U3P, is NOT connected to a
dedicated VT input of the IED in PCM600). In such a case, the pre-processing block will
calculate -3U0 from the first three inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following
formula:
where:
UL1, UL2, and UL3 are fundamental frequency phasors of three individual phase voltages.
In order to use this, all three phase-to-earth voltages must be connected to three IED
VT inputs.
The residual voltage is pre-processed by a discrete Fourier filter. Thus, the phasor of the
fundamental frequency component of the residual voltage is derived.
This phasor is used together with the phasor of the operating directional current, in order to
determine the direction to the earth fault (Forward/Reverse). In order to enable voltage polarizing the
magnitude of polarizing voltage shall be bigger than a minimum level defined by setting parameter
UPolMin.
It shall be noted that residual voltage (-3U0) or negative sequence voltage (-3U2) is used to
determine the location of the earth fault. This ensures the required inversion of the polarizing voltage
within the earth-fault function.
Current polarizing
When current polarizing is selected, the function will use an external residual current (3I0) as the
polarizing quantity IPol. This current can be:
1. Directly measured (when a dedicated CT input of the IED is connected in PCM600 to the fourth
analog input of the pre-processing block, connected to EF4PTOC function input I3PPOL). This
dedicated IED CT input is then typically connected to one single current transformer located
between power system star point and earth (current transformer located in the star point of a
star connected transformer winding).
• For some special line protection applications, this dedicated IED CT input can be
connected to a parallel connection of current transformers in all three phases (Holm-
Green connection).
2. Calculated from three phase current input within the IED (when the fourth analog input into the
pre-processing block, connected to EF4PTOC function analog input I3PPOL, is NOT connected
to a dedicated CT input of the IED in PCM600). In such case, the pre-processing block will
calculate 3I0 from the first three inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following
formula:
where:
IL1, IL2, and IL3 are fundamental frequency phasors of three individual phase currents.
The residual current is pre-processed by a discrete fourier filter. Thus the phasor of the fundamental
frequency component of the polarizing current is derived. This phasor is then multiplied with the pre-
set equivalent zero-sequence source impedance in order to calculate the equivalent polarizing
voltage UIPol in accordance with the following formula:
which will be then used, together with the phasor of the operating current, in order to determine the
direction to the earth fault (forward/reverse).
In order to enable current polarizing, the magnitude of the polarizing current shall be bigger than a
minimum level defined by setting parameter IPolMin.
Dual polarizing
When dual polarizing is selected, the function will use the vectorial sum of the voltage based and
current based polarizing in accordance with the following formula:
UPol and IPol can be either zero sequence component or negative sequence component depending
upon the user selection.
Then the phasor of the total polarizing voltage UTotPol will be used, together with the phasor of the
operating current, to determine the direction of the earth fault (forward/reverse).
The individual steps within the protection can be set as non-directional. When this setting is selected,
it is possible via the function binary input BLKSTx to provide external directional control (that is,
torque control) by, for example, using one of the following functions if available in the IED:
Zero sequence components will be used for detecting directionality for the earth fault function. In
some cases, zero sequence quantities might detect directionality incorrectly. In such a scenario,
negative sequence quantities will be used. The user can select either zero sequence components or
negative sequence components for detecting directionality with the parameter SeqTypeIPol. I3PDIR
input is always connected to the same source as I3P input.
The base quantities are entered as global settings for all functions in the IED. Base current (IBase)
shall be entered as rated phase current of the protected object in primary amperes. Base voltage
(UBase) shall be entered as rated phase-to-phase voltage of the protected object in primary kV.
Each overcurrent step uses operating quantity Iop (residual current) as the measuring quantity. Each
of the four residual overcurrent steps has the following built-in facilities:
INx>Max
MAX hi
INx>_used
INx> u y
MIN lo
INx>Min
IEC17000017-2-en.vsdx
IEC17000017 V2 EN-US
Simplified logic diagram for one residual overcurrent step is shown in Figure 45.
HarmBlockx = Enabled
Freeze Timers
AND
2ndH_FreezeTimers_int
EMULTX
IMinx Characteristx=DefTime
X T b tx
F a>b
a t
TRINx
AND AND
|IOP|
a OR
a>b
b
STINx
INxMult AND
X T
F
Inverse
INx>
AND
AND
Characteristx=Inverse
txmin
DirModex=Off t
OR STEPx_DIR_Int
DirModex=Non-directional
DirModex=Forward AND OR
FORWARD_Int
DirModex=Reverse
AND
REVERSE_Int
IEC10000008-7-en.vsdx
IEC10000008 V7 EN-US
Figure 45: Simplified logic diagram for residual overcurrent step x, where x = step 1, 2, 3 or 4
The protection can be completely blocked from the binary input BLOCK. Output signals for respective
step, and STINx and TRINx, can be blocked from the binary input BLKSTx. The trip signals from the
function can be blocked from the binary input BLKTR.
At least one of the four residual overcurrent steps shall be set as directional in order
to enable execution of the directional supervision element and the integrated
directional comparison function.
The protection has an integrated directional feature. As the operating quantity current Iop is always
used, the polarizing method is determined by the parameter setting polMethod. The polarizing
quantity will be selected by the function in one of the following three ways:
The operating and polarizing quantity are then used inside the directional element, as shown in
Figure 46, in order to determine the direction of the earth fault.
Operating area
STRV
0.6 * IN>DIR
Characteristic for reverse
release of measuring steps
-RCA -85 deg
Characteristic
for STRV 40% of
IN>DIR RCA +85 deg
RCA
65° Upol = -3U 0
STFW
I op = 3I0
Operating area
Characteristic
for STFW IEC11000243-1-en.ai
IEC11000243 V1 EN-US
Figure 46: Operating characteristic for earth-fault directional element using the zero sequence
components
The relevant setting parameters for the directional supervision element are:
• The directional element will be internally enabled to operate as soon as Iop is bigger than 40%
of IN>Dir and the directional condition is fulfilled in the set direction.
• The relay characteristic angle AngleRCA, which defines the position of forward and reverse
areas in the operating characteristic.
1. STFW=1 when operating quantity magnitude Iop x cos(φ - AngleRCA) is bigger than setting
parameter IN>Dir and directional supervision element detects fault in forward direction.
2. STRV=1 when operating quantity magnitude Iop x cos(φ - AngleRCA) is bigger than 60% of
setting parameter IN>Dir and directional supervision element detects fault in reverse direction.
These signals shall be used for communication based earth-fault teleprotection communication
schemes (permissive or blocking).
Simplified logic diagram for directional supervision element with integrated directional comparison
step is shown in Figure 47:
| IopDir |
a
a>b STRV
b AND
REVERSE_Int
0.6
X
a
a>b STFW
IN>Dir b AND
FORWARD_Int
X
0.4
FWD
AND FORWARD_Int
AngleRCA
polMethod=Voltage
OR
UPolMin
Characteristic
Directional
polMethod=Dual IPolMin
UPol T
I3PDIR
0.0 F
polMethod=Current
OR
UTotPol
IPol AND REVERSE_Int
T RVS
F
UIPol
RNPol STAGE1_DIR_Int
X T
Complex 0.0 STAGE2_DIR_Int
Number 0.0 F OR
XNPol STAGE3_DIR_Int
STAGE4_DIR_Int
BLOCK AND
IEC07000067-7-en.vsdx
IEC07000067 V7 EN-US
Figure 47: Simplified logic diagram for directional supervision element with integrated directional comparison
step
A harmonic restrain can be chosen for each step by a parameter setting HarmBlockx. If the ratio of
the 2nd harmonic component in relation to the fundamental frequency component in the residual
current exceeds the preset level (defined by parameter 2ndHarmStab), output signal 2NDHARMD is
set to logical value one and the harmonic restraining feature to the function block will be applicable.
Blocking from the 2nd harmonic element activates if all of three criteria are satisfied:
In addition to the basic functionality explained above, the 2nd harmonic blocking can be set in such
way to seal-in until residual current disappears. This feature might be required to stabilize EF4PTOC
during switching of parallel transformers in the station. In case of parallel transformers there is a risk
of sympathetic inrush current. If one of the transformers is in operation, and the parallel transformer
is switched in, the asymmetric inrush current of the switched-in transformer will cause partial
saturation of the transformer already in service. This is called transferred saturation. The 2nd
harmonic of the inrush currents of the two transformers is in phase opposition. The summation of the
two currents thus gives a small 2nd harmonic current. The residual fundamental current is however
significant. The inrush current of the transformer in service before the parallel transformer energizing,
is a little delayed compared to the first transformer. Therefore, we have high 2nd harmonic current
component initially. After a short period this current is however small and the normal 2nd harmonic
blocking resets. If the BlkParTransf function is activated, the 2nd harmonic restrain signal is latched
as long as the residual current measured by the relay is larger than a selected step current level by
using setting UseStartValue.
This feature has been called Block for Parallel Transformers. This 2nd harmonic seal-in feature is
activated when all of the following three conditions are simultaneously fulfilled:
Once Block for Parallel Transformers is activated, the basic 2nd harmonic blocking signal is sealed-in
until the residual current magnitude falls below a value defined by parameter setting UseStartValue
(see condition 3 above).
Simplified logic diagram for 2nd harmonic blocking feature is shown in Figure 48.
BLOCK
a
a>b
0.07*IBase b
a
a>b
b
Extract second AND
IOP
harmonic current a
a>b
component b
Extract
fundamental
current component
X
2ndHarmStab
q-1
0-70ms OR 2ndH_FreezeTimers_int
AND OR
0
BlkParTransf=On
|IOP|
a
a>b
b
Use_PUValue
Pickup1>
Pickup2>
Pickup3>
Pickup4>
ANSI13000015-2-en.vsdx
ANSI13000015 V2 EN-US
Figure 48: Simplified logic diagram for 2nd harmonic blocking feature and Block for Parallel Transformers
feature
When enabled, the 2nd harmonic blocking function is used to freeze the Definite
and/or the Inverse Characteristics internal timers. When the function detects a 2nd
harmonic higher than the set threshold, the internal function timers are frozen but
START outputs continues to be active as long as the measured current is above the
set pickup level. Internal timers will again resume timing when harmonic content
becomes smaller than the set threshold and the measured current is higher than the
pickup value. If TRIP output is already active when harmonic blocking signal appears
the TRIP output will not be affected.
Integrated in the four step residual overcurrent protection are the switch on to fault logic (SOTF) and
the under-time logic. The setting parameter SOTF is set to activate SOTF, the under-time logic or
both. When the circuit breaker is closing there is a risk to close it onto a permanent fault, for example
during an autoreclosing sequence. The SOTF logic will enable fast fault clearance during such
situations. The time during which SOTF and under-time logics will be active after activation is defined
by the setting parameter t4U.
The SOTF logic uses the start signal from step 2 or step 3 for its operation, selected by setting
parameter StepForSOTF. The setting parameter ActivationSOTF can be set for activation of CB
position open change, CB position closed change or CB close command. In case of a residual
current start from step 2 or 3 (dependent on setting) the function will give a trip after a set delay
tSOTF. This delay is normally set to a short time (default 200 ms).
The under-time logic acts as a circuit breaker pole-discordance protection, but it is only active
immediately after breaker switching. The under-time logic can only be used in solidly or low
impedance grounded systems.
The under-time logic always uses the start signal from the step 4. The under-time logic will normally
be set to operate for a lower current level than the SOTF function. The under-time logic can also be
blocked by the 2nd harmonic restraint feature. This enables high sensitivity even if power transformer
inrush currents can occur at breaker closing. This logic is typically used to detect asymmetry of CB
poles immediately after switching of the circuit breaker. The under-time logic is activated either from
change in circuit breaker position or from circuit breaker close and open command pulses. This
selection is done by setting parameter ActUnderTime. In case of a start from step 4 this logic will give
a trip after a set delay tUnderTime. This delay is normally set to a relatively short time (default 300
ms).
SOTF
200 ms
Open
t
t4U
200 ms
Closed
t ActivationSOTF
Close command
tSOTF
AND t
AND
STIN2
StepForSOTF
STIN3
SOTF
BLOCK
OFF
SOTF
UNDERTIME
UnderTime TRIP
tUnderTime
SOTF or
AND
2nd Harmonic HarmResSOFT t UnderTime
OR
Open
Close OR
t4U
ActUnderTime
Close command AND
STIN4
IEC06000643-7-en.vsdx
IEC06000643 V7 EN-US
Figure 49: Simplified logic diagram for SOTF and under-time features
M13941-3 v6
Simplified logic diagram for the complete EF4PTOC function is shown in Figure 50:
harmRestrBlock
3I0 Harmonic
Restraint 1
Element TRIP
Blocking at parallel
transformers
SwitchOnToFault
TRSOTF
CB
DirMode pos
or cmd
enableDir
Mode
Selection enableStep1-4
DirectionalMode1-4
IEC06000376-4-en.vsdx
IEC06000376 V4 EN-US
The phase selection element provides very fast and reliable faulty phase identification for phase
selective tripping and subsequent reclosing during earth faults. The operation of the phase selection
element is based on both voltage phasor comparison and current change criteria. This measuring
principle successfully distinguishes the faulty phase with minimum influence from load current or
other disturbances, such as power swing. The phase selection feature can be enabled by setting
EnPhaseSel.
The faulty phases are primarily identified by a delta current criteria. Per-phase and phase-to-phase
delta currents are calculated and compared with different criteria to determine if there is a single
phase or phase-to-phase to earth fault. In case the fault cannot be identified by the delta current
criteria, a voltage phasor based method will be applied by comparing the angle between the voltage
phasor and the zero sequence current. The voltage phasor based method is applicable for forward
direction single phase to ground faults. If a three phase disturbance has been identified (for example,
during power swing), the voltage based method will be temporarily disabled until the disturbance
disappears.
The operation of the phase selection element is controlled by the measured zero sequence current.
When the measured zero sequence current is above the operate level (60% of IN>Dir), phase
selection is released. Once the faulty phase is selected, the selected phase will be latched until the
zero sequence current drops below the operate level.
Outputs PHSELL1, PHSELL2, and PHSELL3 are used to indicate the selected faulty phases. The
outputs are released when general START from EF4 function is TRUE.
The phase selection element will be blocked by the external input BLKPHSEL or when the circuit
breaker position is open. The CBPOS input will be high when the circuit breaker is closed and it will
be low when the circuit breaker is open. The CBPOS input provides the CB position to phase
selection element.
tON = 20ms
Phase selection by
U3P voltage and zero
AND 1s AND
sequence current
phasor
No 3 Phase Disturbance
STFW
IEC20000563-2-en.vsdx
IEC20000563 V2 EN-US
M15223-1 v18
Minimum operate time for inverse curves, (0.000 - 60.000) s ±0.2% or ±35 ms whichever is
step 1-4 greater
Inverse time characteristics, see Table 571, 16 curve types See Table 571, Table 572 and
Table 572 and Table 573 Table 573
Second harmonic blocking (5–100)% of fundamental ±2.0% of Ir
7.3.2 Identification
GUID-E1720ADA-7F80-4F2C-82A1-EF2C9EF6A4B4 v1
Four step directional negative phase sequence overcurrent protection (NS4PTOC) has an inverse or
definite time delay independent for each step separately.
All IEC and ANSI time delayed characteristics are available together with an optional user defined
characteristic.
NS4PTOC can be set directional or non-directional independently for each of the steps.
NS4PTOC can be used as main protection for unsymmetrical fault; phase-phase short circuits,
phase-phase-earth short circuits and single phase earth faults.
NS4PTOC can also be used to provide a system backup for example, in the case of the primary
protection being out of service due to communication or voltage transformer circuit failure.
NS4PTOC
I3P* TRIP
I3PDIR* TR1
U3P* TR2
BLOCK TR3
BLKTR TR4
BLKST1 START
BLKST2 ST1
BLKST3 ST2
BLKST4 ST3
ENMULT1 ST4
ENMULT2 STFW
ENMULT3 STRV
ENMULT4
IEC10000054-2-en.vsd
IEC10000054 V2 EN-US
7.3.5 Signals
PID-7798-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7798-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
7.3.6 Settings
PID-7798-SETTINGS v1
Four step negative sequence overcurrent protection NS4PTOC function has the following three
“Analog Inputs” on its function block in the configuration tool:
These inputs are connected from the corresponding pre-processing function blocks in the
Configuration Tool within PCM600.
Four step negative sequence overcurrent protection NS4PTOC function always uses negative
sequence current (I2) for its operating quantity. The negative sequence current is calculated from
three-phase current input within the IED. The pre-processing block calculates I2 from the first three
inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following formula:
1
I2 =
3
(
× IL1 + a × IL 2 + a × IL 3
2
)
EQUATION2266 V2 EN-US (Equation 14)
where:
IL1, IL2 and IL3 are fundamental frequency phasors of three individual phase currents.
a is so called operator which gives a phase shift of 120 deg, that is, a = 1∠120 deg
a2 similarly gives a phase shift of 240 deg, that is, a2 = 1∠240 deg
The phasor magnitude is used within the NS4PTOC protection to compare it with the set operation
current value of the four steps (I1>, I2>, I3> or I4>). If the negative sequence current is larger than
the set operation current and the step is used in non-directional mode a signal from the comparator
for this step is set to true. This signal, without delay, activates the output signal STx (x=1 - 4) for this
step and a common START signal.
A polarizing quantity is used within the protection to determine the direction to the fault (Forward/
Reverse).
Four step negative sequence overcurrent protection NS4PTOC function uses the voltage polarizing
method.
NS4PTOC uses the negative sequence voltage -U2 as polarizing quantity U3P. This voltage is
calculated from three phase voltage input within the IED. The pre-processing block calculates -U2
from the first three inputs into the pre-processing block by using the following formula:
1
UPol = -U 2 = - × (UL1 + a 2 × UL 2 + a × UL3 )
3
EQUATION2267 V2 EN-US
where:
UL1, UL2 and UL3 are fundamental frequency phasors of three individual phase voltages.
To use this all three phase-to-earth voltages must be connected to three IED VT inputs.
This phasor is used together with the phasor of the operating current, in order to determine the
direction to the fault (Forward/Reverse).To enable voltage polarizing the magnitude of polarizing
voltage must be bigger than a minimum level defined by setting UpolMin.
Note that –U2 is used to determine the location of the fault. This ensures the required inversion of the
polarizing voltage within the function.
The individual steps within the protection can be set as non-directional. When this setting is selected
it is then possible via function binary input BLKSTx (where x indicates the relevant step within the
protection) to provide external directional control (that is, torque control) by for example using one of
the following functions if available in the IED:
Each overcurrent stage uses Operating Quantity I2 (negative sequence current) as measuring
quantity. Every of the four overcurrent stage has the following built-in facilities:
• Operating mode (Off/ Non-directional /Forward / Reverse). By this parameter setting the
operating mode of the stage is selected. Note that the directional decision (Forward/Reverse) is
not made within the overcurrent stage itself. The direction of the fault is determined in common
“Directional Supervision Element” described in the next paragraph.
• Negative sequence current pickup value.
• Type of operating characteristic (Inverse or Definite Time). By this parameter setting it is
possible to select Inverse or definite time delay for negative sequence overcurrent function.
Most of the standard IEC and ANSI inverse characteristics are available. For the complete list of
available inverse curves, refer to Chapter "Inverse characteristics"
• Type of reset characteristic (Instantaneous / IEC Reset /ANSI reset).By this parameter setting it
is possible to select the reset characteristic of the stage. For the complete list of available reset
curves, refer to Chapter "Inverse characteristics"
• Time delay related settings. By these parameter settings the properties like definite time delay,
minimum operating time for inverse curves, reset time delay and parameters to define user
programmable inverse curve are defined.
• Multiplier for scaling of the set negative sequence current pickup value by external binary signal.
By this parameter setting it is possible to increase negative sequence current pickup value when
function binary input ENMULTx has logical value 1.
Simplified logic diagram for one negative sequence overcurrent stage is shown in the following
figure:
BLKTR
Characteristx=DefTime AND
TRx
|IOP| AND
tx
a OR
a>b
ENMULTx b
STx
IxMult AND
X T
Ix> F
txmin
BLKSTx AND
BLOCK
Inverse
Characteristx=Inverse
DirModex=Off OR STAGEx_DIR_Int
DirModex=Non-directional
DirModex=Forward
AND OR
FORWARD_Int
DirModex=Reverse
AND
REVERSE_Int
IEC09000683.vsd
IEC09000683 V3 EN-US
Figure 53: Simplified logic diagram for negative sequence overcurrent stage x , where x=1, 2, 3 or 4
NS4PTOC can be completely blocked from the binary input BLOCK. The start signals from
NS4PTOC for each stage can be blocked from the binary input BLKSTx. The trip signals from
NS4PTOC can be blocked from the binary input BLKTR.
At least one of the four negative sequence overcurrent steps must be set as
directional in order to enable execution of the directional supervision element and
the integrated directional comparison function.
The operating and polarizing quantity are then used inside the directional element, as shown in figure
54, to determine the direction of the fault.
Reverse
Area
AngleRCA Upol=-U2
Forward
Area
Iop = I2
IEC10000031-1-en.vsd
IEC10000031 V1 EN-US
• Directional element is internally enable to operate as soon as Iop is bigger than 40% of I>Dir
and the directional condition is fulfilled in set direction.
• Relay characteristic angle AngleRCA which defines the position of forward and reverse areas in
the operating characteristic.
Directional comparison step, built-in within directional supervision element, set NS4PTOC output
binary signals:
1. STFW=1 when tip of I2 phasor (operating quantity magnitude) is in forward area, see fig 54
(Operating quantity magnitude is bigger than setting I>Dir)
2. STRV=1 when tip of I2 phasor (operating quantity magnitude) is in the reverse area, see fig 54.
(Operating quantity magnitude is bigger than 60% of setting I>Dir)
These signals must be used for communication based fault teleprotection communication schemes
(permissive or blocking).
Simplified logic diagram for directional supervision element with integrated directional comparison
step is shown in figure 55:
|Iop|
a a>
STRV
b b AND
REVERSE_Int
0.6
X
a a>
STFW
I>Dir b b FORWARD_Int
AND
X
0.4
FWD
AND FORWARD_Int
AngleRCA
C h a r a c e ri s ti c
D i r e c ti o n a l
UPolMin
IPolMin
t
Iop
UPol
AND REVERSE_Int
RVS
STAGE1_DIR_Int
STAGE2_DIR_Int
STAGE3_DIR_Int OR
STAGE4_DIR_Int
BLOCK AND
IEC07000067-4.vsd
IEC07000067-4 V2 EN-US
Figure 55: Simplified logic diagram for directional supervision element with integrated directional comparison
step
GUID-E83AD807-8FE0-4244-A50E-86B9AF92469E v7
7.4.1 Identification
M14877-1 v2
SYMBOL-A V1 EN-US
If a power transformer reaches very high temperatures the equipment might be damaged. The
insulation within the transformer will experience forced ageing. As a consequence of this the risk of
internal phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth faults will increase.
The thermal overload protection (TRPTTR) estimates the internal heat content of the transformer
(temperature) continuously. This estimation is made by using a thermal model of the transformer with
two time constants, which is based on current measurement.
Two warning levels are available. This enables actions in the power system to be done before
dangerous temperatures are reached. If the temperature continues to increase to the trip value, the
protection initiates a trip of the protected transformer.
TRPTTR
I3P* TRIP
BLOCK START
COOLING ALARM1
ENMULT ALARM2
RESET LOCKOUT
WARNING
IEC06000272_2_en.vsd
IEC06000272 V2 EN-US
7.4.4 Signals
PID-4148-INPUTSIGNALS v4
PID-4148-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
7.4.5 Settings
PID-6862-SETTINGS v1
The sampled analog phase currents are pre-processed and for each phase current the true RMS
value of each phase current is derived. These phase current values are fed to the protection function.
From the largest of the three phase currents a relative final temperature (heat content) is calculated
according to the expression:
2
æ I ö
Q final =ç ÷÷
ç I ref
è ø
EQUATION1171 V1 EN-US (Equation 15)
where:
I is the largest phase current
Iref is a given reference current
If this calculated relative temperature is larger than the relative temperature level corresponding to
the set operate (trip) current, then the start output signal START will be activated.
If Q final > Q n
EQUATION1172 V1 EN-US (Equation 16)
æ Dt
ö
Qn = Qn -1 + ( Q final - Q n-1 ) × ç1 - e t ÷
-
è ø
EQUATION1173 V1 EN-US (Equation 17)
If Q final < Qn
EQUATION1174 V1 EN-US (Equation 18)
Dt
Qn = Q final - ( Q final - Qn -1 ) × e
-
t
where:
Qn is the calculated present temperature
Q final is the calculated final (steady state) temperature with the actual current
Dt is the time step between calculation of the actual and final temperature
t is the thermal time constant of the protected circuit given in minutes. There are different time
constants depending on the cooling used. Please refer to manufacturer's manuals for details
The calculated transformer relative temperature can be monitored and it is exported from the function
as a real figure HEATCONT.
When the transformer temperature reaches any of the set alarm levels Alarm1 or Alarm2 the
corresponding output signal ALARM1 or ALARM2 is activated. When the temperature of the object
reaches the set trip level which corresponds to continuous current equal to ITrip the output signal
TRIP is activated.
There is also a calculation of the time to operation with the present current. This calculation is only
performed if the final temperature is calculated to be above the operation temperature:
æQ - Qoperate ö
toperate = -t × ln ç final
ç Q final - Q n ÷÷
è ø
EQUATION1176 V1 EN-US (Equation 20)
The calculated time to trip can be monitored and it is exported from the function as an integer output
TTRIP.
After a trip there can be a lockout to inhibit reconnecting the tripped circuit. The output lockout signal
LOCKOUT is activated when the temperature of the object is above the set lockout release
temperature setting ResLo.
The time to lockout release is calculated by the following cooling time calculation.
æQ - Qlockout _ release ö
tlockout _ release = -t × ln ç final ÷÷
ç Q final - Q n
è ø
EQUATION1177 V1 EN-US (Equation 21)
In the above equation, the final temperature is calculated according to equation 15. The calculated
component temperature can be monitored as it is exported from the function as a real figure,
TRESLO.
When the current is so high that it has given a start signal START, the estimated time to trip is
continuously calculated and given as analogue output TTRIP. If this calculated time get less than the
setting time Warning, set in minutes, the output WARNING is activated.
RESET HEATCONT
Calculation
of heat
content
I3P
Calculation
ENMULT of final
temperature
ALARM1
Actual Temp >
Alarm1,Alarm2
ALARM2
Temp
S LOCKOUT
Management of R
COOLING setting
parameters: Tau,
Actual Temp
IBase Tau used
< Recl
Temp
TTRIP
Calculation
of time to
WARNING
trip
Calculation
of time to TRESCAL
reset of
lockout
IEC05000833-2-en.vsd
IEC05000833 V2 EN-US
M13266-2 v9
Reset level temperature (10–95)% of heat content trip ±2.0% of heat content trip
7.5.2 Identification
M14878-1 v5
SYMBOL-U V1 EN-US
A current based check with extremely short reset time is used as check criterion to achieve high
security against inadvertent operation.
CCRBRF
I3P* TRBU
BLOCK TRBU2
START TRRET
STL1 TRRETL1
STL2 TRRETL2
STL3 TRRETL3
CBCLDL1 CBALARM
CBCLDL2 STALARM
CBCLDL3
CBFLT
IEC18001006-1-en.vsd
IEC18001006 V1 EN-US
7.5.5 Signals
PID-7233-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7233-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
7.5.6 Settings
PID-7233-SETTINGS v1
Breaker failure protection CCRBRF is initiated from the protection trip command, either from
protection functions within the IED or from external protection devices.
To this function the three-phase current input and/or change to: the breaker normally open auxiliary
contact (i.e. "52a" or "closed") shall be connected. On OHL feeders where single pole auto-reclosing
is used, auxiliary contact from each CB pole shall be connected separately
The input START signal (i.e. initiate signal) can be phase selective or common (for all three phases).
Phase selective start signals enable single pole retrip functionality. This means that a second attempt
to open the same breaker can be done phase-selective. The retrip attempt is made after a set time
delay t1. For transmission lines, single pole trip and auto-reclosing is often used. The retrip function
can be phase selective if it is initiated from the phase selective line protection.
The retrip function can be done with or without current check. With this current check, the retrip is
only performed if thecurrent through the circuit breaker is larger than the operate current level.
The retrip function can be performed with or without CB position check according to table 71.
The start signal can be an internal or external protection trip signal. This signal will start the backup
trip timer. The function detects the successful breaker opening, either by detection of low current
through RMS evaluation and a special adapted current algorithm or by open contact indication. The
special algorithm enables a very fast detection of successful breaker opening, that is, fast resetting of
the current measurement. If the current and/or contact detection has not detected breaker opening
before the backup timer has run its time a backup trip is initiated.
•
• The minimum length of the retrip pulse, the backup trip pulse and the second backup trip pulse
are settable. This pulse duration is defined by a parameter setting tPulse. The retrip pulse, the
backup trip pulse and the second backup trip pulse will however sustain as long as there is an
indication of closed breaker.
• If the current detection is used it is possible to use three different options: 1 out of 3 where it is
sufficient to detect failure to open (high current) in one pole, 1 out of 4 where it is sufficient to
detect failure to open (high current) in one pole or high residual current and 2 out of 4 where at
least two currents (phase current and/or residual current) shall be high for breaker failure
detection.
• The current detection level for the residual current can be set different from the setting of phase
current detection.
• It is possible to have different backup time delays for single-phase faults and for multi-phase
faults.
• It is possible to have this option activated for small load currents only.
• It is possible to have instantaneous backup trip function if a signal is high if the circuit breaker is
incapable to clear faults, for example, at low gas pressure.
30 ms
START
STL1 OR BFP Started L1
150 ms
AND S
SR Q t
R
BLOCK
OR Time out L1
Reset L1 AND
Retrip Time Out L1
Backup Time Out L1
IEC09000976-3-en-us.vsd
IEC09000976 V3 EN-US
IP>
a
a>b
b
FunctionMode Current
OR AND Reset L1
OR
a AND AND
a>b OR AND
I>BlkCont b
IEC09000977-2-en.vsd
IEC09000977 V2 EN-US
t1 TRRETL3
BFP Started L1 From other
t Retrip Time Out L1
phases TRRETL2 OR
TRRET
tPulse
RetripMode No CBPos Check AND
OR TRRETL1
OR
1 30ms
OR
CB Pos Check
AND
CB Closed L1
CBFLT
IEC09000978-4-en.vsd
IEC09000978 V4 EN-US
BUTripMode
1 out of 3
2 out of 4
OR
1 1 out of 4 AND
Current high L1
BFP Started L1
AND
IN
a
a>b
IN> b
Contact Closed L1
OR
OR
Current High L2
From other AND Backup Time Out L1
Current High L3
phases
Current High L1
CBFLT
AND
t2
30ms Backup Trip L1
BFP Started L1 t AND
OR
t2MPh
AND t
AND
OR OR
tPulse
From other Backup Trip L2 OR TRBU
OR
phases Backup Trip L3
BFP Started L2 AND
From other
phases BFP Started L3 OR tPulse
t3
OR
TRBU2
S Q
SR
t
AND R
IEC09000979-5-en-us.vsd
IEC09000979 V5 EN-US
Figure 62: Simplified logic scheme of the backup trip logic function
When the function Start mode is set to LatchedStart and the function mode is set CB Pos, Re-trip,
and Backup trip will internally operate and latch. To reset these two signals the breaker position has
to indicate that the CB is open.
To avoid continuous lockout of Re-trip and Back up trip signals, the signals are rested internally
under the following conditions:
1. When the function blocking input is activated breaker position input (CBCLDLxx) will internally
be forced to zero in all phases (that is simulating that CB is open), which will reset Re-
trip(TRRET) and back up trip (TRBU) output signals.
2. If TRBU is active for 10 seconds, then the activated breaker position input (CBCLDLxx) will
internally be forced to zero which will reset both RETRIP and TRBU.
3. When using FunctionMode=Current/CB pos, the same behavior is applicable only when the CB
pos part is active; that is, when the measured current is below the set value I>BlkCBPos.
M12353-1 v15
Additional time delay for a second backup trip at (0.000-60.000) s ±0.2% or ±20 ms whichever is
0 to 2 x Iset greater
Time delay for alarm for faulty circuit breaker (0.000-60.000) s ±0.2% or ±15 ms whichever is
greater
Minimum trip pulse duration (0.010-60.000) s ±0.2% or ±5 ms whichever is greater
* Valid for product version 2.2.3 or later
7.6.1 Identification
M14888-1 v4
PD
SYMBOL-S V1 EN-US
An open phase can cause negative and zero sequence currents which cause thermal stress on
rotating machines and can cause unwanted operation of zero sequence or negative sequence
current functions.
Normally the own breaker is tripped to correct such a situation. If the situation persists the
surrounding breakers should be tripped to clear the unsymmetrical load situation.
The Pole discordance protection function (CCPDSC) operates based on information from auxiliary
contacts of the circuit breaker for the three phases with additional criteria from unsymmetrical phase
currents when required.
CCPDSC
I3P* TRIP
BLOCK START
BLKDBYAR
CLOSECMD
OPENCMD
EXTPDIND
POLE1OPN
POLE1CL
POLE2OPN
POLE2CL
POLE3OPN
POLE3CL
IEC13000305-1-en.vsd
IEC13000305 V1 EN-US
7.6.4 Signals
PID-3525-INPUTSIGNALS v8
PID-3525-OUTPUTSIGNALS v8
7.6.5 Settings
PID-3525-SETTINGS v8
circuit breaker
en05000287.vsd
IEC05000287 V2 EN-US
This binary signal is connected to a binary input of the IED. The appearance of this signal will start a
timer that will give a trip signal after the set time delay.
There is also a possibility to connect all phase selective auxiliary contacts (phase contact open and
phase contact closed) to binary inputs of the IED, see figure 65.
C.B.
+
poleOneOpened from C.B.
en05000288.vsd
IEC05000288 V1 EN-US
Pole discordance can also be detected by means of phase selective current measurement. The
sampled analog phase currents are pre-processed in a discrete Fourier filter (DFT) block. From the
fundamental frequency components of each phase current the RMS value of each phase current is
derived. The smallest and the largest phase current are derived. If the smallest phase current is
lower than the setting CurrUnsymLevel times the largest phase current the settable trip timer (tTrip) is
started. The tTrip timer gives a trip signal after the set delay. The TRIP signal is a pulse 150 ms long.
The current based pole discordance function can be set to be active either continuously or only
directly in connection to breaker open or close command.
The function also has a binary input that can be configured from the autoreclosing function, so that
the pole discordance function can be blocked during sequences with a single pole open if single pole
autoreclosing is used.
M13946-3 v7
The simplified block diagram of the current and contact based Pole discordance protection function
CCPDSC is shown in figure 66.
BLOCK
OR
BLKDBYAR
PolPosAuxCont
AND
POLE1OPN
POLE1CL
POLE2OPN
Discordance
POLE2CL
detection
POLE3OPN
POLE3CL t 150 ms
t TRIP
AND
OR
PD Signal from CB
AND
EXTPDIND
CLOSECMD t+200 ms
OR
OPENCMD
AND
Unsymmetry current
detection
en05000747.vsd
IEC05000747 V1 EN-US
Figure 66: Simplified block diagram of pole discordance function CCPDSC - contact and
current based
CCPDSC is blocked if:
• The IED is in TEST mode and CCPDSC has been blocked from the local HMI
• The input signal BLOCK is high
• The input signal BLKDBYAR is high
The BLOCK signal is a general purpose blocking signal of the pole discordance protection. It can be
connected to a binary input in the IED in order to receive a block command from external devices or
can be software connected to other internal functions in the IED itself in order to receive a block
command from internal functions. Through OR gate it can be connected to both binary inputs and
internal function outputs.
The BLKDBYAR signal blocks the pole discordance operation when a single phase autoreclosing
cycle is in progress. It can be connected to the output signal 1PT1 on SMBRRECfunction block. If the
autoreclosing function is an external device, then BLKDBYAR has to be connected to a binary input
in the IED and this binary input is connected to a signalization “1phase autoreclosing in progress”
from the external autoreclosing device.
If the pole discordance protection is enabled, then two different criteria can generate a trip signal
TRIP:
If one or two poles of the circuit breaker have failed to open or to close the pole discordance status,
then the function input EXTPDIND is activated from the pole discordance signal derived from the
circuit breaker auxiliary contacts (one NO contact for each phase connected in parallel, and in series
with one NC contact for each phase connected in parallel) and, after a settable time interval tTrip
(0-60 s), a 150 ms trip pulse command TRIP is generated by the Polediscordance function.
• any phase current is lower than CurrUnsymLevel of the highest current in the three phases.
• the highest phase current is greater than CurrRelLevel of IBase.
If these conditions are true, an unsymmetrical condition is detected and the internal signal INPS is
turned high. This detection is enabled to generate a trip after a set time delay tTrip if the detection
occurs in the next 200 ms after the circuit breaker has received a command to open trip or close and
if the unbalance persists. The 200 ms limitation is for avoiding unwanted operation during
unsymmetrical load conditions.
The pole discordance protection is informed that a trip or close command has been given to the
circuit breaker through the inputs CLOSECMD (for closing command information) and OPENCMD
(for opening command information). These inputs can be connected to terminal binary inputs if the
information are generated from the field (that is from auxiliary contacts of the close and open push
buttons) or may be software connected to the outputs of other integrated functions (that is close
command from a control function or a general trip from integrated protections).
8.1.1 Identification
M16876-1 v7
3U<
V2 EN-US
SYMBOL-R-2U-GREATER-THAN
Undervoltages can occur in the power system during faults or abnormal conditions. The two-step
undervoltage protection function (UV2PTUV) can be used to open circuit breakers to prepare for
system restoration at power outages or as a long-time delayed back-up to the primary protection.
UV2PTUV has two voltage steps, each with inverse or definite time delay.
It has a high reset ratio to allow settings close to the system service voltage.
UV2PTUV
U3P* TRIP
BLOCK TR1
BLKTR1 TR1L1
BLKST1 TR1L2
BLKTR2 TR1L3
BLKST2 TR2
TR2L1
TR2L2
TR2L3
START
ST1
ST1L1
ST1L2
ST1L3
ST2
ST2L1
ST2L2
ST2L3
IEC06000276-2-en.vsd
IEC06000276 V2 EN-US
8.1.4 Signals
PID-3586-INPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3586-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
8.1.5 Settings
PID-3586-SETTINGS v7
Two-step undervoltage protection (UV2PTUV) is used to detect low power system voltage. If one,
two or three phase voltages decrease below the set value, a corresponding START signal is
generated. The parameters OpMode1 and OpMode2 influence the requirements to activate the
START outputs: the measured voltages 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3, or 3 out of 3 have to be lower than the
corresponding set point to issue the corresponding START signal.
UV2PTUV has two voltage-measuring steps with separate time delays. If the voltage remains below
the set value for the chosen time delay, the corresponding trip signal is issued. To avoid an unwanted
trip due to the disconnection of the related high-voltage equipment, a voltage-controlled blocking of
the function is available: if the voltage is lower than the set blocking level, the function is blocked and
no START or TRIP signal is generated. The time delay characteristic is individually chosen for each
step and can be either definite time delay or inverse time delay.
To avoid oscillations of the output START signal, a hysteresis has been included.
Depending on the value of the ConnType parameter, UV2PTUV can be set to measure phase-to-
earth fundamental value, phase-to-phase fundamental value, phase-to-earth true RMS value or
phase-to-phase true RMS value, and compares it against the set values, U1< and U2<. The voltage-
related settings are made in percentage of the base voltage which is set in kV phase-to-phase
voltage. This means operation for phase-to-earth voltage under:
UBase(kV )
U (%) ·
3
EQUATION1429 V3 EN-US (Equation 23)
The time delay for the two steps can be either definite time delay (DT) or inverse time delay (IDMT).
For the inverse time delay three different modes are available:
• inverse curve A
• inverse curve B
• customer programmable inverse curve
k
t=
æ Un < -U ö
ç ÷
è Un < ø
EQUATION1431 V2 EN-US (Equation 25)
where:
Un< Set value for step 1 and step 2
U Measured voltage
k × 480
t= 2.0
+ 0.055
æ Un < - U ö
ç 32 × - 0.5 ÷
è Un < ø
EQUATION1432 V2 EN-US (Equation 26)
é ù
ê ú
ê k×A ú
t=ê pú
+D
ê æ Un < - U ö ú
êçB × -C÷ ú
ëè Un < ø û
EQUATION1433 V2 EN-US (Equation 27)
When the denominator in the expression is equal to zero the time delay will be infinity. There will be
an undesired discontinuity. Therefore a tuning parameter CrvSatn is set to compensate for this
phenomenon. In the voltage interval Un< down to Un< · (1.0 – CrvSatn/100) the used voltage will be:
Un< · (1.0 – CrvSatn/100). If the programmable curve is used this parameter must be calculated so
that:
CrvSatn
B× -C > 0
100
EQUATION1435 V1 EN-US (Equation 28)
The lowest voltage is always used for the inverse time delay integration. The details of the different
inverse time characteristics are shown in section "Inverse characteristics".
Voltage
UL1
UL2
UL3
IDMT Voltage
Time
IEC12000186-1-en.vsd
IEC12000186 V1 EN-US
Figure 68: Voltage used for the inverse time characteristic integration
Trip signal issuing requires that the undervoltage condition continues for at least the user set time
delay. This time delay is set by the parameter t1 and t2 for definite time mode (DT) and by some
special voltage level dependent time curves for the inverse time mode (IDMT). If the start condition,
with respect to the measured voltage, ceases during the delay time, and is not fulfilled again within a
user-defined reset time (tReset1 and tReset2 for the definite time and tIReset1 and tIReset2 pickup
for the inverse time) the corresponding start output is reset. After leaving the hysteresis area, the
start condition must be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient for the signal to only return back to the
hysteresis area. For the undervoltage function the IDMT reset time is constant and does not depend
on the voltage fluctuations during the drop-off period. However, there are three ways to reset the
timer: the timer is reset instantaneously, the timer value is frozen during the reset time, or the timer
value is linearly decreased during the reset time. See figure 69 and figure 70.
tIReset1
Voltage Measured
START Voltage
HystAbs1
TRIP
U1<
Time
START
TRIP
Time
Integrator Frozen Timer
Time
Linearly
Instantaneous
decreased IEC05000010-5-en.vsdx
IEC05000010 V5 EN-US
Figure 69: Voltage profile not causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay at
different reset types
tIReset1
Voltage
START
START
HystAbs1 Measured Voltage
TRIP
U1<
Time
START t
TRIP
Time
Integrator Frozen Timer
Time
Instantaneous Linearly decreased
IEC05000011-en-4.vsdx
IEC05000011 V4 EN-US
Figure 70: Voltage profile causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay at different
reset types
Definite timer delay
When definite time delay is selected the function will operate as shown in figure 71. Detailed
information about individual stage reset/operation behavior is shown in figure 72 and figure 73
respectively. Note that by setting tResetn = 0.0s, instantaneous reset of the definite time delayed
stage is ensured.
ST1
U t1
a tReset1
TR1
t
a<b t
U1< R
b
AND
IEC09000785-3-en.vsd
IEC09000785 V3 EN-US
U1<
ST1
TR1
tReset1
t1
IEC10000039-3-en.vsd
IEC10000039 V3 EN-US
U1<
ST1
TR1
tReset1
t1
IEC10000040-3-en.vsd
IEC10000040 V3 EN-US
It is possible to block Two step undervoltage protection UV2PTUV partially or completely, by binary
input signals or by parameter settings, where:
If the measured voltage level decreases below the setting of IntBlkStVal1, either the trip output of
step 1, or both the trip and the START outputs of step 1, are blocked. The characteristic of the
blocking is set by the IntBlkSel1 parameter. This internal blocking can also be set to Off resulting in
no voltage based blocking. Corresponding settings and functionality are valid also for step 2.
In case of disconnection of the high voltage component the measured voltage will get very low. The
event will START both the under voltage function and the blocking function, as seen in figure 74. The
delay of the blocking function must be set less than the time delay of under voltage function.
U Disconnection
Normal voltage
U1<
U2<
tBlkUV1 <
t1,t1Min
IntBlkStVal1
tBlkUV2 <
t2,t2Min
IntBlkStVal2
Time
Block step 1
Block step 2
en05000466.vsd
IEC05000466 V1 EN-US
The voltage measuring elements continuously measure the three phase-to-neutral voltages or the
three phase-to-phase voltages. Recursive fourier filters or true RMS filters of input voltage signals
are used. The voltages are individually compared to the set value, and the lowest voltage is used for
the inverse time characteristic integration. A special logic is included to achieve the 1 out of 3, 2 out
of 3 and 3 out of 3 criteria to fulfill the START condition. The design of Two step undervoltage
protection UV2PTUV is schematically shown in Figure 75.
Step 1 TR1L2
Time integrator TRIP
MinVoltSelector tIReset1
ResetTypeCrv1 TR1L3
TR1
OR
Comparator ST2L1
UL1 < U2< Voltage Phase Phase 1
Selector
OpMode2 ST2L2
Comparator Phase 2
UL2 < U2< 1 out of 3
2 out of 3 Start t2 ST2L3
3 out of 3 Phase 3 t2Reset
Comparator IntBlkStVal2 &
UL3 < U2< Trip ST2
Output OR
Logic
START TR2L1
Step 2
TR2L2
Time integrator TRIP
MinVoltSelector tIReset2
ResetTypeCrv2 TR2L3
TR2
OR
START
OR
TRIP
OR
IEC05000834-2-en.vsd
IEC05000834 V2 EN-US
M13290-1 v16
8.2.1 Identification
M17002-1 v8
3U>
SYMBOL-C-2U-SMALLER-THAN V2 EN-US
Overvoltages may occur in the power system during abnormal conditions such as sudden power
loss, tap changer regulating failures, and open line ends on long lines.
Two step overvoltage protection (OV2PTOV) function can be used to detect open line ends, normally
then combined with a directional reactive over-power function to supervise the system voltage. When
triggered, the function will cause an alarm, switch in reactors, or switch out capacitor banks.
OV2PTOV has a high reset ratio to allow settings close to system service voltage.
OV2PTOV
U3P* TRIP
BLOCK TR1
BLKTR1 TR1L1
BLKST1 TR1L2
BLKTR2 TR1L3
BLKST2 TR2
TR2L1
TR2L2
TR2L3
START
ST1
ST1L1
ST1L2
ST1L3
ST2
ST2L1
ST2L2
ST2L3
IEC06000277-2-en.vsd
IEC06000277 V2 EN-US
8.2.4 Signals
PID-3535-INPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3535-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
8.2.5 Settings
PID-3535-SETTINGS v7
Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV is used to detect high power system voltage. OV2PTOV
has two steps with separate time delays. If one-, two- or three-phase voltages increase above the set
value, a corresponding START signal is issued. OV2PTOV can be set to START/TRIP, based on 1
out of 3, 2 out of 3 or 3 out of 3 of the measured voltages, being above the set point. If the voltage
remains above the set value for a time period corresponding to the chosen time delay, the
corresponding trip signal is issued.
The time delay characteristic is individually chosen for the two steps, and can be either definite time
or inverse time delayed.
The voltage related settings are made in percent of the global set base voltage UBase, which is set
in kV, phase-to-phase.
The setting of the analog inputs are given as primary phase-to-earth or phase-to-phase voltage.
OV2PTOV will operate if the voltage gets higher than the set percentage of the set base voltage
UBase. This means operation for phase-to-earth voltage over:
All the three voltages are measured continuously, and compared with the set values, U1> for Step 1
and U2> for Step 2. The parameters OpMode1 and OpMode2 influence the requirements to activate
the START outputs. Either 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3 or 3 out of 3 measured voltages have to be higher
than the corresponding set point to issue the corresponding START signal.
The time delay for the two steps can be either definite time delay (DT) or inverse time delay (IDMT).
For the inverse time delay four different modes are available:
• inverse curve A
• inverse curve B
• inverse curve C
• customer programmable inverse curve
k
t=
æ U - Un > ö
ç ÷
è Un > ø
IECEQUATION2422 V1 EN-US (Equation 31)
where:
Un> Set value for step 1 and step 2
U Measured voltage
k 480
t 2.0
0.035
U Un
32 0.5
U n
k × 480
t= 3.0
+ 0.035
æ U - Un > ö
ç 32 × - 0.5 ÷
è U n > ø
IECEQUATION2425 V1 EN-US (Equation 33)
The customer programmable curve is defined by the below equation, where A, B, C, D, k and p are
settings:
k×A
t= p
+D
æ U -Un > ö
çB× -C÷
è Un > ø
EQUATION1439 V2 EN-US (Equation 34)
When the denominator in the expression is equal to zero the time delay will be infinity. There will be
an undesired discontinuity. Therefore, a tuning parameter CrvSatn is set to compensate for this
phenomenon. In the voltage interval Un> up to Un> · (1.0 + CrvSatn/100) the used voltage will be:
Un> · (1.0 + CrvSatn/100). If the programmable curve is used this parameter must be calculated so
that:
CrvSatn
B× -C > 0
100
EQUATION1435 V1 EN-US (Equation 35)
The highest phase (or phase-to-phase) voltage is always used for the inverse time delay integration,
see figure 77. The details of the different inverse time characteristics are shown in section "Inverse
characteristics".
Voltage
IDMT Voltage
UL1
UL2
UL3
Time
IEC05000016-2-en.vsd
IEC05000016 V2 EN-US
Figure 77: Voltage used for the inverse time characteristic integration
Operation of the trip signal requires that the overvoltage condition continues for at least the user set
time delay. This time delay is set by the parameter t1 and t2 for definite time mode (DT) and by
selected voltage level dependent time curves for the inverse time mode (IDMT). If the START
condition, with respect to the measured voltage ceases during the delay time, and is not fulfilled
again within a user defined reset time (tReset1 and tReset2 for the definite time and tIReset1 and
tIReset2 for the inverse time) the corresponding START output is reset, after that the defined reset
time has elapsed. Here it should be noted that after leaving the hysteresis area, the START condition
must be fulfilled again and it is not sufficient for the signal to only return back to the hysteresis area.
The hysteresis value for each step is settable HystAbsn (where n means either 1 or 2 respectively) to
allow a high and accurate reset of the function. For OV2PTOV the IDMT reset time is constant and
does not depend on the voltage fluctuations during the drop-off period. However, there are three
ways to reset the timer: either the timer is reset instantaneously, or the timer value is frozen during
the reset time, or the timer value is linearly decreased during the reset time.
tIReset1
Voltage
START
TRIP
U1>
HystAbs1 Measured
Voltage
Time
START t
TRIP
Time
Integrator Linearly decreased
Frozen Timer
t
Instantaneous Time
IEC09000055‐3‐en.vsdx
IEC09000055 V3 EN-US
Figure 78: Voltage profile not causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay at
different reset types
tIReset1
Voltage
START TRIP
START HystAbs1
U1>
Measured
Voltage
Time
START t
TRIP
Time
Integrator Frozen Timer
Time
Linearly
Instantaneous decreased
IEC05000020‐4‐en.vsdx
IEC05000020 V4 EN-US
Figure 79: Voltage profile causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay at different
reset types
Definite time delay
When definite time delay is selected, the function will operate as shown in figure 80. Detailed
information about individual stage reset/operation behavior is shown in figure 81 and figure 82
respectively. Note that by setting tResetn = 0.0s (where n means either 1 or 2 respectively),
instantaneous reset of the definite time delayed stage is ensured.
ST1
U tReset1 t1
a
a>b t t
TR1
U1>
b AND
OFF ON
Delay Delay
IEC10000100-2-en.vsd
IEC10000100 V2 EN-US
Figure 80: Logic diagram for step 1, definite time delay, DT operation
U1>
START
TRIP
tReset1
t1
IEC10000037-2-en.vsd
IEC10000037 V2 EN-US
Figure 81: Example for step 1, Definite Time Delay stage 1 reset
U1>
START
TRIP
tReset1
t1
IEC10000038-2-en.vsd
IEC10000038 V2 EN-US
It is possible to block Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV partially or completely, by binary
input signals where:
The voltage measuring elements continuously measure the three phase-to-earth voltages or the
three phase-to-phase voltages. Recursive Fourier filters or true RMS filters of input voltage signals
are used. The phase voltages are individually compared to the set value, and the highest voltage is
used for the inverse time characteristic integration. A special logic is included to achieve the 1 out of
3, 2 out of 3 or 3 out of 3 criteria to fulfill the START condition. The design of Two step overvoltage
protection (OV2PTOV) is schematically described in figure 83.
OR TR1
Comparator ST2L1
UL1 > U2> Phase 1
Voltage Phase
Selector ST2L2
Comparator OpMode2 Phase 2
UL2 > U2> 1 out of 3
Start ST2L3
2 out of 3
Phase 3 t2
3 out of 3
Comparator t2Reset
UL3 > U2> & ST2
OR
Trip
START Output TR2L1
Logic
TR2
OR
START
OR
TRIP
OR
IEC05000013-2-en.vsd
IEC05000013-WMF V2 EN-US
M13304-1 v15
8.3.2 Identification
SEMOD54295-2 v6
IEC15000108 V1 EN-US
Residual voltages may occur in the power system during earth faults.
Two step residual overvoltage protection (ROV2PTOV) function calculates the residual voltage from
the three-phase voltage input transformers or measures it from a single voltage input transformer fed
from an open delta or neutral point voltage transformer.
ROV2PTOV
U3P* TRIP
BLOCK TR1
BLKTR1 TR2
BLKST1 START
BLKTR2 ST1
BLKST2 ST2
IEC06000278-2-en.vsd
IEC06000278 V2 EN-US
8.3.5 Signals
PID-7438-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7438-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
8.3.6 Settings
PID-7438-SETTINGS v1
Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV is used to detect a high residual voltage. The
residual voltage can be measured directly from a voltage transformer in the neutral of a power
transformer or from a three-phase voltage transformer, where the secondary windings are connected
in an open delta. Another possibility is to measure the three phase-to-earth voltages, and calculate
the corresponding residual voltage internally in the IED. ROV2PTOV has two steps with separate
time delays. If the residual voltage remains above the set value for a time period corresponding to
the chosen time delay, the corresponding TRIP signal is issued.
The time delay characteristic is individually chosen for the two steps and can be either definite time
delay or inverse time delay.
The voltage-related settings are made in percent of the base voltage, which is set in kV, phase-
phase. The set UBase value is divided by sqrt(3) before the set value is calculated.
The residual voltage is measured continuously, and compared with the set values, U1> and U2>.
To avoid oscillations of the output START signal, a settable hysteresis has been included.
The time delay for the two steps can be either definite time delay (DT) or inverse time delay (IDMT).
For the inverse time delay four different modes are available:
• inverse curve A
• inverse curve B
• inverse curve C
• customer programmable inverse curve
k
t=
æ U - Un > ö
ç ÷
è Un > ø
IECEQUATION2422 V1 EN-US (Equation 36)
where:
Un> Set value for step 1 and step 2
U Measured voltage
k 480
t 2.0
0.035
U Un
32 0.5
Un
k × 480
t= 3.0
+ 0.035
æ U - Un > ö
ç 32 × - 0.5 ÷
è U > ø
IECEQUATION2421 V1 EN-US (Equation 38)
k×A
t= p
+D
æ U -Un > ö
çB× -C÷
è Un > ø
EQUATION1439 V2 EN-US (Equation 39)
When the denominator in the expression is equal to zero, the time delay will be infinite. There will be
an undesired discontinuity. Therefore a tuning parameter CrvSatn is set to compensate for this
phenomenon. In the voltage interval Un> up to Un> · (1.0 + CrvSatn/100) the used voltage will be:
Un> · (1.0 + CrvSatn/100). If the programmable curve is used this parameter must be calculated so
that:
CrvSatn
B× -C > 0
100
EQUATION1440 V1 EN-US (Equation 40)
The details of the different inverse time characteristics are shown in section "Inverse characteristics".
TRIP signal issuing requires that the residual overvoltage condition continues for at least the user set
time delay. This time delay is set by the parameter t1 and t2 for definite time mode (DT) and by some
special voltage level dependent time curves for the inverse time mode (IDMT).
If the START condition, with respect to the measured voltage ceases during the delay time, and is
not fulfilled again within a user defined reset time (tReset1 and tReset2 for the definite time and
tIReset1 and tIReset2 for the inverse time) the corresponding START output is reset, after the
defined reset time has elapsed.
Here it should be noted that after leaving the hysteresis area, the START condition must be fulfilled
again and it is not sufficient for the signal to only return back to the hysteresis area. Also, notice that
for the overvoltage function, IDMT reset time is constant and does not depend on the voltage
fluctuations during the drop-off period.
There are three ways to reset the timer: the timer is reset instantaneously, the timer value is frozen
during the reset time, or the timer value is linearly decreased during the reset time. See figure 85 and
figure 86.
tIReset1
Voltage
START
TRIP
U1>
HystAbs1 Measured
Voltage
Time
START t
TRIP
Time
Integrator Linearly decreased
Frozen Timer
t
Instantaneous Time
IEC09000055‐3‐en.vsdx
IEC09000055 V3 EN-US
Figure 85: Voltage profile not causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
tIReset1
Voltage
START TRIP
START HystAbs1
U1>
Measured
Voltage
Time
START t
TRIP
Time
Integrator Frozen Timer
Time
Linearly
Instantaneous decreased
IEC05000020‐4‐en.vsdx
IEC05000020 V4 EN-US
Figure 86: Voltage profile causing a reset of the START signal for step 1, and inverse time delay
Definite time delay
When definite time delay is selected, the function will operate as shown in figure 87. Detailed
information about individual stage reset/operation behavior is shown in figure 88 and figure 89
respectively. Note that by setting tResetn = 0.0s, instantaneous reset of the definite time delayed
stage is ensured.
ST1
U tReset1 t1
a
a>b t t
TR1
U1>
b AND
OFF ON
Delay Delay
IEC10000100-2-en.vsd
IEC10000100 V2 EN-US
Figure 87: Logic diagram for step 1, Definite time delay, DT operation
U1<
ST1
TR1
tReset1
t1
IEC10000039-3-en.vsd
IEC10000039 V3 EN-US
U1<
ST1
TR1
tReset1
t1
IEC10000040-3-en.vsd
IEC10000040 V3 EN-US
It is possible to block two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV partially or completely by
binary input signals where:
The voltage measuring elements continuously measure the residual voltage. Recursive Fourier filters
filter the input voltage signal for the rated frequency. The residual voltage is compared to the set
value, and is also used for the inverse time characteristic integration. The design of the function is
schematically described in figure 90.
ST2
Comparator Phase 1
UN > U2> TR2
Start
t2
START tReset2
& START
Trip OR
Time integrator Output
TRIP Logic
tIReset2
ResetTypeCrv2 TRIP
Step 2 OR
IEC05000748_2_en.vsd
IEC05000748 V2 EN-US
Figure 90: Schematic design of Two step residual overvoltage protection ROV2PTOV
(0.000-60.000) s
Operate time, start at 0 to 2 x Uset Min. = 15 ms -
Max. = 30 ms
Reset time, start at 2 x Uset to 0 Min. = 15 ms -
Max. = 30 ms
Operate time, start at 0 to 1.2 x Uset Min. = 20 ms -
Max. = 35 ms
Reset time, start at 1.2 x Uset to 0 Min. = 5 ms -
Max. = 25 ms
Critical impulse time 10 ms typically at 0 to 2 x U set -
9.1.1 Identification
M14869-1 v4
The aim of the fuse failure supervision function (FUFSPVC) is to block voltage measuring functions
at failures in the secondary circuits between the voltage transformer and the IED in order to avoid
inadvertent operations that otherwise might occur.
The fuse failure supervision function basically has three different detection methods, negative
sequence and zero sequence based detection and an additional delta voltage and delta current
detection.
A criterion based on delta current and delta voltage measurements can be added to the fuse failure
supervision function in order to detect a three phase fuse failure, which in practice is more associated
with voltage transformer switching during station operations.
FUFSPVC
I3P* BLKZ
U3P* BLKU
BLOCK 3PH
CBCLOSED DLD1PH
MCBOP DLD3PH
DISCPOS STDI
BLKTRIP STDIL1
STDIL2
STDIL3
STDU
STDUL1
STDUL2
STDUL3
IEC14000065-1-en.vsd
IEC14000065 V1 EN-US
9.1.4 Signals
PID-3492-INPUTSIGNALS v9
PID-3492-OUTPUTSIGNALS v9
9.1.5 Settings
PID-3492-SETTINGS v9
The zero and negative sequence function continuously measures the currents and voltages in all
three phases and calculates, see figure 92:
The measured signals are compared with their respective set values 3U0> and 3I0<, 3U2> and 3I2<.
The function enable the internal signal FuseFailDetZeroSeq if the measured zero-sequence voltage
is higher than the set value 3U0> and the measured zero-sequence current is below the set value
3I0<.
The function enable the internal signal FuseFailDetNegSeq if the measured negative sequence
voltage is higher than the set value 3U2> and the measured negative sequence current is below the
set value 3I2<.
A drop out delay of 100 ms for the measured zero-sequence and negative sequence current will
prevent a false fuse failure detection at un-equal breaker opening at the two line ends.
Sequence Detection
3I0< CurrZeroSeq
IL1
Zero 3I0
sequence
filter 100 ms CurrNegSeq
a
IL2 a>b t
b
Negative 3I2
sequence
IL3 filter FuseFailDetZeroSeq
AND
100 ms
a
a>b t
3I2< b
FuseFailDetNegSeq
AND
3U0>
VoltZeroSeq
UL1
Zero
sequence a 3U0
a>b
b
filter
UL2 VoltNegSeq
Negative
sequence a 3U2
a>b
UL3 filter b
3U2>
IEC10000036-2-en.vsd
IEC10000036 V2 EN-US
The input BLOCK signal is a general purpose blocking signal of the fuse failure supervision function.
It can be connected to a binary input of the IED in order to receive a block command from external
devices or can be software connected to other internal functions of the IED itself in order to receive a
block command from internal functions. Through OR gate it can be connected to both binary inputs
and internal function outputs.
The input BLKTRIP is intended to be connected to the trip output from any of the protection functions
included in the IED. When activated for more than 20 ms, the operation of the fuse failure is blocked;
a fixed drop-out timer prolongs the block for 100 ms. The aim is to increase the security against
unwanted operations during the opening of the breaker, which might cause unbalance conditions for
which the fuse failure might operate.
The output signal BLKZ will also be blocked if the internal dead line detection is activated. The dead
line detection signal has a 200 ms drop-out time delay.
The input signal MCBOP is supposed to be connected via a terminal binary input to the N.C. auxiliary
contact of the miniature circuit breaker protecting the VT secondary circuit. The MCBOP signal sets
the output signals BLKU and BLKZ in order to block all the voltage related functions when the MCB is
open independent of the setting of OpMode selector. The additional drop-out timer of 150 ms
prolongs the presence of MCBOP signal to prevent the unwanted operation of voltage dependent
function due to non simultaneous closing of the main contacts of the miniature circuit breaker.
The input signal DISCPOS is supposed to be connected via a terminal binary input to the N.C.
auxiliary contact of the line disconnector. The DISCPOS signal sets the output signal BLKU in order
to block the voltage related functions when the line disconnector is open. The impedance protection
function is not affected by the position of the line disconnector since there will be no line currents that
can cause malfunction of the distance protection. If DISCPOS=0 it signifies that the line is connected
to the system and when the DISCPOS=1 it signifies that the line is disconnected from the system
and the block signal BLKU is generated.
The output BLKU can be used for blocking the voltage related measuring functions (undervoltage
protection, energizing check and so on) except for the impedance protection.
The function output BLKZ shall be used for blocking the impedance protection function.
A simplified diagram for the functionality is found in figure 93. The calculation of the changes of
currents and voltages is based on a sample analysis algorithm. The calculated delta quantities are
compared with their respective set values DI< and DU>. The algorithm detects a fuse failure if a
sufficient change in voltage without a sufficient change in current is detected in each phase
separately. The following quantities are calculated in all three phases:
The internal FuseFailDetDUDI signal is activated if the following conditions are fulfilled:
• The magnitude of the phase-ground voltage has been above UPh> for more than 1.5 cycles (i.e.
30 ms in a 50 Hz system)
• The magnitudes of DU in three phases are higher than the corresponding setting DU>
• The magnitudes of DI in three phases are below the setting DI<
• The magnitude of voltages drop in all three phases
• The zero sequence voltage is smaller than 3U0>
In addition to the above conditions, at least one of the following conditions shall be fulfilled in order to
activate the internal FuseFailDetDUDI signal:
• The magnitude of the phase currents in three phases are higher than the setting IPh>
• The circuit breaker is closed (CBCLOSED = True)
The first criterion means that detection of failure in three phases together with high current for the
three phases will set the output. The measured phase current is used to reduce the risk of false fuse
failure detection. If the current on the protected line is low, a voltage drop in the system (not caused
by fuse failure) may be followed by current change lower than the setting DI<, and therefore a false
fuse failure might occur.
The second criterion requires that the delta condition shall be fulfilled at the same time as circuit
breaker is closed. If CBCLOSED input is connected to FALSE , then only the first criterion can enable
the delta function. If the DUDI detections of three phases set the internal signal FuseFailDetDUDI at
the level high, then the signal FuseFailDetDUDI will remain high as long as the voltages of three
phases are lower then the setting Uph>.
In addition to fuse failure detection, two internal signals DeltaU and DeltaI are also generated by the
delta current and delta voltage DUDI detection algorithm. The internal signals DelatU and DeltaI are
activated when a sudden change of voltage, or respectively current, is detected. The detection of the
sudden change is based on a sample analysis algorithm. In particular DelatU is activated if at least
three consecutive voltage samples are higher then the setting DU>. In a similar way DelatI is
activated if at least three consecutive current samples are higher then the setting DI<. When DeltaU
or DeltaI are active, the output signals STDUL1, STDUL2, STDUL3 and respectively STDIL1,
STDIL2, STDIL3, based on a sudden change of voltage or current detection, are activated with a 20
ms time off delay. The common start output signals STDU or STDI are activated with a 60 ms time off
delay, if any sudden change of voltage or current is detected.
The delta function (except the sudden change of voltage and current detection) is
deactivated by setting the parameter OpDUDI to Off.
DUDI Detection
DUDI detection Phase 1
DeltaIL1
IL1
IL2
IL3 DI detection based on sample analysis OR
DI<
UL1
IL1 DeltaIL2
IL2 DUDI detection Phase 2
DeltaUL2
IL3
UL2 Same logic as for phase 1
IL1 DeltaIL3
DUDI detection Phase 3
IL2
DeltaUL3
IL3
UL3 Same logic as for phase 1
UL1
a
a<b
b
IL1
a
a>b
IPh> b AND
OR AND
CBCLOSED AND OR
UL2
a
a<b
b
IL2
a
a>b
b AND
OR AND
AND OR
UL3
a
a<b
b
IL3
a
a>b
b AND
OR AND
AND OR FuseFailDetDUDI
AND
IEC12000166-3-en.vsd
IEC12000166 V3 EN-US
Figure 93: Simplified logic diagram for the DU/DI detection part
intBlock
STDI
AND
20 ms
DeltaIL1 STDIL1
t AND
OR
20 ms
DeltaIL2
t STDIL2
AND
20 ms
DeltaIL3
t
STDIL3
AND
STDU
AND
20 ms
DeltaUL1 STDUL1
t AND
OR
20 ms
DeltaUL2
t STDUL2
AND
20 ms
DeltaUL3
t
STDUL3
AND
IEC12000165-1-en.vsd
IEC12000165 V1 EN-US
Figure 94: Internal signals DeltaU or DeltaI and the corresponding output signals
A simplified diagram for the functionality is found in figure 95. A dead phase condition is indicated if
both the voltage and the current in one phase is below their respective setting values UDLD< and
IDLD<. If at least one phase is considered to be dead the output DLD1PH and the internal signal
DeadLineDet1Ph is activated. If all three phases are considered to be dead the output DLD3PH is
activated
IL3
a
a<b
b
IDLD<
DeadLineDet1Ph
UL1
a AND
a<b
b OR DLD1PH
AND
UL2
a AND
a<b
b
AND DLD3PH
UL3 AND
a AND
a<b
b
UDLD<
intBlock
IEC10000035-1-en.vsd
IEC10000035 V2 EN-US
Figure 95: Simplified logic diagram for Dead Line detection part
A simplified diagram for the functionality is found in figure 96. The fuse failure supervision function
(FUFSPVC) can be switched on or off by the setting parameter Operation to On or Off.
For increased flexibility and adaptation to system requirements an operation mode selector, OpMode,
has been introduced to make it possible to select different operating modes for the negative and zero
sequence based algorithms. The different operation modes are:
The delta function can be activated by setting the parameter OpDUDI to On. When selected it
operates in parallel with the sequence based algorithms.
If the fuse failure situation is present for more than 5 seconds and the setting parameter SealIn is set
to On it will be sealed in as long as at least one phase voltages is below the set value USealIn<. This
will keep the BLKU and BLKZ signals activated as long as any phase voltage is below the set value
USealIn<. If all three phase voltages drop below the set value USealIn< and the setting parameter
SealIn is set to On the output signal 3PH will also be activated. The signals 3PH, BLKU and BLKZ
will now be active as long as any phase voltage is below the set value USealIn<.
If SealIn is set to On the fuse failure condition lasting more then 5 seconds is stored in the non-
volatile memory in the IED. At start-up of the IED (due to auxiliary power interruption or re-start due
to configuration change) it uses the stored value in its non-volatile memory and re-establishes the
conditions that were present before the shut down. All phase voltages must be restored above
USealIn< before fuse failure is de-activated and resets the signals BLKU, BLKZ and 3PH.
The output signal BLKU will also be active if all phase voltages have been above the setting
USealIn< for more than 60 seconds, the zero or negative sequence voltage has been above the set
value 3U0> and 3U2> for more than 5 seconds, all phase currents are below the setting IDLD<
(criteria for open phase detection) and the circuit breaker is closed (input CBCLOSED is activated).
If a MCB is used then the input signal MCBOP is to be connected via a binary input to the N.C.
auxiliary contact of the miniature circuit breaker protecting the VT secondary circuit. The MCBOP
signal sets the output signals BLKU and BLKZ in order to block all the voltage related functions when
the MCB is open independent of the setting of OpMode or OpDUDI. An additional drop-out timer of
150 ms prolongs the presence of MCBOP signal to prevent the unwanted operation of voltage
dependent function due to non simultaneous closing of the main contacts of the miniature circuit
breaker.
The input signal DISCPOS is supposed to be connected via a terminal binary input to the N.C.
auxiliary contact of the line disconnector. The DISCPOS signal sets the output signal BLKU in order
to block the voltage related functions when the line disconnector is open. The impedance protection
function does not have to be affected since there will be no line currents that can cause malfunction
of the distance protection.
TEST ACTIVE
AND
BlocFuse = Yes
BLOCK intBlock
OR
BLKTRIP 20 ms 100 ms
AND t t
FusefailStarted
AND
Any UL < UsealIn<
FuseFailDetDUDI
AND 5s
OpDUDI = On
OR t
FuseFailDetZeroSeq
AND
AND
FuseFailDetNegSeq
AND
UNsINs OR
UZsIZs OR
UZsIZs OR UNsINs
OpMode
UZsIZs AND UNsINs
OptimZsNs
OR
CurrZeroSeq
a AND
CurrNegSeq a>b
b
AND
DeadLineDet1Ph 200 ms
AND BLKZ
t OR AND
150 ms
MCBOP t
AND BLKU
60 s
t OR OR
All UL > UsealIn<
AND
VoltZeroSeq 5s
VoltNegSeq OR t
AllCurrLow
CBCLOSED
DISCPOS IEC10000033-2-en.vsd
IEC10000033 V2 EN-US
Figure 96: Simplified logic diagram for fuse failure supervision function, Main logic
Section 10 Control
10.1 Interlocking IP15572-1 v2
10.1.1.1 Identification
GUID-3EC5D7F1-FDA0-4F0E-9391-08D357689E0C v3
The Logical node for interlocking SCILO function is used to enable a switching operation if the
interlocking conditions permit. SCILO function itself does not provide any interlocking functionality.
The interlocking conditions are generated in separate function blocks containing the interlocking
logic.
SCILO
POSOPEN EN_OPEN
POSCLOSE EN_CLOSE
OPEN_EN
CLOSE_EN
IEC05000359-2-en.vsd
IEC05000359 V2 EN-US
10.1.1.4 Signals
PID-3487-INPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3487-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
The function contains logic to enable the open and close commands respectively if the interlocking
conditions are fulfilled. That means also, if the switch has a defined end position for example, open,
then the appropriate enable signal (in this case EN_OPEN) is false. The enable signals EN_OPEN
and EN_CLOSE can be true at the same time only in the intermediate and bad position state and if
they are enabled by the interlocking function. The position inputs come from the logical nodes Circuit
breaker/Circuit switch (SXCBR/SXSWI) and the enable signals come from the interlocking logic. The
outputs are connected to the logical node Switch controller (SCSWI). One instance per switching
device is needed.
POSOPEN SCILO
POSCLOSE =1 1
EN_OPEN
&
>1
&
OPEN_EN
CLOSE_EN & EN_CLOSE
>1
&
en04000525.vsd
IEC04000525 V1 EN-US
The apparatus control functions are used for control and supervision of circuit breakers,
disconnectors and earthing switches within a bay. Permission to operate is given after evaluation of
conditions from other functions such as interlocking, synchrocheck, operator place selection and
external or internal blockings.
The apparatus control function apparatuses is used for control and supervision of circuit breakers,
disconnectors and earthing switches within a bay. Permission to operate is given after evaluation of
conditions from other functions such as interlocking, synchrocheck, operator place selection and
external or internal blockings.
In normal security, the command is processed and the resulting position is not supervised. However
with enhanced security, the command is processed and the resulting position is supervised.
Normal security means that only the command is evaluated and the resulting position is not
supervised. Enhanced security means that the command is evaluated with an additional supervision
of the status value of the control object. The command sequence with enhanced security is always
terminated by a CommandTermination service primitive and an AddCause telling if the command was
successful or if something went wrong.
Control operation can be performed from the local HMI with authority control if so defined.
The switch controller SCSWI initializes and supervises all functions to properly select and operate
switching primary apparatuses. Each of the 10 switch controllers SCSWI may handle and operate on
one three-phase apparatus.
Each of the 3 circuit breaker controllers SXCBR provides the actual position status and pass the
commands to the primary circuit breaker and supervises the switching operation and positions.
Each of the 9 circuit switch controllers SXSWI provides the actual position status and pass the
commands to the primary disconnectors and earthing switches and supervises the switching
operation and positions.
A bay can handle, for example a power line, a transformer, a reactor, or a capacitor bank. The
different primary apparatuses within the bay can be controlled via the apparatus control functions
directly by the operator or indirectly by automatic sequences.
Because a primary apparatus can be allocated to many functions within a Substation Automation
system, the object-oriented approach with a function block that handles the interaction and status of
each process object ensures consistency in the process information used by higher-level control
functions.
Primary apparatuses such as breakers and disconnectors are controlled and supervised by one
function block (SCSWI) each. Because the number and type of signals used for the control of a
breaker or a disconnector are almost the same, the same function block type is used to handle these
two types of apparatuses.
The SCSWI function block is connected to an SXCBR function block (for circuit breakers). The
physical process in the switchyard is connected to these two function blocks via binary inputs and
outputs.
Three types of function blocks are available to cover most of the control and supervision within the
bay. These function blocks are interconnected to form a control function reflecting the switchyard
configuration. The total number used depends on the switchyard configuration. These types are:
The functions Local Remote (LOCREM) and Local Remote Control (LOCREMCTRL), to handle the
local/remote switch, also belong to the apparatus control function.
The principles of operation, function blocks, input and output signals and setting parameters for all
these functions are described below.
Depending on the error that occurs during the command sequence the error signal will be set with a
value. Table 108 describes the cause values given on local HMI. The translation to AddCause
values specified in IEC 61850-8-1 is shown in Table 109. For IEC 61850-8-1 edition 2 only
addcauses defined in the standard are used, for edition 1 also a number of vendor specific causes
are used. The values are available in the command response to commands from IE C61850-8-1
clients. An output L_CAUSE on the function block for Switch controller (SCSWI) and Circuit breaker
(SXCBR) indicates the value of the cause during the latest command if the function specific
command evaluation has been started. The causes that are not always reflected on the output
L_CAUSE, with description of the typical reason are listed in table 110.
Table 109: Translation of cause values for IEC 61850 edition 2 and edition 1
The Bay control (QCBAY) function is used together with Local remote and local remote control
functions to handle the selection of the operator place per bay. QCBAY also provides blocking
functions that can be distributed to different apparatuses within the bay.
QCBAY
LR_OFF PSTO
LR_LOC UPD_BLKD
LR_REM CMD_BLKD
LR_VALID LOC
BL_UPD STA
BL_CMD REM
IEC10000048-3-en.vsdx
IEC10000048 V3 EN-US
10.2.4.3 Signals
PID-4086-INPUTSIGNALS v8
PID-4086-OUTPUTSIGNALS v8
10.2.4.4 Settings
PID-4086-SETTINGS v8
When the local panel switch (or LHMI selection, depending on the set source to select this) is in Off
position, all commands from remote and local level will be ignored. If the position for the local/remote
switch is not valid the PSTO output will always be set to faulty state (3), which means no possibility to
operate.
To adapt the signals from the local HMI or from an external local/remote switch, the function blocks
LOCREM and LOCREMCTRL are needed and connected to QCBAY.
When the external switch is in Off position, or invalid position, the output always shows the actual
state of the switch (0 for Off and 3 for Invalid). In these cases, it is not possible to control anything,
and the setting AllPSTOValid has no effect on the PSTO output.
If the setting AllPSTOValid is set to No Priority and the LR-switch position is in Local or Remote
state, the PSTO output is set to 5 (all), that is, it is permitted to operate from local, station and remote
level without any priority.
If the setting RemoteIncStation is set to Yes and the LR-switch position is in Remote state, the PSTO
output is set to 2 (Station or Remote), that is, it is permitted to operate from both station and remote
level without any priority.
If the LR-switch position is in Remote state, and AllPSTOValid is set to Priority and RemoteIncStation
is set to No, the switching between station and remote level control is done through the command
LocSta. The command is accessible only through the IEC 61850 Edition 2 protocol.
Table 114: PSTO values for different Local panel switch positions
Blockings M13446-50 v6
The blocking states for position indications and commands are intended to provide the possibility for
the user to make common blockings for the functions configured within a complete bay.
The blocking facilities provided by the bay control function are the following:
• Blocking of position indications, BL_UPD. This input will block all inputs related to apparatus
positions for all configured functions within the bay.
• Blocking of commands, BL_CMD. This input will block all commands for all configured functions
within the bay.
The switching of the Local/Remote switch requires at least system operator level. The password will
be requested at an attempt to operate if authority levels have been defined in the IED, otherwise the
default authority level can handle the control without LogOn. The users and passwords are defined
with the IED Users tool in PCM600.
M17086-3 v11
The signals from the local HMI or from an external local/remote switch are connected via the function
blocks local remote (LOCREM) and local remote control (LOCREMCTRL) to the Bay control
(QCBAY) function block. The parameter ControlMode in function block LOCREM is set to choose if
the switch signals are coming from the local HMI or from an external hardware switch connected via
binary inputs.
LOCREM
CTRLOFF OFF
LOCCTRL LOCAL
REMCTRL REMOTE
LHMICTRL VALID
IEC05000360-3-en.vsdx
IEC05000360 V3 EN-US
LOCREMCTRL
^PSTO1 HMICTR1
^PSTO2 HMICTR2
^PSTO3 HMICTR3
^PSTO4 HMICTR4
^PSTO5 HMICTR5
^PSTO6 HMICTR6
^PSTO7 HMICTR7
^PSTO8 HMICTR8
^PSTO9 HMICTR9
^PSTO10 HMICTR10
^PSTO11 HMICTR11
^PSTO12 HMICTR12
IEC05000361-3-en.vsdx
IEC05000361 V3 EN-US
10.2.5.2 Signals
PID-3944-INPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3944-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3943-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3943-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
10.2.5.3 Settings
PID-3944-SETTINGS v7
PID-3943-SETTINGS v2
The function block Local remote (LOCREM) handles the signals coming from the local/remote switch.
The connections are seen in Figure 102, where the inputs on function block LOCREM are connected
to binary inputs if an external switch is used. When the local HMI is used, the inputs are not used.
The switching between external and local HMI source is done through the parameter ControlMode.
The outputs from the LOCREM function block control the output PSTO (Permitted Source To
Operate) on Bay control (QCBAY).
LOCREM QCBAY
CTRLOFF OFF LR_ OFF PSTO
LOCCTRL LOCAL LR_ LOC UPD_ BLKD
REMCTRL REMOTE LR_ REM CMD_ BLKD
LHMICTRL VALID LR_ VALID LOC
BL_ UPD STA
BL_ CMD REM
LOCREM QCBAY
CTRLOFF OFF LR_ OFF PSTO
LOCCTRL LOCAL LR_ LOC UPD_ BLKD
REMCTRL REMOTE LR_ REM CMD_ BLKD
LHMICTRL VALID LR_ VALID LOC
BL_ UPD STA
BL_ CMD REM
LOCREMCTRL
PSTO1 HMICTR1
PSTO2 HMICTR2
PSTO3 HMICTR3
PSTO4 HMICTR4
PSTO5 HMICTR5
PSTO6 HMICTR6
PSTO7 HMICTR7
PSTO8 HMICTR8
PSTO9 HMICTR9
PSTO 10 HMICTR 10
PSTO 11 HMICTR 11
PSTO 12 HMICTR 12
IEC10000052-1-en.vsd
IEC10000052 V2 EN-US
Figure 102: Configuration for the local/remote handling for a local HMI with two bays and two
screen pages
If the IED contains control functions for several bays, the local/remote position can be different for the
included bays. When the local HMI is used the position of the local/remote switch can be different
depending on which single line diagram screen page that is presented on the local HMI. The function
block Local remote control (LOCREMCTRL) controls the presentation of the LEDs for the local/
remote position to applicable bay and screen page.
The switching of the local/remote switch requires at least system operator level. The password will be
requested at an attempt to operate if authority levels have been defined in the IED. Otherwise the
default authority level, SuperUser, can handle the control without LogOn. The users and passwords
are defined with the IED Users tool in PCM600.
The Switch controller (SCSWI) initializes and supervises all functions to properly select and operate
switching primary apparatuses. The Switch controller may handle and operate on one multi-phase
device or up to three one-phase devices.
SCSWI
BLOCK EXE_OP
PSTO EXE_CL
L_SEL SEL_OP
L_OPEN SEL_CL
L_CLOSE SELECTED
AU_OPEN RES_RQ
AU_CLOSE START_SY
BL_CMD CANC_SY
RES_GRT POSITION
RES_EXT OPENP OS
SY_INPRO CLOSEPOS
SYNC_OK POLEDISC
EN_OPEN CMD_BLK
EN_CLOSE L_CAUSE
XPOSL1* POS_INTR
XPOSL2* XEXINF
XPOSL3*
IEC05000337-6-en.vsdx
IEC05000337 V6 EN-US
10.2.6.3 Signals
PID-7574-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-7574-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
GUID-7DABB496-EABE-48A4-8078-7ED5D6D4FE14 v3
AU_OPEN and AU_CLOSE are used to issue automated commands. They work
without regard to how the operator place selector, PSTO, is set. In order to have
effect on the outputs EXE_OP and EXE_CL, the corresponding enable input,
EN_OPEN respectively EN_CLOSE must be set, and that no interlocking is active.
L_SEL, L_OPEN and L_CLOSE are used for local command sequence connected to
binary inputs. In order to have effect, the operator place selector, PSTO, must be set
to local or to remote with no priority. If the control model used is Select before
operate, Also the corresponding enable input must be set, and no interlocking is
active. The L_SEL input must be set before L_OPEN or L_CLOSE is operated, if the
control model is Select before operate.
If one multi-phase XCBR or two single-phase XCBR is used for a two- or three-
phase system, two or more of the inputs XPOSL1, XPOSL2 and XPOSL3 are
connected to the same source.
10.2.6.4 Settings
PID-7574-SETTINGS v1
Reservation
Client SCSWI SXCBR
logic
select
SEL_CL = TRUE
RES_RQ = TRUE
tReservation
Response
tSelect
RES_GRT = TRUE
SELECTED = TRUE
selectAck/AddCause = 0
requestedPosition = 10
opRcvd = TRUE
EXE_CL
RES_RQ = FALSE
RES_GRT = FALSE
IEC16000083=1=en=Original.vsdx
IEC16000083 V1 EN-US
Figure 104: Example of command sequence for a successful close command when the control
model SBO with enhanced security is used
requestedPosition = 10
opRcvd = TRUE
RES_RQ
tReservation
Response
RES_GRT = TRUE
EXE_CL
operateAck/AddCause = 0 operateAck/AddCause = 0
RES_RQ = FALSE
RES_GRT = FALSE
IEC15000417-1-en.vsdx
IEC15000417 V1 EN-US
Figure 105: Example of command sequence for a successful close command when the control
model direct with normal security is used
Normal security means that only the command is evaluated and the resulting position is not
supervised. Enhanced security means that the command sequence is supervised in three steps, the
selection, command evaluation and the supervision of position. Each step ends up with a pulsed
signal to indicate that the respective step in the command sequence is finished. If an error occurs in
one of the steps in the command sequence, the sequence is terminated. The last error (L_CAUSE)
can be read from the function block and used for example at commissioning.
Before an execution command, an evaluation of the position is done. If the parameter PosDependent
is set to Not perm 00/11 or Not perm cPos/00/11, and the position is in intermediate state or in bad
state, the command is rejected with the cause Invalid-position. If the parameter is set to Not perm
cPos or Not perm cPos/00/11 and the command is to move to the current position, the command is
rejected with the cause Position-reached. If the parameter is set to Always permitted the execution
command is sent independent of the position value.
In the case when there are two or more one-phase switches connected to the switch control function,
the switch control will "merge" the position of the switches to the resulting multi-phase position. In the
case when the position differ between the one-phase switches, following principles will be applied:
The time stamp of the output multi-phase position from switch control will have the time stamp of the
last changed phase when it reaches the end position. When it goes to intermediate position or bad
state, it will get the time stamp of the first changed phase.
In addition, there is also the possibility that one of the one-phase switches will change position at any
time due to a trip. Such situation is here called pole discordance and is supervised by this function. In
case of a pole discordance situation, that is, the positions of the one-phase switches are not equal for
a time longer than the setting tPoleDiscord, an error signal POLEDISC will be set.
In the supervision phase, the switch controller function evaluates the "cause" values from the switch
module circuit breaker (SXCBR). At error the "cause" value with highest priority is shown.
The different block conditions will only affect the operation of this function, that is, no
blocking signals will be "forwarded" to other functions. The above blocking outputs
are stored in a non-volatile memory.
When there is no positive confirmation from the synchrocheck function, SCSWI will send a start
signal START_SY to the synchronizing function, which will send the closing command to SXCBR
when the synchronizing conditions are fulfilled, see Figure 106. If no synchronizing function is
included, the timer for supervision of the "synchronizing in progress signal" is set to 0, which means
no start of the synchronizing function. SCSWI will then set the attribute "blocked-by-synchrocheck" in
the "cause" signal. See also the time diagram in Figure 110.
SCSWI SXCBR
EXE_CL
OR CLOSE
SYNC_OK
START_SY
CANC_SY
SY_INPRO
SESRSYN
CLOSECB
Synchro Synchronizing
check function
IEC09000209-2-en.vsd
IEC09000209 V2 EN-US
The timer tSelect is used for supervising the time between the select and the execute command
signal, that is, the time the operator has to perform the command execution after the selection of the
object to operate.
select
execute command
tSelect
timer t1 t1>tSelect, then long-
operation-time in 'cause'
is set
en05000092.vsd
IEC05000092 V1 EN-US
The Long-operation-time cause (-30) is only given on the output L_CAUSE. It is not
sent on protocols since the selection has already received a positive response, and
no operation has been issued. If an operation is issued after the time out, the
negative response is Object-not-selected.
The parameter tResResponse is used to set the maximum allowed time to make the reservation, that
is, the time between reservation request and the feedback reservation granted from all bays involved
in the reservation function.
select
execute command
position L1 open
close
position L2 open
close
position L3 open
close
cmd termination L1
cmd termination L2
cmd termination L3
cmd termination *
position open
close
t1>tExecutionFB, then
tExecutionFB timer long-operation-time in
t1 'cause' is set
The parameter tSynchronizing is used to define the maximum allowed time between the start signal
for synchronizing and the confirmation that synchronizing is in progress.
execute command
SYNC_OK
tSynchrocheck
t1
START_SY
SY_INPRO
en05000095.vsd
IEC05000095 V1 EN-US
The purpose of Circuit breaker (SXCBR) is to provide the actual status of positions and to perform
the control operations, that is, pass all the commands to primary apparatuses in the form of circuit
breakers via binary output boards and to supervise the switching operation and position.
SXCBR
BLOCK XPOS
LR_SWI EXE_OP
OPEN EXE_CL
CLOSE SUBSTED
BL_OPEN OP_BLKD
BL_CLOSE CL_BLKD
BL_UPD UPD_BLKD
POSOP EN POSITION
POSCLOSE OPENP OS
CBOPCAP CLOSEPOS
TR_OPEN TR_POS
TR_CLOSE CNT_VAL
RS_CNT L_CAUSE
EEH_WARN EEHEALTH
EEH_ALM CBOPCAP
XIN
IEC05000338-6-en.vsdx
IEC05000338 V6 EN-US
10.2.7.3 Signals
PID-6799-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6799-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
10.2.7.4 Settings
PID-6799-SETTINGS v3
SXCBR has an operation counter for closing and opening commands. The counter value can be read
remotely from the operator place. The value is reset from local HMI, a binary input or remotely from
the operator place by configuring a signal from the Single Point Generic Control 8 signals
(SPC8GAPC) for example. The health of the external equipment, the switch, can be monitored
according to IEC 61850-8-1. The operation counter functionality and the external equipment health
supervision are independent sub-functions of the circuit breaker function.
Local= Operation at
UE switch yard level
TR
en05000096.vsd
IEC05000096 V1 EN-US
• Block/deblock for open command. It is used to block operation for the open command. Note that
this block signal also affects the input OPEN for immediate command.
• Block/deblock for close command. It is used to block operation for the close command. Note that
this block signal also affects the input CLOSE for immediate command.
• Update block/deblock of positions. It is used to block the updating of position values. Other
signals related to the position will be reset.
• Blocking of function, BLOCK. If BLOCK signal is set, it means that the function is active, but no
outputs are generated, no reporting, control commands are rejected and functional and
configuration data is visible.
Substitution M13487-22 v5
The substitution part in SXCBR is used for manual set of the position and quality of the switch. The
typical use of substitution is that an operator enters a manual value because that the real process
value is erroneous for some reason. SXCBR will then use the manually entered value instead of the
value for positions determined by the process.
When the position of the SXCBR is substituted, its IEC 61850-8-1 data object is
marked as “substituted", in addition to the substituted quality, but the position quality
of the connected SCSWI is not dependent on the substitution indication in the
quality, so it does not show that it is derived from a substituted value.
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
en05000097.vsd
IEC05000097 V1 EN-US
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
AdaptivePulse=FALSE
EXE_CL
tClosePulse
AdaptivePulse=TRUE
EXE_CL
tClosePulse
en05000098.vsd
IEC05000098 V1 EN-US
The execute output pulses are reset when the activating input is reset and either of the following
happens:
• the new expected final position is reached and the configuration parameter AdaptivePulse is set
to true
• the timer tOpenPulse or tClosePulse has elapsed
• an error occurs due to the switch not start moving, that is tStartMove has elapsed for normal
commands, or tIntermediate has elapsed starting from intermediate position, and the position
indications are valid.
If either of the position inputs are invalid or unconnected, the combined position is considered as
invalid. Then the execute output pulse resets at earliest when time tOpenPulse or tClosePulse has
elapsed.
If the breaker reaches the final position before the execution pulse time has elapsed,
and AdaptivePulse is not true, then the function waits for the end of the execution
pulse before indicating the activating function that the command is complete.
If the activating input remains active when the breaker has reached its final position
and the execution pulse time has elapsed, then the function waits for the reset of the
activating input before indicating that the command is complete.
There is one exception to the first item above: if the primary device is in open position and an open
command is executed or if the primary device is in closed position and a close command is executed.
In these cases, with the additional condition that the configuration parameter AdaptivePulse is true,
the execute output pulse is always activated and resets when tStartMove has elapsed. If the
configuration parameter AdaptivePulse is set to false, the execution output remains active until the
pulse duration timer has elapsed.
If the start position indicates bad state (OPENPOS=1 and CLOSEPOS=1) when a
command is executed, the execute output pulse resets at earliest when timer
tOpenPulse or tClosePulse has elapsed.
An example of when a primary device is open and an open command is executed is shown in
Figure 115 .
OPENPOS
CLOSEPOS
EXE_OP AdaptivePulse=FALSE
tOpenPulse
EXE_OP AdaptivePulse=TRUE
tOpenPulse
tStartMove timer
en05000099.vsd
IEC05000099 V1 EN-US
10.2.8 Proxy for signals from switching device via GOOSE XLNPROXY
The proxy for signals from switching device via GOOSE (XLNPROXY) gives an internal
representation of the position status and control response for a switch modelled in a breaker IED.
This representation is identical to that of an SXCBR function.
XLNPROXY
BEH* XPOS
BEH_VALID* SELECTED
LOC* OP_BLKD
LOC_VALID* CL_BLKD
BLKOPN* OPENPOS
BLKOPN_V* CLOSEPOS
BLKCLS* CNT_VAL
BLKCLS_V* L_CAUSE
POSVAL* EEHEALTH
POSVAL_V* OPCAP
OPCNT*
OP_CNT_V*
BLK
BLK_VAL
STSELD
STSELD_V
OPRCVD
OPRCVD_V
OPOK
OPOK_VAL
EEHEALTH
EEH_VAL
OPCAP
OPCAP_V
COMMVALID
XIN
IEC16000043-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000043 V1 EN-US
10.2.8.3 Signals
PID-6712-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6712-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
10.2.8.4 Settings
PID-6712-SETTINGS v3
GUID-A4CCC681-D4D8-4534-905D-1D8AD40E923B v1
The default values of the inputs BEH, OPCNT, EEHEALTH and OPCAP are set to -1
to denote that they are not connected.
The proxy for signals from switching device via GOOSE (XLNPROXY) is intended to be used when
the switch (XCBR) is modelled and controlled in a breaker IED or similar unit on the process bus.
XLNPROXY packages the signals from the GOOSE receive function, normally GOOSEXLNRCV, into
the same format as used from SXCBR to SCSWI. It makes a similar evaluation of the command
response as SXCBR when a command is issued from the connected SCSWI.
XLNPROXY has two outputs for position indication: OPENPOS and CLOSEPOS. Position is a
double point indication and the OPENPOS and CLOSEPOS are binary outputs intended to be used
for condition logics to protection and control functions
Normally, the position outputs, OPENPOS and CLOSEPOS, follow the value of the input POSVAL.
However, if the POSVAL_V input is FALSE, the communication is lost (COMMVALID = FALSE), or
the quality of the position received is bad, the OPENPOS and CLOSEPOS are both set to FALSE.
The command evaluation is triggered through the group input XIN that is connected to the SCSWI
function controlling the switch.
If an operation is initiated by the SCSWI, the XLNPROXY function checks if the switch is blocked for
the operation direction and that the position moves to the desired position within the two time limits
tStartMove and tIntermediate. The default values for tStartMove and tIntermediate are for a breaker.
The typical values for a disconnector are:
• tStartMove = 3s
• tIntermediate = 15s
In most cases, tStartMove and tIntermediate can be set to the same values as in the
source XCBR function. However, if the time limits are set very close to the actual
movement times of the apparatus, compensation may be needed for the
communication delays and differences in cycle time of the XLNPROXY function and
the source function. The compensation should be in the range of 0 - 5ms.
When the switch has started moving, it issues a response to the SCSWI function that the operation
has started. If it does not start moving within tStartMove, the command is deemed as failed, and a
cause is raised on the L_CAUSE output and sent to the SCSWI. The different causes it can identify
are listed in order of priority in table 1. The detection of the different ways of blocking is done while
waiting for movement of the switch, but the cause is not given until the tStartMove has elapsed.
The L_CAUSE output keeps its output value until a new command sequence has been started.
If the quality of the position or the communication becomes bad, the command evaluation replaces
the uncertain position value with intermediate position. Thus, as long as the quality is bad, all
commands will result in the cause Persistant-intermediate-state, -32.
If the switch in the merging unit has the behaviour set to Test or Test blocked, when the IED has the
behaviour On or Blocked, all data from the switch is regarded as invalid. Thus, any command will fail
with the cause PersistantiIntermediate-state, -32, and if selection is used for the switch, all attempts
to select the connected SCSWI will fail with the cause Select-failed, 3, from the SCSWI.
It is possible to speed up the command response for when the command has been started by the
switch in the breaker IED by connecting the inputs OPOK and OPOK_VAL. Then the blocking check
is only done until OPOK is activated and confirmation of that the command has been started is given
to the SCSWI function.
If the inputs STSELD and STSELD_V are connected, the switch in the breaker IED is assumed to
use selection. Then the SCSWI will wait for a selected indication, STSELD input of XLNPROXY,
before accepting selection, this information is transferred to the SCSWI function from the
XLNPROXY through the group connection XPOS. If STSELD is not activated within tSelect of the
SCSWI function, the selection is deemed failed and it gives a negative selection acknowledgement to
the command issuer with the cause Select-failed. Further, if the communication is lost, or the data
received is deemed invalid, the selection will also fail with cause Select-failed from the SCSWI.
10.3.1 Identification
SEMOD167845-2 v3
The logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI presentation (SLGAPC) (or the selector
switch function block) is used to get an enhanced selector switch functionality compared to the one
provided by a hardware selector switch. Hardware selector switches are used extensively by utilities,
in order to have different functions operating on pre-set values. Hardware switches are however
sources for maintenance issues, lower system reliability and an extended purchase portfolio. The
selector switch function eliminates all these problems.
SLGAPC
BLOCK ^P01
PSTO ^P02
UP ^P03
DOWN ^P04
^P05
^P06
^P07
^P08
^P09
^P10
^P11
^P12
^P13
^P14
^P15
^P16
^P17
^P18
^P19
^P20
^P21
^P22
^P23
^P24
^P25
^P26
^P27
^P28
^P29
^P30
^P31
^P32
SWPOSN
IEC14000005-1-en.vsd
IEC14000005 V1 EN-US
10.3.4 Signals
PID-6641-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6641-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
10.3.5 Settings
PID-6641-SETTINGS v3
Besides the inputs visible in the application configuration in the Application Configuration Tool, there
are other possibilities that will allow an user to set the desired position directly (without activating the
intermediate positions), either locally or remotely, using a “select before execute” dialog. One can
block the function operation, by activating the BLOCK input. In this case, the present position will be
kept and further operation will be blocked. The operator place (local or remote) is specified through
the PSTO input. If any operation is allowed the signal INTONE from the Fixed signal function block
can be connected. SLGAPC function block has also an integer value output, that generates the
actual position number. The positions and the block names are fully settable by the user. These
names will appear in the menu, so the user can see the position names instead of a number.
• if it is used just for the monitoring, the switches will be listed with their actual position names, as
defined by the user (max. 13 characters).
• if it is used for control, the switches will be listed with their actual positions, but only the first
three letters of the name will be used.
In both cases, the switch full name will be shown, but the user has to redefine it when building the
Graphical Display Editor, under the "Caption". If used for the control, the following sequence of
commands will ensure:
Control
Control Sing le Line Diagram
Measurements Comma nds
Events
Disturb ance r eco rds
Settings
Diagno stics
Test
Chang e to the "Switche s" pag e Reset
of the SLD by left-righ t arrows. Authori zation
Sele ct switch by up-down Lan guage
arro ws
../Control/SLD/Switch
O I ../Control/SLD/Switch
Damage control
P: Disc N: Disc Fe
DAL
The pos will not b e mod ified
(outputs will not b e activa ted) unt il OK Cancel
you press the Enter button for O.K.
../Control/SLD/Switch
SMBRREC control
WFM
Pilo t se tup
OFF
Damage control
DFW
IEC06000421-3-en.vsdx
IEC06000421 V3 EN-US
Figure 118: Example 2 on handling the switch from the local HMI.
From the single line diagram on local HMI.
10.4.1 Identification
SEMOD167850-2 v4
The Selector mini switch (VSGAPC) function block is a multipurpose function used for a variety of
applications, as a general purpose switch.
VSGAPC can be controlled from the menu, from a symbol on the single line diagram (SLD) on the
local HMI or from Binary inputs.
VSGAPC
BLOCK BLOCKED
PSTO POSITION
IPOS1 POS1
IPOS2 POS2
CMDPOS12
CMDPOS21
IEC14000066-1-en.vsd
IEC14000066 V1 EN-US
10.4.4 Signals
PID-7478-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7478-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
10.4.5 Settings
PID-7478-SETTINGS v1
Selector mini switch (VSGAPC) function can be used for double purpose, in the same way as switch
controller (SCSWI) functions are used:
• for indication on the single line diagram (SLD). Position is received through the IPOS1 and
IPOS2 inputs and distributed in the configuration through the POS1 and POS2 outputs, or to
IEC 61850 through reporting, or GOOSE.
• for commands that are received via the local HMI or IEC 61850 and distributed in the
configuration through outputs CMDPOS12 and CMDPOS21.
The output CMDPOS12 is set when the function receives a CLOSE command from the local
HMI when the SLD is displayed and the object is chosen.
The output CMDPOS21 is set when the function receives an OPEN command from the local
HMI when the SLD is displayed and the object is chosen.
It is important for indication in the SLD that a symbol is associated with a controllable
object, otherwise the symbol won't be displayed on the screen. A symbol is created
and configured in GDE tool in PCM600.
The PSTO input is connected to the Local remote switch to have a selection of operators place,
operation from local HMI (Local) or through IEC 61850 (Remote). An INTONE connection from Fixed
signal function block (FXDSIGN) will allow operation from local HMI.
As it can be seen, both indications and commands are done in double-bit representation, where a
combination of signals on both inputs/outputs generate the desired result.
The following table shows the relationship between IPOS1/IPOS2 inputs and the name of the string
that is shown on the SLD. The value of the strings are set in PST.
10.5.1 Identification
GUID-E16EA78F-6DF9-4B37-A92D-5C09827E2297 v3
Generic communication function for Double Point indication (DPGAPC) function block is used to
send double point position indications to other systems, equipment or functions in the substation
through IEC 61850-8-1 or other communication protocols. It is especially intended to be used in the
interlocking station-wide logics.
IEC13000081 V1 EN-US
PID-4139-INPUTSIGNALS v12
PID-4139-OUTPUTSIGNALS v11
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
When receiving the input signals, DPGAPC sends the signals over IEC 61850-8-1 to the systems,
equipment or functions that requests and thus subscribes on these signals. To be able to get the
signals into other systems, equipment or functions, one must use other tools, described in the
Engineering manual, and define which function block in which systems, equipment or functions
should receive this information.
More specifically, DPGAPC function reports a combined double point position indication output
POSITION, by evaluating the value and the timestamp attributes of the inputs OPEN and CLOSE,
together with the logical input signal VALID.
When the input signal VALID is active, the values of the OPEN and CLOSE inputs determine the two-
bit integer value of the output POSITION. The timestamp of the output POSITION will have the latest
updated timestamp of the inputs OPEN and CLOSE.
When the input signal VALID is inactive, DPGAPC function forces the position to intermediated state.
When the value of the input signal VALID changes, the timestamp of the output POSITION will be
updated as the time when DPGAPC function detects the change.
Refer to Table 139 for the description of the input-output relationship in terms of the value and the
quality attributes.
POSITION
VALID OPEN CLOSE
Value Description
0 - - 0 Intermediate
1 0 0 0 Intermediate
1 1 0 1 Open
1 0 1 2 Closed
1 1 1 3 Bad State
10.6.1 Identification
SEMOD176456-2 v3
The Single point generic control 8 signals (SPC8GAPC) function block is a collection of 8 single point
commands that can be used for direct commands for example reset of LEDs or putting IED in
"ChangeLock" state from remote. In this way, simple commands can be sent directly to the IED
outputs, without confirmation. Confirmation (status) of the result of the commands is supposed to be
achieved by other means, such as binary inputs and SPGAPC function blocks. The commands can
be pulsed or steady with a settable pulse time.
SPC8GAPC
BLOCK ^OUT1
PSTO ^OUT2
^OUT3
^OUT4
^OUT5
^OUT6
^OUT7
^OUT8
IEC07000143-3-en.vsd
IEC07000143 V3 EN-US
10.6.4 Signals
PID-3575-INPUTSIGNALS v8
PID-3575-OUTPUTSIGNALS v8
10.6.5 Settings
PID-3575-SETTINGS v8
The PSTO input selects the operator place (LOCAL, REMOTE or ALL). One of the eight outputs is
activated based on the command sent from the operator place selected. The settings Latchedx and
tPulsex (where x is the respective output) will determine if the signal will be pulsed (and how long the
pulse is) or latched (steady). BLOCK will block the operation of the function – in case a command is
sent, no output will be activated.
PSTO is the universal operator place selector for all control functions. Although,
PSTO can be configured to use LOCAL or ALL operator places, only REMOTE
operator place is used in SPC8GAPC function.
10.7.1 Identification
GUID-C3BB63F5-F0E7-4B00-AF0F-917ECF87B016 v4
The Automation bits function (AUTOBITS) is used to configure the DNP3 protocol command
handling. Each of the 3 AUTOBITS available has 32 individual outputs available, each can be
mapped as a binary output point in DNP3.
AUTOBITS
BLOCK ^CMDBIT1
PSTO ^CMDBIT2
^CMDBIT3
^CMDBIT4
^CMDBIT5
^CMDBIT6
^CMDBIT7
^CMDBIT8
^CMDBIT9
^CMDBIT10
^CMDBIT11
^CMDBIT12
^CMDBIT13
^CMDBIT14
^CMDBIT15
^CMDBIT16
^CMDBIT17
^CMDBIT18
^CMDBIT19
^CMDBIT20
^CMDBIT21
^CMDBIT22
^CMDBIT23
^CMDBIT24
^CMDBIT25
^CMDBIT26
^CMDBIT27
^CMDBIT28
^CMDBIT29
^CMDBIT30
^CMDBIT31
^CMDBIT32
IEC09000925-1-en.vsd
IEC09000925 V1 EN-US
10.7.4 Signals
PID-3776-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3776-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
10.7.5 Settings
PID-3776-SETTINGS v6
AutomationBits function (AUTOBITS) has 32 individual outputs which each can be mapped as a
Binary Output point in DNP3. The output is operated by a "Object 12" in DNP3. This object contains
parameters for control-code, count, on-time and off-time. To operate an AUTOBITS output point,
send a control-code of latch-On, latch-Off, pulse-On, pulse-Off, Trip or Close. The remaining
parameters will be regarded were appropriate. ex: pulse-On, on-time=100, off-time=300, count=5
would give 5 positive 100 ms pulses, 300 ms apart.
There is a BLOCK input signal, which will disable the operation of the function, in the same way the
setting Operation: On/Off does. That means that, upon activation of the BLOCK input, all 32
CMDBITxx outputs will be set to 0. The BLOCK acts like an overriding, the function still receives data
from the DNP3 master. Upon deactivation of BLOCK, all the 32 CMDBITxx outputs will be set by the
DNP3 master again, momentarily. For AUTOBITS , the PSTO input determines the operator place.
The command can be written to the block while in “Remote”. If PSTO is in “Local” then no change is
applied to the outputs.
10.8.1 Identification
GUID-2217CCC2-5581-407F-A4BC-266CD6808984 v1
The IEDs can receive commands either from a substation automation system or from the local HMI.
The command function block has outputs that can be used, for example, to control high voltage
apparatuses or for other user defined functionality.
SINGLECMD
BLOCK ^OUT1
^OUT2
^OUT3
^OUT4
^OUT5
^OUT6
^OUT7
^OUT8
^OUT9
^OUT10
^OUT11
^OUT12
^OUT13
^OUT14
^OUT15
^OUT16
IEC05000698-2-en.vsd
IEC05000698 V3 EN-US
10.8.4 Signals
PID-6189-INPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-6189-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
10.8.5 Settings
PID-6189-SETTINGS v7
Single command, 16 signals (SINGLECMD) function has 16 binary output signals. The outputs can
be individually controlled from a substation automation system or from the local HMI. Each output
signal can be given a name with a maximum of 13 characters in PCM600.
The output signals can be of the types Off, Steady, or Pulse. This configuration setting is done via the
local HMI or PCM600 and is common for the whole function block. The length of the output pulses
are 100 ms. In steady mode, SINGLECMD function has a memory to remember the output values at
power interruption of the IED. Also a BLOCK input is available used to block the updating of the
outputs.
The output signals, OUT1 to OUT16, are available for configuration to built-in functions or via the
configuration logic circuits to the binary outputs of the IED.
Section 11 Logic
11.1 Tripping logic SMPPTRC IP14576-1 v4
11.1.2 Identification
SEMOD56226-2 v7
A function block for protection tripping and general start indication is always provided as a basic
function for each circuit breaker. It provides a settable pulse prolongation time to ensure a trip pulse
of sufficient length, as well as all functionality necessary for correct co-operation with autoreclosing
functions.
The trip function block includes a settable latch function for the trip signal and circuit breaker lockout.
The trip function can collect start and directional signals from different application functions. The
aggregated start and directional signals are mapped to the IEC 61850 logical node data model.
SMPPTRC
BLOCK TRIP
BLKLKOUT TRL1
TRINALL TRL2
TRINL1 TRL3
TRINL2 TRN
TRINL3 TR1P
TRINN TR2P
PSL1 TR3P
PSL2 CLLKOUT
PSL3 START
1PTRZ STL1
1PTREF STL2
P3PTR STL3
SETLKOUT STN
RSTLKOUT FW
STDIR REV
IEC05000707-5-en.vsdx
IEC05000707 V5 EN-US
11.1.5 Signals
PID-7434-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7434-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
11.1.6 Settings
PID-7434-SETTINGS v1
There is a single input (TRINALL) through which all trip output signals from the protection functions
within the IED or from external protection functions via one or more of the IEDs' binary inputs are
routed. It has a three-phase trip output (TRIP) to connect to one or more of the IEDs' binary outputs,
as well as to other functions within the IED requiring this signal.
P3PTR
TRINN
SETLKOUT
RSTLKOUT
P3PTR
TRINN
SETLKOUT
RSTLKOUT
IEC10000266-3-en.vsdx
IEC10000266 V3 EN-US
The input TRINN can be activated from functions which provide data for trip in the neutral.
The inputs 1PTRZ and 1PTREF enable single- phase and two-phase tripping for those functions
which do not have their own phase selection capability (that is, which have just a single trip output).
An example of such a protection function is the residual overcurrent protection. The SMPPTRC
function has two inputs for these functions, one for impedance tripping (1PTRZ used for carrier-aided
tripping commands from the scheme communication logic), and one for earth fault tripping (1PTREF
used for tripping from a residual overcurrent protection). External phase selection for these two trip
signals shall be provided via inputs PSL1, PSL2, and PSL3.
A timer tWaitForPHS, secures a three-phase trip command for these two trip signals in the absence
of the external phase selection signals.
The SMPPTRC function has three trip outputs TRL1, TRL2, TRL3 (besides the three-phase trip
output TRIP), one per phase, to connect to one or more of the IEDs’ binary outputs, as well as to
other functions within the IED requiring these signals. These three output signals shall be used as
trip signals for individual circuit breaker poles. These signals are important for cooperation with the
autorecloser SMBRREC function.
The outputs TRN and TRIP are activated when the input TRINN is activated.
The SMPPTRC function is equipped with logic which secures correct operation for evolving faults as
well as for reclosing on to persistent faults. A binary input P3PTR is provided which will force all
tripping to be three-phase. This input is required in order to cooperate with the SMBRREC function.
In multi-breaker arrangements, one SMPPTRC function block is used for each circuit breaker.
If external conditions are required to initiate a circuit breaker lockout, it can be achieved by activating
input SETLKOUT. The settingAutoLock = Off means that the internal three-phase trip will not activate
lockout so only initiation of the input SETLKOUT will result in lockout. This is normally the case for
overhead line protection where most faults are transient. Unsuccessful autoreclosing and back-up
zone tripping can in such cases be connected to initiate lockout by activating the input SETLKOUT.
If CLLKOUT is set by an external trip signal from another protection function, that is by activating
SETLKOUT input, or internally by a three-phase trip, that is with the setting AutoLock = On and the
setting TripLockout = On, then also all trip outputs are set latched.
The lockout can manually be reset after checking the primary fault by activating the reset lockout
input RSTLKOUT.
The BLKLKOUT input blocks the circuit breaker lockout output CLLKOUT.
The following three sequences in the following table shows the interaction between the inputs
BLOCK, BLKLKOUT, SETLKOUT, RSTLKOUT and the output CLLKOUT.
Inputs Output
BLOCK BLKLKOUT SETLKOUT RSTLKOUT CLLKOUT
Active - - - False
Active - Active - False
- - - - False
- - Active - True
Active - - - True
Active - - Activated True
- - - - True
- Active - - False
Table continues on next page
Inputs Output
BLOCK BLKLKOUT SETLKOUT RSTLKOUT CLLKOUT
- Active Active - False
- - - - True
- - - Activated False
Directional data
Merged directional data from application functions can be provided to the trip function (SMPPTRC)
via the start matrix function (SMAGAPC) connected to the STDIR input.
The directional input signal STDIR is a coded integer signal which contains 15 individual Boolean
signals, see Figure 130:
STDIRX=[b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, b14]
b0= START (start)
b1= FW (forward)
b2= REV (reverse)
b3= STL1 (start L1)
b4= FWL1 (forward L1)
b5= REVL1 (reverse L1)
b6= STL2 (start L2)
b7= FWL2 (forward L2)
b8= REVL2 (reverse L2)
b9= STL3 (start L3)
b10= FWL3 (forward L3)
b11= REVL3 (reverse L3)
b12= STN (start N)
b13= FWN (forward N)
b14= REVN (reverse N)
The indications for general start START and phase-wise starts STL1, STL2 and STL3, and neutral
STN and general directional forward FW and reverse REV are all available as outputs on the trip
function.
All start and directional outputs are mapped to the IEC 61850 logical node data model of the trip
function. The time stamping is updated each time an operate or start signal is changed:
dirGeneral
0 unknown
1 forward
2 backward (reverse)
3 both
• The phase wise directional outputs (DIRL1, DIRL2, DIRL3, and DIRN) are mapped as:
tTripMin
BLOCK TRIPALL
OR
AND t
TRINL1
TRINL2
TRINL3
TRINALL OR
1PTREF
1PTRZ
IEC05000517-5-en.vsdx
IEC05000517 V5 EN-US
TRINALL
TRINL1 L1TRIP
OR
PSL1
AND
TRINL2
L2TRIP
OR
PSL2
AND
TRINL3
L3TRIP
OR
PSL3
AND
-LOOP
OR OR
OR
AND AND
OR
tWaitForPHS
-LOOP
t
OR
1PTREF AND
AND
1PTRZ OR
IEC10000056-5-en.vsdx
IEC10000056 V5 EN-US
tTripMin
BLOCK
OR TR
L1TRIP AND t OR
tEvolvingFault
t AND
L2TRIP
L3TRIP
OR
P3PTR
IEC170
IEC17000065 V2 EN-US
Figure 128: Simplified additional logic per phase, Program = 1ph/3ph or 1ph/2ph/3ph
TRIPL1
OR TRL1
OR
TRIPL2
OR TRL2
OR
TRIPL3
OR TRL3
OR
TRIPN TRN
OR OR TRIP
OR
TRIPALL
OR -LOOP
OR
-LOOP AND
AND TR3P
OR
AND OR
AND
10 ms To ensure that the
fault is single phase TR1P
AND t
AND
AND OR AND
OR
-LOOP
AND
TripLockout
AND AND
AutoLock -LOOP
SETLKOUT OR
OR AND CLLKOUT
AND AND
RSTLKOUT
AND
AND
BLOCK
BLKLKOUT
IEC17000066-3-en.vsdx
IEC17000066 V3 EN-US
Directional logic
IntToBits
STDIR START START
in b0
FW STL1
b1
REV STL2
b2
STL1 STL3
b3
FWL1 STN
b4
REVL1
b5
STL2
b6
FWL2 FW
b7
REVL2 BitsToInt
b8 dirGeneral (61850 Standard)
STL3
b9 0 = unknown
FWL3 b0 out
b10 DIR 1 = forward
REVL3 b1 2 = backward (reverse)
b11
STN 3 = both
b12
FWN REV
b13
REVN
b14
b15
AND
XOR
AND
XOR
AND
IEC16000179-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000179 V2 EN-US
The Start Matrix (SMAGAPC) merges start and directional output signals from different application
functions and creates a common start and directional output signal (STDIR) to be connected to the
Trip function, see Figure 131.
The purpose of this functionality is to provide general start and directional information for the IEC
61850 trip logic data model SMPPTRC.
SMAGAPC
BLOCK STDIR
STDIR1
STDIR2
STDIR3
STDIR4
STDIR5
STDIR6
STDIR7
STDIR8
STDIR9
STDIR10
STDIR11
STDIR12
STDIR13
STDIR14
STDIR15
STDIR16
IEC16000165-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000165 V1 EN-US
11.2.4 Signals
PID-6906-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6906-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
11.2.5 Settings
PID-6906-SETTINGS v2
Start matrix
The Start Matrix function requires that a protection function delivers the directional output signals in a
fixed order to Start Matrix.
A directional input signal STDIRX of the Start Matrix is of type word. Each input contains 14
individual Boolean signals, which are positioned as, see Figure 133.
STDIRX=[b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, b14]
b0= START (start)
b1= FW (forward)
b2= REV (reverse)
b3= STL1 (startL1)
b4= FWL1 (forwardL1)
b5= REVL1 (reverseL1)
b6= STL2 (startL2)
b7= FWL2 (forwardL2)
b8= REVL2 (reverseL2)
b9= STL3 (startL3)
b10= FWL3 (forwardL3)
b11= REVL3 (reverseL3)
Table continues on next page
The StartMatrix function contains two function: the START criteria and the DIRECTION criteria, see
Figure 132.
The START criteria is to ensure that a forward and reverse signal shall come together with a start
signal to pass through the block. This is done individually for each protection function connected to
the StartMatrix via the STDIRX inputs, see Figure 133.
All STDIROUT signals are then connected via an OR gate, see Figure 132.
The DIRECTION criteria allow either forward or reverse (phase-wise forward FWLx or forward
neutral FWN or phase-wise reverse REVLx or reverse neutral REVN) to pass through to the general
STDIR output. If both forward and reverse are active phase-wise (e.g. REVLx=FWLx = True) or at
neutral (e.g. FWN = REVN = True) at the same time, none will be shown, see Figure 134.
SMAGAPC
(StartMatrix)
START Criteria
STDIR1
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR2
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR3
STDIRX STDIROUT
DIRECTION Criteria
STDIR
≥1 STDIRIN STDIR
START Criteria
STDIR4
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR5
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR6
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR7
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR8
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR9
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR10
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR11
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR12
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR13
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR14
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR15
STDIRX STDIROUT
START Criteria
STDIR16
STDIRX STDIROUT
IEC16000161-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000161 V2 EN-US
START Criteria
START (in)
STL1 (in)
STL2 (in) ≥1 START (out)
STL3 (in)
IntToBits STN (in) BitsToint
STDIRX STDIROUT
in b0 START (in) STL1 (out) START (out) b0 out
b1 FW (in) STL2 (out) FW (out) b1
b2 REV (in) STL3 (out) REV (out) b2
b3 STL1 (in) STN (out) STL1 (out) b3
b4 FWL1 (in) FWL1 (out) b4
b5 REVL1 (in) REVL1 (out) b5
&
b6 STL2 (in) FW (in) STL2 (out) b6
b7 FWL2 (in) FWL2 (out) b7
≥1 FW (out)
b8 REVL2 (in) REVL2 (out) b8
b9 STL3 (in) STL3 (out) b9
b10 FWL3 (in) FWL3 (out) b10
b11 REVL3 (in) & REVL3 (out) b11
REV (in)
b12 STN (in) STN (out) b12
b13 FWN (in) ≥1 REV (out) FWN (out) b13
b14 REVN (in) REVN (out) b14
b15 N/A FALSE b15
IEC16000162-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000162 V2 EN-US
DIRECTION Criteria
FWL1 (in)
=1
REVL1 (in)
FWL2 (in)
=1
REVL2 (in)
FWL3 (in)
=1
REVL3 (in)
FWN (in)
=1
REVN (in)
IEC16000163-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000163 V2 EN-US
STARTCOMB
To make it possible to provide the directional information from a protection function, a STARTCOMB
block is used in between the application function and the Start Matrix function.
The STARTCOMB function has one block input and 14 Boolean inputs that convert the 14 Boolean
inputs into a WORD output STDIR, see Figure 135.
STDIRX=[b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, b14]
b0= START (start)
b1= FW (forward)
b2= REV (reverse)
b3= STL1 (startL1)
b4= FWL1 (forwardL1)
b5= REVL1 (reverseL1)
b6= STL2 (startL2)
b7= FWL2 (forwardL2)
b8= REVL2 (reverseL2)
b9= STL3 (startL3)
b10= FWL3 (forwardL3)
b11= REVL3 (reverseL3)
b12= STN (startN)
b13= FWN (forwardN)
b14= REVN (reverseN)
STARTCOMB
BLOCK STDI R
START
FW
REV
STL1
FWL1
REVL1
STL2
FWL2
REVL2
STL3
FWL3
REVL3
STN
FWN
REVN
IEC16000166-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000166 V2 EN-US
Protection functions
Some protection functions are provided with start and directional outputs, for example:
Connection example
In Figure 136 below is an example how to connect start and directional signals from protection
functions via STARTCOMB and SMAGAPC to SMPPTRC.
SMAGAPC
STARTCOMB BLOCK STDIR
PROTECTION 1 BLOCK STDIR STDIR1
START START STDIR2
FW FW STDIR3
REV REV STDIR4
STL1 STDIR5
FWL1 STDIR6 SMPPTRC
REVL1 STDIR7 BLOCK TRIP
STL2 STDIR8 BLKLKOUT TRL1
FWL2 STDIR9 TRIN TRL2
REVL2 STDIR10 TRINL1 TRL3
STL3 STDIR11 TRINL2 TR1P
FWL3 STDIR12 TRINL3 TR2P
REVL3 STDIR13 PSL1 TR3P
STN STDIR14 PSL2 CLLKOUT
FWN STDIR15 PSL3 START
REVN STDIR16 1PTRZ STL1
1PTREF STL2
P3PTR STL3
STARTCOMB SETLKOUT STN
BLOCK STDIR RSTLKOUT FW
START STDIR REV
FW
PROTECTION 2 REV
STL1 STL1
FWL1 FWL1
REVL1 REVL1
STL2 STL2
FWL2 FWL2
REVL2 REVL2
STL3 STL3
FWL3 FWL3
REVL3 REVL3
STN
FWN
REVN
STARTCOMB
BLOCK STDIR
START
FW
REV
STL1
FWL1
REVL1
STL2
FWL2
REVL2
STL3
PROTECTION 4
FWL3
-
PROTECTION 3 REVL3
STDIR
STN STN
-
FWN FWN
-
REVN REVN
IEC16000164-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000164 V2 EN-US
11.3.1 Identification
SEMOD167882-2 v3
The trip matrix logic function has 3 output signals and these outputs can be connected to physical
tripping outputs according to the specific application needs for settable pulse or steady output.
TMAGAPC
BLOCK OUTPUT1
BLK1 OUTPUT2
BLK2 OUTPUT3
BLK3
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
INPUT17
INPUT18
INPUT19
INPUT20
INPUT21
INPUT22
INPUT23
INPUT24
INPUT25
INPUT26
INPUT27
INPUT28
INPUT29
INPUT30
INPUT31
INPUT32
IEC13000197-1-en.vsd
IEC13000197 V1 EN-US
11.3.4 Signals
PID-6513-INPUTSIGNALS v4
PID-6513-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
11.3.5 Settings
PID-6513-SETTINGS v4
The trip matrix logic (TMAGAPC) block is provided with 32 input signals and 3 output signals. The
function block incorporates internal logic OR gates in order to provide grouping of connected input
signals to the three output signals from the function block.
Internal built-in OR logic is made in accordance with the following three rules:
1. when any one of first 16 inputs signals (INPUT1 to INPUT16) has logical value 1 the first output
signal (OUTPUT1) will get logical value 1.
2. when any one of second 16 inputs signals (INPUT17 to INPUT32) has logical value 1 the
second output signal (OUTPUT2) will get logical value 1.
3. when any one of all 32 input signals (INPUT1 to INPUT32) has logical value 1 the third output
signal (OUTPUT3) will get logical value 1.
PulseTime
t
&
ModeOutput1=Pulsed
INPUT 1
OUTPUT 1
Ondelay Offdelay
&
³1
³1 t t
INPUT 16
PulseTime
t
&
ModeOutput2=Pulsed
INPUT 17
OUTPUT 2
Ondelay Offdelay
&
³1
³1 t t
INPUT 32
PulseTime
t
&
ModeOutput3=Pulsed
OUTPUT 3
Ondelay Offdelay
&
³1
³1 t t
IEC09000612-3-en.vsd
IEC09000612 V3 EN-US
The group alarm logic function (ALMCALH) is used to route several alarm signals to a common
indication, LED and/or contact, in the IED.
ALMCALH
BLOCK ALARM
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
IEC13000181-1-en.vsd
IEC13000181 V1 EN-US
11.4.4 Signals
PID-6510-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-6510-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
11.4.5 Settings
PID-6510-SETTINGS v5
The logic for group alarm ALMCALH block is provided with 16 input signals and one ALARM output
signal. The function block incorporates internal logic OR gate in order to provide grouping of
connected input signals to the output ALARM signal from the function block.
When any one of 16 input signals (INPUT1 to INPUT16) has logical value 1, the ALARM output
signal will get logical value 1.
The function has a drop-off delay of 200 ms when all inputs are reset to provide a steady signal.
Input 1
200 ms
ALARM
³1 t
Input 16
IEC13000191-1-en.vsd
IEC13000191 V1 EN-US
The group warning logic function (WRNCALH) is used to route several warning signals to a common
indication, LED and/or contact, in the IED.
WRNCALH
BLOCK WARNING
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
IEC13000182-1-en.vsd
IEC13000182 V1 EN-US
11.5.4 Signals
PID-4127-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-4127-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
11.5.5 Settings
PID-4127-SETTINGS v3
The logic for group warning WRNCALH block is provided with 16 input signals and 1 WARNING
output signal. The function block incorporates internal logic OR gate in order to provide grouping of
connected input signals to the output WARNING signal from the function block.
When any one of 16 input signals (INPUT1 to INPUT16) has logical value 1, the WARNING output
signal will get logical value 1.
The function has a drop-off delay of 200 ms when all inputs are reset to provide a steady signal.
INPUT1
200 ms
WARNING
³1 t
INPUT16
IEC13000192-1-en.vsd
IEC13000192 V1 EN-US
The group indication logic function (INDCALH) is used to route several indication signals to a
common indication, LED and/or contact, in the IED.
INDCALH
BLOCK IND
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
IEC13000183-1-en.vsd
IEC13000183 V1 EN-US
11.6.4 Signals
PID-4128-INPUTSIGNALS v4
PID-4128-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
11.6.5 Settings
PID-4128-SETTINGS v4
The logic for group indication INDCALH block is provided with 16 input signals and 1 IND output
signal. The function block incorporates internal logic OR gate in order to provide grouping of
connected input signals to the output IND signal from the function block.
When any one of 16 input signals (INPUT1 to INPUT16) has logical value 1, the IND output signal
will get logical value 1.
The function has a drop-off delay of 200 ms when all inputs are reset to provide a steady signal.
INPUT1
200 ms
IND
³1 t
INPUT16
IEC13000193-1-en.vsd
IEC13000193 V1 EN-US
The basic configurable logic blocks do not propagate the time stamp and quality of signals. The list
below shows a summary of the function blocks and their features.
The logic blocks are available as a part of an extension logic package. The list below is a summary of
the function blocks and their features.
• AND function block. The AND function is used to form general combinatory expressions with
boolean variables. The AND function block has up to four inputs and two outputs.
• GATE function block is used for whether or not a signal should be able to pass from the input to
the output.
• INVERTER function block that inverts the input signal to the output.
• LLD function block. Loop delay used to delay the output signal one execution cycle.
• OR function block. The OR function is used to form general combinatory expressions with
boolean variables. The OR function block has up to six inputs and two outputs. One of the
outputs is inverted.
• PULSETIMER function block can be used, for example, for pulse extensions or limiting of
operation of outputs, settable pulse time.
• RSMEMORY function block is a flip-flop that can reset or set an output from two inputs
respectively. Each block has two outputs where one is inverted. The memory setting controls if,
after a power interruption, the flip-flop resets or returns to the state it had before the power
interruption. RESET input has priority.
• SRMEMORY function block is a flip-flop that can set or reset an output from two inputs
respectively. Each block has two outputs where one is inverted. The memory setting controls if
the block's output should reset or return to the state it was, after a power interruption. The SET
input has priority if both SET and RESET inputs are operated simultaneously.
• TIMERSET function has pick-up and drop-out delayed outputs related to the input signal. The
timer has a settable time delay and must be On for the input signal to activate the output with
the appropriate time delay.
• XOR is used to generate combinatory expressions with boolean variables. XOR has two inputs
and two outputs. One of the outputs is inverted. The output signal OUT is 1 if the input signals
are different and 0 if they are the same.
M11453-3 v4
The AND function is used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean variables. The AND
function block has up to four inputs and two outputs. One of the outputs is inverted.
AND
INPUT1 OUT
INPUT2 NOUT
INPUT3
INPUT4
IEC14000071-1-en.vsd
IEC14000071 V1 EN-US
11.7.1.2 Signals
PID-3437-INPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3437-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
M11489-3 v2
The Controllable gate function block (GATE) is used for controlling if a signal should be able to pass
from the input to the output or not depending on a setting.
GATE
INPUT OUT
IEC04000410-2-en.vsd
IEC04000410 V2 EN-US
11.7.2.2 Signals
PID-3801-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3801-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
11.7.2.3 Settings
PID-3801-SETTINGS v6
INV
INPUT OUT
IEC04000404_2_en.vsd
IEC04000404 V2 EN-US
11.7.3.2 Signals
PID-3803-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3803-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
GUID-64B24094-010D-4B8F-8B7B-DDD49499AAE5 v3
The Logic loop delay function block (LLD) function is used to delay the output signal one execution
cycle, that is, the cycle time of the function blocks used.
LLD
INPUT OUT
IEC15000144.vsd
IEC15000144 V1 EN-US
11.7.4.2 Signals
PID-3805-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3805-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
M11449-3 v2
The OR function is used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean variables. The OR
function block has up to six inputs and two outputs. One of the outputs is inverted.
OR
INPUT1 OUT
INPUT2 NOUT
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
IEC04000405_2_en.vsd
IEC04000405 V2 EN-US
11.7.5.2 Signals
PID-3806-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3806-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
M11466-3 v3
The pulse (PULSETIMER) function can be used, for example, for pulse extensions or limiting the
operation time of outputs. The PULSETIMER has a settable length. When the input is 1, the output
will be 1 for the time set by the time delay parameter t. Then it returns to 0.
PULSETIMER
INPUT OUT
IEC04000407-3-en.vsd
IEC04000407 V3 EN-US
11.7.6.2 Signals
PID-6985-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6985-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
11.7.6.3 Settings
PID-6985-SETTINGS v1
GUID-4C804DEA-3C83-4C20-82C6-BAD03BD48242 v5
The Reset-set with memory function block (RSMEMORY) is a flip-flop with memory that can reset or
set an output from two inputs respectively. Each RSMEMORY function block has two outputs, where
one is inverted. The memory setting controls if, after a power interruption, the flip-flop resets or
returns to the state it had before the power interruption. For a Reset-Set flip-flop, RESET input has
higher priority over SET input.
RSMEMORY
SET OUT
RESET NOUT
IEC09000294-1-en.vsd
IEC09000294 V1 EN-US
11.7.7.2 Signals
PID-3811-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3811-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
11.7.7.3 Settings
PID-3811-SETTINGS v5
M11485-3 v4
The Set-reset with memory function block (SRMEMORY) is a flip-flop with memory that can set or
reset an output from two inputs respectively. Each SRMEMORY function block has two outputs,
where one is inverted. The memory setting controls if, after a power interruption, the flip-flop resets or
returns to the state it had before the power interruption. The input SET has priority.
SRMEMORY
SET OUT
RESET NOUT
IEC04000408_2_en.vsd
IEC04000408 V2 EN-US
11.7.8.2 Signals
PID-3813-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3813-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
11.7.8.3 Settings
PID-3813-SETTINGS v5
M11494-3 v3
The Settable timer function block (TIMERSET) timer has two outputs for the delay of the input signal
at drop-out and at pick-up. The timer has a settable time delay. It also has an Operation setting On
and Off that controls the operation of the timer.
Input
tdelay
On
Off
tdelay
t
IEC08000289-2-en.vsd
IEC08000289 V2 EN-US
TIMERSET
INPUT ON
OFF
IEC04000411-2-en.vsd
IEC04000411 V2 EN-US
11.7.9.2 Signals
PID-6976-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6976-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
11.7.9.3 Settings
PID-6976-SETTINGS v1
M11477-3 v4
The exclusive OR function (XOR) is used to generate combinatory expressions with boolean
variables. XOR has two inputs and two outputs. One of the outputs is inverted. The output signal
OUT is 1 if the input signals are different and 0 if they are the same.
XOR
INPUT1 OUT
INPUT2 NOUT
IEC04000409-2-en.vsd
IEC04000409 V2 EN-US
11.7.10.2 Signals
PID-3817-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-3817-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
When extra configurable logic blocks are required, an additional package can be ordered.
GUID-19810098-1820-4765-8F0B-7D585FFC0C78 v8
The Fixed signals function (FXDSIGN) has nine pre-set (fixed) signals that can be used in the
configuration of an IED, either for forcing the unused inputs in other function blocks to a certain level/
value, or for creating certain logic. Boolean, integer, floating point, string types of signals are
available.
FXDSIGN
OFF
ON
INTZERO
INTONE
INTALONE
REALZERO
STRNULL
ZEROSMPL
GRP_OFF
IEC05000445-3-en.vsd
IEC05000445 V3 EN-US
11.9.3 Signals
PID-6191-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
11.9.4 Settings
PID-1325-SETTINGS v12
The function does not have any settings available in Local HMI or Protection and Control IED
Manager (PCM600).
11.10.1 Identification
SEMOD175721-2 v2
Boolean to integer conversion, 16 bit (B16I) is used to transform a set of 16 boolean (logical) signals
into an integer.
B16I
BLOCK OUT
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
IN8
IN9
IN10
IN11
IN12
IN13
IN14
IN15
IN16
IEC07000128-2-en.vsd
IEC07000128 V2 EN-US
11.10.4 Signals
PID-3606-INPUTSIGNALS v4
PID-3606-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
The Boolean 16 to integer conversion function (B16I) will transfer a combination of up to 16 binary
inputs INx, where 1≤x≤16, to an integer. Each INx represents a value according to the table below
from 0 to 32768. This follows the general formula: INx = 2x-1 where 1≤x≤16. The sum of all the values
on the activated INx will be available on the output OUT as a sum of the integer values of all the
inputs INx that are activated. OUT is an integer. When all INx (where 1≤x≤16) are activated, that is =
Boolean 1, it corresponds to that integer 65535 is available on the output OUT. The B16I function is
designed for receiving up to 16 booleans input locally. If the BLOCK input is activated, it will freeze
the output at the last value.
Values of each of the different OUTx from function block B16I for 1≤x≤16.
The sum of the value on each INx corresponds to the integer presented on the output OUT on the
function block B16I
The sum of the numbers in column “Value when activated” when all INx (where 1≤x≤16) are active
that is=1; is 65535. 65535 is the highest boolean value that can be converted to an integer by the
B16I function block.
11.11.1 Identification
SEMOD175757-2 v5
Boolean to integer conversion with logical node representation, 16 bit (BTIGAPC) is used to
transform a set of 16 boolean (logical) signals into an integer. The block input will freeze the output at
the last value.
BTIGAPC
BLOCK OUT
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
IN8
IN9
IN10
IN11
IN12
IN13
IN14
IN15
IN16
IEC13000303-1-en.vsd
IEC13000303 V1 EN-US
11.11.4 Signals
PID-6944-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6944-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
The Boolean 16 to integer conversion with logic node representation function (BTIGAPC) will transfer
a combination of up to 16 binary inputs INx, where 1≤x≤16, to an integer. Each INx represents a
value according to the table below from 0 to 32768. This follows the general formula: INx = 2x-1
where 1≤x≤16. The sum of all the values on the activated INx will be available on the output OUT as
a sum of the integer values of all the inputs INx that are activated. OUT is an integer. When all INx
(where 1≤x≤16) are activated, that is = Boolean 1, it corresponds to that integer 65535 is available on
the output OUT. If the BLOCK input is activated, it will freeze the logical outputs at the last value.
Values of each of the different OUTx from function block BTIGAPC for 1≤x≤16.
The sum of the value on each INx corresponds to the integer presented on the output OUT on the
function block BTIGAPC.
The sum of the numbers in column “Value when activated” when all INx (where 1≤x≤16) are active
that is=1; is 65535. 65535 is the highest boolean value that can be converted to an integer by the
BTIGAPC function block.
11.12.1 Identification
SEMOD167941-2 v2
Integer to boolean 16 conversion function (IB16) is used to transform an integer into a set of 16
boolean (logical) signals.
IB16
BLOCK OUT1
INP OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
OUT9
OUT10
OUT11
OUT12
OUT13
OUT14
OUT15
OUT16
IEC06000501-3-en.vsdx
IEC06000501 V3 EN-US
11.12.4 Signals
PID-6938-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6938-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The function does not have any parameters available in local HMI or Protection and Control IED
Manager (PCM600)
With integer 15 on the input INP the OUT1 = OUT2 = OUT3= OUT4 =1 and the remaining OUTx = 0
for (5≤x≤16).
OUTx represents a value when activated. The value of each of the OUTx is in accordance with the
table IB16_1. When not activated the OUTx has the value 0.
In the above example when integer 15 is on the input INP the OUT1 has a value =1, OUT2 has a
value =2, OUT3 has a value =4 and OUT4 has a value =8. The sum of these OUTx is equal to 1 + 2
+ 4 + 8 = 15.
This follows the general formulae: The sum of the values of all OUTx = 2x-1 where 1≤x≤16 will be
equal to the integer value on the input INP.
The Integer to Boolean 16 conversion function (IB16) will transfer an integer with a value between 0
to 65535 connected to the input INP to a combination of activated outputs OUTx where 1≤x≤16. The
sum of the values of all OUTx will then be equal to the integer on input INP. The values of the
different OUTx are according to the table below. When an OUTx is not activated, its value is 0.
When all OUTx where 1≤x≤16 are activated that is = Boolean 1 it corresponds to that integer 65535
is connected to input INP. The IB16 function is designed for receiving the integer input locally. If the
BLOCK input is activated, it will freeze the logical outputs at the last value.
Values of each of the different OUTx from function block IB16 for 1≤x≤16.
The sum of the value on each INx corresponds to the integer presented on the output OUT on the
function block IB16.
The sum of the numbers in column “Value when activated” when all OUTx (where x = 1 to 16) are
active that is=1; is 65535. 65535 is the highest integer that can be converted by the IB16 function
block.
11.13.1 Identification
SEMOD167944-2 v4
Integer to boolean conversion with logic node representation function (ITBGAPC) is used to
transform an integer which is transmitted over IEC 61850 and received by the function to 16 boolean
(logic) output signals.
ITBGAPC function can only receive remote values over IEC 61850 when the R/L (Remote/Local)
push button on the front HMI indicates that the control mode for the operator is in position R (Remote
i.e. the LED adjacent to R is lit), and the corresponding signal is connected to the input PSTO
ITBGAPC function block. The input BLOCK will freeze the output at the last received value and
blocks new integer values to be received and converted to binary coded outputs.
ITBGAPC
BLOCK OUT1
PSTO OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
OUT9
OUT10
OUT11
OUT12
OUT13
OUT14
OUT15
OUT16
IEC14000012-1-en.vsd
IEC14000012 V1 EN-US
11.13.4 Signals
PID-3627-INPUTSIGNALS v7
PID-3627-OUTPUTSIGNALS v7
11.13.5 Settings
GUID-F573CA16-4821-4203-970A-F7D01AF5E63B v1
This function does not have any setting parameters.
An example is used to explain the principle of operation: With integer 15 sent to and received by the
ITBGAPC function on the IEC 61850 the OUTx changes from 0 to 1 on each of the OUT1; OUT2
OUT3 and OUT4. All other OUTx (5≤x≤16) remains 0. The boolean interpretation of this is
represented by the assigned values of each of the outputs OUT1 = 1; and OUT2 = 2; and OUT3= 4;
and OUT4 = 8. The sum of these OUTx (1≤x≤4) is equal to the integer 15 received via the IEC 61850
network. The remaining OUTx = 0 for (5≤x≤16).
OUTx represents a value when activated. The value of each of the OUTx is in accordance with the
Table 226. When not activated the OUTx has the value 0.
The value of each OUTx for 1≤x≤16 (1≤x≤16) follows the general formulae: OUTx = 2x-1 The sum of
the values of all activated OUTx = 2x-1 where 1≤x≤16 will be equal to the integer value received over
IEC 61850 to the ITBGAPC_1 function block.
The Integer to Boolean 16 conversion with logic node representation function (ITBGAPC) will transfer
an integer with a value between 0 to 65535 communicated via IEC 61850 and connected to the
ITBGAPC function block to a combination of activated outputs OUTx where 1≤x≤16. The values
represented by the different OUTx are according to Table 226. When an OUTx is not activated, its
value is 0.
The ITBGAPC function is designed for receiving the integer input from a station computer - for
example, over IEC 61850. If the BLOCK input is activated, it will freeze the logical outputs at the last
value.
The sum of the numbers in column “Value when activated” when all OUTx (1≤x≤16) are active equals
65535. This is the highest integer that can be converted to boolean by the ITBGAPC function block.
The operator position input (PSTO) determines the operator place. The integer number that is
communicated to the ITBGAPC can only be written to the block while the PSTO is in position
“Remote”. If PSTO is in position ”Off” or ”Local”, then no changes are applied to the outputs.
Elapsed Time Integrator (TEIGAPC) function is a function that accumulates the elapsed time when a
given binary signal has been high, see also Figure 156.
BLOCK
RESET
IN Time Integration ACCTIME
with Retain
q-1
a
OVERFLOW
AND
a>b
999 999 s b
a
WARNING
AND
a>b
tWarning b
a
ALARM
AND
a>b
tAlarm b
IEC13000290 V2 EN-US
TEIGAPC
BLOCK WARNING
IN ALARM
RESET OVERFLOW
ACCTIME
IEC14000014-1-en.vsd
IEC14000014 V1 EN-US
11.14.4 Signals
PID-6836-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6836-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
11.14.5 Settings
PID-6836-SETTINGS v2
• time integration, accumulating the elapsed time when a given binary signal has been high
• blocking and reset of the total integrated time
• supervision of limit transgression and overflow, the overflow limit is fixed to 999999.9 seconds
• retaining of the integrated value
Figure 158 describes the simplified logic of the function where the block “Time Integration“ covers the
logics for the first two items listed above while the block “Transgression Supervision Plus
Retain“ contains the logics for the last two.
Loop Delay
tWarning
OVERFLOW
tAlarm
Transgression Supervision WARNING
Plus Retain
ALARM
BLOCK
RESET ACCTIME
Time Integration
IN
Loop Delay
IEC12000195-4-en.vsd
IEC12000195 V4 EN-US
The ACCTIME output represents the integrated time in seconds while tOverflow, tAlarm and
tWarning are the time limit parameters in seconds.
tAlarm and tWarning are user settable limits. They are also independent, that is, there is no check if
tAlarm > tWarning.
tAlarm and tWarning are possible to be defined with a resolution of 10 ms, depending on the level of
the defined values for the parameters.
The limit for the overflow supervision is fixed at 999999.9 seconds. The outputs freeze if an overflow
occurs.
In principle, a shorter function cycle time, longer integrated time length or more pulses may lead to
reduced accuracy.
The function gives the possibility to monitor the level of integer values in the system relative to each
other or to a fixed value. It is a basic arithmetic function that can be used for monitoring, supervision,
interlocking and other logics.
INTCOMP
INPUT INEQUAL
REF INHIGH
INLOW
IEC15000052-1-en.vsdx
IEC15000052 V1 EN-US
11.15.4 Signals
PID-6928-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6928-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
11.15.5 Settings
PID-6928-SETTINGS v2
The selection of reference value for comparison is done through setting RefSource. If RefSource is
selected as "Input REF" then the reference value for comparison is taken from second input signal
(REF). If RefSource is selected as "Set Value" then the reference value for comparison is taken from
setting (SetValue).
The comparison can be done either between absolute values or signed values, which is governed by
on the setting EnaAbs. If EnaAbs is selected as "Absolute" then both input and reference values are
converted into absolute values and comparison is done. If EnaAbs is selected as "Signed" then the
comparison is done without any conversion.
The function has three binary outputs representing the result of the comparison:
• If the input is above the reference value then INHIGH is set HIGH
• If the input is below the reference value then INLOW is set HIGH
• If the input is equal to reference value then INEQUAL is set HIGH
The function gives the possibility to monitor the level of real value signals in the system relative to
each other or to a fixed value. It is a basic arithmetic function that can be used for monitoring,
supervision, interlocking and other logics.
REALCOMP
INPUT INEQUAL
REF INHIGH
INLOW
IEC15000053-1-en.vsdx
IEC15000053 V1 EN-US
11.16.4 Signals
PID-7248-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-7248-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
11.16.5 Settings
The selection of reference value for comparison is done through setting RefSource. If RefSource is
selected as "Input REF" then the reference value for comparison is taken from second input signal
(REF). If RefSource is selected as "Set Value" then the reference value for comparison is taken from
setting (SetValue).
Generally the inputs to the function are in units, but when the comparison is to be done with respect
to set level, then the user can scale the reference value in steps of 1000, as per the setting RefPrefix.
Internally the function handles the reference value for comparator as SetValue*RefPrefix.
Additionally the comparison can be done either between absolute values or signed values, which is
determined by the setting EnaAbs. If EnaAbs is selected as "Absolute" then both input and reference
values are converted into absolute values and then comparison is done. If EnaAbs is selected as
"Signed" then the comparison is done without absolute conversion.
This function has two settings EqualBandHigh and EqualBandLow to provide margins from reference
value for equal to condition. When the INPUT value is within high and low band around the reference
value, output INEQUAL will get set.
In order to avoid oscillations at boundary conditions of equal band low limit and high limit, hysteresis
has been provided. If the INPUT is above the equal high level margin including hysteresis, then
INHIGH will set. Similarly if the INPUT is below the equal low level margin including hysteresis, then
INLOW will set.
EqualBandHigh
Internal
Equal Band REF or SetValue Hysteresis for
equal band
EqualBandLow
IEC15000261 V1 EN-US
When EnaAbs is set as absolute comparison and SetValue is set less than 0.1% of
the set unit then INLOW output will never pick up. During the above mentioned
condition, due to marginal value for avoiding oscillations of function outputs, the
INLOW output will never set.
Hold minimum and maximum of input (HOLDMINMAX) function will acquire, compare and hold the
minimum and maximum values of INPUT as soon as the START input goes to 1, the outputs are
updated as long as the START is 1. After START goes to 0, the last updated value is stored. The
outputs are reset when the RESET is 1.
HOLDMAXMIN
HOLDMINMAX
INPUT MAX
START MIN
RESET
IEC21000053-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000053 V1 EN-US
11.17.4 Signals
GUID-5B941634-5868-427A-80F8-9CA5740D3039 v1
PID-7882-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The converter integer to real (INT_REAL) function can be used to convert integer to real values.
INT_REAL
INT_REAL
INT REAL
IEC21000055-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000055 V1 EN-US
11.18.4 Signals
PID-7883-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7883-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The definable constant for logic function CONST_INT can be used to provide a constant output in an
integer format based on the set value in PST.
CONST_INT
CONST_INT
OUT
IEC21000056-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000056 V1 EN-US
11.19.4 Signals
PID-7894-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
11.19.5 Settings
PID-7894-SETTINGS v1
Analog input selector for integer values (INTSEL) selects one out of eight possible integer inputs.
Each input (INPUTx) has its dedicated select input (SELx). The function provides the output for the
value of the selected input, and its respective select number (INSEL).
If more than one input is selected, the output will be the lowest in order INPUT value. If inputs are not
selected, the select value number shall be 0.
INTSEL
INTSEL
INPUT1 VALUE
INPUT2 INSEL
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
SEL1
SEL2
SEL3
SEL4
SEL5
SEL6
SEL7
SEL8
IEC21000057-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000057 V1 EN-US
11.20.4 Signals
PID-7884-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7884-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The definable limiter (LIMITER) function can be used to limit the output values within the minimum
and maximum limits set in the PST. If the input is outside the set range then the value OUTLIMIT is
set to 1 to indicate the output value is limited.
LIMITER
LIMITER
IN OUT
OUTLIMIT
IEC21000064-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000064 V1 EN-US
11.21.4 Signals
PID-7881-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7881-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
11.21.5 Settings
PID-7881-SETTINGS v1
The absolute value (ABS) function gives the absolute value of the input.
ABS
ABS
IN OUT
IEC21000063-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000063 V1 EN-US
11.22.4 Signals
PID-7885-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7885-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The polar to rectangular converter (POL_REC) function gives the possibility to convert an input
values in polar form to a rectangular form.
11.23.4 Signals
PID-7887-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7887-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The radians to degree angle converter (RAD_DEG) function gives the possibility to convert an input
value from radian angles to degree angles.
RAD_DEG
RAD_DEG
RAD DEG
IEC21000058-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000058 V1 EN-US
11.24.4 Signals
PID-7886-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7886-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The definable constant for logic function (CONST_REAL) can be used to provide a constant output in
an real format based on the set value in PST.
CONST_REAL
CONST_REAL
OUT
IEC21000059-1-en.vsdx
GUID-6A878306-1E98-469E-9E4F-1B0C46381ADE V1 EN-US
11.25.4 Signals
PID-7888-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
11.25.5 Signals
PID-7888-SETTINGS v1
Analog input selector for real values (REALSEL) function selects one out of eight possible real
inputs. Each input (INPUTx) has its dedicated select input (SELx).
The function provides the output for the value of the selected input and its respective select number
(INSEL). If more than one input is selected, the output will be the lowest in order INPUT value. If
inputs are not selected, the select value number shall be 0.
REALSEL
REALSEL
INPUT1 VALUE
INPUT2 INSEL
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
SEL1
SEL2
SEL3
SEL4
SEL5
SEL6
SEL7
SEL8
IEC21000062-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000062 V1 EN-US
11.26.4 Signals
PID-7889-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7889-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The store value for integer inputs (STOREINT) function can be used to store the integer value upon
the trigger, the minimum trigger duration for it to be stored is 100ms. The stored value is reset to 0
when the RESET input is set to 1.
GUID-4AF5186E-2BF2-4D6D-AEAC-D1854A0D04EB V1 EN-US
11.27.4 Signals
PID-7890-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7890-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The store value for real inputs (STOREREAL) function can be used to store the real value upon the
trigger, the minimum trigger duration for it to be stored is 100ms. The stored value is reset to 0 when
the RESET input is set to 1.
STOREREAL
STOREREAL
IN STOREDVAL
TRIGGER
RESET
IEC21000060-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000060 V1 EN-US
11.28.4 Signals
PID-7891-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7891-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
The degree to radians angle converter (DEG_RAD) function gives the possibility to convert an input
value from degree angles to radian angles.
DEGTORAD
DEG_RAD
DEG RAD
IEC21000052-1-en.vsdx
IEC21000052 V1 EN-US
11.29.4 Signals
PID-7893-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-7893-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
Section 12 Monitoring
12.1 Measurements IP14593-1 v4
12.1.3 Identification
SEMOD56123-2 v8
SYMBOL-RR V1 EN-US
SYMBOL-SS V1 EN-US
SYMBOL-UU V1 EN-US
SYMBOL-VV V1 EN-US
SYMBOL-TT V1 EN-US
SYMBOL-UU V1 EN-US
Measurement functions are used for power system measurement, supervision and reporting to the
local HMI, monitoring tool within PCM600 or to station level for example, via IEC 61850. The
possibility to continuously monitor measured values of active power, reactive power, currents,
voltages, frequency, power factor etc. is vital for efficient production, transmission and distribution of
electrical energy. It provides to the system operator fast and easy overview of the present status of
the power system. Additionally, it can be used during testing and commissioning of protection and
control IEDs in order to verify proper operation and connection of instrument transformers (CTs and
VTs). During normal service by periodic comparison of the measured value from the IED with other
independent meters the proper operation of the IED analog measurement chain can be verified.
Finally, it can be used to verify proper direction orientation for distance or directional overcurrent
protection function.
The available measured values from an IED are depending on the actual hardware
(TRM) and the logic configuration made in PCM600.
All measured values can be supervised with four settable limits that is, low-low limit, low limit, high
limit and high-high limit. A zero clamping reduction is also supported, that is, the measured value
below a settable limit is forced to zero which reduces the impact of noise in the inputs.
Dead-band supervision can be used to report measured signal value to station level when change in
measured value is above set threshold limit or time integral of all changes since the last time value
updating exceeds the threshold limit. Measure value can also be based on periodic reporting.
The measurement function, CVMMXN, provides the following power system quantities:
,
The measuring functions CMMXU, VMMXU and VNMMXU provide physical quantities:
The CVMMXN function calculates three-phase power quantities by using fundamental frequency
phasors (DFT values) of the measured current and voltage signals. The measured power quantities
are available either, as instantaneously calculated quantities or, averaged values over a period of
time (low pass filtered) depending on the selected settings.
It is possible to calibrate the measuring function above to get better then class 0.5 presentation. This
is accomplished by angle and amplitude compensation at 5, 30 and 100% of rated current and at
100% of rated voltage.
The power system quantities provided, depends on the actual hardware, (TRM) and
the logic configuration made in PCM600.
The measuring functions CMSQI and VMSQI provide sequence component quantities:
The available function blocks of an IED are depending on the actual hardware (TRM) and the logic
configuration made in PCM600.
CVMMXN
I3P* S
U3P* S_RANGE
P_INST
P
P_RANGE
Q_INST
Q
Q_RANGE
PF
PF_RANGE
ILAG
ILEAD
U
U_RANGE
I
I_RANGE
F
F_RANGE
IEC10000016-1-en.vsd
IEC10000016 V1 EN-US
CMMXU
I3P* IL1
IL1RANG
IL1ANGL
IL2
IL2RANG
IL2ANGL
IL3
IL3RANG
IL3ANGL
IEC05000699-2-en.vsd
IEC05000699 V2 EN-US
VMMXU
U3P* UL12
UL12RANG
UL12ANGL
UL23
UL23RANG
UL23ANGL
UL31
UL31RANG
UL31ANGL
IEC05000701-2-en.vsd
IEC05000701 V2 EN-US
CMSQI
I3P* 3I0
3I0RANG
3I0ANGL
I1
I1RANG
I1ANGL
I2
I2RANG
I2ANGL
IEC05000703-2-en.vsd
IEC05000703 V2 EN-US
VMSQI
U3P* 3U0
3U0RANG
3U0ANGL
U1
U1RANG
U1ANGL
U2
U2RANG
U2ANGL
IEC05000704-2-en.vsd
IEC05000704 V2 EN-US
VNMMXU
U3P* UL1
UL1RANG
UL1ANGL
UL2
UL2RANG
UL2ANGL
UL3
UL3RANG
UL3ANGL
IEC09000850-1-en.vsd
IEC09000850 V1 EN-US
12.1.6 Signals
PID-6713-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6713-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6735-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6735-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6738-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6738-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6736-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6736-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6739-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6739-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6737-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6737-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
The available setting parameters of the measurement function (MMXU, MSQI) are depending on the
actual hardware (TRM) and the logic configuration made in PCM600.
These six functions are not handled as a group, so parameter settings are only available in the first
setting group.
The following terms are used in the Unit and Description columns:
• UBase (UB): Base voltage in primary kV. This voltage is used as reference for voltage setting. It
can be suitable to set this parameter to the rated primary voltage supervised object.
• IBase (IB): Base current in primary A. This current is used as reference for current setting. It can
be suitable to set this parameter to the rated primary current of the supervised object.
• SBase (SB): Base setting for power values in MVA.
PID-6713-SETTINGS v3
PID-6735-SETTINGS v3
PID-6738-SETTINGS v2
PID-6736-SETTINGS v3
PID-6739-SETTINGS v2
PID-6737-SETTINGS v2
PID-6735-MONITOREDDATA v3
PID-6738-MONITOREDDATA v2
PID-6736-MONITOREDDATA v3
PID-6739-MONITOREDDATA v2
PID-6737-MONITOREDDATA v2
The protection, control, and monitoring IEDs have functionality to measure and further process
information for currents and voltages obtained from the pre-processing blocks. The number of
processed alternate measuring quantities depends on the type of IED and built-in options.
The information on measured quantities is available for the user at different locations:
• Overfunction, when the measured quantity exceeds the High limit (XHiLim) or High-high limit
(XHiHiLim) pre-set values
• Underfunction, when the measured quantity decreases under the Low limit (XLowLim) or Low-
low limit (XLowLowLim) pre-set values.
X_RANGE = 3
High-high limit
X_RANGE= 1 Hysteresis
High limit
X_RANGE=0
X_RANGE=0 t
Low limit
X_RANGE=2
Low-low limit
X_RANGE=4
IEC05000657-3-en.vsdx
IEC05000657 V3 EN-US
The logical value of the functional output signals changes according to figure 179.
The user can set the hysteresis (XLimHyst), which determines the difference between the operating
and reset value at each operating point, in wide range for each measuring channel separately. The
hysteresis is common for all operating values within one channel.
In addition to the normal cyclic reporting the IED also report spontaneously when measured value
passes any of the defined threshold limits.
Y
Value Reported Value Reported
Value Reported Value Reported
(1st)
Y3 Value Reported
Y2 Y4
Y1 Y5
t
Value 1
Value 2
Value 3
Value 4
Value 5
IEC05000500 V2 EN-US
Value Reported
Y
IEC99000529-2-en.vsdx
IEC99000529 V2 EN-US
The last value reported, Y1 in figure 182 serves as a basic value for further measurement. A
difference is calculated between the last reported and the newly measured value and is multiplied by
the time increment (discrete integral). The absolute values of these integral values are added until
the pre-set value is exceeded. This occurs with the value Y2 that is reported and set as a new base
for the following measurements (as well as for the values Y3, Y4 and Y5).
The integral dead-band supervision is particularly suitable for monitoring signals with small variations
that can last for relatively long periods.
Y A1 >=
A >= pre-set value
A2 >=
pre-set value pre-set value
Y3 A3 + A4 + A5 + A6 + A7 >=
pre-set value
Y2 A1 A2
A4 A6
Value Reported Y4 A3 A5 A7
Value
(1st) Value
A Reported Y5
Reported Value
Reported Value
Y1 Reported
t
IEC99000530-2-en.vsdx
IEC99000530 V2 EN-US
Set value Formula used for complex, Formula used for voltage Comment
for three-phase power calculation and current magnitude
parameter calculation
“Mode”
1 L1, L2, L3 Used when three phase-to-
* * *
S = U L1 × I L1 + U L 2 × I L 2 + U L 3 × I L 3 U = ( U L1 + U L 2 + U L 3 ) / 3 earth voltages are available
EQUATION1385 V1 EN-US (Equation 41) I = ( I L1 + I L 2 + I L 3 ) / 3
Set value Formula used for complex, Formula used for voltage Comment
for three-phase power calculation and current magnitude
parameter calculation
“Mode”
4 L1L2 Used when only UL1L2
S = U L1 L 2 × ( I L*1 - I L* 2 ) U = U L1 L 2 phase-to-phase voltage is
available
(Equation 47)
I = ( I L1 + I L 2 ) / 2
EQUATION1391 V1 EN-US
(Equation 53)
I = I L1
EQUATION1397 V1 EN-US
(Equation 55)
I = IL2
EQUATION1399 V1 EN-US
(Equation 57)
I = I L3
EQUATION1401 V1 EN-US
It shall be noted that only in the first two operating modes that is, 1 & 2 the measurement function
calculates the three-phase power accurately. In other operating modes that is, from 3 to 9 it
calculates the three-phase power under assumption that the power system is fully symmetrical. Once
the complex apparent power is calculated then the P, Q, S, & PF are calculated in accordance with
the following formulas:
P = Re( S )
EQUATION1403 V1 EN-US (Equation 59)
Q = Im( S )
EQUATION1404 V1 EN-US (Equation 60)
S = S = P2 + Q2
EQUATION1405 V1 EN-US (Equation 61)
PF = cosj = P
S
EQUATION1406 V1 EN-US (Equation 62)
Additionally to the power factor value, the two binary output signals from the function are provided
which indicates the angular relationship between the current and voltage phasors. Binary output
signal ILAG is set TRUE when current phasor is lagging behind voltage phasor. Binary output signal
ILEAD is set TRUE when current phasor is leading the voltage phasor.
Each analogue output has a corresponding supervision level output (X_RANGE). The output signal is
an integer in the interval 0-4, see section "Measurement supervision".
IEC05000652 V2 EN-US
X = k × X Old + (1 - k ) × X Calculated
EQUATION1407 V1 EN-US (Equation 63)
where:
X is a new measured value (that is P, Q, S, U, I or PF) to be given out from the function
XOld is the measured value given from the measurement function in previous execution cycle
k is settable parameter by the end user which influence the filter properties
Default value for parameter k is 0.00. With this value the new calculated value is immediately given
out without any filtering (that is, without any additional delay). When k is set to value bigger than 0,
the filtering is enabled. Appropriate value of k shall be determined separately for every application.
Some typical value for k =0.14.
Directionality SEMOD54417-256 v7
If CT earthing parameter is set as described in section "Analog inputs", active and reactive power will
be always measured towards the protected object. This is shown in the following figure 184.
Busbar
IED
P Q
Protected
Object
IEC09000038-1-en.vsd
IEC09000038-1-EN V1 EN-US
In some application, for example, when power is measured on the secondary side of the power
transformer it might be desirable, from the end client point of view, to have actually opposite
directional convention for active and reactive power measurements. This can be easily achieved by
setting parameter PowAngComp to value of 180.0 degrees. With such setting the active and reactive
power will have positive values when they flow from the protected object towards the busbar.
Frequency SEMOD54417-261 v2
Frequency is actually not calculated within measurement block. It is simply obtained from the pre-
processing block and then just given out from the measurement block as an output.
The Phase current measurement (CMMXU) function must be connected to three-phase current input
in the configuration tool to be operable. Currents handled in the function can be calibrated to get
better then 0.5 class measuring accuracy for internal use, on the outputs and IEC 61850. This is
achieved by amplitude and angle compensation at 5, 30 and 100% of rated current. The
compensation below 5% and above 100% is constant and linear in between, see figure 183.
Phase currents (amplitude and angle) are available on the outputs and each amplitude output has a
corresponding supervision level output (ILx_RANG). The supervision output signal is an integer in
the interval 0-4, see section "Measurement supervision".
The voltage function must be connected to three-phase voltage input in the configuration tool to be
operable. Voltages are handled in the same way as currents when it comes to class 0.5 calibrations,
see above.
The voltages (phase-to-earth or phase-to-phase voltage, amplitude and angle) are available on the
outputs and each amplitude output has a corresponding supervision level output (ULxy_RANG). The
supervision output signal is an integer in the interval 0-4, see section "Measurement supervision".
The measurement functions must be connected to three-phase current (CMSQI) or voltage (VMSQI)
input in the configuration tool to be operable. No outputs, other than X_RANG, are calculated within
the measuring blocks and it is not possible to calibrate the signals. Input signals are obtained from
the pre-processing block and transferred to corresponding output.
Positive, negative and three times zero sequence quantities are available on the outputs (voltage and
current, amplitude and angle). Each amplitude output has a corresponding supervision level output
(X_RANGE). The output signal is an integer in the interval 0-4, see section "Measurement
supervision".
GUID-5E04B3F9-E1B7-4974-9C0B-DE9CD4A2408F v6
Phase angle at symmetrical load (0.1-4.0) × Ir ±1.0 degrees at 0.1 × Ir < I ≤ 0.5 × Ir
±0.5 degrees at 0.5 × Ir < I ≤ 4.0 × Ir
GUID-374C2AF0-D647-4159-8D3A-71190FE3CFE0 v5
GUID-9B8A7FA5-9C98-4CBD-A162-7112869CF030 v5
GUID-47094054-A828-459B-BE6A-D7FA1B317DA7 v6
GUID-ED634B6D-9918-464F-B6A4-51B78129B819 v6
12.2.2 Identification
GUID-AD96C26E-C3E5-4B21-9ED6-12E540954AC3 v5
Insulation supervision for gas medium (SSIMG) is used for monitoring the circuit breaker condition.
Binary information based on the gas pressure in the circuit breaker can be used as input to the
function. In addition, the function can be used with an analog value of gas pressure and temperature
of the insulation medium and binary inputs. The SSIMG function generates alarms based on the
received information.
SSIMG
BLOCK LOCKOU T
BLKALM PRESLO
SENPRES TEMPLO
SENTEMP ALARM
SENPRESQ PRESALM
SENTEMP Q TEMPALM
SENPRESALM PRESSURE
SENPRESLO TEMP
SETP LO
SETTLO
RESETLO
IEC09000129-3-en.vsdx
IEC09000129 V3 EN-US
12.2.5 Signals
GUID-89749F71-CAEB-4A57-A1F0-148CCF68E97E v3
PID-7402-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-7402-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
12.2.6 Settings
PID-7402-SETTINGS v2
Gas medium supervision SSIMG is used to monitor the gas pressure in the circuit breaker and
temperature of the medium. The gas pressure is monitored to detect low pressure. Binary inputs of
gas density SENPRESALM, SENPRESLO, and gas pressure signal SENPRES are considered to
initiate the gas pressure alarm PRESALM and the gas pressure lockout PRESLO.
If any gas pressure sensor measurement is available and connected to the function input, then gas
pressure sensor quality input also considered for pressure alarm and lockout detections.
Gas pressure alarm PRESALM is activated when any of the following condition occurs,
Gas pressure lockout PRESLO is activated when any of the following condition occurs,
Thus, the function can be used without any sensor inputs and allowing alarm and lockout outputs
based on binary inputs.
To avoid false alarms due to a sudden change in gas pressure, two time delays tPressureAlarm or
tPressureLO are included. If the pressure goes below the settings for more than these time delays,
the corresponding alarm PRESALM or lockout PRESLO will be initiated. The SETPLO binary input is
used for setting the gas pressure lockout PRESLO. The PRESLO output retains the last value until it
is reset by using the binary input RESETLO. The binary input BLKALM can be used to block the
alarms, and the BLOCK input can be used to block both alarm and the lockout indications.
Temperature of the medium is available from the input signal of temperature SENTEMP. The signal is
monitored to detect high temperature. If any gas temperature sensor measurement is available and
connected to the function input, then gas temperature sensor quality input also considered for
temperature alarm and lockout detections.
Temperature alarm TEMPALM is activated if temperature SENTEMP goes above the setting
TempAlarmLimit and quality input SENTEMPQ is high.
Temperature lockout TEMPLO is activated when any of the following condition occurs,
To avoid false alarms due to a sudden change in temperature, two time delays tTempAlarm or
tTempLockOut are included. If the temperature goes below the settings for more than these time
delays, the corresponding alarm TEMPALM or lockout TEMPLO will be initiated. The SETTLO binary
input is used for setting the gas pressure lockout TEMPLO. The TEMPLO output retains the last
value until it is reset by using the binary input RESETLO. The binary input BLKALM can be used to
block the alarms, and the BLOCK input can be used to block both alarm and the lockout indications.
The output ALARM goes high if the pressure alarm condition or the temperature alarm condition
exists. The output ALARM can be blocked by activating BLOCK or BLKALM inputs.
The output LOCKOUT goes high if the pressure lockout condition or the temperature lockout
condition exists and it gets reset by activating binary input RESETLO. The output LOCKOUT can be
blocked by activating BLOCK input.
12.3.2 Identification
GUID-4CE96EF6-42C6-4F2E-A190-D288ABF766F6 v4
Insulation supervision for liquid medium (SSIML) is used for monitoring the oil insulated device
condition. For example, transformers, shunt reactors, and so on. Binary information based on the
liquid level in the circuit breaker can be used as input to the function. In addition, the function can be
used with an analog value of liquid level and temperature of the insulation medium and binary inputs.
The function generates alarms based on the received information.
SSIML
BLOCK LOCKOU T
BLKALM LVLLO
SENLEVEL TEMPLO
SENTEMP ALARM
SENLVLQ LVLALM
SENTEMP Q TEMPALM
SENLVLALM LEVEL
SENLVLLO TEMP
SETLLO
SETTLO
RESETLO
IEC09000128-3-en.vsdx
IEC09000128 V3 EN-US
12.3.5 Signals
GUID-0C378BB3-2104-417F-94B5-16EFC55151FE v3
PID-7403-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-7403-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
12.3.6 Settings
PID-7403-SETTINGS v2
Liquid medium supervision SSIML is used to monitor the oil level and temperature of oil in the oil
insulated devices. The liquid level is monitored to detect low liquid level. Binary inputs of oil level
SENLVLALM, SENLVLLO, and gas pressure signal SENLEVEL are considered to initiate the liquid
level alarm LVLALM and the liquid level alarm lockout LVLLO.
If any liquid level sensor measurement is available and connected to the function input, then liquid
level sensor quality input also considered for level alarm and lockout detections.
Liquid level alarm LVLALM is activated when any of the following condition occurs,
Liquid level lockout LVLLO is activated when any of the following condition occurs,
Thus, the function can be used without any sensor inputs and allowing alarm and lockout outputs
based on binary inputs.
To avoid false alarm due to the sudden change in the oil level, two time delays tLevelAlarm or
tLevelLockOut are included. If the pressure goes below the settings for more than these time delays,
the corresponding alarm LVLALM or lockout LVLLO will be initiated. The SETLLO binary input is
used for setting the liquid level lockout LVLLO. The LVLLO output retains the last value until it is reset
by using the binary input RESETLO. The binary input BLKALM can be used to block the alarms, and
the BLOCK input can be used to block both alarm and the lockout indications.
Temperature of the medium is available from the input signal of temperature. The signal is monitored
to detect high temperature. If any oil temperature sensor measurement is available and connected to
the function input, then oil temperature sensor quality input also considered for temperature alarm
and lockout detections.
Temperature alarm TEMPALM is activated if temperature SENTEMP goes above the setting
TempAlarmLimit and quality input SENTEMPQ is high.
Temperature lockout TEMPLO is activated when any of the following condition occurs,
To avoid false alarm due to the sudden change in the temperature, two time delays tTempAlarm or
tTempLockOut are included. If the temperature goes below the settings for more than these time
delays, the corresponding alarm TEMPALM or lockout TEMPLO will be initiated. The SETTLO binary
input is used for setting the gas pressure lockout TEMPLO. The TEMPLO output retains the last
value until it is reset by using the binary input RESETLO. The binary input BLKALM can be used to
block the alarms, and the BLOCK input can be used to block both alarm and the lockout indications.
The output ALARM goes high if the pressure alarm condition or the temperature alarm condition
exists. The output ALARM can be blocked by activating BLOCK or BLKALM inputs.
The output LOCKOUT goes high if the pressure lockout condition or the temperature lockout
condition exists and it gets reset by activating binary input RESETLO. The output LOCKOUT can be
blocked by activating BLOCK input.
The circuit breaker condition monitoring function (SSCBR) is used to monitor different parameters of
the breaker condition. The breaker requires maintenance when the number of operations reaches a
predefined value. For a proper functioning of the circuit breaker, it is essential to monitor the circuit
breaker operation, spring charge indication or breaker wear, travel time, number of operation cycles
and estimate the accumulated energy during arcing periods. Each SCCBR function instance is made
to be used with a 1-pole, 1-phase breaker.
SSCBR
I3P* OPENPOS
BLOCK CLOSEPOS
BLKALM INVDPOS
TRIND TRCMD
POSOPEN TRVTOPAL
POSCLOSE TRVTCLAL
PRESALM OPERALM
PRESLO OPERLO
SPRCHRST CBLIFEAL
SPRCHRD MONALM
RSTCBWR IPOWALPH
RSTTRVT IPOWLOPH
RSTIPOW SPCHALM
RSTSPCHT GPRESALM
GPRESLO
IEC13000231-2-en.vsd
IEC13000231 V2 EN-US
12.4.4 Signals
PID-3267-INPUTSIGNALS v10
PID-3267-OUTPUTSIGNALS v10
12.4.5 Settings
PID-3267-SETTINGS v10
The breaker monitoring function includes metering and monitoring subfunctions. The subfunctions
can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are On
and Off.
The operation of the subfunctions is described by the module diagram as shown in figure 188. All the
modules in the diagram are explained in subsequent sections.
I3P-ILRMSPH
POSCLOSE TTRVOP
POSOPEN CB Contact Travel TTRVCL
BLOCK Time TRVTOPAL
BLKALM TRVTCLAL
RSTTRVT
OPENPOS
CB Status CLOSEPOS
INVDPOS
CBLIFEAL
Remaining Life of CB
CBLIFEPH
RSTCBWR
TRCMD
Accumulated IPOWALPH
energy
I3P-IL IPOWLOPH
TRIND
IPOWPH
RSTIPOW
CB Operation OPERALM
Cycles NOOPER
CB Operation MONALM
Monitoring INADAYS
SPCHALM
SPRCHRST CB Spring Charge SPCHT
SPRCHRD Monitoring
RSTSPCHT
The circuit breaker contact travel time sub function calculates the breaker contact travel time for
opening and closing operations. The operation of the breaker contact travel time measurement is
described in figure189.
POSCLOSE TTRVOP
Contact travel
POSOPEN time TTRVCL
calculation
RSTTRVT
TRVTOPAL
Alarm limit
BLOCK check TRVTCLAL
BLKALM
IEC12000615-2-en.vsd
IEC12000615 V2 EN-US
Figure 189: Functional module diagram for circuit breaker contact travel time
Main Contact
1
0
POSCLOSE
POSOPEN
1
t1 tOpen t2 t3 tClose t4
IEC12000616 V2 EN-US
The last measured opening travel time (TTRVOP) and the closing travel time (TTRVCL) are given as
service values.
The values can be reset using the Clear menu on the LHMI or by activation the input RSTCBWR.
It is also possible to block the TRVTCLAL and TRVTOPAL alarm signals by activating the BLKALM
input.
The circuit breaker status subfunction monitors the position of the circuit breaker, that is, whether the
breaker is in the open, closed or error position. The operation is described in figure 191.
Phase current
I3P-ILRMSPH
check
OPENPOS
Contact
POSCLOSE position CLOSEPOS
indicator
POSOPEN INVDPOS
IEC12000613-3-en.vsd
IEC12000613 V3 EN-US
Figure 191: Functional module diagram for monitoring circuit breaker status
The status of the breaker is indicated with the binary outputs OPENPOS, CLOSEPOS and INVDPOS
for open, closed and error position respectively.
The Remaining life of circuit breaker subfunction is used to give an indication on the wear and tear of
the circuit breaker. Every time the breaker operates, the life of the circuit breaker reduces due to
wear. The breaker wear depends on the interrupted current. The remaining life of the breaker is
estimated from the circuit breaker trip curve provided by the manufacturer. The remaining life is
decreased by at least one when the circuit breaker is opened. The operation of the remaining life of
circuit breaker subfunction is described in figure 192.
I3P-ILRMSPH
CB remaining CBLIFEPH
POSCLOSE life estimation
RSTCBWR
Alarm limit
BLOCK CBLIFEAL
Check
BLKALM
IEC12000620-3-en.vsd
IEC12000620 V3 EN-US
Figure 192: Functional module diagram for estimating the life of the circuit breaker
It is possible to deactivate the CBLIFEAL alarm signal by activating the binary input BLKALM.
The old circuit breaker operation counter value can be used by adding the value to the
InitCBRemLife parameter. The value can be reset using the Clear menu from LHMI or by activating
the input RSTCBWR.
The Accumulated energy subfunction calculates the accumulated energy (Iyt) based on current
samples, where the setting CurrExponent (y) ranges from 0.5 to 3.0. The operation is described in
figure 193.
The TRCMD output is enabled when either of the trip indications from the trip coil circuit TRIND is
high or the breaker status is OPENPOS.
I3P-IL
TRCMD
I3P-ILRMSPH Accumulated
POSCLOSE energy
calculation IPOWPH
TRIND
LRSTIPOW
IPOWALPH
Alarm limit
BLOCK Check IPOWLOPH
BLKALM
IEC12000619-3-en.vsd
IEC12000619 V3 EN-US
The calculation is initiated with the POSCLOSE or TRIND input events. It ends when the RMS
current is lower than the AccStopCurr setting.
The ContTrCorr setting is used to determine the accumulated energy in relation to the time the main
contact opens. If the setting is positive, the calculation of energy starts after the auxiliary contact has
opened and the delay equal to the value of the ContTrCorr setting has passed. When the setting is
negative, the calculation starts in advance by the correction time in relation to when the auxiliary
contact opened.
open open
POSCLOSE 1 POSCLOSE 1
0 0
Energy Energy
Accumulation Accumulation
starts starts
ContTrCorr ContTrCorr
(Negative) (Positive)
IEC12000618_1_en.vsd
IEC12000618 V1 EN-US
The accumulated energy output IPOWPH is provided as a service value. The value can be reset by
enabling RSTIPOW through LHMI or by activating the input RSTIPOW.
IPOWLOPH is activated when the accumulated energy exceeds the limit of the LOAccCurrPwr
setting.
The IPOWALPH and IPOWLOPH outputs can be blocked by activating the binary input BLKALM.
The circuit breaker operation cycles subfunction counts the number of closing-opening sequences of
the breaker. The operation counter value is updated after each closing-opening sequence. The
operation is described in figure195.
POSCLOSE
Operation
POSOPEN NOOPER
counter
RSTCBWR
OPERALM
Alarm limit
BLOCK
Check
OPERLO
BLKALM
IEC12000617 V2 EN-US
Figure 195: Functional module diagram for circuit breaker operation cycles
Operation counter
The operation counter counts the number of operations based on the state of change of the auxiliary
contact inputs POSCLOSE and POSOPEN.
The number of operations NOOPER is given as a service value. The old circuit breaker operation
counter value can be used by adding the value to the InitCounterVal parameter and can be reset by
Clear CB wear in the Clear menu on the LHMI or activating the input RSTCBWR.
If the number of operations increases and exceeds the limit value set with the OperLOLevel setting,
the OPERLO output is activated.
The binary outputs OPERALM and OPERALO are deactivated when the BLKALM input is activated.
The circuit breaker operation monitoring subfunction indicates the inactive days of the circuit breaker
and gives an alarm when the number of days exceed the set level. The operation of the circuit
breaker operation monitoring is shown in figure 196.
POSCLOSE
Inactive timer INADAYS
POSOPEN
Figure 196: Functional module diagram for circuit breaker operation monitoring
Inactive timer
The Inactive timer module calculates the number of days the circuit breaker has remained in the
same open or closed state. The value is calculated by monitoring the states of the POSOPEN and
POSCLOSE auxiliary contacts.
The number of inactive days INADAYS is available as a service value. The initial number of inactive
days is set using the InitInactDays parameter.
The circuit breaker spring charge monitoring subfunction calculates the spring charging time. The
operation is described in figure 197.
SPRCHRST
Spring charging
SPRCHRD time SPCHT
measurement
RSTSPCHT
Alarm limit
BLOCK SPCHALM
Check
BLKALM
IEC12000621 V2 EN-US
Figure 197: Functional module diagram for circuit breaker spring charge indication
The binary input SPRCHRST indicates the start of circuit breaker spring charging time. SPRCHRD
indicates that the circuit breaker spring is charged. The spring charging time is calculated from the
difference of these two signal timings. Spring charging indication is described in figure 197.
The last measured spring charging time SPCHT is provided as a service value. The spring charging
time SPCHT can be reset on the LHMI or by activating the input RSTSPCHT.
It is possible to block the SPCHALM alarm signal by activating the BLKALM binary input.
The circuit breaker gas pressure indication subfunction monitors the gas pressure inside the arc
chamber. The operation is described in figure 198.
PRESALM
tDGasPresAlm
BLOCK AND t GPRESALM
BLKALM
tDGasPresLO
PRESLO AND t GPRESLO
IEC12000622 V3 EN-US
Figure 198: Functional module diagram for circuit breaker gas pressure indication
When the PRESALM binary input is activated, the GPRESALM output is activated after a time delay
set with the tDGasPresAlm setting. The GPRESALM alarm can be blocked by activating the
BLKALM input.
If the pressure drops further to a very low level, the PRESLO binary input goes high, activating the
lockout alarm GPRESLO after a time delay set with the tDGasPresLO setting. The GPRESLO alarm
can be blocked by activating the BLKALM input.
The binary input BLOCK can be used to block the function. The activation of the BLOCK input
deactivates all outputs and resets internal timers. The alarm signals from the function can be blocked
by activating the binary input BLKALM.
12.5.1 Identification
SEMOD167950-2 v2
When using a Substation Automation system with LON or SPA communication, time-tagged events
can be sent at change or cyclically from the IED to the station level. These events are created from
any available signal in the IED that is connected to the Event function (EVENT). The EVENT function
block is used for LON and SPA communication.
Analog, integer and double indication values are also transferred through the EVENT function.
EVENT
BLOCK
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
^INPUT9
^INPUT10
^INPUT11
^INPUT12
^INPUT13
^INPUT14
^INPUT15
^INPUT16
IEC05000697-2-en.vsd
IEC05000697 V2 EN-US
PID-4145-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-4145-SETTINGS v6
The main purpose of the Event function (EVENT) is to generate events when the state or value of
any of the connected input signals is in a state, or is undergoing a state transition, for which event
generation is enabled.
Each EVENT function has 16 inputs INPUT1 - INPUT16. Each input can be given a name from the
Application Configuration tool. The inputs are normally used to create single events, but are also
intended for double indication events. For double indications, only the first eight inputs, 1–8, must be
used. Inputs 9–16 can be used for other types of events in the same EVENT block.
The EVENT function also has an input BLOCK to block the generation of events.
Events that are sent from the IED can originate from both internal logical signals and binary input
channels. The internal signals are time-tagged in the main processing module, while the binary input
channels are time-tagged directly on the input module. Time-tagging of the events that are originated
from internal logical signals have a resolution corresponding to the execution cycle-time of the source
application. Time-tagging of the events that are originated from binary input signals have a resolution
of 1 ms.
The outputs from the EVENT function are formed by the reading of status, events and alarms by the
station level on every single input. The user-defined name for each input is intended to be used by
the station level.
All events according to the event mask are stored in a buffer, which contains up to 1000 events. If
new events appear before the oldest event in the buffer is read, the oldest event is overwritten and
an overflow alarm appears.
Events are produced according to set event masks. The event masks are treated commonly for both
the LON and SPA communication. An EventMask can be set individually for each input channel.
These settings are available:
• NoEvents
• OnSet
• OnReset
• OnChange
• AutoDetect
It is possible to define which part of the EVENT function generates the events. This can be
performed individually for communication types SPAChannelMask and LONChannelMask. For each
communication type these settings are available:
• Off
• Channel 1-8
• Channel 9-16
• Channel 1-16
For LON communication, events are normally sent to station level at change. It is also possible to set
a time for cyclic sending of the events individually for each input channel.
To protect the SA system from signals with a high change rate that can easily saturate the EVENT
function or the communication subsystems behind it, a quota limiter is implemented. If an input
creates events at a rate that completely consume the granted quota then further events from the
channel will be blocked. This block will be removed when the input calms down and the accumulated
quota reach 66% of the maximum burst quota. The maximum burst quota per input channel is 45
events per second.
12.6.1 Identification
M16055-1 v9
Complete and reliable information about disturbances in the primary and/or in the secondary system
together with continuous event-logging is accomplished by the disturbance report functionality.
Disturbance report (DRPRDRE), always included in the IED, acquires sampled data of all selected
analog input and binary signals connected to the function block with a maximum of 40 analog and
352 binary signals.
• Event list
• Indications
• Event recorder
• Trip value recorder
• Disturbance recorder
• Settings information
The Disturbance report function is characterized by great flexibility regarding configuration, starting
conditions, recording times, and large storage capacity.
Every disturbance report recording is saved in the IED in the standard COMTRADE format. In the
COMTRADE1999 format it is saved as a header file HDR, a configuration file CFG, and a data file
DAT. In the COMTRADE2013 format, it is saved as CFF single file format. The same applies to all
events, which are continuously saved in a ring-buffer. The local HMI is used to get information about
the recordings. The disturbance report files can be uploaded to PCM600 for further analysis using
the disturbance handling tool.
M12510-3 v3
DRPRDRE
DRPOFF
RECSTART
RECMADE
CLEARED
MEMUSED
IEC05000406-3-en.vsd
IEC05000406 V3 EN-US
A1RADR
^GRP INPUT1
^GRP INPUT2
^GRP INPUT3
^GRP INPUT4
^GRP INPUT5
^GRP INPUT6
^GRP INPUT7
^GRP INPUT8
^GRP INPUT9
^GRP INPUT10
IEC05000430-4-en.vsdx
IEC05000430 V4 EN-US
A4RADR
^INPUT31
^INPUT32
^INPUT33
^INPUT34
^INPUT35
^INPUT36
^INPUT37
^INPUT38
^INPUT39
^INPUT40
IEC05000431-3-en.vsd
IEC05000431 V3 EN-US
B1RBDR
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
^INPUT9
^INPUT10
^INPUT11
^INPUT12
^INPUT13
^INPUT14
^INPUT15
^INPUT16
IEC05000432-3-en.vsd
IEC05000432 V3 EN-US
Figure 203: B1RBDR function block, binary inputs, example for B1RBDR - B22RBDR
12.6.4 Signals
PID-7839-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
GUID-48019111-7303-40FE-A292-65FDFB6AE686 v2
GUID-D025D5D9-A0F3-4A00-891A-63AD5F609A77
PID-4017-INPUTSIGNALS v3
v6
PID-3798-INPUTSIGNALS v6
GUID-D3A8067F-80F8-4174-BD2D-4C43F4B99020 v3
B2RBDR to B22RBDR functions have the same input signal specifications as B1RBDR but with
different numbering:
12.6.5 Settings
PID-7839-SETTINGS v1
PID-4014-SETTINGS v7
GUID-E05EEC82-CB90-4E73-B9C9-4C16FD95FCBF v1
A2RADR to A4RADR functions have the same Non group settings (basic) as A1RADR but with
different numbering:
A2RADR to A4RADR functions have the same Non group settings (advanced) as A1RADR but with
different numbering (examples given in brackets):
GUID-8702C5B9-05A3-4E61-8952-C66483FFDFE2 v4
B2RBDR to B22RBDR functions have the same Non group settings (basic) as B1RBDR but with
different numbering (examples given in brackets):
B2RBDR to B22RBDR functions have the same Non group settings (advanced) as B1RBDR but with
different numbering (examples given in brackets):
Figure 204 shows the relations between Disturbance Report, included functions and function blocks.
Event list (EL), Event recorder (ER) and Indications (IND) use information from the binary input
function blocks (BxRBDR). Trip value recorder (TVR) use analog information from the analog input
function blocks (AxRADR). Disturbance recorder DRPRDRE acquires information from both AxRADR
and BxRBDR.
DRPRDRE
Analog signals
Trip value rec
BxRBDR Disturbance
recorder
Binary signals
Event list
Event recorder
Indications
IEC09000337-3-en.vsdx
IEC09000337 V3 EN-US
Disturbance report
General dist.
Trip Event Disturbance Event list
Information & Setting Indications
values recordings recording
infotrmation
IEC20000222-1-en.vsdx
IEC20000222 V1 EN-US
The IED flash disk should not be used to store any user files. This causes lack of
space for new disturbance recordings.
During post processing of the disturbance record, the header file is updated with a section called
Settings . Settings has complete setting values of the configured components that are read during
the trigger time. The setting values, runtime status and the behavior of each component are
compared between the trigger and the post processing time. If there are any differences, then it will
be added in the header file under section Changed_settings.
In the HDR file, section tag Settings has an attribute tag called function which includes parameters
that are grouped based on the function instance. The function tag has content called name which is
the function name provided together with the user-defined name in brackets similar to the HMI.
Status content will indicate the runtime status of the function and beh content will indicate the
IEC61850 behavior of the components, if supported. Non runtime components will not have status
and beh tag contents.
Parameters of the function are listed as a child tag Set with contents name, value and unit:
The changed_settings attribute tag is similar to the settings section. It contains functions which have
changes in parameter value or runtime status or IEC61850 behavior when compared with trigger and
post-processing settings values.
Trig point
TimeLimit
PreFaultRecT PostFaultRecT
1 2 3
en05000487.vsd
IEC05000487 V1 EN-US
PreFaultRecT, 1 Pre-fault or pre-trigger recording time. The time before the fault including the operate time of the
trigger. Use the setting PreFaultRecT to set this time.
tFault, 2 Fault time of the recording. The fault time cannot be set. It continues as long as any valid trigger
condition, binary or analog, persists (unless limited by TimeLimit the limit time).
PostFaultRecT, 3 Post fault recording time. The time the disturbance recording continues after all activated triggers
are reset. Use the setting PostFaultRecT to set this time.
TimeLimit Limit time. The maximum allowed recording time after the disturbance recording was triggered.
The limit time is used to eliminate the consequences of a trigger that does not reset within a
reasonable time interval. It limits the maximum recording time of a recording and prevents
subsequent overwriting of already stored disturbances. Use the setting TimeLimit to set this time.
SMAI A1RADR
Block AI3P A2RADR
^GRP2L1 AI1 INPUT1 A3RADR
External
analogue ^GRP2L2 AI2 INPUT2
signals ^GRP2L3 AI3 INPUT3
^GRP2N AI4 INPUT4
Type AIN INPUT5
INPUT6
...
A4RADR
INPUT31
INPUT32
INPUT33
Internal analogue signals INPUT34
INPUT35
INPUT36
...
INPUT40
IEC10000029-1-en.vsd
IEC10000029 V1 EN-US
If the IED is preconfigured the only tool needed for analog configuration of the Disturbance report is
the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT, external signal configuration). In case of modification of a preconfigured
IED or general internal configuration the Application Configuration tool within PCM600 is used.
The preprocessor function block (SMAI) calculates the residual quantities in cases where only the
three phases are connected (AI4-input not used). SMAI makes the information available as a group
signal output, phase outputs and calculated residual output (AIN-output). In situations where AI4-
input is used as an input signal the corresponding information is available on the non-calculated
output (AI4) on the SMAI function block. Connect the signals to the AxRADR accordingly.
For each of the analog signals, Operation = On means that it is recorded by the disturbance recorder.
The trigger is independent of the setting of Operation, and triggers even if operation is set to Off.
Both undervoltage and overvoltage can be used as trigger conditions. The same applies for the
current signals.
If Operation = Off, no waveform (samples) will be recorded and reported in graph. However, Trip
value, pre-fault and fault value will be recorded and reported. The input channel can still be used to
trig the disturbance recorder.
If Operation = On, waveform (samples) will also be recorded and reported in graph.
The analog signals are presented only in the disturbance recording, but they affect the entire
disturbance report when being used as triggers.
Each of the 352 signals can be selected as a trigger of the disturbance report (Operation = On). A
binary signal can be selected to activate the red LED on the local HMI (SetLED = On ).
The selected signals are presented in the event recorder, event list and the disturbance recording.
But they affect the whole disturbance report when they are used as triggers. The indications are also
selected from these 352 signals with local HMI IndicationMask = Show/Hide.
• Manual trigger
• Binary-signal trigger
• Analog-signal trigger (over/under function)
The check of the trigger condition is based on peak-to-peak values. When this is found, the absolute
average value of these two peak values is calculated. If the average value is above the threshold
level for an overvoltage or overcurrent trigger, this trigger is indicated with a greater than (>) sign with
the user-defined name.
If the average value is below the set threshold level for an undervoltage or undercurrent trigger, this
trigger is indicated with a less than (<) sign with its name. The procedure is separately performed for
each channel.
This method of checking the analog start conditions gives a function which is insensitive to DC offset
in the signal. The operate time for this start is typically in the range of one cycle, 20 ms for a 50 Hz
network.
All under/over trig signal information is available on the local HMI and PCM600.
The Logical signal status report (BINSTATREP) function makes it possible for a SPA master to poll
signals from various other functions.
BINSTATREP
BLOCK OUTPUT1
^INPUT1 OUTPUT2
^INPUT2 OUTPUT3
^INPUT3 OUTPUT4
^INPUT4 OUTPUT5
^INPUT5 OUTPUT6
^INPUT6 OUTPUT7
^INPUT7 OUTPUT8
^INPUT8 OUTPUT9
^INPUT9 OUTPUT10
^INPUT10 OUTPUT11
^INPUT11 OUTPUT12
^INPUT12 OUTPUT13
^INPUT13 OUTPUT14
^INPUT14 OUTPUT15
^INPUT15 OUTPUT16
^INPUT16
IEC09000730-1-en.vsd
IEC09000730 V1 EN-US
12.7.4 Signals
PID-4144-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-4144-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
12.7.5 Settings
PID-4144-SETTINGS v6
The Logical signal status report (BINSTATREP) function has 16 inputs and 16 outputs. The output
status follows the inputs and can be read from the local HMI or via SPA communication.
When an input is set, the respective output is set for a user defined time. If the input signal remains
set for a longer period, the output will remain set until the input signal resets.
INPUTn
OUTPUTn
t t
IEC09000732-1-en.vsd
IEC09000732 V1 EN-US
12.8.1 Identification
SEMOD113212-2 v3
The current and voltage measurements functions (CVMMXN, CMMXU, VMMXU and VNMMXU),
current and voltage sequence measurement functions (CMSQI and VMSQI) and IEC 61850 generic
communication I/O functions (MVGAPC) are provided with measurement supervision functionality. All
measured values can be supervised with four settable limits: low-low limit, low limit, high limit and
high-high limit. The measure value expander block (RANGE_XP) has been introduced to enable
translating the integer output signal from the measuring functions to 5 binary signals: below low-low
limit, below low limit, normal, above high limit or above high-high limit. The output signals can be
used as conditions in the configurable logic or for alarming purpose.
RANGE_XP
RANGE* HIGHHIGH
HIGH
NORMAL
LOW
LOWLOW
IEC05000346-2-en.vsd
IEC05000346 V2 EN-US
PID-3819-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3819-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
The input signal must be connected to a range output of a measuring function block (CVMMXN,
CMMXU, VMMXU, VNMMXU, CMSQI, VMSQ or MVGAPC). The function block converts the input
integer value to five binary output signals according to table 339.
Measured supervised below low- between low‐ between low between above high-high limit
value is: low limit low and low and high limit high-high and
Output: limit high limit
LOWLOW High
LOW High
NORMAL High
HIGH High
HIGHHIGH High
12.9.1 Identification
GUID-F3FB7B33-B189-4819-A1F0-8AC7762E9B7E v3
The Limit counter (L4UFCNT) provides a settable counter with four independent limits where the
number of positive and/or negative flanks on the input signal are counted against the setting values
for limits. The output for each limit is activated when the counted value reaches that limit.
BLOCK
INPUT
Operation
Counter
RESET
VALUE
Overflow
CountType Detection OVERFLOW
OnMaxValue
Limit LIMIT1 … 4
MaxValue Check
CounterLimit1...4
Error ERROR
Detection
InitialValue
IEC12000625_1_en.vsd
IEC12000625 V1 EN-US
• Stops counting and activates a steady overflow indication for the next count
• Rolls over to zero and activates a steady overflow indication for the next count
• Rolls over to zero and activates a pulsed overflow indication for the next count
The pulsed overflow output lasts up to the first count after rolling over to zero, as illustrated in figure
212.
Overflow indication
Actual value ... Max value -1® Max value ® Max value +1 ® Max value +2 ® Max value +3 ...
IEC12000626_1_en.vsd
IEC12000626 V1 EN-US
The function can be blocked through a block input. During the block time, input is not counted and
outputs remain in their previous states. However, the counter can be initialized after reset of the
function. In this case the outputs remain in their initial states until the release of the block input.
Reset of the counter can be performed from the local HMI or via a binary input.
Reading of content and resetting of the function can also be performed remotely, for example from a
IEC 61850 client. The value can also be presented as a measurement on the local HMI graphical
display.
L4UFCNT
BLOCK ERROR
INPUT OVERFLOW
RESET LIMIT1
LIMIT2
LIMIT3
LIMIT4
VALUE
IEC12000029-1-en.vsd
IEC12000029 V1 EN-US
12.9.5 Signals
PID-6966-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6966-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
12.9.6 Settings
PID-6966-SETTINGS v2
The Running hour-meter (TEILGAPC) function is a function that accumulates the elapsed time when
a given binary signal has been high, see also figure 214.
BLOCK
RESET
IN Time Accumulation ACC_HOUR
ADDTIME with Retain
ACC_DAY
tAddToTime
q-1
OVERFLOW
a
&
a>b
99 999.9 h b
WARNING
a
&
a>b
tWarning b
ALARM
a
&
a>b
tAlarm b
IEC15000321 V1 EN-US
TEILGAPC
BLOCK ALARM
IN WARNING
ADDTIME OVERFLOW
RESET ACC_HOUR
ACC_DAY
IEC15000323.vsdx
IEC15000323 V1 EN-US
12.10.4 Signals
PID-6998-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6998-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
12.10.5 Settings
PID-6998-SETTINGS v1
Loop Delay
tWarning
OVERFLOW
tAlarm
Transgression Supervision WARNING
Plus Retain
ALARM
BLOCK
RESET ACC_HOUR
Time Accumulation
IN
ADDTIME ACC_DAY
tAddToTime
Loop Delay
IEC15000322.vsd
IEC15000322 V1 EN-US
The ACC_HOURoutput represents the accumulated time in hours and the ACC_DAY output
represents the accumulated time in days.
tAlarm and tWarning are user settable time limit parameters in hours. They are also independent of
each other, that is, there is no check if tAlarm > tWarning.
tAlarm, tWarning and tAddToTime are possible to be defined with a resolution of 0.1 hours (6
minutes).
The limit for the overflow supervision is fixed at 99999.9 hours. The outputs will reset and the
accumulated time will reset and start from zero if an overflow occurs.
Consequently in case of a power failure, there is a risk of losing the difference in time between actual
time and last time stored in the non-volatile memory.
Section 13 Metering
13.1 Pulse-counter logic PCFCNT IP14600-1 v3
13.1.1 Identification
M14879-1 v4
S00947 V1 EN-US
Pulse-counter logic (PCFCNT) function counts externally generated binary pulses, for instance
pulses coming from an external energy meter, for calculation of energy consumption values. The
pulses are captured by the binary input module and then read by the PCFCNT function. A scaled
service value is available over the station bus. The special Binary input module with enhanced pulse
counting capabilities must be ordered to achieve this functionality.
PCFCNT
BLOCK INVALID
READ_VAL RESTART
BI_PULSE* BLOCKED
RS_CNT NEW_VAL
SCAL_VAL
IEC14000043-1-en.vsd
IEC09000335 V3 EN-US
13.1.4 Signals
PID-6509-INPUTSIGNALS v4
PID-6509-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
13.1.5 Settings
PID-6509-SETTINGS v4
M13397-3 v5
The registration of pulses is done for positive transitions (0->1) on one of the 16 binary input
channels located on the Binary Input Module (BIM). Pulse counter values are sent to the station HMI
with predefined cyclicity without reset.
The reporting time period can be set in the range from 1 second to 60 minutes and is synchronized
with absolute system time. Interrogation of additional pulse counter values can be done with a
command (intermediate reading) for a single counter. All active counters can also be read by the
LON General Interrogation command (GI) or IEC 61850.
Pulse-counter logic (PCFCNT) function in the IED supports unidirectional incremental counters. That
means only positive values are possible. The counter uses a 32 bit format, that is, the reported value
is a 32-bit, signed integer with a range 0...+2147483647. The counter is reset at initialization of the
IED.
The reported value to station HMI over the station bus contains Identity, Scaled Value (pulse count x
scale), Time, and Pulse Counter Quality. The Pulse Counter Quality consists of:
The transmission of the counter value by SPA can be done as a service value, that is, the value
frozen in the last integration cycle is read by the station HMI from the database. PCFCNT updates
the value in the database when an integration cycle is finished and activates the NEW_VAL signal in
the function block. This signal can be connected to an Event function block, be time tagged, and
transmitted to the station HMI. This time corresponds to the time when the value was frozen by the
function.
The pulse-counter logic function requires a binary input card, BIMp, that is specially
adapted to the pulse-counter logic function.
M13399-3 v9
Figure 218 shows the pulse-counter logic function block with connections of the inputs and outputs.
The BI_PULSE input is connected to the used input of the function block for the Binary Input Module
(BIM).
Each pulse-counter logic function block has four binary output signals that can be connected to an
Event function block for event recording: INVALID, RESTART, BLOCKED and NEW_VAL. The
SCAL_VAL signal can be connected to the IEC Event function block.
The INVALID signal is a steady signal and is set if the Binary Input Module, where the pulse counter
input is located, fails or has wrong configuration.
The RESTART signal is a steady signal and is set when the reported value does not comprise a
complete integration cycle. That is, in the first message after IED start-up, in the first message after
deblocking, and after the counter has wrapped around during last integration cycle.
The BLOCKED signal is a steady signal and is set when the counter is blocked. There are two
reasons why the counter is blocked:
The NEW_VAL signal is a pulse signal. The signal is set if the counter value was updated since last
report.
The SCAL_VAL signal consists of scaled value (according to parameter Scale), time and status
information.
M13404-2 v5
13.2.1 Identification
SEMOD175537-2 v4
Power system measurement (CVMMXN) can be used to measure active as well as reactive power
values. Function for energy calculation and demand handling (ETPMMTR) uses measured active
and reactive power as input and calculates the accumulated active and reactive energy pulses, in
forward and reverse direction. Energy values can be read or generated as pulses. Maximum demand
power values are also calculated by the function. This function includes zero point clamping to
remove noise from the input signal. As output of this function: periodic energy calculations,
integration of energy values, calculation of energy pulses, alarm signals for limit violation of energy
values and maximum power demand, can be found.
The values of active and reactive energies are calculated from the input power values by integrating
them over a selected time tEnergy. The integration of active and reactive energy values will happen
in both forward and reverse directions. These energy values are available as output signals and also
as pulse outputs. Integration of energy values can be controlled by inputs (STARTACC and
STOPACC) and EnaAcc setting and it can be reset to initial values with RSTACC input.
The maximum demand for active and reactive powers are calculated for the set time interval tEnergy
and these values are updated every minute through output channels. The active and reactive
maximum power demand values are calculated for both forward and reverse direction and these
values can be reset with RSTDMD input.
ETPMMTR
P* ACCINPRG
Q* EAFPULSE
STARTACC EARPULSE
STOPACC ERFPULSE
RSTACC ERRPULSE
RSTDMD EAFALM
EARALM
ERFALM
ERRALM
EAFACC
EARACC
ERFACC
ERRACC
MAXPAFD
MAXPARD
MAXPRFD
MAXPRRD
IEC14000019-1-en.vsd
IEC14000019 V1 EN-US
13.2.4 Signals
PID-6872-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6872-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
13.2.5 Settings
PID-6872-SETTINGS v3
The instantaneous output values of active and reactive power from the Measurements function
CVMMXN are used and integrated over a selected time tEnergy to measure the integrated energy.
Figure 220 shows the overall functionality of the energy calculation and demand handling function
ETPMMTR.
MAXPAFD
RSTDMD
MAXPARD
MAXPRFD
P
MAXPRRD
Zero Clamping Maximum Power
EAFALM
Detection Demand Calculation
Q EARALM
ERFALM
ERRALM
ACCINPRG
EAFPULSE
EARPULSE
ERFPULSE
Energy Accumulation ERRPULSE
STARTACC
Calculation EAFACC
EARACC
STOPACC
ERFACC
ERRACC
RSTACC
IEC13000185-2-en.vsd
IEC13000185 V2 EN-US
STOPACC
FALSE
STARTACC T
³1
& F ACCINPRG
EnaAcc &
q-1
RSTACC
RSTACC
EAFPrestVal
ACCINPRG
P* (ACTIVE FORWARD)
X
T
T EAFACC
60.0
F
F
&
q-1
1000 GWh T
-1 F
q 0.0
a
a>b
b
-1
q = unit delay
IEC13000187-5-en.vsdx
IEC13000187 V5 EN-US
tEnergyOffPls
EAFACC
a Counter q-1
a>b CU
1000 GWh b CV
Rst
tOff
t
R I q-1
0
÷ X
R I T
EAFPULSE
a TP
a>b F
b
EAFAccPlsQty ÷ 0
Counter
CU
CV
RSTACC
Rst
q-1
tEnergyOnPls
Figure 223: Logic for pulse generation of integrated active forward energy
The maximum demand values for active and reactive power are calculated for the set time interval
tEnergy. The maximum values are updated every minute and stored in a register available over
communication and from outputs MAXPAFD, MAXPARD, MAXPRFD and MAXPRRD for the active
and reactive power forward and reverse direction. When the RSTDMD input is active from the local
HMI reset menu, these outputs are reset to zero. The energy alarm is activated once the periodic
energy value crosses the energy limit ExLim. Figure 224 shows the logic of alarm for active forward
energy exceeds limit and Maximum forward active power demand value. Similarly, the maximum
power calculation and energy alarm outputs in the active reverse, reactive forward and reactive
reverse is implemented.
P (ACTIVE FORWARD)
Average Power
X a EAFALM
tEnergy Calculation a>b
b
EALim
RSTMAXD
0.0 T MAXPAFD
MAX F
q-1
q-1 = unit delay
IEC13000189-4-en.vsd
IEC13000189 V4 EN-US
Figure 224: Logic for maximum power demand calculation and energy alarm
Section 14 Ethernet
14.1 Access point
Device 1 Device 1
IEC16000092-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000092 V2 EN-US
Figure 225: Access points, non redundant (left) and redundant communication (right)
14.1.2 Settings
PID-7793-SETTINGS v1
MANUALPID-17002 v1
The access point diagnostics function blocks (RCHLCCH, SCHLCCH and FRONTSTATUS)
supervise communication. SCHLCCH is used for communication over the rear Ethernet ports,
RCHLCCH is used for redundant communications over the rear Ethernet ports and FRONTSTATUS
is used for communication over the front port. All access point function blocks include output signal
for denial of service. To get this denial of service, that is reported on the communication, the
DOSALARM output from these blocks must be connected to a communication function.
For RSTP, the frame error rate on an individual link cannot be extrapolated
accurately to that of which is received by the IED. Hence, the frame error rate on link
A (LCCH.FerCh) and the frame error rate on link B (LCCH.RedFerCh) cannot be
calculated and are 0 always.
SCHLCCH
LINKUP
DOSALARM
IEC16000044-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000044 V1 EN-US
RCHLCCH
REDLINKA
REDLINKB
DOSALARM
IEC16000045-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000045 V1 EN-US
14.2.3 Signals
PID-6818-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6819-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6819-MONITOREDDATA v2
14.3.1 Identification
GUID-B7AE0374-0336-42B8-90AF-3AE1C79A4116 v1
The RCHLCCH function block supervise the redundant communication on the two channels. If no
data package has been received on one (or both) channels within the last 10 s, the output LinkAUp
and/or LinkBUp is set to 0 which indicates an error.
Device 1 Device 2
AP1 AP1
PhyPortA PhyPortB PhyPortA PhyPortB
Switch A Switch B
Device 3 Device 4
IEC09000758-4-en.vsd
IEC09000758 V4 EN-US
For each message sent, the node sends two frames, one through each port. Both the frames
circulate in opposite directions over the ring. Every node forwards the frames it receives from one
port to another to reach the next node. When the originating sender node receives the frame it sent,
the sender node discards the frame to avoid loops
The RCHLCCH function block supervise the redundant communication on the two channels. If no
data package has been received on one (or both) channels within the last 10 s, the output LinkAUp
and/or LinkBUp is set to 0 which indicates an error.
If IEEE1588 (PTP) is used an accuracy of 1 µs can be guaranteed for up to 15 devices in one HSR-
ring.
Device 1 Device 2
AP1 AP1
PhyPortA PhyPortB PhyPortA PhyPortB
Device 3 Device 4
IEC16000038-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000038 V1 EN-US
The IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE process bus communication protocol enables an IED to communicate
with devices providing measured values in digital format, commonly known as Merging Units (MU).
The rear access points are used for the communication.
The merging units (MU) are called so because they can gather analog values from one or more
measuring transformers, sample the data and send the data over process bus to other clients (or
subscribers) in the system. Some merging units are able to get data from classical measuring
transformers, others from non-conventional measuring transducers and yet others can pick up data
from both types.
14.4.2 Settings
PID-7537-SETTINGS v1
PID-7549-SETTINGS v1
14.5 Routes
A route is a specified path for data to travel between the source device in a subnetwork to the
destination device in a different subnetwork. A route consists of a destination address and the
address of the gateway to be used when sending data to the destination device, see Figure 230.
Default gateway
Gateway
Source Destination
IEC16000095-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000095 V1 EN-US
14.5.2 Settings
PID-6761-SETTINGS v2
Each IED is provided with several communication interfaces enabling it to connect to one or many
substation level systems or equipment, either on the Substation Automation (SA) bus or Substation
Monitoring (SM) bus.
The LPHD.PhyHealth reflects the physical health of the IED. The status is set to
Alarm when there is an internal failure in the IED or Warning if any active
communication link fails.
Status of the protocols can be viewed in the LHMI under Main menu /Diagnostics /IED status /
Protocol diagnostics. The diagnostic values are:
IEC15000400-1-en.vsd
IEC15000400 V1 EN-US
DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol) is a set of communications protocols used to communicate data
between components in process automation systems. For a detailed description of the DNP3
protocol, see the DNP3 Communication protocol manual.
IEC 61850 Ed.1 or Ed.2 can be chosen by a setting in PCM600. The IED is equipped with four
optical Ethernet rear ports for IEC 61850-8-1 station bus communication. The IEC 61850-8-1
communication is also possible from the electrical Ethernet front port. IEC 61850-8-1 protocol allows
intelligent electrical devices (IEDs) from different vendors to exchange information and simplifies
system engineering. IED-to-IED communication using GOOSE and client-server communication over
MMS are supported. Disturbance recording file (COMTRADE) uploading can be done over MMS or
FTP.
The front port is only intended for PCM600 communication, maintenance, training
and test purposes due to risk of interference during normal operation.
15.4.3 Settings
PID-7437-SETTINGS v2
M15031-1 v9
Function Value
Protocol IEC 61850-8-1
Communication speed for the IEDs 100BASE-FX
Protocol IEC 60870–5–103
Communication speed for the IEDs 9600 or 19200 Bd
Protocol DNP3.0
Communication speed for the IEDs 300–115200 Bd
Protocol TCP/IP, Ethernet
Communication speed for the IEDs 100 Mbit/s
Protocol LON
Table continues on next page
Function Value
Communication speed for the IEDs 1.25 Mbit/s
Protocol SPA
Communication speed for the IEDs 300–38400 Bd
Generic communication function for Single Point indication (SPGAPC) is used to send one single
logical signal to other systems or equipment in the substation.
SPGAPC
BLOCK
^IN
IEC14000021-1-en.vsd
IEC14000021 V1 EN-US
SP16GAPC
BLOCK
^IN1
^IN2
^IN3
^IN4
^IN5
^IN6
^IN7
^IN8
^IN9
^IN10
^IN11
^IN12
^IN13
^IN14
^IN15
^IN16
IEC14000020-1-en.vsd
IEC14000020 V1 EN-US
PID-3780-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3781-INPUTSIGNALS v6
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
PID-3781-MONITOREDDATA v3
Upon receiving a signal at its input, Generic communication function for Single Point indication
(SPGAPC) function sends the signal over IEC 61850-8-1 to the equipment or system that requests
this signal. Additional configuration is needed with PCM600 or IET600 to get the IEC 61850-8-1
communication established. For more information, refer to the Engineering manual.
Generic communication function for measured values (MVGAPC) function is used to send the
instantaneous value of an analog signal to other systems or equipment in the substation. It can also
be used inside the same IED, to attach a RANGE aspect to an analog value and to permit
measurement supervision on that value.
MVGAPC
BLOCK ^VALUE
^IN RANGE
IEC14000022-1-en.vsd
IEC14000022 V1 EN-US
PID-6753-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6753-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-6753-SETTINGS v3
Upon receiving an analog signal at its input, Generic communication function for Measured Value
(MVGAPC) will give the instantaneous value of the signal and the range, as output values. Additional
configuration is needed with PCM600 or IET600 to get the IEC 61850-8-1 communication
established. For more information, see Engineering manual.
The principles of zero-point clamping, range supervision, and value reporting are explained in section
12.1.9.1. For MVGAPC, the measurement range is defined by the MV min and MV max settings.
15.4.7.1 Identification
GUID-8C11DB9A-7844-4E1F-A6BB-D97ECE350FC1 v1
GOOSEDPRCV is used to receive a double point value using IEC 61850 protocol via GOOSE.
If the time information is received along with Goose message at input(source of output) from the
Goose sender, the same time information is available at the output signal.
If non signal goose message is received from the sender, the goose output will have the time
information of the receiver IED at which goose message is received.
GOOSEDPRCV
BLOCK ^DPOUT
^SRCDPOUT DATAVALID
COMMVALID
TEST
IEC10000249-2-en.vsdx
IEC10000249 V2 EN-US
15.4.7.4 Signals
GUID-2DC54788-86AF-4B4B-8E57-A89E30F0C433 v1
Except for the BLOCK input, the rest of the inputs of this GOOSE function block are
used for GOOSE connections. These connections are visible and possible to make
only if Easy GOOSE engineering is enabled. For instructions on how to enable Easy
GOOSE engineering in PCM600, refer to the Engineering Manual.
PID-6828-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6828-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
15.4.7.5 Settings
PID-6828-SETTINGS v3
The DATAVALID output will be HIGH if the incoming message is with valid data.
The COMMVALID output will become LOW when the sending IED is under total failure condition and
the GOOSE transmission from the sending IED does not happen.
The TEST output will go HIGH if the sending IED is in test mode.
Receiver in block 0 0 1 0
Receiver in block and communication 0 0 0 0
error
Table continues on next page
The input of this GOOSE block must be linked either in SMT by means of a cross or
in ACT by means of a GOOSE connection (if easy GOOSE engineering is enabled)
to receive the double point values.
The implementation for IEC 61850 quality data handling is restricted to a simple
level. If quality data validity is GOOD then the DATAVALID output will be HIGH. If
quality data validity is INVALID, QUESTIONABLE, OVERFLOW, FAILURE or OLD
DATA then the DATAVALID output will be LOW.
15.4.8.1 Identification
GUID-93A1E81B-1DE8-483A-BB3B-DB771EE66DC1 v1
GOOSEINTRCV is used to receive an integer value using IEC 61850 protocol via GOOSE.
If the time information is received along with Goose message at input(source of output) from the
Goose sender, the same time information is available at the output signal.
If non signal goose message is received from the sender, the goose output will have the time
information of the receiver IED at which goose message is received.
GOOSEINTRCV
BLOCK ^INTOUT
^SRCINTOUT DATAVALID
COMMVALID
TEST
IEC10000250-2-en.vsd
IEC10000250 V2 EN-US
15.4.8.4 Signals
GUID-2DC54788-86AF-4B4B-8E57-A89E30F0C433 v1
Except for the BLOCK input, the rest of the inputs of this GOOSE function block are
used for GOOSE connections. These connections are visible and possible to make
only if Easy GOOSE engineering is enabled. For instructions on how to enable Easy
GOOSE engineering in PCM600, refer to the Engineering Manual.
PID-6829-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6829-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
15.4.8.5 Settings
PID-6829-SETTINGS v3
The DATAVALID output will be HIGH if the incoming message is with valid data.
The COMMVALID output will become LOW when the sending IED is under total failure condition and
the GOOSE transmission from the sending IED does not happen.
The TEST output will go HIGH if the sending IED is in test mode.
The input of this GOOSE block must be linked either in SMT by means of a cross or
in ACT by means of a GOOSE connection (if easy GOOSE engineering is enabled)
to receive the integer values.
The implementation for IEC 61850 quality data handling is restricted to a simple
level. If quality data validity is GOOD then the DATAVALID output will be HIGH. If
quality data validity is INVALID, QUESTIONABLE, OVERFLOW, FAILURE or OLD
DATA then the DATAVALID output will be LOW.
15.4.9.1 Identification
GUID-B1FFBE08-C823-4A58-9FE0-A9A20DA6BB44 v1
GOOSEMVRCV is used to receive measured value using IEC 61850 protocol via GOOSE.
If the time information is received along with Goose message at input(source of output) from the
Goose sender, the same time information is available at the output signal.
If non signal goose message is received from the sender, the goose output will have the time
information of the receiver IED at which goose message is received.
GOOSEMVRCV
BLOCK ^MVOUT
^SRCMVOUT DATAVALID
COMMVALID
TEST
IEC10000251-2-en.vsd
IEC10000251 V2 EN-US
15.4.9.4 Signals
GUID-2DC54788-86AF-4B4B-8E57-A89E30F0C433 v1
Except for the BLOCK input, the rest of the inputs of this GOOSE function block are
used for GOOSE connections. These connections are visible and possible to make
only if Easy GOOSE engineering is enabled. For instructions on how to enable Easy
GOOSE engineering in PCM600, refer to the Engineering Manual.
PID-6830-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6830-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
15.4.9.5 Settings
PID-6830-SETTINGS v3
The DATAVALID output will be HIGH if the incoming message is with valid data.
The COMMVALID output will become LOW when the sending IED is under total failure condition and
the GOOSE transmission from the sending IED does not happen.
The TEST output will go HIGH if the sending IED is in test mode.
The input of this GOOSE block must be linked either in SMT by means of a cross or
in ACT by means of a GOOSE connection (in case easy GOOSE engineering is
enabled) to receive the measured value.
The implementation for IEC 61850 quality data handling is restricted to a simple
level. If quality data validity is GOOD then the DATAVALID output will be HIGH. If
quality data validity is INVALID, QUESTIONABLE, OVERFLOW, FAILURE or OLD
DATA then the DATAVALID output will be LOW.
15.4.10.1 Identification
GUID-F2B30A70-842E-435E-8FAB-B1E58B9C0164 v1
GOOSESPRCV is used to receive a single point value using IEC 61850 protocol via GOOSE.
If the time information is received along with Goose message at input(source of output) from the
Goose sender, the same time information is available at the output signal.
If non signal goose message is received from the sender, the goose output will have the time
information of the receiver IED at which goose message is received.
GOOSESPRCV
BLOCK ^SPOUT
^SRCSPOUT DATAVALID
COMMVALID
TEST
IEC10000248-2-en.vsd
IEC10000248 V2 EN-US
15.4.10.4 Signals
GUID-2DC54788-86AF-4B4B-8E57-A89E30F0C433 v1
Except for the BLOCK input, the rest of the inputs of this GOOSE function block are
used for GOOSE connections. These connections are visible and possible to make
only if Easy GOOSE engineering is enabled. For instructions on how to enable Easy
GOOSE engineering in PCM600, refer to the Engineering Manual.
PID-6832-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6832-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
15.4.10.5 Settings
PID-6832-SETTINGS v3
The DATAVALID output will be HIGH if the incoming message is with valid data.
The COMMVALID output will become LOW when the sending IED is under total failure condition and
the GOOSE transmission from the sending IED does not happen.
The TEST output will go HIGH if the sending IED is in test mode.
Receiver in block 0 0 1 0
Receiver in block and communication 0 0 0 0
error
Table continues on next page
The input of this GOOSE block must be linked either in SMT by means of a cross or
in ACT by means of a GOOSE connection (if easy GOOSE engineering is enabled)
to receive the binary single point values.
The implementation for IEC 61850 quality data handling is restricted to a simple
level. If quality data validity is GOOD then the DATAVALID output will be HIGH. If
quality data validity is INVALID, QUESTIONABLE, OVERFLOW, FAILURE or OLD
DATA then the DATAVALID output will be LOW.
GOOSE communication can be used for exchanging information between IEDs via the IEC
61850-8-1 station communication bus. This is typically used for sending apparatus position
indications for interlocking or reservation signals for 1-of-n control. GOOSE can also be used to
exchange any boolean, integer, double point and analog measured values between IEDs.
If the time information is received along with Goose message at input(source of output) from the
Goose sender, the same time information is available at the output signal.
If non signal goose message is received from the sender, the goose output will have the time
information of the receiver IED at which goose message is received.
GOOSEINTLKRCV
BLOCK ^RESREQ
^SRCRESREQ ^RESGRANT
^SRCRESGR ^APP1_OP
^SRCAPP1 ^APP1_CL
^SRCAPP2 APP1VAL
^SRCAPP3 ^APP2_OP
^SRCAPP4 ^APP2_CL
^SRCAPP5 APP2VAL
^SRCAPP6 ^APP3_OP
^SRCAPP7 ^APP3_CL
^SRCAPP8 APP3VAL
^SRCAPP9 ^APP4_OP
^SRCAPP10 ^APP4_CL
^SRCAPP11 APP4VAL
^SRCAPP12 ^APP5_OP
^SRCAPP13 ^APP5_CL
^SRCAPP14 APP5VAL
^SRCAPP15 ^APP6_OP
^APP6_CL
APP6VAL
^APP7_OP
^APP7_CL
APP7VAL
^APP8_OP
^APP8_CL
APP8VAL
^APP9_OP
^APP9_CL
APP9VAL
^APP10_OP
^APP10_CL
APP10VAL
^APP11_OP
^APP11_CL
APP11VAL
^APP12_OP
^APP12_CL
APP12VAL
^APP13_OP
^APP13_CL
APP13VAL
^APP14_OP
^APP14_CL
APP14VAL
^APP15_OP
^APP15_CL
APP15VAL
COMMVALID
TEST
IEC07000048-4-en.vsd
IEC07000048 V4 EN-US
GUID-2DC54788-86AF-4B4B-8E57-A89E30F0C433 v1
Except for the BLOCK input, the rest of the inputs of this GOOSE function block are
used for GOOSE connections. These connections are visible and possible to make
only if Easy GOOSE engineering is enabled. For instructions on how to enable Easy
GOOSE engineering in PCM600, refer to the Engineering Manual.
PID-6831-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6831-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6831-SETTINGS v3
The APPxVAL output will be HIGH if the incoming message is with valid data.
The COMMVALID output will become LOW when at least one of the subscribed GOOSE datasets is
not received at the Function Block.
The TEST output will go HIGH if the sending IED is in test mode.
Receiver in block 0 0 1 0
Receiver in block and communication 0 0 0 0
error
Receiver in test mode and incoming data Updated 1 1 0
with q= Normal
Receiver in test mode and incoming data Updated 1 1 1
with q= Test
Communication Error 0 0 0 0
At least one of the inputs of this GOOSE block must be linked either in SMT by
means of a cross or in ACT by means of a GOOSE connection (if easy GOOSE
engineering is enabled) to receive any data. Only those outputs whose source input
is linked/connected will be updated.
The implementation for IEC 61850 quality data handling is restricted to a simple
level. If quality data validity is GOOD then the APPxVAL output will be HIGH. If
quality data validity is INVALID, QUESTIONABLE, OVERFLOW, FAILURE or OLD
DATA then the APPxVAL output will be LOW.
GOOSEBINRCV
BLOCK ^OUT1
^SRCOUT1 DVALID1
^SRCOUT2 ^OUT2
^SRCOUT3 DVALID2
^SRCOUT4 ^OUT3
^SRCOUT5 DVALID3
^SRCOUT6 ^OUT4
^SRCOUT7 DVALID4
^SRCOUT8 ^OUT5
^SRCOUT9 DVALID5
^SRCOUT10 ^OUT6
^SRCOUT11 DVALID6
^SRCOUT12 ^OUT7
^SRCOUT13 DVALID7
^SRCOUT14 ^OUT8
^SRCOUT15 DVALID8
^SRCOUT16 ^OUT9
DVALID9
^OUT10
DVALID10
^OUT11
DVALID11
^OUT12
DVALID12
^OUT13
DVALID13
^OUT14
DVALID14
^OUT15
DVALID15
^OUT16
DVALID16
COMMVALID
TEST
IEC07000047-4-en.vsd
IEC07000047 V4 EN-US
GUID-2DC54788-86AF-4B4B-8E57-A89E30F0C433 v1
Except for the BLOCK input, the rest of the inputs of this GOOSE function block are
used for GOOSE connections. These connections are visible and possible to make
only if Easy GOOSE engineering is enabled. For instructions on how to enable Easy
GOOSE engineering in PCM600, refer to the Engineering Manual.
PID-6827-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6827-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6827-SETTINGS v3
The DVALIDx output will be HIGH if the incoming message is with valid data.
The COMMVALID output will become LOW when the sending IED is under total failure condition and
the GOOSE transmission from the sending IED does not happen.
The TEST output will go HIGH if the sending IED is in test mode.
Receiver in block 0 0 1 0
Receiver in block and communication 0 0 0 0
error
Receiver in test mode and incoming data Updated 1 1 0
with q= Normal
Receiver in test mode and incoming data Updated 1 1 1
with q= Test
Communication Error 0 0 0 0
At least one of the inputs of this GOOSE block must be linked either in SMT by
means of a cross or in ACT by means of a GOOSE connection (if easy GOOSE
engineering is enabled) to receive any data. Only those outputs whose source input
is linked/connected will be updated.
The implementation for IEC 61850 quality data handling is restricted to a simple
level. If quality data validity is GOOD then the DVALIDx output will be HIGH. If
quality data validity is INVALID, QUESTIONABLE, OVERFLOW, FAILURE or OLD
DATA then the DVALIDx output will be LOW.
15.4.13.1 Identification
GUID-4B23D0CF-F298-4BBC-B833-1B8CC98D1604 v1
The GOOSE XLN Receive component is used to collect information from another device’s XCBR/
XSWI logical node sent over process bus via GOOSE. The GOOSE XLN Receive component
includes 12 different outputs (and their respective channel valid bits) with defined names to ease the
61850 mapping of the GOOSE signals in the configuration process.
GOOSEXLNRCV
BLOCK ^BEH
^SRCBEH BEH_VALID
^SRCLOC ^LOC
^SRCBLKOPN LOC_VALID
^SRCBLKCLS ^BLKOPN
^SRCPOS BLKOPN_VALID
^SRCOPCNT ^BLKCLS
^SRCBLK BLKCLS_VALID
^SRCSTSELD ^POSVAL
^SRCOPRCVD POSVAL_VALID
^SRCOPOK ^OPCNT
^SRCEEHLT OPCNT_VALID
^SRCOPCAP ^BLK
BLK_VALID
^STSELD
STSELD_VALID
^OPRCVD
OPRCVD_VALID
^OPOK
OPOK_VALID
^EEHEALTH
EEHEALTH_VALID
^OPCAP
OPCAP_VALID
COMMVALID
TEST
IEC16000036-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000036 V1 EN-US
15.4.13.4 Signals
GUID-2DC54788-86AF-4B4B-8E57-A89E30F0C433 v1
Except for the BLOCK input, the rest of the inputs of this GOOSE function block are
used for GOOSE connections. These connections are visible and possible to make
only if Easy GOOSE engineering is enabled. For instructions on how to enable Easy
GOOSE engineering in PCM600, refer to the Engineering Manual.
PID-6643-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6643-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
15.4.13.5 Settings
PID-6643-SETTINGS v3
The xxx_VALID outputs will be HIGH if the incoming message is with valid data.
The COMMVALID output will become LOW when the sending IED is under total failure condition and
the GOOSE transmission from the sending IED does not happen.
The TEST output will go HIGH if the sending IED is in test mode.
At least one of the inputs of this GOOSE block must be linked either in SMT by
means of a cross or in ACT by means of a GOOSE connection (if easy GOOSE
engineering is enabled) to receive any data. Only those outputs whose source input
is linked/connected will be updated.
The implementation for IEC 61850 quality data handling is restricted to a simple
level. If quality data validity is GOOD then the xxx_VALID output will be HIGH. If
quality data validity is INVALID, QUESTIONABLE, OVERFLOW, FAILURE or OLD
DATA then the xxx_VALID output will be LOW.
The IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE process bus communication protocol enables an IED to communicate
with devices providing measured values in digital format, commonly known as Merging Units (MU).
The rear access points are used for the communication.
The function blocks are not represented in the configuration tool. The signals appear
only in the SMT tool when merging units (MU) are included in the configuration with
the Ethernet configuration tool. In the SMT tool they can be mapped to the desired
virtual input (SMAI) of the IED and used internally in the configuration.
15.5.3 Signals
GUID-942C81AD-22D9-438F-95FA-1972BA2BE2E5 v1
The output signals are the same for all MUs so only the table for MU1_HW is included in this manual.
PID-6850-OUTPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6850-SETTINGS v3
The merging units (MUs) are situated close to the primary equipment, like circuit breakers, isolators,
etc. The MUs have the capability to gather measured values from measuring transformers, non-
conventional transducers or both. The gathered data are then transmitted to subscribers over the
process bus, utilizing the IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE protocol.
The IED communicates with the MUs over the process bus via the rear access points. For the user,
the MU appears in the IED as a normal analogue input module and is engineered in the very same
way.
IED
Application
Station Wide
Preprocessing blocks Preprocessing blocks GPS Clock
SMAI SMAI
MU1 MU2
Splitter
Electrical-to-
Optical Converter
1PPS
TRM module
Access Point
110 V 1A 1A
IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE
Ethernet Switch
IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE
IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE
Combi Combi
CT CT
Sensor Sensor
Conventional VT
IEC080000723enOriginal.vsd
IEC08000072 V3 EN-US
Figure 242: Example of signal path for sampled analogue values from MU and conventional
CT/VT
The function has the following alarm signals:
• MUDATA:
• Ok[0] indicates that the merging unit samples are received from the merging unit and are
accepted.
• ERROR[1] indicates that the merging unit samples are generated by internal substitution.
• SYNCH:
• OK[0] indicates
• when SyncLostMode = Block, and the time quality of the hardware is within the set
value [SyncAccLevel=1us, 4us or Unspecified]
• when SyncLostMode = BlockOnLostUTC, the time quality of the hardware is within
the set value [SyncAccLevel=1us, 4us or Unspecified] [AND] IED receives global
common time[UTC] from any of the FineSyncSource like IRIG-B, PTP or GPS.
• when SyncLostMode = NoBlock
• ERROR[1] indicates
• when SyncLostMode = Block, and the time quality of the hardware is not within the
set value [SyncAccLevel=1us, 4us or Unspecified]
• when SyncLostMode = BlockonLostUTC, the time quality of the hardware is not
within the set value [SyncAccLevel=1us, 4us or Unspecified] [OR] IED doesn't
receive global common time[UTC] from any of the FineSyncSource like IRIG-B,
PTP or GPS.
• SMPLLOST:
• NO[0] indicates that the merging unit samples are received from the merging unit and are
accepted
• YES[1] indicates
• when merging unit data are generated by internal substitution
• when one/more channel's Quality is not good
• when merging unit is in Testmode/detailed quality=Test, IED is not in test mode
• MUSYNCH:
• OK[0] indicates
• when SyncLostMode = Block/BlockOnLostUTC, the time quality of the hardware is
within the set value [SyncAccLevel=1us, 4us or Unspecified] [AND] merging unit is
time synchronized [smpSynch flag in datastream is not equal to 0] [AND] the
hardware time matches the time in the datastream within 10 ms.
• when SyncLostMode = NoBlock, the merging unit samples are received
• ERROR[1] indicates
• when SyncLostMode = Block/BlockOnLostUTC, the time quality of the hardware is
not within the set value [SyncAccLevel=1us, 4us or Unspecified] [OR] merging unit
is not time synchronized [smpSynch flag in datastream is equal to 0] [OR] the
hardware time is out of 10 ms from the time in the datastream.
• when SyncLostMode = NoBlock, the merging unit samples are not received
• TESTMODE:
• NO[0] indicates that No merging unit analog channels are in testmode
• YES[1] indicates that one/more subscribed channels are in testmode
• SIMMODE:
• NO[0] indicates that normal data is received and are accepted
• YES[1] indicates that the received datastream is tagged as simulated and are accepted
During Internal substitution, the functions connected to that particular merging unit will be blocked
and the merging unit channel's analog values will be forced to 0 with quality as Invalid, Substituted,
Failure.
Timeout
TSYNCERR Indicates that there is some timeout on any configured time source or the time quality is
worse than specified in SynchAccLevel. The timeout is individually specified per time source (PPS,
IRIG-B, SNTP etc.) See section "Time synchronization TIMESYNCHGEN"
Introduction GUID-9D9A73FA-505E-4936-BB55-E7D86AB8023B v1
Conditional blocking is a concept in the 670 series which improves resilience against errors in
network communication, time synchronization, and hardware. This is important for digital substations
where analogue data (some or even all) is sourced from the IEC61850 9-2 MUs (merging units).
To make conditional blocking work as intended, there are configuration rules that need to be
followed. If an incorrect configuration is deployed, the IED functionality may be blocked inadvertently,
thereby reducing the availability of protection functions. An incorrect configuration also increases the
sensitivity to single point failures.
With a proper configuration, on the other hand, only functions directly affected by an error will be
blocked, while other functions will continue to operate.
Implementation GUID-D9880430-E6D6-42EE-B315-7E9279BEC913 v1
In Figure 243, two functions are shown, F1 and F2, where F1 takes data only from MU1, while F2
takes data from both MU1 and MU2.
3Ph Group
MU1 SMAI F1
3Ph Group
MU2 SMAI F2
IEC18001012-1-en.vsdx
IEC18001012 V1 EN-US
Function F1 is independent of MU2, if MU2 is lost, this will not affect F1. It will execute its algorithms
as long as data from MU1 is available. Note that F1 will operate even with poor time synchronization.
This is possible because F1 only depends on data from a single MU.
Function F2 on the other hand, depends on the correct information and time synchronized data being
available from both MU1 and MU2. If any of the MUs fail, or if any of them indicates the loss of time
synchronization, F2 will be blocked.
• Hardware errors (for example, network switches and fibers, station clock failures etc.)
Depending on how the IED is configured, these kinds of errors will have a bigger or smaller impact
on how much of the IED functionality that is blocked.
IEC18001013 V2 EN-US
Due to the way conditional blocking works, if one or both of the MUs indicate poor time
synchronization, then the entire function will be blocked. Unfortunately, in this example, this will also
block the non-directional over-current step, although it would be perfectly capable of operating
without time synchronization.
IEC18001014 V2 EN-US
This is an example of how the user needs to configure the IED to ensure conditional blocking works
as intended.
Another way to avoid conditional blocking is to take currents as well as voltages from the same MU.
Thus, the usage of multiple SMAIs in itself is not a trigger of conditional blocking, but the usage of
multiple MUs can be. This also implies that hardware-wise, one should try to not divide a 3-phase
group of currents and voltages over multiple MUs, when this is possible (this is really a consideration
for the substation hardware setup).
To begin with, a suitable station clock must be available. Hitachi Power grids recommends that PTP
is used as a time synchronization protocol.
Further, it is recommended that at least two station clocks are connected to the substation network.
This is to avoid the single point of failure. If one clock encounters an error, or loses its connection to
the network, the other clock will seamlessly take over the time synchronization task, and thus avoid
blocking due to lost time synchronization.
It is also required that PTP is active on all ports that send or receive sampled data on all devices, to
secure that the system time is common for all devices.
This means that during a transition, for example, when a clock regains time from the GPS system
after drifting for some time, there can be different times in different parts of a substation.
GMC
MU2
REX 670
MU1 MU3
SAM600 - TS CT VT
IEC18001015-1-en.vsdx
IEC18001015 V1 EN-US
If the station clock is out of order for some time and then regains good synch from, for example, the
satellite system, the correct time will reach MU2 and the 670 first. Then, it will propagate to MU1 and
MU3 through the boundary clock in the 670. This means, that for a short duration, MU1 and MU2 will
both appear to be synchronized, but they will in practice have different times. If the protection is not
blocked during this condition, user will get a false trip.
To fix this problem, the synch-lost signal from the merging units is prolonged for 16 seconds in the
670. The synch-lost signal is used for conditional blocking of protections which use data from the
TRM of the IED in combination with a merging unit. The maximum time frame specified by
IEC61850-9-3 to propagate the time and resynchronize is 16 seconds.
The same time frame applies for the internal synchronization of the 670. In the scenario where PTP
is used in combination with 9-2, the synch-lost signal is also prolonged with 16 seconds. Again, this
delay is needed to ensure that the correct time has propagated to all units before blocked functions
are released for operation.
The quality expander component is used to display the detailed quality of an IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE
analog channel. The component expands the channel quality output of a Merging Unit analog
channel received in the IED as per the IEC 61850-7-3 standard. This component can be used during
the ACT monitoring to get the particular channel quality of the Merging Unit.
The expanded quality bits are visible on the outputs as per IEC 61850-7-3 standard. When written to
IED, the configuration will show the expanded form of the respective MU channel quality information
during the online monitoring in the ACT.
The validity status of the quality as described in IEC 61850-7-3 is expanded to Good, Invalid,
Reserved and Questionable (QUEST) outputs.
The detailed quality as described in IEC 61850-7-3 is expanded to Overflow, Out of Range
(OUTRANGE), Bad reference (BADREF), Oscillatory (OSC), Failure, old data, inconsistent
(INCONS) and inaccurate (INACC) outputs.
The source status of the quality as described in IEC 61850-7-3 is expanded to Process and
Substituted (SUBST) outputs.
The other quality statuses (Test, Operator Blocked (OPBLKD) and Derived) are shown as they are.
The derived quality is the extension to IEC 61850-7-3. If the derived bit is set to 1, it indicates that
there is no physical sensor within the system to determine the value, but the value is derived from a
combination of values from other physical sensors. Typically, I4 or U4 are derived if they are
calculated as the sum of the three phase quantities.
The configured MU channel quality as described in IEC 61850-7-3 is available on LHMI. This can be
viewed under Main Menu /Diagnostics /Merging units /MUX:XXXX/XX Quality .
IEC16000074-1-en.vsdx
IEC16000074 V1 EN-US
SEMOD172236-2 v3
Functions Value
Protocol IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE
Communication speed for the IEDs 100BASE-FX
An optical network can be used within the substation automation system. This enables
communication with the IED through the LON bus from the operator’s workplace, from the control
center and also from other terminals.
In this document the most common addresses for commands and events are available. For other
addresses, refer to section Related documents.
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with LON communication protocol in general.
PID-593-SETTINGS v11
PID-4147-SETTINGS v7
M15083-3 v3
The speed of the network depends on the medium and transceiver design. With protection and
control devices, fiber optic media is used, which enables the use of the maximum speed of 1.25
Mbits/s. The protocol is a peer-to-peer protocol where all the devices connected to the network can
communicate with each other. The own subnet and node number are identifying the nodes (max. 255
subnets, 127 nodes per one subnet).
The LON bus links the different parts of the protection and control system. The measured values,
status information, and event information are spontaneously sent to the higher-level devices. The
higher-level devices can read and write memorized values, setting values, and other parameter data
when required. The LON bus also enables the bay level devices to communicate with each other to
deliver, for example, interlocking information among the terminals without the need of a bus master.
The LonTalk protocol supports two types of application layer objects: network variables and explicit
messages. Network variables are used to deliver short messages, such as measuring values, status
information, and interlocking/blocking signals. Explicit messages are used to transfer longer pieces of
information, such as events and explicit read and write messages to access device data.
The benefits achieved from using the LON bus in protection and control systems include direct
communication among all terminals in the system and support for multi-master implementations. The
LON bus also has an open concept, so that the terminals can communicate with external devices
using the same standard of network variables.
consecutive after the first input. For example, input 15 on EVENT:17 function block has the address
1280 + 14 (15-1) = 1294.
For double indications, only the first eight inputs 1–8 must be used. Inputs 9–16 can be used for
other types of events at the same EVENT block.
Three EVENT function blocks EVENT:1 to EVENT:3 running with a fast loop time (3 ms) are available
as basic in the IEDs.. The remaining EVENT function blocks EVENT:4 to EVENT:9 run with a loop
time of 8 ms and EVENT:10 to EVENT:20 run with a loop time of 100 ms. The EVENT blocks are
used to send binary signals, integers, real time values like analogue data from measuring functions
and mA input modules as well as pulse counter signals.
16 pulse counter value function blocks PCFCNT:1 to PCFCNT:16 are available in the IEDs.
The first LON address in every EVENT function block is found in table 409. The formula for
calculating the LON address is:
For instance, the first pin at Event block number 2 has the address: (2-1)×16 +1 +1023 = 1040
• No events
• OnSet, at pick-up of the signal
• OnReset, at drop-out of the signal
• OnChange, at both pick-up and drop-out of the signal
• AutoDetect, the EVENT function makes the reporting decision (reporting criteria for integers has
no semantic, prefer to be set by the user)
Both the SPA-bus command messages (R or W) and the reply messages (D, A or N) are sent using
the same message code. It is mandatory that one device sends out only one SPA-bus message at a
time to one node and waits for the reply before sending the next message.
For commands from the operator workplace to the IED for apparatus control, that is the function
blocks type SCSWI 1 to 30, SXCBR 1 to 18 and SXSWI 1 to 24, the SPA addresses are according to
table 410.
SEMOD116913-2 v2
Table 410: SPA addresses for commands from the operator workplace to the IED for apparatus control
Multiple command send function block (MULTICMDSND) is used to pack the information to one
value. This value is transmitted to the receiving node and presented for the application by a multiple
command receive function block (MULTICMDRCV). With horizontal communication, the input
BOUND on MULTICMDSND must be set to 1. There are 10 MULTICMDSND and 60
MULTICMDRCV function blocks available. These function blocks are connected using the LON
network tool (LNT). The tool also defines the service and addressing on LON.
This is an overview for configuring the network variables for the IEDs.
LON
en05000718.vsd
IEC05000718 V2 EN-US
en05000719.vsd
IEC05000719 V1 EN-US
en05000720.vsd
IEC05000720 V1 EN-US
In the following figure, X311 ports A/B are for SPA, IEC103 or DNP3 and X311 ports C/D are for LON
protocol.
IEC16000079-1-en.vsd
IEC16000079 V1 EN-US
Figure 251: Rear view of 1/2 x 19” casing with 1 TRM slot
There are two types of IO connectors: snap-in connectors for plastic fiber cables and ST/bayonet
connectors for glass fiber cables. The SLM can be equipped with either type of connector or a
combination of both connectors. This is identified by a tag.
Connect the incoming optical fiber to the RX receiver input, and the outgoing optical fiber to the TX
transmitter output. Pay special attention to the instructions concerning handling and connection of
fiber cables.
M11927-1 v2
Function Value
Protocol LON
Communication speed 1.25 Mbit/s
In this section the most common addresses for commands and events are available. For other
addresses, refer to section Related documents.
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the SPA communication protocol in general.
Using the rear SPA port for either local or remote communication with a PC requires the following
equipment:
• Optical fibers
• Opto/electrical converter for the PC
• PC
When communicating between the local HMI and a PC, the only hardware required is a front-
connection cable.
SPA can be accessed via LHMI front only when using the Field Service Tool Access
(FSTACCS).
PID-6195-SETTINGS v5
PID-6194-SETTINGS v5
M11880-3 v2
The SPA bus uses an asynchronous serial communications protocol (1 start bit, 7 data bits + even
parity, 1 stop bit) with data transfer rate up to 38400 bit/s. For more information on recommended
baud rate for each type of IED, refer to Technical reference manual. Messages on the bus consist of
ASCII characters.
The master requests slave information using request messages and sends information to the slave in
write messages. Furthermore, the master can send all slaves in common a broadcast message
containing time or other data. The inactive state of bus transmit and receive lines is a logical "1".
The SPA addresses for the pulse counter values PCFCNT:1 to PCFCNT:16 are found in table 414.
The single command, 16 signals function consists of four function blocks: SINGLECMD:1 to
SINGLECMD:4 for 16 binary output signals each.
The signals can be individually controlled from the operator station, remote-control gateway, or from
the local HMI on the IED. For Single command, 3 signals function block, SINGLECMD:1 to
SINGLECMD:3, the address is for the first output. The other outputs follow consecutively after the
first one. For example, output 7 on the SINGLECMD:2 function block has the 5O533 address.
The SPA addresses for Single command, 16 signals functions SINGLECMD:1 to SINGLECMD:4 are
found in table 415.
Function block SPA address CMD Input SPA address CMD output
SINGLECMD1-Cmd1 4-S-4639 5-O-511
SINGLECMD1-Cmd2 4-S-4640 5-O-512
SINGLECMD1-Cmd3 4-S-4641 5-O-513
SINGLECMD1-Cmd4 4-S-4642 5-O-514
SINGLECMD1-Cmd5 4-S-4643 5-O-515
SINGLECMD1-Cmd6 4-S-4644 5-O-516
SINGLECMD1-Cmd7 4-S-4645 5-O-517
SINGLECMD1-Cmd8 4-S-4646 5-O-518
SINGLECMD1-Cmd9 4-S-4647 5-O-519
SINGLECMD1-Cmd10 4-S-4648 5-O-520
SINGLECMD1-Cmd11 4-S-4649 5-O-521
SINGLECMD1-Cmd12 4-S-4650 5-O-522
SINGLECMD1-Cmdt13 4-S-4651 5-O-523
SINGLECMD1-Cmd14 4-S-4652 5-O-524
Table continues on next page
Function block SPA address CMD Input SPA address CMD output
SINGLECMD1-Cmd15 4-S-4653 5-O-525
SINGLECMD1-Cmd16 4-S-4654 5-O-526
SINGLECMD2-Cmd1 4-S-4672 5-O-527
SINGLECMD2-Cmd2 4-S-4673 5-O-528
SINGLECMD2-Cmdt3 4-S-4674 5-O-529
SINGLECMD2-Cmd4 4-S-4675 5-O-530
SINGLECMD2-Cmd5 4-S-4676 5-O-531
SINGLECMD2-Cmd6 4-S-4677 5-O-532
SINGLECMD2-Cmd7 4-S-4678 5-O-533
SINGLECMD2-Cmd8 4-S-4679 5-O-534
SINGLECMD2-Cmd9 4-S-4680 5-O-535
SINGLECMD2-Cmd10 4-S-4681 5-O-536
SINGLECMD2-Cmd11 4-S-4682 5-O-537
SINGLECMD2-Cmd12 4-S-4683 5-O-538
SINGLECMD2-Cmd13 4-S-4684 5-O-539
SINGLECMD2-Cmd14 4-S-4685 5-O-540
SINGLECMD2-Cmd15 4-S-4686 5-O-541
SINGLECMD2-Cmd16 4-S-4687 5-O-542
SINGLECMD3-Cmd1 4-S-4705 5-O-543
SINGLECMD3-Cmd2 4-S-4706 5-O-544
SINGLECMD3-Cmd3 4-S-4707 5-O-545
SINGLECMD3-Cmd4 4-S-4708 5-O-546
SINGLECMD3-Cmd5 4-S-4709 5-O-547
SINGLECMD3-Cmd6 4-S-4710 5-O-548
SINGLECMD3-Cmd7 4-S-4711 5-O-549
SINGLECMD3-Cmd8 4-S-4712 5-O-550
SINGLECMD3-Cmd9 4-S-4713 5-O-551
SINGLECMD3-Cmd10 4-S-4714 5-O-552
SINGLECMD3-Cmd11 4-S-4715 5-O-553
SINGLECMD3-Cmd12 4-S-4716 5-O-554
SINGLECMD3-Cmd13 4-S-4717 5-O-555
SINGLECMD3-Cmd14 4-S-4718 5-O-556
SINGLECMD3-Cmd15 4-S-4719 5-O-557
SINGLECMD3-Cmd16 4-S-4720 5-O-558
SINGLECMD4-Cmd1 4-S-4738 5-O-559
SINGLECMD4-Cmd2 4-S-4739 5-O-560
SINGLECMD4-Cmd3 4-S-4740 5-O-561
SINGLECMD4-Cmd4 4-S-4741 5-O-562
SINGLECMD4-Cmd5 4-S-4742 5-O-563
SINGLECMD4-Cmd6 4-S-4743 5-O-564
SINGLECMD4-Cmd7 4-S-4744 5-O-565
Table continues on next page
Function block SPA address CMD Input SPA address CMD output
SINGLECMD4-Cmd8 4-S-4745 5-O-566
SINGLECMD4-Cmd9 4-S-4746 5-O-567
SINGLECMD4-Cmd10 4-S-4747 5-O-568
SINGLECMD4-Cmd11 4-S-4748 5-O-569
SINGLECMD4-Cmd12 4-S-4749 5-O-570
SINGLECMD4-Cmd13 4-S-4750 5-O-571
SINGLECMD4-Cmd14 4-S-4751 5-O-572
SINGLECMD4-Cmd15 4-S-4752 5-O-573
SINGLECMD4-Cmd16 4-S-4753 5-O-574
Figure 252 shows an application example of how the user can, in a simplified way, connect the
command function via the configuration logic circuit in a protection IED for control of a circuit breaker.
A pulse via the binary outputs of the IED normally performs this type of command control. The SPA
addresses to control the outputs OUT1 – OUT16 in SINGLECMD:1 are shown in table 415.
SINGLECMD PULSETIMER
BLOCK ^OUT1 INPUT OUT To output board, CLOSE
#CD01-CMDOUT1 ^OUT2
#CD01-CMDOUT2 ^OUT3
#CD01-CMDOUT3 ^OUT4
#CD01-CMDOUT4 ^OUT5 AND PULSETIMER
^OUT6 INPUT1 OUT INPUT OUT To output board, OPEN
#CD01-CMDOUT5
^OUT7 INPUT2 NOUT
#CD01-CMDOUT6
#CD01-CMDOUT7 ^OUT8 INPUT3
#CD01-CMDOUT8 ^OUT9 INPUT4
#CD01-CMDOUT9 ^OUT10
#CD01-CMDOUT10 ^OUT11
#CD01-CMDOUT11 ^OUT12
#CD01-CMDOUT12 ^OUT13
#CD01-CMDOUT13 ^OUT14
#CD01-CMDOUT14 ^OUT15
#CD01-CMDOUT15 ^OUT16
#CD01-CMDOUT16
SYNCH OK
IEC05000717-4-en.vsd
IEC05000717 V4 EN-US
Figure 252: Application example showing a simplified logic diagram for control of a circuit
breaker
The MODE input defines if the output signals from SINGLECMD:1 is off, steady or setable pulse
length signals. This is set in Parameter Setting Tool (PST) under: Main Menu /Settings / IED
Settings / Control / Commands / Single Command or via Parameter Setting Tool (PST).
Two special signals for event registration purposes are available in the IED: Terminal Restarted
(0E50) and Event buffer overflow (0E51).
The status and event codes for the EVENT function are found in Table 416.
These values are only applicable if the event mask is masked ≠ OFF.
EVENT
Block BLOCK
ILRANG ^INPUT1
PSTO ^INPUT2
UL12RANG ^INPUT3
UL23RANG ^INPUT4
UL31RANG ^INPUT5
3I0RANG ^INPUT6
3U0RANG ^INPUT7
FALSE ^INPUT8
^INPUT9
^INPUT10
^INPUT11
^INPUT12
^INPUT13
^INPUT14
^INPUT15
^INPUT16
IEC07000065-2-en.vsd
IEC07000065 V2 EN-US
The serial communication module (SLM) is a mezzanine module placed on the first analog digital
conversion module (ADM). It is used for LON, SPA, IEC 60870-5-103 and DNP communication.
In the following figure, X311 ports A/B are for SPA, IEC103 or DNP3 and X311 ports C/D are for LON
protocol.
IEC16000079-1-en.vsd
IEC16000079 V1 EN-US
Figure 254: Rear view of 1/2 x 19” casing with 1 TRM slot
There are two types of IO connectors: snap-in connector for plastic fiber cables and ST/bayonet
connector for glass fiber cables. The SLM can be equipped with either type or connector or with a
combination of both types of connectors. This is identified with a tag.
Connect the incoming optical fiber to the RX receiver input, and the outgoing optical fiber to the TX
transmitter output. Pay special attention to the instructions concerning handling and connection of
fiber cables.
For setting the transfer rate (baud rate) and slave number, please refer to the Application manual and
Commissioning manual respectively.
M11901-1 v2
Function Value
Protocol SPA
Communication speed 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 or 38400 Bd
Slave number 1 to 899
IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol is mainly used when a protection IED communicates with
a third party control or monitoring system. This system must have software that can interpret the IEC
60870-5-103 communication messages.
103MEAS is a function block that reports all valid measuring types depending on connected signals.
The set of connected input will control which ASDUs (Application Service Data Units) are generated.
• 9 Will be generated if at least IL1 is connected. IL2, IL3, UL1, UL2, UL3, P, Q, F are optional but
there can be no holes.
• 3.4 Will be generated if IN and UN are present.
• 3.3 Will be generated if IL2, Ul1L2, P and Q present.
• 3.2 Will be generated if IL2, UL1L2 and P or Q missing.
• 3.1 Will be generated if IL2 present and IL1 missing (otherwise IL2 in 9).
15.8.2.2 Identification
GUID-3E1AB624-1B68-4018-B1BA-BC2C811F8F74 v1
I103MEAS
BLOCK
IL1
IL2
IL3
IN
UL1
UL2
UL3
UL1L2
UN
P
Q
F
IEC10000287-1-en.vsd
IEC10000287 V1 EN-US
15.8.2.4 Signals
PID-6625-INPUTSIGNALS v4
15.8.2.5 Settings
PID-6625-SETTINGS v4
I103MEASUSR is a function block with user defined input measurands in monitor direction. These
function blocks include the FunctionType parameter for each block in the private range, and the
Information number parameter for each block.
15.8.3.2 Identification
GUID-A9E21066-354B-453D-8D9B-E86EE31CF5F9 v1
I103MEASUSR
BLOCK
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
^INPUT9
IEC10000288-1-en.vsd
IEC10000288 V1 EN-US
15.8.3.4 Signals
PID-3791-INPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.3.5 Settings
PID-3791-SETTINGS v5
I103AR is a function block with defined functions for autorecloser indications in monitor direction.
This block includes the FunctionType parameter, and the information number parameter is defined
for each output signal.
15.8.4.2 Identification
GUID-7B066282-79D7-480B-BEDE-3C04F0FCBF05 v1
I103AR
BLOCK
16_ARACT
128_CBON
130_BLKD
IEC10000289-2-en.vsd
IEC10000289 V2 EN-US
15.8.4.4 Signals
PID-3973-INPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.4.5 Settings
PID-3973-SETTINGS v5
I103EF is a function block with defined functions for earth fault indications in monitor direction. This
block includes the FunctionType parameter, and the information number parameter is defined for
each output signal.
15.8.5.2 Identification
GUID-033731B7-1B71-4CCC-8356-1C03CBCB23FA v1
I103EF
BLOCK
51_EFFW
52_EFREV
IEC10000290-1-en.vsd
IEC10000290 V1 EN-US
15.8.5.4 Signals
PID-3974-INPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.5.5 Settings
PID-3974-SETTINGS v5
I103FLTPROT is used for fault indications in monitor direction. Each input on the function block is
specific for a certain fault type and therefore must be connected to a correspondent signal present in
the configuration. For example: 68_TRGEN represents the General Trip of the device, and therefore
must be connected to the general trip signal SMPPTRC_TRIP or equivalent.
The delay observed in the protocol is the time difference in between the signal that is triggering the
Disturbance Recorder and the respective configured signal to the IEC 60870-5-103 I103FLTPROT.
15.8.6.2 Identification
GUID-55593EC4-7AED-47A0-8311-DB22D013A193 v1
I103FLTPROT
BLOCK
64_STL1
65_STL2
66_STL3
67_STIN
68_TRGEN
69_TRL1
70_TRL2
71_TRL3
72_TRBKUP
73_SCL
74_FW
75_REV
76_TRANS
77_RECEV
78_ZONE1
79_ZONE2
80_ZONE3
81_ZONE4
82_ZONE5
83_ZONE6
84_STGEN
85_BFP
86_MTRL1
87_MTRL2
88_MTRL3
89_MTRN
90_IOC
91_IOC
92_IEF
93_IEF
ARINPROG
FLTLOC
IEC10000291-2-en.vsdx
IEC10000291 V2 EN-US
15.8.6.4 Signals
PID-6864-INPUTSIGNALS v1
15.8.6.5 Settings
PID-6864-SETTINGS v1
I103IED is a function block with defined IED functions in monitor direction. This block uses parameter
as FunctionType, and information number parameter is defined for each input signal.
15.8.7.2 Identification
GUID-5EEBE11C-C8E3-4A8A-814F-840E137DB5B5 v1
I103IED
BLOCK
19_LEDRS
21_TESTM
22_SETCH
23_GRP1
24_GRP2
25_GRP3
26_GRP4
IEC10000292-2-en.vsd
IEC10000292 V2 EN-US
15.8.7.4 Signals
PID-3975-INPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.7.5 Settings
PID-3975-SETTINGS v5
I103SUPERV is a function block with defined functions for supervision indications in monitor
direction. This block includes the FunctionType parameter, and the information number parameter is
defined for each output signal.
15.8.8.2 Identification
GUID-C8113B08-3586-412C-A750-606159B1E97E v1
I103SUPERV
BLOCK
32_MEASI
33_MEASU
37_IBKUP
38_VTFF
46_GRWA
47_GRAL
IEC10000293-1-en.vsd
IEC10000293 V1 EN-US
15.8.8.4 Signals
PID-3976-INPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.8.5 Settings
PID-3976-SETTINGS v5
I103USRDEF is a function block with user defined input signals in monitor direction. Each instance is
associated with a Function Type (FUN) and each input signal with an Information Number (INF).
Additionally, all input signals may be defined to use relative time and how to respond to a GI request.
The user is responsible for assigning a proper FUN value and proper INF values to all connected
inputs. See Settings for details.
15.8.9.2 Identification
GUID-474FDF39-CEFC-4370-9393-13BE62159969 v2
I103USRDEF
BLOCK
^INPUT1
^INPUT2
^INPUT3
^INPUT4
^INPUT5
^INPUT6
^INPUT7
^INPUT8
RT_START
IEC10000294-3-en.vsdx
IEC10000294 V3 EN-US
15.8.9.4 Signals
PID-6485-INPUTSIGNALS v5
GUID-9E29DE39-EA74-4D62-A2BA-F8E31A3D8757 v2
RT_START registers the positive transition (0->1) of a pulse and sets the time from which relative
time is derived. Relative time is assigned only to inputs where the corresponding TypNo parameter is
set to Relative. The maximum relative time and unit conform to the IEC 60870-5-103 standard.
15.8.9.5 Settings
PID-6485-SETTINGS v5
GUID-86DE9DBA-BE2F-4CC9-B447-1D2D86849EFF v2
The FunctionType parameter associates a particular instance of the function block with a FUN.
Refer to the IEC 60870-5-103 standard for details.
The InfNon parameters are used to associate each individual input signal with a userdefined INF.
Refer to the IEC 60870-5-103 standard for details.
The TypNon parameters determine if messages use absolute or relative time. This adheres to the
TYPE IDENTIFICATION (TYP) message types 1 (time-tagged message) and 2 (time-tagged
message with relative time) of the IEC 60870-5-103 standard.
The GiNon parameters determine whether a message is sent as a part of a GI reply or not. Refer to
the IEC 60870-5-103 standard for details.
I103CMD is a command function block in control direction with pre-defined output signals. The
signals are in steady state, not pulsed, and stored in the IED in case of restart.
15.8.10.2 Identification
GUID-CFD43980-0791-40D1-9136-CF4CCC35549A v1
I103CMD
BLOCK 16-AR
17-DIFF
18-PROT
IEC10000282-1-en.vsd
IEC10000282 V1 EN-US
15.8.10.4 Signals
PID-3969-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3969-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.10.5 Settings
PID-3969-SETTINGS v5
I103IEDCMD is a command block in control direction with defined IED functions. All outputs are
pulsed and they are NOT stored. Pulse length is fixed to 400ms.
15.8.11.2 Identification
GUID-0D0B2477-1B0C-48F3-B047-CCF9C7A71856 v1
I103IEDCMD
BLOCK 19-LEDRS
23-GRP1
24-GRP2
25-GRP3
26-GRP4
IEC10000283-1-en.vsd
IEC10000283 V1 EN-US
15.8.11.4 Signals
PID-3788-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3788-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.11.5 Settings
PID-3788-SETTINGS v5
I103USRCMD is a command block in control direction with user defined output signals. These
function blocks include the FunctionType parameter for each block in the private range, and the
Information number parameter for each output signal.
15.8.12.2 Identification
GUID-9D6D1636-36C6-4C4E-B157-2D827820DDC7 v1
I103USRCMD
BLOCK ^OUTPUT1
^OUTPUT2
^OUTPUT3
^OUTPUT4
^OUTPUT5
^OUTPUT6
^OUTPUT7
^OUTPUT8
IEC10000284-1-en.vsd
IEC10000284 V1 EN-US
15.8.12.4 Signals
PID-3790-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3790-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.12.5 Settings
PID-3790-SETTINGS v5
I103GENCMD is used for transmitting generic commands over IEC 60870-5-103. The function has
two outputs signals CMD_OFF and CMD_ON that can be used to implement double-point command
schemes.
The I103GENCMD component can be configured as either 2 pulsed ON/OFF or 2 steady ON/OFF
outputs. The ON output is pulsed with a command with value 2, while the OFF output is pulsed with a
command value 1. If in steady mode is ON asserted and OFF deasserted with command 2 and vice
versa with command 1. Steady mode is selected by setting PulseLength=0. The I103GENCMD is
retained, and a command in steady mode will be reissued on restart.
15.8.13.2 Identification
GUID-1933A30C-5214-4116-8CD3-91BD975FACED v1
I103GENCMD
BLOCK ^CMD_OFF
^CMD_ON
IEC10000285-1-en.vsd
IEC10000285 V1 EN-US
15.8.13.4 Signals
PID-3970-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3970-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.13.5 Settings
PID-3970-SETTINGS v5
15.8.14 IED commands with position and select for IEC 60870-5-103
I103POSCMD
I103POSCMD is a transceiver function that monitors activity on its input signals and interprets any
state transition into commands then sent over an established IEC 60870-5-103 link. Additionally, it
listens for general interrogation (GI) requests and replies to those with a GI response message with
the current state of each connected input.
Input POSITION is a double-indication signal, and it is GI enabled. This means that any state
transition, that is to ON, OFF, intermediate and faulty, is reported spontaneously. However, the
intermediate and faulty states may be suppressed by setting the Report Intermediate Position = Off.
See the settings for RS485 and optical serial communication for more information.
Input SELECT is a single-indication signal, and it is also GI enabled. State transitions to ON and OFF
are reported spontaneously.
When input BLOCK is ON, the function will ignore GI requests and cease all monitoring activity.
Consequently, no transitions will be detected.
The I103POSCMD function is also equipped with three additional commands: Select, Operate and
Cancel. These are hidden in ACT and respond only to the base INF+1, INF+2 and INF+3
respectively. The base INF (Information Number) parameter is an IEC 60870-5-103 identifier that
associates a function in a 103 Master (such as Scada) with its equivalent in the IED.
15.8.14.2 Identification
GUID-ABF81C27-4605-4A15-9CF5-77FF82DE8747 v1
I103POSCMD
BLOCK
POSITION
SELECT
IEC10000286-1-en.vsd
IEC10000286 V1 EN-US
15.8.14.4 Signals
PID-6997-INPUTSIGNALS v1
15.8.14.5 Settings
PID-6997-SETTINGS v1
I103POSCMDV is a transceiver function that monitors activity on its input signals and interprets any
state transition into commands sent over an established IEC 60870-5-103 link. Additionally, it listens
for general interrogation (GI) requests, and replies to those with a GI response message with the
current state of each connected input.
Input POSITION is a double-indication signal, and it is GI enabled. This means that any state
transition, that is to ON, OFF, intermediate and faulty, is reported spontaneously. However, the
intermediate and faulty states may be suppressed by setting the Report Intermediate Position = Off.
See the settings for RS485 and optical serial communication for more information.
When input BLOCK is ON, the function ignores GI requests and ceases all monitoring activity.
Consequently, no transitions will be detected.
15.8.15.2 Identification
GUID-2249B679-03E4-43CC-B690-916246FE6A31 v1
I103POSCMDV
BLOCK
POSITION
IEC15000081-2-en.vsdx
IEC15000081 V2 EN-US
15.8.15.4 Signals
PID-6578-INPUTSIGNALS v5
15.8.15.5 Settings
PID-6578-SETTINGS v6
• Event handling
• Report of analog service values (measurements)
• Fault location
• Command handling
• Autorecloser ON/OFF
• Teleprotection ON/OFF
• Protection ON/OFF
• LED reset
• Characteristics 1 - 4 (Setting groups)
• File transfer (disturbance files)
• Time synchronization
For detailed information about IEC 60870-5-103, refer to the IEC 60870 standard part 5:
Transmission protocols, and to the section 103: Companion standard for the informative interface of
protection equipment.
The information types are supported when corresponding functions are included in the protection and
control IED.
Be aware of that different cycle times for function blocks must be considered to
ensure correct time stamping.
Number of instances: 1
INF Description
19 LED Reset
23 Activate setting group 1
24 Activate setting group 2
25 Activate setting group 3
26 Activate setting group 4
Number of instances: 1
INF Description
16 Auto-recloser on/off
17 Teleprotection on/off
18 Protection on/off
Number of instances: 4
Function type for each function block instance in private range is selected with parameter
FunctionType.
Information number must be selected for each output signal. Default values are 1 - 8.
INF 1) Description
1 Output signal 01
2 Output signal 02
3 Output signal 03
4 Output signal 04
5 Output signal 05
6 Output signal 06
7 Output signal 07
8 Output signal 08
Status M11874-107 v1
Terminal status indications in monitor direction, I103IED M11874-109 v7
Indication block for status in monitor direction with defined IED functions.
Number of instances: 1
INF Description
19 LED reset
21 TestMode
22 Local Parameter setting
23 Setting group 1 active
24 Setting group 2 active
25 Setting group 3 active
26 Setting group 4 active
Number of instances: 20
Number of instances: 1
Number of instances: 1
INF Description
51 Earth fault forward
52 Earth fault reverse
Number of instances: 1
INF Description
16 Autorecloser active
128 CB on by Autorecloser
130 Autorecloser blocked
Measurands M11874-382 v2
Function blocks in monitor direction for input measurands. Typically connected to monitoring function,
for example to power measurement CVMMXN.
The IED reports all valid measuring types depending on connected signals.
Upper limit for measured currents, active/reactive-power is 2.4 times rated value.
Upper limit for measured voltages and frequency is 1.2 times rated value.
The upper limit is the maximum value that can be encoded into the ASDU (Application Service Data
Unit). Any value higher than this value will be tagged as OVERFLOW. The factors 1.2 and 2.4 are
taken from the 103 standard and require that a rated value to use as base exists, and then use 1.2 or
2.4 times <rated> as maxVal. You can use 2.4 times rated as maxVal, but as there is no way to
propagate value to client, the use of a scale factor on <rated> does not make much difference.
You can configure client:client-scaled-max ::= 1.2 * <rated> or client-scaled-max ::= 1.0 * <maxVal>
If the client has a hard-coded gain of 1.2 * <rated> then client-scaled-max ::= 1.2 times <maxVal>/1.2
Resolution is <maxVal> / 4095 and hence the lowest possible maxVal yields the best accuracy.
INF Description
148 IL1
144, 145, IL2
146, 148
148 IL3
147 IN, Neutral current
148 UL1
148 UL2
148 UL3
145, 146 UL1-UL2
147 UN, Neutral voltage
146, 148 P, active power
146, 148 Q, reactive power
148 f, frequency
Example: Input1, Input2, and Input4 are connected, Input3 is not connected.
<Number of information elements> will be 3 (Input3 NOT connected) -1 = 2, that is, only Input1 and
Input2 will be transmitted.
Analog signals, 40-channels: the channel number for each channel has to be specified. Channels
used in the public range are 1 to 8 and with:
Channel number used for the remaining 32 analog signals are numbers in the private range 64 to 95.
Binary signals, 128-channels: for each channel the user can specify a FUNCTION TYPE and an
INFORMATION NUMBER.
M11874-629 v7
Disturbance upload
All analog and binary signals that are recorded with disturbance recorder can be reported to the
master. The last eight disturbances that are recorded are available for transfer to the master. A
successfully transferred disturbance (acknowledged by the master) will not be reported to the master
again.
When a new disturbance is recorded by the IED a list of available recorded disturbances will be sent
to the master, an updated list of available disturbances can be sent whenever something has
happened to disturbances in this list. For example, when a disturbance is deleted (by other client, for
example, SPA) or when a new disturbance has been recorded or when the master has uploaded a
disturbance.
Information sent in the disturbance upload is specified by the standard; however, some of the
information are adapted to information available in disturbance recorder in the IED series.
This section describes all data that is not exactly as specified in the standard.
ASDU23
In ‘list of recorded disturbances’ (ASDU23) an information element named SOF (status of fault)
exists. This information element consists of 4 bits and indicates whether:
• Bit TP: the protection equipment has tripped during the fault
• Bit TM: the disturbance data are currently being transmitted
• Bit TEST: the disturbance data have been recorded during normal operation or test mode.
• Bit OTEV: the disturbance data recording has been initiated by another event than start
The only information that is easily available is test-mode status. The other information is always set
(hard coded) to:
Another information element in ASDU23 is the FAN (fault number). According to the standard this is
a number that is incremented when a protection function takes action. FAN is equal to disturbance
number, which is incremented for each disturbance.
ASDU26 / ASDU31
When a disturbance has been selected by the master by sending ASDU24, the protection equipment
answers by sending ASDU26, which contains an information element named NOF (number of grid
faults). This number must indicate fault number in the power system,that is, a fault in the power
system with several trip and auto-reclosing has the same NOF (while the FAN must be incremented).
NOF is just as FAN, equal to disturbance number.
Supported
Electrical Interface
EIA RS-485 Yes
number of loads 32
Optical interface
glass fiber Yes
plastic fiber
Transmission speed
9600 bit/s Yes
19200 bit/s Yes
Link Layer
DFC-bit used Yes
Connectors
connector F-SMA No
connector BFOC/2.5 Yes
Supported
Selection of standard ASDUs in monitoring direction
ASDU Yes
1 Time-tagged message Yes
2 Time-tagged message with rel. time Yes
3 Measurands I Yes
4 Time-tagged message with rel. time Yes
5 Identification Yes
6 Time synchronization Yes
8 End of general interrogation Yes
9 Measurands II Yes
10 Generic data No
Table continues on next page
Supported
11 Generic identification No
23 List of recorded disturbances Yes
26 Ready for transm. of disturbance data Yes
27 Ready for transm. of a channel Yes
28 Ready for transm of tags Yes
29 Transmission of tags Yes
30 Transmission fo disturbance data Yes
31 End of transmission Yes
Selection of standard ASDUs in control direction
ASDU Yes
6 Time synchronization Yes
7 General interrogation Yes
10 Generic data No
20 General command Yes
21 Generic command Yes
24 Order for disturbance data transmission Yes
25 Acknowledgement for distance data transmission Yes
Selection of basic application functions
Test mode No
Blocking of monitoring direction Yes
Disturbance data Yes
Private data Yes
Generic services No
The serial communication module (SLM) is used for SPA/IEC 60870-5-103/DNP and LON
communication. This module is a mezzanine module, and is placed assembled on the Numerical
module (NUM). The serial communication module can have connectors for two plastic fiber cables
(snap-in) or two glass fiber cables (ST, bayonet) or a combination of plastic and glass fiber. Three
different types are available depending on type of fiber.
The incoming optical fiber is connected to the RX receiver input, and the outgoing optical fiber to the
TX transmitter output. When the fiber optic cables are laid out, pay special attention to the
instructions concerning the handling and connection of the optical fibers. The module is identified
with a number on the label on the module.
M11921-1 v4
Function Value
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103
Communication speed 9600, 19200 Bd
GUID-1A6E066C-6399-4D37-8CA5-3074537E48B2 v3
The IED provides two function blocks enabling several IEDs to send and receive signals via the
interbay bus. The sending function block, MULTICMDSND, takes 16 binary inputs. LON enables
these to be transmitted to the equivalent receiving function block, MULTICMDRCV, which has 16
binary outputs.
The common behavior for all 16 outputs of the MULTICMDRCV is set to either of two modes: Steady
or Pulse.
• 1 = Steady: This mode simply forwards the received signals to the binary outputs.
• 2 = Pulse: When a received signal transitions from 0 (zero) to 1 (one), a pulse with a duration of
exactly one execution cycle is triggered on the corresponding binary output. This means that no
connected function block may have a cycle time that is higher than the execution cycle time of
the particular MULTICMDRCV instance.
SEMOD119976-5 v2
MULTICMDRCV
BLOCK ERROR
NEWDATA
OUTPUT1
OUTPUT2
OUTPUT3
OUTPUT4
OUTPUT5
OUTPUT6
OUTPUT7
OUTPUT8
OUTPUT9
OUTPUT10
OUTPUT11
OUTPUT12
OUTPUT13
OUTPUT14
OUTPUT15
OUTPUT16
VALID
IEC06000007-2-en.vsd
IEC06000007 V2 EN-US
SEMOD120009-4 v2
MULTICMDSND
BLOCK ERROR
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
IEC06000008-2-en.vsd
IEC06000008 V2 EN-US
PID-400-INPUTSIGNALS v10
PID-399-INPUTSIGNALS v10
PID-400-OUTPUTSIGNALS v10
PID-399-OUTPUTSIGNALS v10
PID-400-SETTINGS v10
PID-399-SETTINGS v10
There are 10 instances of the MULTICMDSND function block. The first two are fast (8 ms cycle time)
while the others are slow (100 ms cycle time). Each instance has 16 binary inputs, to which 16
independent signals can be connected. Connected signals are sent through MULTICMDSND to the
receiving equivalent, MULTICMDRCV, located on a different IED.
The MULTICMDRCV function block has 16 binary outputs, all controlled through the command block
of one or many MULTICMDSND function blocks. There are 60 instances of the MULTICMDRCV
where the first 12 are fast (8 ms), and the others are slow (100 ms). Additionally, the MULTICMDRCV
has a supervision function, which sets the output connector "VALID" to 0 (zero) if its block does not
receive any data within the time defined by tMaxCycleTime.
There can be 6 external log servers to send syslog events to. Each server can be configured with IP
address; IP port number and protocol format. The format can be either syslog (RFC 3164) or
Common Event Format (CEF) from ArcSight.
15.10.2 Settings
PID-6908-SETTINGS v2
15.11 IEC61850SIM
GUID-3B85BB88-0C56-45D4-B99F-62C7F2F208D2 v1
Table 469:
This function is indicates simulation mode status to external world. LPHD has simulation status
output but it is not available in ACT, so IEC61850SIM component is added and it is just a placeholder
for simulation status which is configurable in ACT. This simulation status is displayed in LHMI in this
navigation mode Main menu -> Test -> IEC61850 simulation -> IEC61850SIM:1 .
IEC61850 SIM
SIM
IE C20000107-1-en.vsdx
IEC20000107 V1 EN-US
15.11.1.3 Signals
PID-7436-OUTPUTSIGNALS v2
15.11.1.4 Settings
PID-7436-SETTINGS v2
Section 16 Security
16.1 Authority check ATHCHCK
16.1.1 Identification
GUID-FBEF319B-94E6-41FB-BB9F-D870E0425128 v2
To safeguard the interests of our customers, both the IED and the tools that are accessing the IED
are protected, by means of authorization handling. The authorization handling of the IED and the
PCM600 is implemented at both access points to the IED:
The IED users can be created, deleted and edited with PCM600 IED user management tool.
IEC12000202-2-en.vsd
IEC12000202 V2 EN-US
There are different levels (or types) of users that can access or operate different areas of the IED
and tools functionality. The pre-defined user types are given in Table 473.
Ensure that the user logged on to the IED has the access required when writing
particular data to the IED from PCM600.
• R= Read
• W= Write
• - = No access rights
The IED users can be created, deleted and edited only with the IED User Management within
PCM600. The user can only LogOn or LogOff on the local HMI on the IED, there are no users,
groups or functions that can be defined on local HMI.
If the IED is Central Account Management enabled, users can only be created,
deleted or edited in the Central Account Management server. In that case, only the
user rights can be edited using the PCM600 tool. See Cyber Security Deployment
Guidelines manual.
At least one user must be included in the UserAdministrator group to be able to write
users, created in PCM600, to IED.
SEMOD176296-5 v10
At delivery the default user is the SuperUser. No Log on is required to operate the IED until a user
has been created with the IED User Management..
Once a user is created and downloaded to the IED, that user can perform a Log on, introducing the
password assigned in the tool.
If there is no user created, an attempt to log on will display a message box: “No user defined!”
If one user leaves the IED without logging off, then after the timeout (set in Main menu/Settings /
General Settings/HMI /Screen/Display Timeout ) elapses, the IED returns to Guest state, when
only reading is possible. The display time out is set to 10 minutes at delivery.
If there are one or more users created with the IED User Management and downloaded into the IED,
then, when a user intentionally attempts a Log on or when the user attempts to perform an operation
that is password protected, the Log on window will appear.
The cursor is focused on the User identity field, so upon pressing the key, the user can change
the user name, by browsing the list of users, with the “up” and “down” arrows. After choosing the right
user name, the user must press the “E” key again. When it comes to password, upon pressing the
key, the following character will show up: “$”. After all the letters are introduced (passwords are
case sensitive) choose OK and press the key again.
If everything is alright at a voluntary Log on, the local HMI returns to the Authorization screen. If the
Log on is OK, when required to change for example a password protected setting, the local HMI
returns to the actual setting folder. If the Log on has failed, then the Log on window opens again, until
either the user makes it right or presses “Cancel”.
The user rights can be edited in the IED by using the PCM600 user tool.
One user can have one or several user roles. By default, the users in Table 474 are created in the
IED, and when creating new users in the CAM server, the predefined roles from Table 475 can be
used.
At delivery, the IED user has full access as SuperUser when using the LHMI and as
Administrator when using FTP or PCM600 until Central Account Management is
activated.
The successful activation of Central Account Management will disable built-in users or remove all
local created users from PCM600.
Management of user credentials and roles is handled on the Central Account Management server
e.g. SDM600. The IED employs two strategies to ensure availability of the authentication system
even if there is a problem with the network or authentication server:
• A substation can be equipped with two redundant authentication servers operating in a hot
standby mode.
• If configured by the security administrator, the IED itself maintains a local replica in the database
with selected users. This database is periodically updated with data from the server and used as
fallback if none of the servers are reachable.
• If there is no replication support in the CAM server, then there is a possibility to configure the
emergency account in the IED, which gets activated when CAM server is offline.
Note that not all users in the SDM600 server are part of the replica. There might be users that are not
assigned to any replication group. IED only replicates those users which are part of replication group
configured in the IED.
All communication between the central management and the IEDs is protected using secure
communication. Customers are required to generate and distribute certificates during the engineering
process of the substation. These certificates ensure mutual trust between IED and CAM server for
example SDM600.
Function Description
Authority status This function is an indication function block for user logon activity.
ATHSTAT User denied attempt to logon and user successful logon are reported.
Authority check To safeguard the interests of our customers, both the IED and the tools that are accessing
ATHCHCK the IED are protected, by means of authorization handling. The authorization handling of the
IED and the PCM600 is implemented at both access points to the IED:
The IED users can be created, deleted and edited only in the CAM server.
Authority This function enables/disables the maintenance menu. It also controls the maintenance
management menu logon time out.
AUTHMAN
For more information on the functions Authority Management (AUTHMAN), Authority Status
(ATHSTAT), and Authority Check (ATHCHCK) functions, refer to chapter “Basic IED functions” in the
Technical Manual.
16.2.1 Identification
GUID-7925E6A3-301D-44A5-982F-167805EEA473 v1
This function enables/disables the maintenance menu. It also controls the maintenance menu log on
time out.
16.2.3 Settings
PID-7492-SETTINGS v2
16.3.1 Identification
GUID-C037D0B0-1AA0-4592-9293-92C7EDED3261 v1
The FTP client defaults to the best possible security mode when trying to negotiate with TLS. The
automatic negotiation mode is used by the client to negotiate with explicit TLS via AUTH TLS.
It is only possible to access disturbance records from the IED if FTP without TLS encryption is used.
If clear text FTP is required to read out disturbance recordings, create a specific
account for this purpose with rights only to do File transfer. The password of this
user will be exposed in clear text on the wire.
Setting FTP to OFF on an access point does not switch off FTP as the service will still be used by
PCM600 and FST. So to completely switch off the port number 21 access the following parameters
must be set to OFF.
• FTP = OFF
• PCMAccess = OFF
• FSTAccess = OFF
16.3.3 Settings
PID-6703-SETTINGS v3
16.4.1 Identification
GUID-79C63688-4D7D-4954-AC3C-B9484D084F6F v1
Authority status ATHSTAT function is an indication function block for user log-on activity.
User denied attempt to log-on and user successful log-on are reported.
ATHSTAT
USRBLKED
LOGGEDON
IEC06000503-2-en.vsd
IEC06000503 V2 EN-US
16.4.4 Signals
PID-3773-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
GUID-87CF079A-64C8-46AE-B7E4-A0B2EEAC92E9 v1
The output signal USRBLKED is not valid if the IED is Centralized Account
Management enabled.
The function does not have any parameters available in Local HMI or in Protection and Control IED
Manager (PCM600)
Authority status (ATHSTAT) function informs about two events related to the IED and the user
authorization:
• the fact that at least one user has tried to log on wrongly into the IED and it was blocked (the
output USRBLKED)
• the fact that at least one user is logged on (the output LOGGEDON)
Whenever one of the two events occurs, the corresponding output (USRBLKED or LOGGEDON) is
activated. The output can for example, be connected on Event (EVENT) function block for LON/
SPA.The signals are also available on IEC 61850 station bus.
Self supervision with internal event list function listens and reacts to internal system events,
generated by the different built-in self-supervision elements. The internal events are saved in an
internal event list presented on the LHMI and in PCM600 event viewer tool.
INTERRSIG
FAIL
WARNING
TSYN CERR
RTCERR
STUPBLK
IEC09000787-2-en.vsdx
IEC09000787 V2 EN-US
PID-4077-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
M11401-3 v13
The self-supervision operates continuously and includes:
The self-supervision function status can be monitored from the local HMI or from the Event Viewer in
PCM600.
Under the Diagnostics menu in the local HMI, the actual information from the self-supervision
function can be reviewed. The information can be found under Main menu/Diagnostics /Internal
events or Main menu/Diagnostics /IED status/General . The information from the self-supervision
function is also available in the Event Viewer in PCM600.
IEC15000414-2-en.vsdx
IEC15000414 V2 EN-US
GUID-B481701F-05B4-4B29-83D4-18F13886FEBE V1 EN-US
Some output signals are available from the INTERRSIG function block. The signals from this function
block are sent as events via IEC 61850 to the station level of the control system. These signals can
also be connected to binary outputs for signalization via output relays or they can be used as
conditions for other functions if required/desired.
Individual error signals from I/O modules can be obtained from respective module in the Signal
Matrix tool. Error signals from time synchronization can be obtained from the INTERRSIG function
block via two outputs TSYNCERR and RTCERR .
Self supervision provides several status signals that give information about the internal status of the
IED. For this reason they are also called internal signals. These internal signals , available on local
HMI under Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General, can be divided into two groups.
• Standard signals are always presented in the IED, see table 481.
• Hardware dependent internal signals are collected depending on the hardware configuration,
see table 482.
When settings are changed in the IED, the protection and control applications restart in order to take
effect of the changes. During restart, internal events get generated and Runtime App error will be
displayed. These events are only indications and will be for short duration during the restart.
The analog signals to the A/D converter is internally distributed into two different converters, one with
low amplification and one with high amplification.
When the signal is within measurable limits on both channels, a direct comparison of the two A/D
converter channels can be performed. If the validation fails, the CPU will be informed and an alarm
will be given for A/D converter failure.
M11963-1 v5
Data Value
Recording manner Continuous, event controlled
List size 40 events, first in-first out
Change lock function CHNGLCK is used to block further changes to the IED configuration and
settings once the commissioning is complete. The purpose is to block inadvertent IED configuration
changes beyond a certain point in time.
CHNGLCK
LOCK* ACTIVE
OVERRIDE
IEC09000946.vsd
IEC09000946 V2 EN-US
PID-3786-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3786-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
The function, when activated, will still allow the following changes of the IED state that does not
involve reconfiguring of the IED:
• Monitoring
• Reading events
• Resetting events
• Reading disturbance data
• Clear disturbances
• Reset LEDs
• Reset counters and other runtime component states
• Control operations
• Set system time
• Enter and exit from test mode
• Change of active setting group
The binary input signal LOCK controlling the function is defined in ACT or SMT:
Turning off the change-lock will override the change lock function until the next reboot of the IED. In
this case, the change lock function cannot be activated, and the Override output will indicate that the
change-lock is overridden.
The Denial of service functionality limits overload on the IED produced by heavy Ethernet network
traffic. The communication facilities must not be allowed to compromise the primary functionality of
the device. All inbound network traffic will be quota controlled so that too heavy network loads can be
controlled. Heavy network load might for instance be the result of malfunctioning equipment
connected to the network.
The denial of service protection is designed to protect the IED from overload when exposed to high
amount of Ethernet network traffic. The communication facilities must not be allowed to compromise
the primary functionality of the device. All inbound network traffic is quota controlled, so that a too
heavy network load can be controlled. Heavy network load might for instance be the result of
malfunctioning equipment connected to the network.
The denial of service functionality in SCHLCCH and RCHLCCH measures the IED load from
communication and, if necessary, limits it from jeopardizing the IED's control and protection
functionality. The function has the following outputs:
• RCHLCCH
• LinkAUp and LinkBUp indicates the Ethernet link status for the rear ports channel A and
B
• DOSLINKA and DOSLINKB indicates that DOS functionality is active on channel A and
channel B
• DOSALARM indicates that DOS functionality is active on the access point
• SCHLCCH
• LINKUP indicates the Ethernet link status
• DOSALARM indicates that DOS functionality is active on the access point
The DOS functionality activates when the inbound traffic rate exceeds 3000 packets
per second.
The time synchronization function is used to select a common source of absolute time for the
synchronization of the IED when it is a part of a protection system. This makes it possible to compare
events and disturbance data between all IEDs within a station automation system and in between
sub-stations. A common source shall be used for IED and merging unit when IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE
process bus communication is used.
SEMOD55141-5 v7
There are two groups of parameter settings related to time:
• System time
• Synchronization
The System time group relates to setting the on/off and start/end of the Daylight Saving Time (DST)
for the local time zone in relation to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The Synchronization group
relates to selecting the coarse and fine synchronization sources.
All the settings and parameters related to time are available via Local HMI under Main menu/
Configuration/Time/System time and via PCM600 under IED Configuration/Time .
MANUALPID-6638-SETTINGS v1
GUID-CD154442-0F80-4B69-8C43-22445FD7F865 v1
PID-6188-SETTINGS v6
PID-6608-SETTINGS v4
PID-6212-SETTINGS v5
PID-3967-SETTINGS v7
PID-3968-SETTINGS v7
PID-4138-SETTINGS v5
PID-6630-SETTINGS v3
If the time synchronization between the different sources of sampled values are lost, then the
protection function blocking behavior is different based on the parameter SyncLostMode.
• NoBlock
• Block
• BlockOnLostUTC
NoBlock
The protection functions are not blocked due to the lost time synchronization. This is mainly used
when all sample values are produced in one source.
Block
The block can be used if there are several data sources that can be synchronized to each other.
However, the relation to UTC time is not required.
As soon as the protection detects a change or uncertainty in time from a data source, the protections
are blocked. This is detected by the jump in sample count or when the data remains unsynchronized.
When a block occurs, the block stays for an extra blocking time after all the sources are
synchronized again, to secure that the time has propagated to the other sources.
Data stream 1
Time shift
Extra blocking time
on-going
Data stream 2
Time shift
Extra blocking time
on-going
Data stream 3
Time shift
Extra blocking time
on-going
IEC19000001-1-en.vsdx
IEC19000001 V1 EN-US
BlockOnLostUTC
When BlockOnLostUTC is selected, all the data must be synchronized to UTC, to avoid blocking of
the protection functions.
This cannot be used by the process bus sampled values, since IEC 61859-9-2 LE only contains the
information regarding the synchronized or unsynchronized data.
For example, the BlockOnLostUTC can be used for a phasor measurement unit where the data is
compared between different stations.
PTP(IEEE 1588)
External
synchronization Off
sources On
Time tagging and general synchronization
Slave only
Off
Commu- Protection
LON Events
Time nication and control
SPA regulator functions
Min. pulse
(Setting:
SNTP SW time
see
DNP Technical
manual)
IRIG-B
PPS
*IEC 61850-9-2
IEC16000002-2-en.vsdx
IEC16000002 V2 EN-US
The echo mode of the line differential protection function is based on the hardware clock. Thus, there
is no need to synchronize the hardware clock and the software clock.
Synchronization of the hardware clock to the software clock is necessary only when IRIG B 00X with
optical fiber, IEEE 1344 is used for differential protection. The two clock systems are synchronized by
a special clock synchronization unit with two modes, fast and slow. A special feature, an automatic
fast clock time regulator is used. The automatic fast mode makes the synchronization time as short
as possible during start-up. The Fast and Slow settings are also available on the local HMI.
When the time difference is > 16 μs, the line differential protection function is blocked and the time
regulator for the hardware clock automatically uses a fast mode to synchronize the clock systems.
Time adjustment is made with an exponential function, that is, with big time adjustment steps in the
beginning, and then smaller steps until a time deviation of < 16 μs between the external time system
and the internal differential time system has been reached. The protection function is then enabled
and the synchronization remains in fast mode or switches to slow mode depending on the setting.
Synchronization from
a higher level
Function
Optional synchronization of
modules at a lower level
IEC09000342-1-en.vsd
IEC09000342 V1 EN-US
The IED has a built-in real-time clock (RTC) with a resolution of one millisecond. The clock has a
built-in calendar that handles leap years through 2100.
• If the synchronization message, which is similar to the other messages, has an offset compared
to the internal time in the IED, the message is used directly for synchronization, which means,
for adjusting the internal clock to obtain zero offset at the next coming time message.
• If the synchronization message has a large offset compared to the other messages, a spike-filter
in the IED removes this time-message.
• If the synchronization message has a large offset and the following message also has a large
offset, the spike filter does not act and the offset in the synchronization message is compared to
a threshold that defaults to 500 milliseconds. If the offset is more than the threshold, the clock
jumps a whole number of seconds so the remaining offset is less than 500ms. The remaining
offset is then slowly adjusted with 1000 ppm until the offset is removed. With an adjustment of
1000ppm it takes 500 seconds to remove an offset of 500 milliseconds.
Synchronization messages configured as coarse are only used for initial setting of the time. After this
has been done, the messages are checked against the internal time and only an offset of more than
10 seconds resets the time.
Three main alternatives of external synchronization sources are available. The synchronization
message is applied:
• via any of the communication ports of the IED as a telegram message including date and time
• as a minute pulse connected to a binary input
• via IRIG-B or PPS
SNTP provides complete time-information and shall normally be used as fine time synch source only.
• Coarse message is sent every minute and comprises complete date and time, that is, year,
month, day, hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds.
• Fine message is sent every second and comprises only seconds and milliseconds.
The SLM module is located on the first analog digital conversion module (ADM)
The minute pulse is connected to any channel on any Binary Input Module in the IED. The electrical
characteristic is thereby the same as for any other binary input.
If the objective of synchronization is to achieve a relative time within the substation and if no station
master clock with minute pulse output is available, a simple minute pulse generator can be designed
and used for synchronization of the IEDs. The minute pulse generator can be created using the
logical elements and timers available in the IED.
The definition of a minute pulse is that it occurs one minute after the last pulse. As only the flanks are
detected, the flank of the minute pulse shall occur one minute after the last flank.
Pulse data:
Deviations in the period time (a) larger than 50 ms will cause TSYNCERR.
en05000251.vsd
IEC05000251 V1 EN-US
If contact bounce occurs, only the first pulse will be detected as a minute pulse. The next minute
pulse will be registered first 60 s - 50 ms after the last contact bounce.
If the minute pulses are perfect, for example, it is exactly 60 seconds between the pulses, contact
bounces might occur 49 ms after the actual minute pulse without effecting the system. If contact
bounce occurs more than 50 ms, for example, it is less than 59950 ms between the two most
adjacent positive (or negative) flanks, the minute pulse will not be accepted.
To receive IRIG-B there are two connectors in the IRIG-B module, one galvanic BNC connector and
one optical ST connector. IRIG-B 12x messages can be supplied via the galvanic interface, and
IRIG-B 00x messages can be supplied via either the galvanic interface or the optical interface, where
x (in 00x or 12x) means a number in the range of 0-7.
“00” means that a base band is used, and the information can be fed into the IRIG-B module via the
BNC contact or an optical fiber. “12” means that a 1 kHz modulation is used. In this case the
information must go into the module via the BNC connector.
If the x in 00x or 12x is 4, 5, 6 or 7, the time message from IRIG-B contains information of the year. If
the x is 0, 1, 2 or 3, the information contains only the time within the year, and year information has to
be set via PCM600 or local HMI.
The IRIG-B module also takes care of IEEE1344 messages that are sent by IRIG-B clocks, as IRIG-
B previously did not have any year information. IEEE1344 is compatible with IRIG-B and contains
year information and information of the time-zone.
When process bus communication (IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE protocol) is used, it is essential that the
merging units are synchronized with the hardware time of the IED (see Technical manual, section
Design of the time system (clock synchronization) ). To achieve this, PTP, PPS or IRIG-B can be
used depending of the facilities of the merging unit.
If the merging unit supports PTP, use PTP. If PTP is used in the IED and the merging unit cannot be
synchronized from the IED, then use GPS-based clocks to provide PTP synch as well as sync to the
merging unit.
If synchronization of the IED and the merging unit is based on GPS, set the parameter
SyncLostMode to BlockOnLostUTC in order to provide a block of protection functions whenever the
global common time is lost.
If PTP is not used, use the same synchronization method for the HwSyncSrc as the merging unit
provides. For instance, if the merging unit provides PPS as synchronization, use PPS as HwSyncSrc.
If LDCM in GPS-mode is used, that is, the hardware and software clocks are connected to each
other, HwSyncSrc is not used and other means to synchronize the merging unit to the IED is
required. For instance, FineSyncSource is set to the same source that the merging unit uses.
If the IED is used together with a merging unit and no time synchronization is
available, for example, in the laboratory test, the IED will synchronize to the SV data
stream. During the re-synchronization, the protection functions will be blocked once
a second for about 45 ms, and this will continue for up to 10 minutes. To avoid this,
configure PTP (IEEE 1588) to On for the access point where the merging unit is
configured.
PTP according to IEEE 1588-2008 and specifically its profile IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3 for power utility
automation is a synchronization method that differs from SNTP, for instance, by providing much
better accuracy and by being not predefined. By not predefined is meant that it is not mandatory to
have a predefined synchronization tree, as the master (Grand Master) may shift.
Consider instead PTP as a synchronization grouping, i.e. all devices connected to the PTP group will
be synchronized to the same source or, if there is no external source the group will at least maintain
a common time. The group is synchronized by connecting one or more “Grand Master” clocks to it.
The clocks can be part of the devices in the group or be specialized synchronization devices, as for
instance a GPS clock or similar. If several synchronization devices are connected to the group, the
“Best Master Algorithm” in the PTP protocol will assure that only one is the “Grand Master”. The IED
can act as a synchronization device and supply any synchronization source (like SNTP, SPA) as
clock input, that will synchronize the whole PTP group if there is no better source available in the
group. The IED can be connected to several groups and thereby connect them to each other, by
acting as a “Boundary Clock”. If PTP is “On” on several Access Points, the IED connects the Access
Points via a boundary clock. If PTP is “On” on redundant Access Points, the IED acts as a
“Transparent Clock”.
In a network there may be variety of possible masters that are connected together where the masters
by selection, using the priority of PTP (also called the Best Master Algorithm, or BMC) to determine
which of them that is the best master.
1. Priority 1
setting for each device, default 128, set to a lower number if this device shall be the Grand
Master.
2. GM class
given from the type of device, for instance “6” for a GPS clock, “7” for a GPS clock that has lost
synch during a hold-over time, “187” for a clock that can also be a slave.
3. GM Accuracy
how accurate the time is as a enumerated value
4. Offset Scaled Variance
calculated value that shows the oscillator quality
5. Priority 2
setting for each device, default 128, set to a lower number if this device is preferred to be the
Grand Master, if Priority 1, GM class, GM accuracy and OffsetScaledVariance are the same for
all devices.
6. Identity, that is the MAC-adress of the port.
MAC address of the access points can be seen in LHMI under the settings of
each access point.
To setup a PTP network with no obvious Grand Master, you simply connect the IEDs to one network
and configure PTP to be “on” on all IEDs. On one IED, the one from which you want to set the time in
the station, you set the Priority2 to 127, instead of default 128. Now, this IED has higher priority than
the rest of the IEDs and will thereby act as “Grand Master”.
PTP is not set from TIMESYNCGEN:1 General, as SNTP is. Instead PTP is set via a parameter of
each Access Point. For more information, refer to section Time synchronization.
It shall be noted that an IED synchronized to local time in a PTP network is seen as
local synchronized, if the grand master is not synchronized. If an IED is the grand
master without any synchronization from somewhere else, then this grand master
IED is seen as not synchronized. This is reflected in the time quality of the events in
IEC 61850 in the field ClockNotSynchronized.
M12331-1 v9
Function Value
Time tagging resolution, events and sampled measurement values 1 ms
Time tagging error with synchronization once/min (minute pulse synchronization), ± 1.0 ms typically
events and sampled measurement values
Time tagging error with SNTP synchronization, sampled measurement values ± 1.0 ms typically
GUID-8AEB81D0-1731-46DF-A206-D2E758823575 v2
Supported types of clock Boundary Clock (BC), Ordinary Clock (OC), Transparent Clock
(TC)
Accuracy According to standard IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3
Number of nodes According to standard IEC/IEEE 61850-9-3
Ports supported All rear Ethernet ports
Use the four different groups of settings to optimize the IED operation for different power system
conditions. Creating and switching between fine-tuned setting sets, either from the local HMI or
configurable binary inputs, results in a highly adaptable IED that can be applied to a variety of power
system scenarios.
M12010-3 v3
ACTVGRP
ACTGRP1 GRP1
ACTGRP2 GRP2
ACTGRP3 GRP3
ACTGRP4 GRP4
ACTGRP5 GRP5
ACTGRP6 GRP6
SETCHGD
REMSETEN
IEC05000433-3-en.vsd
IEC05000433 V3 EN-US
PID-6558-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-6558-OUTPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3572-SETTINGS v5
M12008-8 v11
Parameter setting groups ActiveGroup function has six functional inputs, each corresponding to one
of the setting groups stored in the IED. Activation of any of these inputs changes the active setting
group. Eight functional output signals are available for configuration purposes, so that information on
the active setting group is always available.
A setting group is selected by using the local HMI, from a front connected personal computer,
remotely from the station control or station monitoring system or by activating the corresponding
input to the ActiveGroup function block.
Each input of the function block can be configured to connect to any of the binary inputs in the IED.
To do this PCM600 must be used.
The external control signals are used for activating a suitable setting group when adaptive
functionality is necessary. Input signals that should activate setting groups must be either permanent
or a pulse exceeding 400 ms.
More than one input may be activated at the same time. In such cases the lower order setting group
has priority. This means that if for example both group four and group two are set to be activated,
group two will be the one activated.
Every time a setting is changed, the output signal SETCHGD is sending a pulse. Activating or
deactivating test mode is made by changing a parameter, consequently this will also cause a pulse
on the SETCHGD output.
The parameter MaxNoSetGrp defines the maximum number of setting groups in use to switch
between.
The output REMSETEN indicates whether setting changes over IEC 61850 are enabled or not. Per
default, this is not enabled, which results in REMSETEN being at a logical low level. If setting
changes via IEC 61850 are enabled, then REMSETEN will be a logical high. The setting changes
over IEC 61850 is enabled with the setting EnableSettings in the IEC 61850-8-1 configuration under
Main menu /Configuration /Communication /Station communication /IEC 61850-8-1 /IEC
61850-8-1 . Please refer to documentation for IEC 61850 for further details.
Switching can only be done within that number of groups. The number of setting groups selected to
be used will be filtered so only the setting groups used will be shown on the Parameter Setting Tool.
ACTIVATE GROUP 6
ACTIVATE GROUP 5
ACTIVATE GROUP 4
ACTIVATE GROUP 3
ACTIVATE GROUP 2
+RL2 ACTIVATE GROUP 1
ACTVGRP
IOx-Bly1
Æ ACTGRP1 GRP1
IOx-Bly2
Æ ACTGRP2 GRP2
IOx-Bly5
Æ ACTGRP5 GRP5
IOx-Bly6
Æ ACTGRP6 GRP6
SETCHGD
REMSETEN
IEC05000119-3-en.vsd
IEC05000119 V3 EN-US
When entering IED test mode there is an option to block all functions. Active test mode is indicated
by a flashing yellow Start LED on the LHMI. After that, it is possible to block/unblock arbitrarily
selected functions from the LHMI to perform required tests.
When leaving TESTMODE, all blockings are removed (except for functions that have their block input
active), and the IED resumes normal operation. However, if during TESTMODE operation, power is
removed and later restored, the IED will remain in TESTMODE with the same protection functions
blocked or unblocked as before the power was removed. All testing will be done with actually set and
configured values within the IED. No settings will be changed, thus mistakes are avoided.
Forcing of binary input and output signals is only possible when the IED is in IED test mode.
TESTMODE
IED_TEST TEST
IED_TEST
BLOCK
NOEVENT
INPUT
SETTING
IEC61850
IEC14000072-1-en.vsd
IEC09000219 V2 EN-US
PID-6730-INPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6730-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
PID-6730-SETTINGS v1
M12015-4 v11
Set the IED in test mode by
While the IED is in test mode, the output ACTIVE of the function block TESTMODE is activated. The
outputs of the function block TESTMODE shows the cause of the “Test mode: being in On” state. If
the input from the configuration (OUTPUT signal is activated) or setting from local HMI (SETTING
signal is activated).
While the IED is in test mode, the yellow Start LED will flash and all functions can be blocked
depending on the configuration of the testmode component. Any function can be unblocked
individually regarding functionality and event signalling.
M11828-3 v9
The deblocking operation will reset when exiting the test mode.
The blocking of a function concerns all output signals from the actual function, so no outputs will be
activated.
If the IED is restarted while set to IED TESTMODE by a binary input all functions will
be temporarily unblocked during startup, which might cause unwanted operations.
The TESTMODE function block might be used to automatically block functions when a test handle is
inserted in a test switch. A contact in the test switch (RTXP24 contact 29-30) can supply a binary
input which in turn is configured to the TESTMODE function block.
Each of the functions includes the blocking from the TESTMODE function block.
The functions can also be blocked from sending events over IEC 61850 station bus to prevent filling
station and SCADA databases with test events, for example during a commissioning or maintenance
test.
IED identifiers (TERMINALID) function allows the user to identify the individual IED in the system, not
only in the substation, but in a whole region or a country.
Use only characters A-Z, a-z and 0-9 in station, object and unit names.
PID-6801-SETTINGS v1
Product information contains unchangeable data that uniquely identifies the IED.
Product information data is visible on the local HMI under Main menu/Diagnostics /IED status/
Product identifiers and under Main menu /Diagnostics/IED Status /Identifiers:
Product information data is visible on the local HMI under Main menu /Diagnostics/IED status /
Product identifiers and under Main menu/Diagnostics /IED Status/Identifiers .
• ProductVer
• ProductDef
• FirmwareVer
• SerialNo
• OrderingNo
• ProductionDate
• IEDProdType
The function does not have any parameters available in the local HMI or PCM600.
The factory defined settings are very useful for identifying a specific version and very helpful in the
case of maintenance, repair, interchanging IEDs between different Substation Automation Systems
and upgrading. The factory made settings can not be changed by the customer. They can only be
viewed. The settings are found in the local HMI under Main menu/Diagnostics /IED status/Product
identifiers
• IEDProdType
• Describes the type of the IED. Example: REL650
• ProductDef
• Describes the release number from the production. Example: 2.1.0
• FirmwareVer
• Describes the firmware version.
• The firmware version can be checked from Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/Product
identifiers
• Firmware version numbers run independently from the release production numbers. For
every release number there can be one or more firmware versions depending on the small
issues corrected in between releases.
• ProductVer
• Describes the product version. Example: 2.1.0
1 is the Major version of the manufactured product this means, new platform of the product
2 is the Minor version of the manufactured product this means, new functions or new hardware added
to the product
3 is the Major revision of the manufactured product this means, functions or hardware is either changed
or enhanced in the product
• IEDMainFunType
• Main function type code according to IEC 60870-5-103. Example: 128 (meaning line
protection).
• SerialNo
• OrderingNo
• ProductionDate
The Signal matrix for binary inputs (SMBI) function is used within the Application Configuration Tool
(ACT) in direct relation with the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT), see the application manual to get
information about how binary inputs are brought in for one IED configuration.
SMBI
^VIN1 ^BI1
^VIN2 ^BI2
^VIN3 ^BI3
^VIN4 ^BI4
^VIN5 ^BI5
^VIN6 ^BI6
^VIN7 ^BI7
^VIN8 ^BI8
^VIN9 ^BI9
^VIN10 ^BI10
IEC05000434-2-en.vsd
IEC05000434 V2 EN-US
PID-3940-INPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3940-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
The Signal matrix for binary inputs (SMBI) function , see figure 285, receives its inputs from the real
(hardware) binary inputs via the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT) or ACT, and makes them available to the
rest of the configuration via its outputs, BI1 to BI10. The inputs and outputs, as well as the whole
block, can be given a user defined name. These names will be represented in SMT as information
which signals shall be connected between physical IO and SMBI function. The input/output user
defined name will also appear on the respective output/input signal.
The Signal matrix for binary outputs (SMBO) function is used within the Application Configuration
Tool (ACT) in direct relation with the Signal Matrix Tool (SMT), see the application manual to get
information about how binary inputs are sent from one IED configuration.
SMBO
BO1 ^BO1
BO2 ^BO2
BO3 ^BO3
BO4 ^BO4
BO5 ^BO5
BO6 ^BO6
BO7 ^BO7
BO8 ^BO8
BO9 ^BO9
BO10 ^BO10
IEC05000439-2-en.vsd
IEC05000439 V2 EN-US
PID-3831-INPUTSIGNALS v5
The Signal matrix for binary outputs (SMBO) function , see figure 286, receives logical signal from
the IED configuration, which is transferring to the real (hardware) outputs, via the Signal Matrix Tool
(SMT) or ACT. The inputs in SMBO are BO1 to BO10 and they, as well as the whole function block,
can be tag-named. The name tags will appear in SMT as information which signals shall be
connected between physical IO and the SMBO.
Signal matrix for analog inputs (SMAI), also known as the preprocessor function block, analyses the
connected four analog signals (three phases and neutral) and calculates all relevant information from
them like the phasor magnitude, phase angle, frequency, true RMS value, harmonics, sequence
components and so on. This information is then used by the respective functions connected to this
SMAI block in ACT (for example protection, measurement or monitoring functions).
SEMOD54868-4 v12
SMAI1
BLOCK SPFCOUT
DFTSPFC G1AI3P
REVROT G1AI1
^GRP1L1 G1AI2
^GRP1L2 G1AI3
^GRP1L3 G1AI4
^GRP1N G1N
IEC14000027-1-en.vsd
IEC14000027 V1 EN-US
The number of available task time groups depend on product and configuration. Up to four task time
groups are available in a product. The task time defines the execution repetition rate for the task time
groups. The task times valid for a product are found in PCM600, Application configuration tool.
SEMOD54997-4 v11
SMAI2
BLOCK G2AI3P
REVROT G2AI1
^GRP2L1 G2AI2
^GRP2L2 G2AI3
^GRP2L3 G2AI4
^GRP2N G2N
IEC14000028-1-en.vsd
IEC14000028 V1 EN-US
The number of available task time groups depend on product and configuration. Up to four task time
groups are available in a product. The task time defines the execution repetition rate for the task time
groups. The task times valid for a product are found in PCM600, Application configuration tool.
PID-3405-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3405-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
PID-3406-INPUTSIGNALS v6
PID-3406-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
SEMOD130357-4 v3
PID-3405-SETTINGS v5
PID-3406-SETTINGS v5
Every Signal matrix for analog inputs function (SMAI) can receive four analog signals (three phases
and one neutral or residual value), either voltage or current, see figure 287 and figure 288. SMAI
outputs give information about every aspect of the 3ph analog signals acquired (phase angle, RMS
value, frequency and frequency derivates etc. – 244 values in total). The BLOCK input will force all
outputs to value zero if BLOCK is TRUE (1). However, when the disturbance recorder is connected to
the single-phase outputs of SMAI, the sample data to the disturbance recorder will not be blocked.
The disturbance recorder bypasses SMAI to the sample data channels.
System phase rotation and frequency are defined using the PhaseRotation and Frequency settings in
the primary system values PRIMVAL function. Logic 1 in the REVROT input to the SMAI function
means that the phase rotation is changed relative to the set PhaseRotation in PRIMVAL.
The output signal AI1 to AI4 are single phase outputs which directly represent the four inputs
GRPxL1, GRPxL2, GRPxL3 and GRPxN, x=1-12. GxN (x = 1-12) is always calculated residual sum
from the first three inputs. A3P is grouped, three-phase information containing all relevant information
about four connected inputs. Note that all other functions, with a few exceptions, use this output in
configuration. Note that the SMAI function will always calculate the residual sum of current/voltage if
the input GRPxN is not connected in SMT. Applications with a few exceptions shall always be
connected to AI3P.
The SMAI function includes a functionality based on the level of positive sequence voltage,
MinValFreqMeas, to validate if the frequency measurement is valid or not. If the positive sequence
voltage is lower than MinValFreqMeas, the function freezes the frequency output value for 500 ms
and after that the frequency output is set to the nominal value. A signal is available for the SMAI
function to prevent operation due to non-valid frequency values. MinValFreqMeas is set as % of
UBase/√3
If SMAI setting ConnectionType is Ph-Ph, at least two of the inputs GRPxL1, GRPxL2 and GRPxL3,
where 1≤x≤12, must be connected in order to calculate the positive sequence voltage. Note that
phase to phase inputs shall always be connected as follows: L1-L2 to GRPxL1, L2-L3 to GRPxL2,
L3-L1 to GRPxL3. If SMAI setting ConnectionType is Ph-N, all three inputs GRPxL1, GRPxL2 and
GRPxL3 must be connected in order to calculate the positive sequence voltage.
If only one phase-phase voltage is available and SMAI setting ConnectionType is Ph-Ph, the user is
advised to connect two (not three) of the inputs GRPxL1, GRPxL2 and GRPxL3 to the same voltage
input as shown in figure 289 to make SMAI calculate a positive sequence voltage.
SMAI1
BLOCK SPFCOUT SAPTOF
DFTSPFC G1AI3P U3P* TRIP SAPTOF(1)_TRIP
UL1L2 BLOCK START
REVROT G1AI1
PHASEL1 G1AI2 BLKTRIP BLKDMAGN
^GRP1L1 G1AI4 FREQ
TRM_40.CH7(U) PHASEL2
G1N
^GRP1L2
PHASEL3
^GRP1L3
NEUTRAL
^GRP1N
EC10000060-3-en.vsdx
IEC10000060 V3 EN-US
The above described scenario does not work if SMAI setting ConnectionType is Ph-
N. If only one phase-earth voltage is available, the same type of connection can be
used but the SMAI ConnectionType setting must still be Ph-Ph and this has to be
accounted for when setting MinValFreqMeas. If SMAI setting ConnectionType is Ph-
N and the same voltage is connected to all three SMAI inputs, the positive sequence
voltage will be zero and the frequency functions will not work properly.
The outputs from the above configured SMAI block shall only be used for
Overfrequency protection (SAPTOF), Underfrequency protection (SAPTUF) and
Rate-of-change frequency protection (SAPFRC) due to that all other information
except frequency and positive sequence voltage might be wrongly calculated.
In some configurations SMAI may produce incorrectly calculated phase-earth values, when this is the
case, a hint will be available in LHMI with text as below.
Calculated phase-earth values are used from one or more SMAIs configured for phase-phase inputs,
without connection to N input.
However, this configuration, combined with unbalanced three-phase input, results in incorrect
calculated phase-earth values.
This in turn may result in maloperation of functions connected to SMAIs configured in this way, if the
function uses phase-earth based values.
Further, if SUM3PH is connected to such a SMAI, then its output values will be incorrect, and the
connected functions may maloperate.
Summation block 3 phase function 3PHSUM is used to get the sum of two sets of three-phase
analog signals (of the same type) for those IED functions that might need it.
3PHSUM
BLOCK SPFCOUT
BLKGR1 AI3P
BLKGR2 AI1
REVROT AI2
^G1AI3P* AI3
^G2AI3P* AI4
IEC05000441-4-en.vsdx
IEC05000441 V4 EN-US
PID-6428-INPUTSIGNALS v3
PID-6428-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
SEMOD130361-4 v2
PID-6428-SETTINGS v3
Summation block 3 phase 3PHSUM receives the three-phase signals from Signal matrix for analog
inputs function (SMAI). The BLOCK input will reset all the outputs of the function to 0.
17.10.1 Identification
GUID-B8B3535D-227B-4151-9E98-BEB85F4D54DE v1
The rated system frequency and phase rotation direction are set under Main menu /Configuration /
Power system / Primary Values in the local HMI and PCM600 parameter setting tree.
17.10.3 Settings
PID-1626-SETTINGS v17
IEC04000458-2-en.psd
IEC04000458 V2 EN-US
M16105-3 v10
Table 519: Designations for 1/2 x 19” casing with 1 TRM slot
1/2x19"
Front view Rear position Module
p40 p31 p30 p5 p4 p3 p1
P30:1
X11 PSM
P30:2
X31 and X32 etc. to X51 and X52 BIM, BOM or IOM
P30:3
X305 LDCM
P31:1
6U
X306 LDCM
X311: A, B, C, D SLM
P31:2
P30:5
X302
X303
X311
A
X304
B
X305 X312
X306 X313
IEC17000067 V1 EN-US
Module Description
Power supply module (PSM) Including a regulated DC/DC converter that supplies auxiliary
voltage to all static circuits.
Numerical module (NUM) Module for overall application control. All information is processed
or passed through this module, such as configuration, settings
and communication. The module provides four SFPs for Ethernet
traffic.
Local Human machine interface (LHMI) The module consists of LEDs, an LCD, a push button keyboard
and an ethernet connector used to connect a PC to the IED.
Transformer input module (TRM) Transformer module that galvanically separates the internal
circuits from the VT and CT circuits. It has 12 analog inputs.
Table continues on next page
Module Description
Analog digital conversion module (ADM) The module converts the VT and CT analog signals from the TRM
to digital signals processed by the NUM. Carrier for
communication boards.
Note: TRM module is not included in SAM600-IO, so ADM
module is only used for internal communication carrier for IO
modules.
Combined backplane module (CBM) The module has two main purposes: to distribute supply voltages
from the PSM to the other modules and to act as a
communication carrier via its two buses, CompactPCI for fast I/O
and communication and CAN for slow I/O.
Universal backplane module (UBM) The module is used to interconnect the TRM and the ADM. It also
connects the NUM with the LHMI
Module Description
Binary input module (BIM) Module with 16 optically isolated binary inputs
Binary output module (BOM) Module with 24 single outputs or 12 double-pole command
outputs including supervision function
Binary I/O module (IOM) Module with 8 optically isolated binary inputs, 10 outputs and 2
fast signalling outputs.
Serial SPA/LON/IEC 60870-5-103 Used for SPA/LON/IEC 60870–5–103 communication
communication modules (SLM)
Optical Ethernet SFP Small form factor pluggable for Ethernet communication
Galvanic RJ45 Ethernet SFP Small form factor pluggable for Ethernet communication
Galvanic RS485 communication module Module used for DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-103 communication
(RS485)
IRIG-B Time synchronization module (IRIG-B) Module with 2 inputs. One is used for handling both pulse-width
modulated signals and amplitude modulated signals and one is
used for optical input type ST for PPS time synchronization.
The numeric processing module (NUM) is a CPU module that handles all protection functions and
logic.
For communication with high speed modules, for example analog input modules and high speed
serial interfaces, NUM is equipped with a Compact PCI bus. NUM is a compact PCI system card,
that is, it controls bus mastering, clock distribution and receives interrupts.
NUM provides up to 4 optical (type LC) or galvanic (type RJ45) Ethernet ports (one basic and three
optional).
Ethernet ports can be configured as four separate or in redundant mode PRP, HSR, or RSTP. The
combination supports two PRP, two HSR networks, or one RSTP network.
The numeric module (NUM) is a high-performance CPU module based on a dual-core processor. It is
6U high and occupies one slot. Contact with the backplane is achieved via a compact PCI connector
and an euro connector.
The NUM has two PC-MIP expansion slots where mezzanine cards, such as the LDCM, can be
mounted. It also has four SFP cages for Ethernet communication. Up to four SFP transceivers for
optical 100BASE-FX or galvanic RJ45 100BASE-TX communication can be mounted in the SFP
cages.
Application code and configuration data are stored in flash memory, and non-volatile RAM is used to
store log data.
The NUM is equipped with a real time clock. It uses a capacitor to keep track of the time when the
IED is not energized.
The NUM is passively cooled, which is possible due to its low power dissipation.
SEMOD55310-2 v15
GUID-96676D5D-0835-44DA-BC22-058FD18BDF34 v3
The power supply module is used to provide the correct internal voltages and full isolation between
the IED and the battery system. An internal fail alarm output is available.
M6377-3 v2
There are two types of the power supply module. They are designed for different DC input voltage
ranges see table 525. The power supply module contains a built-in, self-regulated DC/DC converter
that provides full isolation between the terminal and the external battery system.
The DC input is protected against inverse polarity within the rated DC voltage range.
IEC08000476 V2 EN-US
M12286-1 v9
GUID-61AA4AEF-D09C-4BA6-9142-B5CA857C0574 v1
The transformer input module is used to galvanically separate and adapt the secondary currents and
voltages generated by the measuring transformers. The module has twelve inputs in different
combinations of currents and voltage inputs.
TRM variants are available depending on the product. The rated values and channel type of the
current inputs are selected at order.
Transformer input module for measuring should not be used with current
transformers intended for protection purposes, due to limitations in overload
characteristics.
For configuration of the input and output signals, refer to section "Signal matrix for analog inputs
SMAI".
1MRK006501-AF-TRM-IEC-6502P1 V1 EN-US
M16988-1 v11
Table 527: TRM - Energizing quantities, rated values and limits for protection transformer
Description Value
Frequency
Rated frequency fr 50/60 Hz
Current inputs
Rated current Ir 1 or 5 A
Description Value
*) max. 350 A for 1 s when COMBITEST test switch is included.
Voltage inputs **)
Rated voltage Ur 110 or 220 V
The binary input module has 16 optically isolated inputs and is available in two versions, one
standard and one with enhanced pulse counting capabilities on the inputs to be used with the pulse
counter function. The binary inputs are freely programmable and can be used for the input of logical
signals to any of the functions. They can also be included in the disturbance recording and event-
recording functions. This enables extensive monitoring and evaluation of operation of the IED and for
all associated electrical circuits.
The Binary input module contains 16 optical isolated binary inputs. The voltage level of the binary
input is selected at order.
For configuration of the input signals, refer to section "Signal matrix for binary inputs SMBI".
A signal discriminator detects and blocks oscillating signals. When blocked, a hysteresis function
may be set to release the input at a chosen frequency, making it possible to use the input for pulse
counting. The blocking frequency may also be set.
Well defined input high and input low voltages ensure normal operation at battery supply earth faults,
see figure 294 The figure shows the typical operating characteristics of the binary inputs of the four
voltage levels.
The standard version of binary inputs gives an improved capability to withstand disturbances and
should generally be used when pulse counting is not required. Inputs are debounced by software.
I/O events are time stamped locally on each module for minimum time deviance and stored by the
event recorder if present.
[V]
300
176
144
88
72
38
32
19
17
xx06000391-2-en.vsd
IEC06000391 V2 EN-US
Operation
Operation uncertain
No operation
IEC99000517-ABC V1 EN-US
This binary input module communicates with the Numerical module (NUM).
The design of all binary inputs enables the burn off of the oxide of the relay contact connected to the
input, despite the low, steady-state power consumption, which is shown in figure 295 and 296.
[mA]
50
55 [ms]
en07000104-3.vsd
IEC07000104 V3 EN-US
Figure 295: Approximate binary input inrush current for the standard version of BIM.
[mA]
50
5.5 [ms]
en07000105-1.vsd
IEC07000105 V2 EN-US
Figure 296: Approximate binary input inrush current for the BIM version with enhanced pulse
counting capabilities.
IEC99000503 V3 EN-US
18.2.6.3 Signals
PID-6435-OUTPUTSIGNALS v5
18.2.6.4 Settings
PID-3473-SETTINGS v2
M12576-1 v13
M50609-2 v10
Table 532: BIM - Binary input module with enhanced pulse counting capabilities
The binary output module has 24 independent output relays and is used for trip output or any
signaling purpose.
The binary output module (BOM) has 24 software supervised output relays. Each pair of relays have
a common power source input to the contacts, see figure 298. This should be considered when
connecting the wiring to the connection terminal on the back of the IED.
The high closing and carrying current capability allows connection directly to breaker trip and closing
coils. If breaking capability is required to manage fail of the breaker auxiliary contacts normally
breaking the trip coil current, a parallel reinforcement is required.
For configuration of the output signals, refer to section "Signal matrix for binary outputs SMBO".
Output module
xx00000299.vsd
IEC00000299 V1 EN-US
IEC99000505 V5 EN-US
18.2.7.3 Signals
PID-3439-INPUTSIGNALS v2
PID-3439-OUTPUTSIGNALS v1
18.2.7.4 Settings
PID-3439-SETTINGS v2
M12441-1 v12
Table 538: BOM - Binary output module contact data (reference standard: IEC 61810-1)
The stated operate time for functions include the operating time for the binary inputs
and outputs.
The binary input/output module is used when only a few input and output channels are needed. The
ten standard output channels are used for trip output or any signaling purpose. The two high speed
signal output channels are used for applications where short operating time is essential. Eight
optically isolated binary inputs cater for required binary input information.
M1718-3 v4
The binary input/output module is available in two basic versions, one with unprotected contacts and
one with MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) protected contacts.
Inputs are designed to allow oxide burn-off from connected contacts, and increase the disturbance
immunity during normal protection operate times. This is achieved with a high peak inrush current
while having a low steady-state current, see figure 295. Inputs are debounced by software.
Well defined input high and input low voltages ensures normal operation at battery supply earth
faults, see figure 294.
The voltage level of the inputs is selected when ordering. Alternative connectors of Ring lug or
Compression type can be ordered.
I/O events are time stamped locally on each module for minimum time deviance and stored by the
event recorder if present.
M1898-3 v3
The binary I/O module, IOM, has eight optically isolated inputs and ten output relays. One of the
outputs has a change-over contact. The nine remaining output contacts are connected in two groups.
One group has five contacts with a common and the other group has four contacts with a common, to
be used as single-output channels, see figure 300.
The binary I/O module also has two high speed output channels where a reed relay is connected in
parallel to the standard output relay.
For configuration of the input and output signals, refer to sections "Signal matrix for binary inputs
SMBI" and "Signal matrix for binary outputs SMBO".
IEC1MRK002801-AA11-UTAN-RAM V2 EN-US
Figure 300: Binary in/out module (IOM), input contacts named XA corresponds to rear position
X31, X41, and so on, and output contacts named XB to rear position X32, X42, and
so on
SEMOD175370-4 v1
The binary input/output module version with MOV protected contacts can for example be used in
applications where breaking high inductive load would cause excessive wear of the contacts.
The test voltage across open contact is lower for this version of the binary input/
output module.
xx04000069.vsd
IEC04000069 V1 EN-US
18.2.8.3 Signals
PID-6434-OUTPUTSIGNALS v4
PID-4049-INPUTSIGNALS v2
18.2.8.4 Settings
PID-4050-SETTINGS v2
PID-4049-MONITOREDDATA v2
M12573-1 v11
The stated operate time for functions include the operating time for the binary inputs
and outputs.
M12318-1 v12
Table 545: IOM - Binary input/output module contact data (reference standard: IEC 61810-1)
Function or quantity Trip and signal relays Fast signal relays (parallel reed
relay)
Binary outputs 10 21)
Max system voltage 250 V AC/DC 250 V DC
Min load voltage 24 V DC —
Test voltage across open contact, 1 min 1000 V rms 800 V DC
Current carrying capacity
Per relay, continuous 8A 8A
Per relay, 1 s 10 A 10 A
Per process connector pin, continuous 12 A 12 A
Making capacity for DC with L/R > 10 ms:
0.2 s
1.0 s 30 A 0.4 A
10 A 0.4 A
Making capacity at resistive load
220–250 V/0.4 A
0.2 s 30 A 110–125 V/0.4 A
1.0 s 10 A 48–60 V/0.2 A
24–30 V/0.1 A
Breaking capacity for AC, cos φ > 0.4 250 V/8.0 A 250 V/8.0 A
Table continues on next page
Function or quantity Trip and signal relays Fast signal relays (parallel reed
relay)
Breaking capacity for DC with L/R < 40 ms 48 V/1 A 48 V/1 A
(According to IEC 61810-1) 110 V/0.4 A 110 V/0.4 A
125 V/0.35 A 125 V/0.35 A
220 V/0.2 A 220 V/0.2 A
250 V/0.15 A 250 V/0.15 A
Breaking capacity for DC with L/R=100ms 110 V / 0.3 A 110 V / 0.3 A
Breaking capacity for DC with resistive load 48 V / 2 A 48 V / 2 A
110 V / 0.5 A 110 V / 0.5 A
125 V / 0.45 A 125 V / 0.45 A
220 V / 0.35 A 220 V / 0.35 A
250 V / 0.3 A 250 V / 0.3 A
Maximum capacitive load - 10 nF
Max operations with inductive load L/R ≤ 40 ms 1000
Max operations with resistive load 2000
Max operations with no load 10000
Operating time < 6 ms <= 1 ms
Table 546: IOM with MOV and IOM 220/250 V, 110mA - contact data (reference standard: IEC 61810-1)
Function or quantity Trip and Signal relays Fast signal relays (parallel reed
relay)
Binary outputs IOM: 10 IOM: 2
Max system voltage 250 V AC/ DC 250 V DC
Min load voltage 24 V DC -
Test voltage across open contact, 1 min 250 V rms 250 V rms
Current carrying capacity
Per relay, continuous 8A 8A
Per relay, 1 s 10 A 10 A
Per process connector pin, continuous 12 A 12 A
Making capacity for DC with L/R > 10 ms:
0.2 s
1.0 s 30 A 0.4 A
10 A 0.4 A
Making capacity at resistive load
220–250 V/0.4 A
0.2 s 30 A 110–125 V/0.4 A
1.0 s 10 A 48–60 V/0.2 A
24–30 V/0.1 A
Breaking capacity for AC, cos j > 0.4 250 V/8.0 A 250 V/8.0 A
Breaking capacity for DC with L/R < 40 ms 48 V/1 A 48 V/1 A
(According to IEC 61810-1) 110 V/0.4 A 110 V/0.4 A
220 V/0.2 A 220 V/0.2 A
250 V/0.15 A 250 V/0.15 A
Breaking capacity for DC with L/R=100ms 110 V / 0.3 A 110 V / 0.3 A
Breaking capacity for DC with resistive load 48 V / 2 A 48 V / 2 A
110 V / 0.5 A 110 V / 0.5 A
125 V / 0.45 A 125 V / 0.45 A
220 V / 0.35 A 220 V / 0.35 A
250 V / 0.3 A 250 V / 0.3 A
Maximum capacitive load - 10 nF
Table continues on next page
Function or quantity Trip and Signal relays Fast signal relays (parallel reed
relay)
Max operations with inductive load L/R ≤ 40 ms 1000 -
Max operations with resistive load 2000
Max operations with no load 10000 -
Operating time < 6 ms <= 1 ms
The Serial and LON communication module (SLM) is used for SPA, IEC 60870-5-103, DNP3 and
LON communication. SLM has two optical communication ports for plastic/plastic, plastic/glass or
glass/glass fiber cables. One port is used for serial communication (SPA, IEC 60870-5-103 or DNP3
port) and the other port is used for LON communication.
SLM is a PMC card and it is factory mounted as a mezzanine card on the first Analog digital
conversion module (ADM). Three variants of SLM are available with different combinations of optical
fiber connectors, see figure 302. The plastic fiber connectors are of snap-in type and the glass fiber
connectors are of ST type.
I
EC0500760=1=en=Or
igi
nal
.psd
IEC05000760 V2 EN-US
1 Receiver, LON
2 Transmitter, LON
3 Receiver, SPA/IEC 60870-5-103/DNP3
4 Transmitter, SPA/IEC 60870-5-103/DNP3
A Snap-in connector for plastic fiber
B ST connector for glass fiber
In the following figure, X311 ports A/B are for SPA, IEC103 or DNP3 and X311 ports
C/D are for LON protocol.
IEC21000051 V1 EN-US
M12589-1 v6
SEMOD117441-2 v7
The Galvanic RS485 communication module (RS485) is used for DNP3.0 and IEC 60870-5-103
communication. The module has one RS485 communication port. The RS485 is a balanced serial
communication that can be used either in 2-wire or 4-wire connections. A 2-wire connection uses the
same signal for RX and TX and is a multidrop communication with no dedicated Master or slave. This
variant requires however a control of the output. The 4-wire connection has separated signals for RX
and TX multidrop communication with a dedicated Master and the rest are slaves. No special control
signal is needed in this case.
SEMOD158670-4 v3
RS485 is a PC-MIP card, and it is factory mounted as a mezzanine card on the Analog digital
conversion module (ADM).
Angle
bracket
Screw
1
terminal
X3 2
1
2 RS485
3 PWB
Screw
4
terminal
5
X1
6
Backplane
IEC06000517 V1 EN-US
• Soft grounded: The IO is connected to the GND with an RC net parallel with a MOV
• Two-wire
• Four-wire
A two-wire connection uses the same signal for RX and TX, and is a multidrop communication with
no dedicated master or slave. This variant requires however a control of the output. The four-wire
connection has separate signals for RX and TX multidrop communication with a dedicated master
and the rest are slaves. No special control signal is needed in this case.
DLinkConfirm determines when the stack should ask for link layer confirmations. Since DNP3
supports breaking an application layer message into multiple link layer frames, set to the following
based on the desired operation for a specific communication session:
tDLinkTimeout specifies the maximum amount of time to wait for a link level confirm if requested (that
is, if DLinkConfirm is On). Even if DLinkConfirm is set to Never, this will be used for linktest frame
and request link status if they are sent.
DLinkRetries is the maximum number of link layer retries if data-link layer confirms time up.
tRxToTxMinDel is the minimum time (in seconds) after receiving a character, before another attempt
to transmit a character on this channel. This is generally useful when using a modem or some other
communication device that requires a minimum time between receive and transmit.
Stopbit defines the number of stop bits for the serial port.
Parity defines the parity to use for the serial port it can be set to:
tRTSWarmUp configures transmitter warm-up and warm-down delay times (in milliseconds). If warm-
up is configured to non-zero then at start of the send, the transmitter is On. This means that the line
is driven but the data send of the start is delayed by the warm-up delay time.
tRTSWarmDown specifies that if warm-down is configured to non zero then at end of the send, the
transmitter deactivation is delayed by the warm-down time.
tBackOffDelay specifies that if the data send is started, a check is made if data is being received at
that time. If yes, a back-off timer is started and when it times out, a check is made again to see if line
is idle. If no, a new back-off timer is started. This is repeated until the line is idle and send can start.
Line idle is determined when nothing is received for more than a character time. The back-off time
consists of a configurable fixed time and a random time where the maximum random time is also
configurable. The back-off feature is always on.
tMaxRndDelBkOf specifies the configurable RS485 maximum back-off random time delay in
seconds.
The MSTSERIAL function includes the same settings as the MS1TCP to MS4TCP
functions, except the ChToAssociate setting which is used to select either the serial
optical or RS485 communication interface on hardware modules.
SEMOD158710-2 v3
The IRIG-B time synchronizing module is used for accurate time synchronizing of the IED from a
station clock.
Electrical (BNC) and optical connection (ST) for 0XX and 12X IRIG-B support.
The IRIG-B module has two inputs. One input is for the IRIG-B that can handle both a pulse-width
modulated signal (also called unmodulated) and an amplitude modulated signal (also called sine
wave modulated). The other is an optical input type ST for optical pulse-width modulated signal
(IRIG-B 00X). The IRIG-B module is mounted as a mezzanine card on the Analog digital conversion
module (ADM).
ST
Y2
A1
IEC06000304=1=en=Original.ai
IEC06000304 V2 EN-US
Figure 305: IRIG-B PC-MIP board with top left ST connector for optical IRIG-B 00X 820 nm
multimode fiber optic signal input and lower left BNC connector for IRIG-B signal
input
• IRIG-B. This encoding is based on the legacy of (pre-2004) IRIG-B standard which is without
any time zone information. IRIG-B uses the timecoding available in IRIG-B 00x and IRIG-B 12x,
where x = 0-7. When x is set in the range from 4-7, the year information is provided along with
year and time data.
• 1344. This encoding is based on the current (2004) IRIG-B standard. IED uses the time zone
information from TIMEZONE:1. The setting 1344 refers to the Annex F in IEEE1344, which adds
information regarding quality of the time using the control bits in the IRIG-B message. This
annex also contains the year information with the variable x that ranges from 4-7 in the 2004
version of IRIG-B.
• 1344TZ. This encoding is based on the current (2004) IRIG-B standard. This time zone
information from IRIG-B overrides the TIMEZONE:1 settings. This setting” uses the information
as 1344, overriding the TIMEZONE setting.
• MinusTZ. Encoded IRIG time minus time zone offset equals UTC at all times.
• PlusTZ. Encoded IRIG time plus time zone offset equals UTC at all times.
18.2.11.5 Settings
PID-5187-SETTINGS v5
SEMOD141136-2 v10
M11985-110 v7
IEC08000163‐3‐en.vsdx
IEC08000163 V3 EN-US
IEC08000165‐3‐en.vsdx
IEC08000165 V3 EN-US
Figure 307: Case with protective cover and 19” rack mounting kit
IEC05000503-3-en.vsdx
IEC05000503 V3 EN-US
Case size A B C D E F G H I
(mm)
6U, 1/2 x 19” 265.9 223.7 247.5 255.0 205.8 190.5 466.5 232.5 482.6
The G and I dimensions are defined by the 19” rack mounting kit.
M2152-3 v8
IEC08000164-4-en.vsdx
IEC08000164 V4 EN-US
IEC08000166‐3‐en.vsdx
IEC08000166 V3 EN-US
Figure 310: Case without protective cover with 19” rack mounting kit
M2152-11 v5
Case size
A B C D E F G H I
(mm)
6U, 1/2 x 19” 265.9 223.7 204.1 249.9 205.8 190.5 466.5 189.1 482.6
The G and I dimensions are defined by the 19” rack mounting kit
A C
E
D
IEC04000465-3-en.vsd
IEC04000465 V3 EN-US
IEC06000182-2-en.vsd
IEC06000182 V2 EN-US
D
B
E
F
C
xx05000505.vsd
IEC05000505 V1 EN-US
Case size A B C D E F G
(mm) ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1
Tolerance
6U, 1/2 x 19” 214.0 259.3 240.4 190.5 34.4 13.2 6.4 diam
IEC04000471-2-en.vsd
IEC04000471 V2 EN-US
18.3.6 External resistor unit for high impedance differential protection SEMOD154026-4 v3
[4.02]
Dimension
mm [inches] xx06000232.eps
IEC06000232 V2 EN-US
[7.50]
en06000234.eps
[inches]
IEC06000234 V2 EN-US
Figure 316: Dimension drawing of a three phase high impedance resistor unit
The flush mounting kit can be used for the 1/2 x 19” case size.
Only a single case can be mounted in each cut-out on the cubicle panel, for class IP54 protection.
The screws from the IED shall be used to fasten the fasteners to the IED.
Flush mounting cannot be used for side-by-side mounted IEDs when IP54 class
must be fulfilled. Only IP20 class can be obtained when mounting two cases side-by-
side in one (1) cut-out.
6
3
IEC16000080=1=en.vsd
IEC16000080 V1 EN-US
4 Screw 4 M3x8 mm
5 Joining point of sealing strip - -
6 Panel - -
Use only the screws included in the mounting kit when mounting the plates and the
angles on the IED. Screws with wrong dimension may damage the PCBs inside the
IED.
If fiber cables are bent too much, the signal can be weakened. Wall mounting is
therefore not recommended for any communication modules with fiber connection.
2
3
1 4
IEC130 00266-1-en.vsd
IEC13000266 V1 EN-US
The IED can be equipped with a rear protection cover recommended to be used with this type of
mounting. See figure 319.
To reach the rear side of the IED, a free space of 80 mm is required on the unhinged side.
3
1
80 mm 2
IEC06000135-2-en.vsd
IEC06000135 V3 EN-US
Figure 319: How to reach the connectors on the rear side of the IED.
The IED can be mounted in a standard 19” cubicle rack by using a mounting kit consisting of two
mounting angles and their fastening screws.
The mounting angles are reversible which enables mounting of the IED either to the left or the right
side of the cubicle.
A separately ordered rack mounting kit for side-by-side mounted IEDs or IEDs
together with RHGS cases should be selected so that the total size equals 19”.
Use only the screws included in the mounting kit when mounting the plates and the
angles on the IED. Screws with wrong dimension may damage the PCBs inside the
IED.
1a
1b
IEC04000452-3-en.vsd
IEC04000452 V3 EN-US
IED case size 1/2 x 19” and RHGS cases can be mounted side-by-side up to a maximum size of 19”.
For side-by-side rack mounting, the side-by-side mounting kit together with the 19” rack panel
mounting kit must be used. The mounting kit has to be ordered separately.
Use only the screws included in the mounting kit when mounting the plates and the
angles on the IED. Screws with wrong dimension may damage the PCBs inside the
IED.
3 1
2
4
IEC040004563enOriginal.vsdx
IEC04000456 V3 EN-US
A 1/2 x 19” size IED can be mounted with a RHGS case (6 or 12). The RHGS case can be used for
mounting a test switch of type RTXP 24. It also has enough space for a terminal base of RX 2 type
for mounting of, for example, a DC-switch or two auxiliary relays.
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
IEC06000180-2-en.vsd
IEC06000180 V2 EN-US
Figure 322: IED (1/2 x 19”) mounted with a RHGS6 case containing a test switch module
equipped with only a test switch and a RX2 terminal base
If IP54 is required it is not allowed to flush mount side by side mounted cases. If your application
demands side-by-side flush mounting, the side-by-side mounting details kit and the 19” panel rack
mounting kit must be used. The mounting kit has to be ordered separately. The maximum size of the
panel cut out is 19”.
Use only the screws included in the mounting kit when mounting the plates and the
angles on the IED. Screws with wrong dimension may damage the PCBs inside the
IED.
Please contact factory for special add on plates for mounting FT switches on the
side (for 1/2 19" case) or bottom of the relay.
1 2
IEC06000181-2-en.vsd
IEC06000181 V2 EN-US
Figure 323: Side-by-side flush mounting details (RHGS6 side-by-side with 1/2 x 19” IED).
M11778-1 v8
M12327-1 v6
Table 555: Water and dust protection level according to IEC 60529
M11777-1 v8
GUID-1CF5B10A-CF8B-407D-8D87-F4B48B43C2B2 v3
SEMOD53376-2 v6
M12583-1 v8
M16705-1 v18
90-250 V DC ± 20%
Interruption
interval
0–50 ms No restart
0–∞ s Correct behaviour at power
down
Restart time < 300 s
Harmonic frequency dependence (20% 2nd, 3rd and 5th harmonic of fr ±1.0%
content)
Harmonic frequency dependence for 2nd, 3rd and 5th harmonic of fr ±10.0%
high impedance differential protection
(10% content)
Harmonic frequency dependence for 2nd, 3rd and 5th harmonic of fr ±3.0%
overcurrent protection
Harmonic frequency dependence (20% 2nd, 3rd and 5th harmonic of fr ±1.0%
content)
Harmonic frequency dependence for 2nd, 3rd and 5th harmonic of fr ±5.0%
high impedance differential protection
(10% content)
M16706-1 v15
Description Value
Operating temperature range -25°C to +55°C (continuous)
Short-time service temperature range -40°C to +70°C (<16h)
Note: Degradation in MTBF and HMI performance
outside the temperature range of -25°C to +55°C
Relative humidity <93%, non-condensing
Atmospheric pressure 86 kPa to 106 kPa
Altitude up to 2000 m
Transport and storage temperature range -40°C to +85°C
Test According to
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 60255–26
Low voltage (LVD) EN 60255–27
Section 19 Labels
19.1 Labels on IED SEMOD168249-4 v5
6
2
10
3
IEC16000081=1=en.vsdx
IEC16000081 V1 EN-US
IEC15000573=2=en=Original.wsdx
IEC15000573 V2 EN-US
1 Warning label
2 Caution label
3 Class 1 laser product label It is used when an optical SFP or an MR LDCM is configured in
the product.
IEC06000575 V1 EN-US
The connection diagrams are delivered in the IED Connectivity package as part of the product
delivery.
In order to assure time selectivity between different overcurrent protections at different points in the
network different time delays for the different protections are normally used. The simplest way to do
this is to use definite time-lag. In more sophisticated applications current dependent time
characteristics are used. Both alternatives are shown in a simple application with three overcurrent
protections operating in series.
Stage 3
Time
Stage 2 Stage 2
Fault point
position
en05000130.vsd
IEC05000130 V1 EN-US
Time
Fault point
position
en05000131.vsd
IEC05000131 V1 EN-US
To assure selectivity between protections there must be a time margin between the operation time of
the protections. This required time margin is dependent of following factors, in a simple case with two
protections in series:
A1 B1
Feeder
I> I>
Time axis
en05000132.vsd
IEC05000132 V1 EN-US
where:
t=0 is The fault occurs
t=t1 is Protection B1 trips
In the case protection B1 shall operate without any intentional delay (instantaneous). When the fault
occurs the protections start to detect the fault current. After the time t1 the protection B1 send a trip
signal to the circuit breaker. The protection A1 starts its delay timer at the same time, with some
deviation in time due to differences between the two protections. There is a possibility that A1 will
start before the trip is sent to the B1 circuit breaker. At the time t2 the circuit breaker B1 has opened
its primary contacts and thus the fault current is interrupted. The breaker time (t2 - t1) can differ
between different faults. The maximum opening time can be given from manuals and test protocols.
Still at t2 the timer of protection A1 is active. At time t3 the protection A1 is reset, that is the timer is
stopped.
In most applications it is required that the times shall reset as fast as possible when the current fed to
the protection drops below the set current level, the reset time shall be minimized. In some
applications it is however beneficial to have some type of delayed reset time of the overcurrent
function. This can be the case in the following applications:
• If there is a risk of intermittent faults. If the current IED, close to the faults, starts and resets
there is a risk of unselective trip from other protections in the system.
• Delayed resetting could give accelerated fault clearance in case of automatic reclosing to a
permanent fault.
• Overcurrent protection functions are sometimes used as release criterion for other protection
functions. It can often be valuable to have a reset delay to assure the release function.
The function can operate in a definite time-lag mode or in a current definite inverse time mode. For
the inverse time characteristic both ANSI and IEC based standard curves are available. Also
programmable curve types are supported via the component inputs: p, A, B, C pr, tr, and cr.
If current in any phase exceeds the set start current value (here internal signal startValue), a timer,
according to the selected operating mode, is started. The component always uses the maximum of
the three phase current values as the current level used in timing calculations.
In case of definite time-lag mode the timer will run constantly until the time is reached or until the
current drops below the reset value (start value minus the hysteresis) and the reset time has
elapsed.
For definite time delay curve ANSI/IEEE Definite time or IEC Definite time are chosen.
The general expression for inverse time curves is according to equation 64.
æ ö
ç A
÷
t[ s ] = ç + B÷×k
ç æ i öp ÷
çç ÷ -C ÷
è è in > ø ø
EQUATION1189 V1 EN-US (Equation 64)
where:
p, A, B, C are constants defined for each curve type,
in> is the set start current for step n,
k is set time multiplier for step n and
i is the measured current.
For inverse time characteristics a time will be initiated when the current reaches the set start level.
From the general expression of the characteristic the following can be seen:
ææ i öp ö
(top - B × k ) × ç ç ÷ - C ÷ = A×k
è è in > ø ø
EQUATION1190 V1 EN-US (Equation 65)
where:
top is the operating time of the protection
The time elapsed to the moment of trip is reached when the integral fulfils according to equation 66,
in addition to the constant time delay:
t
ææ i öp ö
ò ç çè in > ÷ø - C ÷ × dt ³ A × k
0 è ø
EQUATION1191 V1 EN-US (Equation 66)
For the numerical protection the sum below must fulfil the equation for trip.
æ æ i( j ) ö p
n ö
Dt × å ç ç ÷ - C ÷ ³ A× k
j =1 è è in > ø ø
EQUATION1192 V1 EN-US (Equation 67)
where:
j=1 is the first protection execution cycle when a fault has been detected, that
is, when
i
>1
in >
EQUATION1193 V1 EN-US
For inverse time operation, the inverse time characteristic is selectable. Both the IEC and ANSI/IEEE
standardized inverse time characteristics are supported.
For the IEC curves there is also a setting of the minimum time-lag of operation, see figure 329.
Operate
time
tMin
Current
IMin
IEC05000133-3-en.vsd
IEC05000133 V2 EN-US
In order to fully comply with IEC curves definition setting parameter tMin shall be set to the value
which is equal to the operating time of the selected IEC inverse time curve for measured current of
twenty times the set current start value. Note that the operating time value is dependent on the
selected setting value for time multiplier k.
In addition to the ANSI and IEC standardized characteristics, there are also two additional inverse
curves available; the RI curve and the RD curve.
The RI inverse time curve emulates the characteristic of the electromechanical ASEA relay RI. The
curve is described by equation 68:
æ ö
ç k ÷
t[ s ] = ç
in > ÷
ç 0.339 - 0.235 × ÷
è i ø
EQUATION1194 V1 EN-US (Equation 68)
where:
in> is the set start current for step n
k is set time multiplier for step n
i is the measured current
The RD inverse curve gives a logarithmic delay, as used in the Combiflex protection RXIDG. The
curve enables a high degree of selectivity required for sensitive residual earth-fault current
protection, with ability to detect high-resistive earth faults. The curve is described by equation 69:
æ i ö
t[ s ] = 5.8 - 1.35 × ln ç ÷
è k × in > ø
EQUATION1195 V1 EN-US (Equation 69)
where:
in> is the set start current for step n,
k is set time multiplier for step n and
i is the measured current
If the curve type programmable is chosen, the user can make a tailor made inverse time curve
according to the general equation 70.
æ ö
ç A
÷
t[ s ] = ç + B÷×k
ç æ i öp ÷
çç ÷ -C ÷
è è in > ø ø
EQUATION1196 V1 EN-US (Equation 70)
Also the reset time of the delayed function can be controlled. There is the possibility to choose
between three different reset time-lags.
• Instantaneous Reset
• IEC Reset
• ANSI Reset.
If instantaneous reset is chosen the timer will be reset directly when the current drops below the set
start current level minus the hysteresis.
If IEC reset is chosen the timer will be reset after a set constant time when the current drops below
the set start current level minus the hysteresis.
If ANSI reset time is chosen the reset time will be dependent of the current after fault clearance
(when the current drops below the start current level minus the hysteresis). The timer will reset
according to equation 71.
æ ö
ç tr ÷
t [s] = ç ÷×k
çæ i ö ÷
2
çç ÷ -1 ÷
è è in > ø ø
EQUATION1197 V2 EN-US (Equation 71)
where:
The set value tr is the reset time in case of zero current after fault clearance.
The possibility of choice of reset characteristics is to some extent dependent of the choice of time
delay characteristic.
For the definite time delay characteristics the possible reset time settings are instantaneous and IEC
constant time reset.
For ANSI inverse time delay characteristics all three types of reset time characteristics are available;
instantaneous, IEC constant time reset and ANSI current dependent reset time.
For IEC inverse time delay characteristics the possible delay time settings are instantaneous and IEC
set constant time reset).
For the programmable inverse time delay characteristics all three types of reset time characteristics
are available; instantaneous, IEC constant time reset and ANSI current dependent reset time. If the
current dependent type is used settings pr, tr and cr must be given, see equation 72:
æ ö
ç tr ÷
t [s] = ç ÷×k
çæ i ö ÷
pr
çç ÷ - cr ÷
è è in > ø ø
EQUATION1198 V2 EN-US (Equation 72)
For RI and RD inverse time delay characteristics the possible delay time settings are instantaneous
and IEC constant time reset.
GUID-F7AA2194-4D1C-4475-8853-C7D064912614 v4
When inverse time overcurrent characteristic is selected, the operate time of the
stage will be the sum of the inverse time delay and the set definite time delay. Thus,
if only the inverse time delay is required, it is important to set the definite time delay
for that stage to zero.
M12388-1 v24
Reset characteristic:
tr
t = ×k
(I 2
-1)
EQUATION1250-SMALL V1 EN-US
I = Imeasured/Iset
I = Imeasured/Iset
TR
t = ×k
(I PR
- CR )
EQUATION1253-SMALL V1 EN-US
I = Imeasured/Iset
I = Imeasured/Iset
æ I ö
t = 5.8 - ç 1.35 × In ÷
è k ø
EQUATION1138-SMALL V1 EN-US
I = Imeasured/Iset
GUID-19F8E187-4ED0-48C3-92F6-0D9EAA2B39BB v5
Table 574: ANSI Inverse time characteristics for Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power protection
Reset characteristic:
tr
t = ×k
(I 2
-1)
EQUATION1250-SMALL V1 EN-US
I = Imeasured/Iset
Table 575: IEC Inverse time characteristics for Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power protection
I = Imeasured/Iset
TR
t = ×k
(I PR
- CR )
EQUATION1253-SMALL V1 EN-US
I = Imeasured/Iset
The parameter setting TimeChar = Reserved shall not be used, since this parameter
setting is for future use and not implemented yet.
Table 576: RI and RD type inverse time characteristics for Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power
protection
I = Imeasured/Iset
æ I ö
t = 5.8 - ç 1.35 × In ÷
è k ø
EQUATION1138-SMALL V1 EN-US
I = Imeasured/Iset
GUID-2AE8C92E-5DA8-487F-927D-8E553EE29240 v3
Table 577: ANSI Inverse time characteristics for Voltage restrained time overcurrent protection
Reset characteristic:
tr
t = ×k
(I 2
-1)
EQUATION1250-SMALL V1 EN-US
I = Imeasured/Iset
Table 578: IEC Inverse time characteristics for Voltage restrained time overcurrent protection
I = Imeasured/Iset
SEMOD116978-2 v11
k
t =
æU -U >ö
ç ÷
è U> ø
EQUATION1436-SMALL V1 EN-US
U> = Uset
U = Umeasured
k 480
t 2.0
0.035
U Un
32 0.5
U n
IECEQUATION2423 V2 EN-US
k × 480
t= 3.0
+ 0.035
æ U - Un > ö
ç 32 × - 0.5 ÷
è U> ø
IECEQUATION2421 V1 EN-US
k
t =
æ U < -U ö
ç ÷
è U< ø
EQUATION1431-SMALL V1 EN-US
U< = Uset
U = Umeasured
k × 480
t = + 0.055
2.0
æ 32 × U < -U - 0.5 ö
ç ÷
è U < ø
EQUATION1432-SMALL V1 EN-US
U< = Uset
U = Umeasured
U< = Uset
U = Umeasured
k
t =
æU -U >ö
ç ÷
è U > ø
EQUATION1436-SMALL V1 EN-US
U> = Uset
U = Umeasured
k ⋅ 480
t = + 0.035
2.0
32 ⋅ U − U > − 0.5
U >
EQUATION1437-SMALL V2 EN-US
k ⋅ 480
t = + 0.035
3.0
32 ⋅ U − U > − 0.5
U >
EQUATION1438-SMALL V2 EN-US
SEMOD118114-4 v5
A070750 V2 EN-US
A070751 V2 EN-US
A070752 V2 EN-US
A070753 V2 EN-US
A070817 V2 EN-US
A070818 V2 EN-US
A070819 V2 EN-US
A070820 V2 EN-US
A070821 V2 EN-US
A070822 V2 EN-US
A070823 V2 EN-US
A070824 V2 EN-US
A070825 V2 EN-US
A070826 V2 EN-US
A070827 V2 EN-US
GUID-ACF4044C-052E-4CBD-8247-C6ABE3796FA6 V1 EN-US
GUID-F5E0E1C2-48C8-4DC7-A84B-174544C09142 V1 EN-US
GUID-A9898DB7-90A3-47F2-AEF9-45FF148CB679 V1 EN-US
GUID-35F40C3B-B483-40E6-9767-69C1536E3CBC V1 EN-US
GUID-B55D0F5F-9265-4D9A-A7C0-E274AA3A6BB1 V1 EN-US
AC Alternating current
ACC Actual channel
ACT Application configuration tool within PCM600
A/D converter Analog-to-digital converter
ADBS Amplitude deadband supervision
ADM Analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization
AI Analog input
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Access Point
AR Autoreclosing
ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer
ASD Adaptive signal detection
ASDU Application service data unit
AWG American Wire Gauge standard
BBP Busbar protection
BFOC/2,5 Bayonet fiber optic connector
BFP Breaker failure protection
BI Binary input
BIM Binary input module
BOM Binary output module
BOS Binary outputs status
BR External bistable relay
BS British Standards
BSR Binary signal transfer function, receiver blocks
BST Binary signal transfer function, transmit blocks
C37.94 IEEE/ANSI protocol used when sending binary signals between IEDs
CAM Central Account Management
CAN Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial
communication
CB Circuit breaker
CBM Combined backplane module
CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephony. A United
Nations-sponsored standards body within the International
Telecommunications Union.
CCM CAN carrier module
CCVT Capacitive Coupled Voltage Transformer
Class C Protection Current Transformer class as per IEEE/ ANSI
MVB Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed for
use in trains.
NCC National Control Centre
NOF Number of grid faults
NUM Numerical module
OCO cycle Open-close-open cycle
OCP Overcurrent protection
OLTC On-load tap changer
OTEV Disturbance data recording initiated by other event than start/pick-up
OV Overvoltage
Overreach A term used to describe how the relay behaves during a fault condition. For
example, a distance relay is overreaching when the impedance presented
to it is smaller than the apparent impedance to the fault applied to the
balance point, that is, the set reach. The relay “sees” the fault but perhaps it
should not have seen it.
PCI Peripheral component interconnect, a local data bus
PCM Pulse code modulation
PCM600 Protection and control IED manager
PC-MIP Mezzanine card standard
PELV circuit Protected Extra-Low Voltage circuit type according to IEC60255-27
PMC PCI Mezzanine card
POR Permissive overreach
POTT Permissive overreach transfer trip
Process bus Bus or LAN used at the process level, that is, in near proximity to the
measured and/or controlled components
PRP Parallel redundancy protocol
PSM Power supply module
PST Parameter setting tool within PCM600
PTP Precision time protocol
PT ratio Potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio
PUTT Permissive underreach transfer trip
RASC Synchrocheck relay, COMBIFLEX
RCA Relay characteristic angle
RISC Reduced instruction set computer
RMS value Root mean square value
RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in point-to-
point connections
RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485
RTC Real-time clock
RTU Remote terminal unit
SA Substation Automation
SBO Select-before-operate
SC Switch or push button to close
https://hitachiabb-powergrids.com/protection-control
1MRK 505 389-UEN