INDIRA GANDHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

MAMBARAM

ENGLISH PROJECT
THE KITE RUNNER
By KHALED HOSSEINI

Submitted by:
Name: Herschell Mahendra Thykkandy
Roll no.: 21
Date of submission:
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Cover Page 1
B. Table Of Contents 2
1. Introduction: 3-4
1.1 About the author 3
1.2 Historical background 4

2. Plot & Storyline: 5-7

2.1 Plot 5
2.2 Storyline 6-7

3. Characters
3.1 Ameer
3.2 Hassan
3.3 Baba
3.4 Sohrab
3.5 Soraya

4. Language, Theme
5. Importance
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography
1. Introduction:

1.1 About the author:

Khaled Hosseini is a renowned Afghan-American novelist and physician,
celebrated for his powerful storytelling and profound exploration of
human emotions and relationships. Born on March 4, 1965, in Kabul,
Afghanistan, his life journey has been a remarkable odyssey that has
deeply influenced his writing.

Hosseini's early years were marked by the political turmoil and instability
in Afghanistan. In 1976, his family sought refuge in the United States,
where they eventually settled in California. This transition from the
vibrant streets of Kabul to the American West Coast exposed him to a
world of diverse cultures and experiences, which would later become a
significant source of inspiration for his novels.

After completing his medical degree, Hosseini embarked on a successful

career as an internist, but his passion for storytelling and writing
remained an integral part of his life. In 2003, he published his debut
novel, "The Kite Runner," a literary masterpiece that catapulted him to
international acclaim. This poignant and evocative novel, set against the
backdrop of Afghanistan's tumultuous history, delves into themes of
friendship, redemption, and the enduring impact of past sins. It became a
bestseller and was adapted into a highly acclaimed film.

Hosseini continued to captivate readers with subsequent novels, including

"A Thousand Splendid Suns" (2007) and "And the Mountains Echoed"
(2013). These works further solidified his reputation as a master
storyteller, known for his ability to craft intricate narratives that resonate
with universal themes of love, sacrifice, and the human capacity for
resilience.

Beyond his novels, Khaled Hosseini has been an active advocate for
humanitarian causes, particularly those related to the plight of refugees
and the well-being of Afghan children. He serves as a Goodwill
Ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) and has used his platform to raise awareness about the ongoing
challenges faced by refugees worldwide.

Khaled Hosseini's writing has received numerous awards and accolades,

and his novels have been translated into over 40 languages, reaching
readers from diverse backgrounds. His ability to bridge cultures and shed
 light on the complexities of the human condition has made him a beloved
and influential figure in contemporary literature.

As an author, physician, and humanitarian, Khaled Hosseini's work

continues to inspire and connect people around the world, reminding us
of the enduring power of storytelling to foster empathy, understanding,
and hope in an ever-changing world.

1.2 Historical background:

"The Kite Runner" by Khaled Hosseini unfolds within the complex
historical landscape of Afghanistan. The story begins in the 1970s, a time
of relative stability before the Soviet invasion in 1979. Kabul, the capital,
was a vibrant city where kite fighting was a popular pastime. However,
the Soviet invasion marked the start of a brutal conflict, with Afghan
resistance fighters known as the mujahideen opposing the invaders.

After the Soviet withdrawal in 1989, Afghanistan descended into a brutal

civil war marked by chaos and violence. The rise of the Taliban in 1996
brought further suffering, with their extremist rule leading to cultural
repression and human rights abuses. The novel culminates with the events
of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent U.S.-led invasion, offering a
glimpse of hope for the country's future.
 Throughout the novel, these historical events serve as a backdrop to the
personal journeys of the characters, emphasizing how their lives are
intertwined with the fate of their nation. "The Kite Runner" delves into
themes of guilt, redemption, and the enduring impact of historical trauma,
providing a poignant exploration of Afghanistan's turbulent history and
its effect on individuals and their relationships.

2. Plot & Storyline:

2.1 Plot:
The novel is primarily set in Kabul, Afghanistan, and later in the United
States, spanning several decades. It is narrated by Amir, the son of a
wealthy Afghan businessman named Baba. Amir's closest friend and half-
brother, Hassan, is the son of Baba's loyal servant, Ali.

The story begins in the 1970s when Amir and Hassan, both avid kite
fighters, participate in the annual Kabul kite-fighting tournament. Amir's
greatest desire is to win his father's approval, and he sees the kite
tournament as a way to achieve this. During the tournament, a tragic
incident occurs that alters the course of their lives. Amir witnesses
Hassan being sexually assaulted by a neighbourhood bully named Assef
but chooses to do nothing to intervene, haunted by guilt and shame.

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 forces Amir and Baba to flee
to the United States, leaving their war-torn homeland behind. In America,
Amir builds a life for himself, pursues a career as a writer, and even
marries Soraya. However, he is haunted by the unresolved guilt from his
past and his strained relationship with his father.

The catalyst for Amir's journey of redemption comes when he receives a

call from an old family friend, Rahim Khan, who is still in Afghanistan.
Rahim Khan reveals that there is a chance for Amir to make amends for
his past by rescuing Hassan's son, Sohrab, who is now in danger in
Kabul. Amir returns to Afghanistan, risking his life to find and rescue
Sohrab from the clutches of the Taliban.
2.2 Storyline:

Part 1: Childhood in Kabul

The story begins in Kabul, Afghanistan, in the 1970s. Amir, the narrator,
recalls his childhood and his complex relationship with his father, Baba.
Amir and his loyal friend Hassan, who is also his half-brother, grow up
together in Baba's house. Despite their close friendship, Amir is plagued
by jealousy and guilt, feeling overshadowed by Hassan's courage and
loyalty.
The annual kite-fighting tournament becomes a symbol of Amir's quest
for his father's approval. In the tournament, Hassan helps Amir win, but a
traumatic incident occurs when Hassan is brutally assaulted by a bully
named Assef while retrieving the winning kite for Amir. Amir witnesses
the incident but does nothing to intervene, haunted by guilt.

Part 2: Escape to America

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 forces Amir and Baba to flee
to the United States. They leave behind their homeland and everything
they know.
In America, Amir and Baba start a new life, facing the challenges of
adapting to a foreign culture and struggling financially. Baba takes on
menial jobs to make ends meet.
Amir pursues his education and becomes a successful writer. He also
meets Soraya, an Afghan-American woman, whom he marries.

Part 3: Return to Afghanistan

 The catalyst for Amir's journey of redemption comes when he receives a
call from Rahim Khan, an old family friend who is still in Afghanistan.
Rahim Khan reveals that there is a way for Amir to make amends for his
past.
Amir returns to Afghanistan, now under the oppressive rule of the
Taliban, to rescue Hassan's son, Sohrab, who is in danger.
Amir discovers that Hassan was not only his friend but also his half-
brother, a revelation that adds layers to his guilt and sense of
responsibility.
Amir faces numerous challenges in his quest to find and rescue Sohrab,
including confrontations with Assef and navigating the dangerous streets
of Kabul.

Part 4: Redemption and Healing

Amir eventually succeeds in rescuing Sohrab but finds the boy deeply
traumatized and unresponsive due to the horrors he has endured.
Back in America, Amir and Soraya attempt to help Sohrab heal and
adjust to his new life. Amir's relationship with his wife deepens as they
both work to provide a safe and loving environment for Sohrab.
The novel concludes with Amir flying a kite with Sohrab, mirroring the
childhood memory of kite fighting with Hassan. This symbolic act
signifies Amir's redemption and reconciliation with his past.

3. Characters

3.1 Amir:
Amir is the central character and the narrator of "The Kite Runner" by
Khaled Hosseini. His character undergoes significant development
throughout the novel, making him a complex and multidimensional
figure. Here is a character sketch of Amir:

Background and Traits:

Privileged Background: Amir is born into privilege in Kabul,

Afghanistan. His father, Baba, is a wealthy businessman, and Amir grows
up in a spacious home with many advantages.
 Intelligence and Creativity: Amir is a gifted writer from a young age and
enjoys storytelling. His talent for writing becomes an important aspect of
his character, as it shapes his future as an author.
Inner Conflict: Amir's character is defined by inner conflict. He is torn
between his desire for his father's approval and the guilt he carries for
betraying his loyal friend and half-brother, Hassan.
Key Character Development:

Guilt and Betrayal: Amir's character arc is driven by guilt stemming from
a traumatic incident in his childhood. He witnesses Hassan being sexually
assaulted by a neighbourhood bully, Assef, during a kite-fighting
tournament. Amir's failure to intervene and his subsequent betrayal of
Hassan haunt him throughout his life.
Desire for Redemption: Amir's journey is marked by a desire for
redemption. He longs to make amends for his betrayal of Hassan and
seeks forgiveness and a sense of self-worth.
Personal Growth: As the story progresses, Amir matures and evolves as a
character. He moves from being a passive observer to taking active steps
to right his past wrongs. His determination to rescue Sohrab, Hassan's
son, from danger in Afghanistan is a testament to his growth and
transformation.

3.2 Hassan:
Background and Traits:
Loyalty and Devotion: Hassan is known for his unwavering loyalty and
devotion to his closest friend, Amir. He is not only Amir's friend but also
his half-brother, sharing the same father as Amir, which is a central
revelation in the novel.
Hazara Ethnicity: Hassan is a Hazara, an ethnic minority in Afghanistan.
This background exposes him to discrimination and prejudice in Afghan
society, but he remains dignified and resilient despite the challenges he
faces.
Physical Strength and Courage: Hassan possesses physical strength and
bravery, which are showcased in his ability to retrieve kites during kite-
fighting tournaments, a skill that earns Amir's admiration.
Key Character Development:

Victim of Betrayal: One of the most significant events in Hassan's life is

the traumatic betrayal he experiences when he is sexually assaulted by a
neighbourhood bully, Assef, while trying to retrieve a kite for Amir. This
event shapes Hassan's character and deeply impacts his relationship with
Amir.
Silent Suffering: Despite the injustice and pain he endures, Hassan bears
his suffering silently. He does not seek revenge or retribution against
those who wronged him.
Unconditional Love: Hassan's love for Amir is unconditional and selfless.
He forgives Amir for betraying him and remains devoted to him
throughout their lives.
Role in the Story:

Symbol of Innocence: Hassan represents innocence and purity in the

novel. His character stands in stark contrast to the moral complexities and
flaws of other characters.
Catalyst for Amir's Redemption: Hassan's enduring loyalty and the guilt
Amir feels for betraying him serve as a catalyst for Amir's journey of
redemption. Amir's quest to rescue Hassan's son, Sohrab, becomes a
means of atonement.
Hassan's character is a symbol of resilience, forgiveness, and selflessness
in "The Kite Runner." His unwavering loyalty and his ability to rise
above adversity make him a deeply empathetic and memorable character
in the novel.
3.3 Baba:
Wealth and Privilege: Baba is a wealthy and influential businessman in
Kabul, Afghanistan. His success in business provides a life of privilege
and comfort for himself and his son, Amir.
Traditional Values: Baba is characterized by his adherence to traditional
Afghan values of honour, pride, and masculinity. He is known for his
strong moral code and principles, which he instils in Amir.
Strong and Resilient: Baba is physically strong and exhibits resilience in
the face of adversity. He displays courage and determination in both his
personal and public life.
Key Character Development:

Father-Son Relationship: Baba's relationship with Amir is central to the

novel. Despite his love for Amir, their bond is strained due to Amir's
perceived weaknesses and Baba's high expectations. Baba's
disappointment in Amir shapes much of Amir's character development.
Secrets and Regrets: Baba harbours a significant secret throughout the
story that has far-reaching consequences. His past actions and regrets
weigh heavily on him and contribute to the complexity of his character.
Acts of Generosity: Despite his tough exterior, Baba displays acts of
generosity and compassion, particularly towards Hassan, whom he treats
as a son.
Role in the Story:

Moral Compass: Baba serves as a moral compass in the story, imparting

valuable life lessons and guidance to Amir. His character represents the
traditional values and honour deeply rooted in Afghan culture.
 Catalyst for Amir's Redemption: Baba's expectations and disappointments
play a crucial role in Amir's desire for redemption. Amir's quest to earn
Baba's approval drives much of the narrative.
Symbol of the Old Afghanistan: Baba's character also symbolizes the pre-
war, pre-Soviet, and pre-Taliban era of Afghanistan when traditional
values held strong.
Baba's character in "The Kite Runner" is emblematic of the complexities
and contradictions of Afghan society during changing times. His strong
principles, past actions, and their impact on his relationships with Amir
and Hassan make him a central figure in the novel.

3.4 Other notable characters:

Soraya: Soraya is Amir's wife, a strong-willed and compassionate

woman. She supports Amir on his journey of redemption and stands by
his side through the challenges they face together. Soraya also carries her
own burden of past mistakes, making her a character who understands the
power of forgiveness.
 Sohrab: Sohrab is Hassan's son and a tragic character in the story. He is
initially a quiet and withdrawn boy who has endured immense suffering
as an orphan in Afghanistan under Taliban rule. His resilience and the
trauma he has experienced make him hesitant to trust and connect with
others. Sohrab plays a crucial role in Amir's quest for redemption, and
their relationship becomes a focal point of the latter part of the novel.

4. Language & Theme:

4.1 Language:

Dual Narratives: The novel is narrated by Amir, and the language alternates
between the past and present, allowing readers to gain insights into Amir's
evolving thoughts and emotions. This narrative structure is used effectively
to build suspense and engage the reader in Amir's journey.

Symbolism: Hosseini employs symbolism, particularly the imagery of kites,

to convey various themes in the story. Kite flying and kite fighting are
symbolic of the characters' hopes, dreams, and the complexities of their
relationships.

Afghan Culture and Dialect: The author infuses the narrative with elements
of Afghan culture, including language and traditions. He incorporates Dari
phrases and expressions, which add authenticity to the story and help
immerse readers in the Afghan setting.

4.2 Themes:
 Guilt and Redemption: The overarching theme of guilt and redemption is
central to the novel. Amir's deep-seated guilt for betraying Hassan drives his
quest for redemption. He seeks to make amends for his past mistakes and
find forgiveness, both from others and within himself.

Friendship and Loyalty: The novel explores the complexities of friendship

and loyalty. Amir and Hassan's bond is characterized by deep loyalty and
unwavering devotion, even in the face of betrayal. Their friendship is tested
and ultimately becomes a source of redemption for Amir.

Father-Son Relationships: The novel delves into the complex relationships

between fathers and sons. Amir's relationship with his father, Baba, is
marked by high expectations, disappointment, and a desire for approval. This
theme explores how familial bonds shape individuals and influence their
actions.

Social and Cultural Changes: "The Kite Runner" provides a window into the
impact of historical and political events on the lives of ordinary people in
Afghanistan. The Soviet invasion, civil war, and the rise of the Taliban serve
as the backdrop to the characters' experiences, highlighting the profound
effects of these changes on Afghan society.

Forgiveness and Healing: Forgiveness and healing are integral themes in the
novel. Characters grapple with the idea of forgiveness, whether it's Amir
seeking forgiveness for his betrayal or the broader concept of Afghanistan as
a nation needing healing after years of conflict.

The Search for Identity: Amir's journey also involves a search for identity.
He grapples with questions of identity, self-worth, and self-acceptance,
especially as an Afghan-American navigating his place in two different
worlds.

5. Importance:

Exploration of Guilt and Redemption: The novel delves deeply into the
themes of guilt and redemption. Amir's journey to seek forgiveness for his
past betrayals resonates with readers who may have experienced their own
feelings of regret and the desire for redemption. It highlights the universal
 human experience of grappling with mistakes and the possibility of making
amends.

Complexity of Human Relationships: "The Kite Runner" explores the

multifaceted nature of human relationships, particularly those between
friends, family members, and fathers and sons. The intricate dynamics of
loyalty, betrayal, love, and forgiveness are portrayed in a way that prompts
readers to reflect on their own connections with others.

Cultural Insight: The novel offers valuable insights into Afghan culture,
history, and traditions. It allows readers to gain a deeper understanding of
Afghanistan's rich cultural heritage and how it has been influenced by
political and social upheavals.

Impact of Historical Events: The story provides a poignant depiction of the

impact of historical events, such as the Soviet invasion, civil war, and the
rise of the Taliban, on the lives of ordinary Afghan people. It sheds light on
the human cost of conflict and the resilience of individuals in the face of
adversity.

Themes of Forgiveness and Healing: "The Kite Runner" underscores the

themes of forgiveness and healing, emphasizing the potential for individuals
and societies to move forward and find redemption even after experiencing
trauma and conflict. It carries a message of hope and reconciliation.

Immigrant Experience: Through the character of Amir, the novel explores

the immigrant experience, particularly that of Afghan-Americans. It touches
on the challenges of adapting to a new culture while preserving one's
heritage and grappling with the sense of displacement and identity.

Empathy and Understanding: The story encourages readers to develop

empathy and understanding for characters who have faced difficult
circumstances and made difficult choices. It reminds us of the complexities
of human nature and the importance of looking beyond surface judgments.

6. Conclusion:
"The Kite Runner" is a literary gem that continues to captivate and move
readers around the world. Its exploration of human nature, the complexities
of relationships, and the enduring quest for redemption make it a timeless
and significant work of fiction. Moreover, the novel's cultural and historical
insights contribute to a broader understanding of Afghanistan and its people.

Khaled Hosseini's storytelling prowess, combined with his ability to evoke

empathy and provoke deep introspection, underscores the enduring
importance of "The Kite Runner." It stands as a testament to the power of
literature to bridge cultural divides, inspire reflection, and remind us of the
universality of human experiences and emotions.