South, Central,

and West Asian

Music
Presented by: Alyanna Kristel S. Socorin
VOCAL MUSIC
IN INDIA
India's vocal music uses melismatic singing with nasal
vocal quality, unlike Philippine music which only uses it
in epics.

The Samagana style of singing developed into a strong

and diverse tradition over centuries. The hymns in Sama
Veda, a sacred text, were sung as Samagana and not
chanted.Sama Veda is the third of the four Vedas of
Hinduism, but ranks next to Rig Veda in terms of its
sanctity and liturgical importance. Rig Veda is also sung
in the Samagana traditional singing style, and some of its
verses are still recited as Hindu prayers at religious
functions.
 India’s classical music tradition
Camatic music Hindustani music
• refers to music from South India
• influenced by ancient Hindu
• directed to a Hindu god, which is
musical traditions, historical Vedic
why it is called "temple music"
religion/Vedic philosophy, native
• unlike Hindustani music,
indian sounds and enriched by
Camatic music is unified where
the Persian performance
schools are based on the same
practices of the Mughal era
ragas, same solo instruments
• Nasal singing is observed in their
and the same rhythm
vocal music
instrument.
• in North India, the most common
• music pieces are mainly set for
style of singing is called khyal, a
the voice and with lyrics
word which means “imagination”
• compositions called krti are
devotional songs
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC
IN INDIA
 India has a wide variety of musical
instruments. While many other
instruments are utilized in South Indian
music, some are employed particularly
in North Indian music (Hindustani
Sangeet) (Carnatic Sangeet).

Instrumental music is often similar to

vocal music but sometimes they have
distinctive instrumental styles.
Classification of Musical Instruments from India

01 GHAN 04 TAT

02 AVANADDH 05 VITAT

03 SUSHIR 06
 01
GHAN
Described as a non-membranous percussive
EQUAL
instrument but with solid resonators. It is one
of the oldest class of instrument in India.
ECONOM
IC
Ghan

large, narrow-mouthed
earthenware water pot used as
a percussion instrument in
India.

GHATAM
Ghan

Khartal is an ancient instrument

mainly used in devotional/folk
songs. It has derived its name from
Sanskrit words 'kara‘ meaning
hand and tala' meaning clapping.

KHARTAL or KARTAL
Ghan

a pair of clash cymbals, originating in

the Indian subcontinent, which make
high pitched percussion sounds. In its
simplest form, it consists of a pair of
small hand cymbals.

MANJIRA
Ghan

a small pot used in Kashmir as a

percussion instrument. It may be
thought of as a north Indian
ghatam.

NOUT
 02
AVANADDH
described as a membranous percussive
EQUAL
instrument. This class of instruments typically
comprise the drums.
ECONOM
IC
Avanaddh
a large Kurdish and Persian frame
drum used in popular and classical
music. Moreover, is it also used in
religious ceremonies among Kurds.
The Daf is also considered as the
national musical instrument of
Pakistan.

DAF
Avanaddh

Dhol is depicted in earliest

ancient indian sculptural arts as one
of the chief percussion instruments
for ancient Indian music along with
tabla. Ain-i-Akbari.

DHOL
Avanaddh
a membranophone percussion instrument
originating from the Indian subcontinent,
consisting of a pair of drums, used in
traditional, classical, popular and folk
music. Each is made of hollowed out wood
or clay or brass, the daya drum laced with
hoops, thongs and wooden dowels on its
TABLA sides.
 03
SUSHIR
also known as blown air. It is characterized by
the use of air to excite the various resonators
Sushir
It is the shell of a large predatory sea
snail, Turbinella pyrum, found in the
Indian Ocean.. In Hindu mythology, the
shankha is a sacred emblem of the Hindu
preserver god Vishnu. It is still used as a
trumpet in Hindu ritual, and in the past
Shankh was used as a war trumpet.
Sushir
a side blown flute originating from
the lndian subcontinent. t is an
aerophone produced from
bamboo, used in Hindustani
classical music. It is a woodwind
instrument.

BANSURI
Sushir
double-reed conical oboe of North india.
The shehnai is made of wood, except for a
flaring metal bell attached to the bottom of
the instrument with six to eight keyless
finger holes along its body.

SHEHNAI
Sushir
an instrument, originating from the
Indian subcontinent, that
traditionally works on a system of
bellows. It is similar to a
harmonium and is used to provide a
drone in a practice session or
concert of Indian classical music.
SHRUTI BOX
 04
TAT
referred to as vina during the old civilization.
This class of instruments are plucked (stringed
instruments)
Tat

a plucked stringed instrument originating

from the Indian subcontinent, used in
Hindustani classical music.

SITAR
Tat
also known as veena. Comprises a
family of chordophone instruments
from the Indian subcontinent.

GUTOVADYAM
Tat
a very simple folk instrument manly
played by Baul singers in Bengal. The
single string is plucked openly with one
finger or a plectrum. The pitch can be
lowered considerably by pressing both
halves of the forked bamboo neck
together, thus reducing the tension of the
EKTAR or GOPI YANTRA
sting.
Tat
a one-string instrument. In origin the
gopichand and ektara is a regular string
instrument of wandering bands and
minstrels from india and is plucked with
one finger. The gopichand usually has a
stretched single string, an animal skin
over a head and pole neck or split
GOPICHAND bamboo cane neck.
Tat
was introduced to the indian classical
music scene around the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries. It rose to the zenith of
fame in the sixteenth century and
remained there as the most popular string
instrument along with the rudra veena till
RABAB the eighteenth century.
 04
VITAT
Described as bowed stringed instruments and
despite being one of the oldest categories of in
struments, it wasn't until recent decades that it 
found a place in classical Indian music.
Vitat

a class of folk fiddles found

among the Santal people of
North East India and
Bangladesh.

BANAM
Vitat
an Indian stringed instrument found in
two forms throughout
the Indian subcontinent. It is a relatively
recent instrument, being only about 300
years old. It is found in North India,
primarily Punjab, where it is used in
Sikh music
ESRAJ
Vitat
a simple spike fiddle played by sliding
fingernails on the strings rather than
pressing them to touch the fingerboard.
It has 3 strings, two horse hair and one
Steel.

CHIKARA
Vitat
a bowed stringed instrument with a skin-
covered resonator. The Typical sarangi is
made by hand, usually from a single block
of wood. The four playing strings on this
instrument are made of goat gut, and the
seventeen sympathetic strings are made of
steel.
SARANGI
 PAKISTAN
MUSIC
Here is where your presentation begins
PAKISTAN
Pakistan is known for its unique
vocals. The distinctive Pakistani sound
was formed with multiple influences
not only from various parts of South
Asia but also includes diverse elements
from Central Asia, Persia, Turkey and
the Arab world.
VOCAL MUSIC OF PAKISTAN
Pakistan is known for its two vocal
styles in singing:

01 GHAZAL

02 QAWWALI
 01
GHAZAL
• traditional expressions of love, separation and
loneliness; it tells about
both the pain of loss of the lover and the beauty of
EQUAL
love in spite of that pain.
• its structural requirements are more strict than those

ECONOM
of most poetic forms traditionally written in English.
• is considered by many to be one of the principal
poetic forms . the Persian civilization. Can be sung

IC
by both for men and women.
 02
QAWWALI
• the devotional music of the Chishti Order
• a vibrant musical tradition that stretches back more
than 700 years
• originally performed mainly at Sufi shrines
throughout the subcontinent and gained mainstream
popularity.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
OF PAKISTAN
Punjabi music strengthens the
importance of musical instruments
in Pakistan.

Punjab is a region in South Asia

which is divided into West
Punjab, Pakistan and East Punjab,
India. Bhangra, one of the most
recognized forms of Punjab, is
based on the drum rhythm of
dhol.
SIGNIFICANT
INSTRUMENTS
OF PAKISTAN
 a membranophone percussion instrument
originating from the Indian subcontinent,
consisting of a pair of drums, used in
traditional, classical, popular and folk
music. Each is made of hollowed out wood
or clay or brass, the daya drum laced with
hoops, thongs and wooden dowels on its
TABLA
sides.
 mainly a folk instrument, lacking the exact
tuning and playing techniques of the tabla.
The drum is pitched, depending on size. It is
related to the larger dhol and the smaller
dholki.

DHOLAK
 It derives its name from Arabic rebab played
with a bow'; in Central Asia, however, the
instrument is plucked and
is distinctly different in construction.

RUBAB
 also called a "melodeon", "reed organ" or
"pump organ", it is a keyboard instrument that
is a lot like an organ. It makes sound by
blowing air through reeds, which are tuned to
different pitches to make musical notes.

HARMONIUM
 MUSIC OF
WEST ASIA
ISRAEL
begins
In general, music of West Asia is modal.
Harmony is not emphasized but rather
includes salient features such as melodic
complexity and ornamentation, including ¼
tones and rigorous rhythmic development.
 West Asian music is
commonly used during;
01 Communal worship
04
02 Mystic ritual

03 Life passage events

04 Entertainment 06
 VOCAL MUSIC
OF ISRAEL AND
ARABIA
Israeli Music
Israeli singers have
distinctive vocal style.
They sing with guttural
and throaty enunciation.
 TWO DIVISIONS OF
JEWISH MUSIC
DEVOTIONAL
• almost entirely vocal
• featured during Sabbath and
other holy days
• the art of Hazan (leader of
prayer in synagogue) has
always been evident in the
culture
• shofar is a special call to
prayer and repentance; it is
sounded on the High
Holidays (the Jewish New
Year and Day of Atonement)
SECULAR
• instruments and voice are
used
• played during life passage
events
• context lies outside the
religious domain
• very rhythmic and have
popular and romantic
texts
ARABIC MUSIC
Arabic Maqam is distinctively
unique to Arabian music because of
its technique of improvisation. It is
the system of melodic modes used in
traditional Arab music.

Arabian rhythmic pattern or cycle is

analyzed by means of rhythmic
units.
 Arabian rhythmic pattern

01 Wazn 02 Iqa
04
Literally means “measure”, • the rhythmic pattern in
performed on the goblet drum, Arabian music
frame drum and kettle drum. • are used in the muwashahat
02
Only used in musical genres wih 05
where every syllable of the
a sixed ryhmic-temporal lyric must fall on a beat.
organization including recurring • many Iqa have fallen out of
measures, motifs ans pulse. fashion and are rarely used in
03 06
performances.
 SIGNIFICANT
INSTRUMENTS
OF ISRAEL
SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ISRAEL

The musical instrument of king David.

According to the Roman Jewish historian
Josephus (1st century ad), it resembled the
Greek kiihara of, and kinnor was translated as
"kifhara" in both the Greek Old Testament and
fhe Latin Bible.

Jewish Lyre
SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ISRAEL

Psaltery, (from Greek psatërion: "harp"), musical

instrument having plucked strings of gut,
horsehair, or metal stretched across a flat
soundboard, often trapezoidal but also
rectangular, triangular, or wing-shaped. The
strings are open, none being stopped to produce
sound.
Psalterion Harp
SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ISRAEL

A shofar is an ancient musical horn typically

made of a ram's horn, used for Jewish religious
purposes. Like the modern bugle, the shofar
lacks pitch-altering devices, with all pitch
control done by varying the player's
embouchure.
Shofar
OTHER SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ARAB
COUNTRIES
an hourglass shaped drum popular throughout
the Middle East. The drum head or skin is
stretched tight with rope or leather thongs or
even nails.

Goblet
OTHER SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ARAB
COUNTRIES
The term Bendir means in Turkish
language a big hand frame drum, which
is known as Duff in Arabic language.

Toft (Bendir)
OTHER SIGNIFICANT MIDDLE EASTERN
INSTRUMENTS

A short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped stringed

instrument (a chordophone) usually with 11
strings grouped in 6 courses with 10 or 13
strings
respectively.

Oud
OTHER SIGNIFICANT MIDDLE EASTERN
INSTRUMENTS
,
A darbuka drum is smaller than
a doumbek (9-16 inches tall). Goblet-
shaped and is
almost always made from metals like
copper or aluminum.
However, darbuka drums have a
drum head that is easier to access
Darbuka than a doumbek.
THANK
YOU
HOPE YOU LEARNED SOMETHING