Alyanna Kristel S.
Socorin • compositions called
G8- Mendel
Quarter 3- Music
Outline
SOUTH, CENTRAL, AND WEST ASIAN
MUSIC
Vocal Music in India
India's vocal music uses melismatic
singing with nasal vocal quality, unlike
Philippine music which only uses it in
epics.
The Samagana style of singing
developed into a strong and diverse
tradition over centuries. The hymns in
Sama Veda, a sacred text, were sung as
Samagana and not chanted.Sama Veda
is the third of the four Vedas of Hinduism,
but ranks next to Rig Veda in terms of its
sanctity and liturgical importance. Rig
Veda is also sung in the Samagana
traditional singing style, and some of its
verses are still recited as Hindu prayers
at religious functions.
India’s classical music tradition
Carnatic Music
• refers to music from South India
• directed to a Hindu god, which is
why it is called "temple music"
• unlike Hindustani music, Carnatic
music is unified where schools are
based on the same ragas, same
solo instruments and the same
rhythm instrument.
• music pieces are mainly set for
the voice and with lyrics
krti are
devotional songs
Hindustani Music
• influenced by ancient Hindu
musical traditions, historical Vedic
religion/Vedic philosophy, native
indian sounds and enriched by the
Persian performance practices of
the Mughal era
• Nasal singing is observed in their
vocal music
• in North India, the most common
style of singing is called khyal, a
word which means “imagination”.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC IN INDIA
India has a wide variety of musical
instruments. While many other
instruments are utilized in South Indian
music, some are employed particularly in
North Indian music (Hindustani Sangeet)
(Carnatic Sangeet).
Instrumental music is often similar to
vocal music but sometimes they have
distinctive instrumental styles.
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS FROM INDIA
1. Ghan
- Described as a non-membranous
percussive instrument but with solid
resonators. It is one of the oldest class of
instrument in India.
-Ghatam
-Kartal
-Manjira That it found a place in classical Indian musi
c.
-Nout
- Banam
2. Avanaddh
-Esraj
- described as a membranous percussive
- Chikara
instrument. This class of instruments
typically comprise the drums. - Sarangi

- Daf
- Dhol PAKISTAN MUSIC

- Tabla Pakistan is known for its unique

vocals. The distinctive Pakistani sound
3. Sushir was formed with multiple influences not
- also known as blown air. It is only from various parts of South Asia but
characterized by the use of air to excite also includes diverse elements from
the various resonators. Central Asia, Persia, Turkey and the
Arab world.
- Shankh
VOCAL MUSIC OF PAKISTAN
- Bansuri
Pakistan is known for its two vocal styles in
- Shehnai singing:

- Shruti box/ surpeti 1. Ghazal

4. Tat • Traditional expressions of love,

separation and loneliness; it tells
- referred to as vina during the old about both the pain of loss of the
civilization. This class of instruments are lover and the beauty of love in spite
plucked (stringed instruments). of that pain.
- Sitar • Its structural requirements are stricter
than those of most poetic forms
-Gutovadyam
traditionally written in English.
- Gopichand
• Is considered by many to be one of
- Ektar the principal poetic forms. The
Persian civilization. Can be sung by
- Rabab both for men and women.
5. Vitat
- Described as bowed stringed instruments
and despite being one of the oldest
categories 2. Qawwali
Of instruments, it wasn't until recent decades • the devotional music of the Chishti
Order
 • a vibrant musical tradition that
stretches back more than 700 years
• Originally performed mainly at Sufi
shrines throughout the subcontinent
and gained mainstream popularity.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF PAKISTAN
Punjabi music strengthens the
importance of musical instruments in
Pakistan.
Punjab is a region in South Asia
which is divided into West Punjab,
Pakistan and East Punjab, India.
Bhangra, one of the most recognized
forms of Punjab, is based on the drum
rhythm of dhol.
SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF
PAKISTAN
1. Tabla
- a membranophone percussion
instrument originating from the Indian
subcontinent, consisting of a pair of
drums, used in traditional, classical,
popular and folk music. Each is made of
hollowed out wood or clay or brass, the
daya drum laced with hoops, thongs and
wooden dowels on its sides.
2. Dholak
- mainly a folk instrument, lacking the
exact tuning and playing techniques of
the tabla. The drum is pitched,
depending on size. It is related to the
larger dhol and the smaller dholki.
3. Rubab
- It derives its name from Arabic rebab
played with a bow'; in Central Asia,
however, the instrument is plucked and is
distinctly different in construction.
4. Harmonium
- also called a "melodeon", "reed organ"
or "pump organ", it is a keyboard
instrument that is a lot like an organ. It
makes sound by blowing air through
reeds, which are tuned to different
pitches to make musical notes.
MUSIC OF WEST ASIA ISRAEL
In general, music of West Asia is
modal. Harmony is not emphasized but
rather includes salient features such as
melodic complexity and ornamentation,
including ¼ tones and rigorous rhythmic
development.
West Asian music is
commonly used during;
 Communal worship
 Mystic Ritual
 Life passage events
 Entertainments
VOCAL MUSIC
OF ISRAEL AND ARABIA
Israeli Music-
Israeli singers have distinctive vocal
style. They sing with guttural and throaty
enunciation.
TWO DIVISIONS OF JEWISH MUSIC
1. Devotional
• almost entirely vocal
 • featured during Sabbath and other
holy days
• the art of Hazan (leader of prayer
in synagogue) has always been
evident in the culture
• shofar is a special call to prayer
and repentance; it is sounded on
the High Holidays (the Jewish
New Year and Day of
Atonement) .
2. Secular
• instruments and voice are used
• played during life passage events
• context lies outside the religious
domain
• very rhythmic and have popular
and romantic texts.
ARABIC MUSIC
Arabic Maqam is distinctively unique to
Arabian music because of its technique
of improvisation. It is the system of
melodic modes used in traditional Arab
music.
Arabian rhythmic pattern or cycle is
analyzed by means of rhythmic units.
ARABIAN RHYTMIC PATTERN
1. Wazn
- Literally means “measure”, performed
on the goblet drum, frame drum and
kettle drum. Only used in musical genres
wih a sixed ryhmic-temporal organization
including recurring measures, motifs ans
pulse.
2. Iqa
• the rhythmic pattern in Arabian
music
• Are used in the muwashahat
where every syllable of the lyric
must fall on a beat.
• Many Iqa have fallen out of
fashion and are rarely used in
performances.
SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF
ISRAEL
1. Jewish Lyre
- The musical instrument of king David.
According to the Roman Jewish historian
Josephus (1st century ad), it resembled the
Greek kiihara of, and kinnor was translated
as "kifhara" in both the Greek Old Testament
and fhe Latin Bible.
2. Psalterion Harp
- Psaltery, (from Greek psatërion: "harp"),
musical instrument having plucked strings of
gut, horsehair, or metal stretched across a
flat soundboard, often trapezoidal but also
rectangular, triangular, or wing-shaped. The
strings are open, none being stopped to
produce sound.
3. Shofar
- A shofar is an ancient musical horn typically
made of a ram's horn, used for Jewish
religious purposes. Like the modern bugle,
the shofar lacks pitch-altering devices, with
all pitch control done by varying the player's
embouchure.
4. Goblet
- an hourglass shaped drum popular
throughout the Middle East. The drum head
or skin is stretched tight with rope or leather
thongs or even nails.
5. Toft
- The term Bendir means in Turkish
language a big hand frame drum, which is
known as Duff in Arabic language.

6. Oud
- A short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped
stringed instrument (a chordophone) usually
with 11 strings grouped in 6 courses with 10
or 13 strings respectively.
7. Darbuka
- A darbuka drum is smaller than
a doumbek (9 -16 inches tall). Goblet-shaped
and is almost always made from metals like
copper or aluminum. However, darbuka
drums have a drum head that is easier to
access than a doumbek.

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