INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL

OPERATING SYSTEMS (CS223)

BS COMPUTER SCIENCE

Lab Instructor: Dr.Tahir Saleem

Asst.Prof, Department of Computing

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

HAMDARD UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD CAMPUS

 OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB (CS-223)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Sr.No. Name of Experiment

1 Installation of Windows 8.
2 Installation of Linux Operating System.
3 Execution of basic CLI commands.
4 Execution of basic CLI commands.
5 Execution of basic CLI commands.
6 Implementation of Process Management.
7 Implementation of Directory Management.
8 Implementation of I/O system calls.
9 Implementation of ls, grep.
10 Implementation of FCFS Scheduling algorithm.
11 Implementation of SJF Scheduling algorithm.
12 Implementation of RR Scheduling algorithm.
13 Implementation of Priority Scheduling algorithm.
14 Implement first fit algorithm for memory management

Lab Instructor Signature: Course Instructor Signature:

Lab 3: The Command Line

Objectives:
 customize the command line
 use DOS commands to view and navigate directories

Background: All computer and network technicians should know some of the basic
commands and functions available from the command line in Windows. Microsoft’s Disk
Operating System (DOS), also called MS-DOS, is a collection of programs and
commands used to control the overall computer operation in a disk-based system. All
modern Windows versions support DOS commands from the command line. DOS allows
you to even edit the command line and change the way it behaves.

Task 1: The Command Line

Open a command line from Windows:
 select Start/Run and type: command

1. What directory are you in? ________________

2. What does the prompt look like? ___________

Task: The Prompt: The DOS prompt is what you see when you first open a command
line window. The default prompt is C:\, or your current patch. The prompt can be
changed, using the prompt command. The prompt command uses the syntax prompt
text, where text can be anything you want. There are also several preconfigured prompt
parameters you can use. Try changing the prompt using the following commands:
Command What is displayed at the prompt?
 prompt $q ____________
 prompt $$ ____________
 prompt $t ____________
 prompt $d ____________
 prompt $p ____________
 prompt $v ____________
 prompt <Your Name>’s PC $d $p ____________
 Change your prompt back to the default to finish the lab: prompt $p$g

Task: Editing the Command Line

Dos lets you edit the command line, and even recall previous commands to make
changes if needed. In order to use command line editing, you use a TSR called doskey,
which must be initialized. A TSR (terminate-and-stay-resident) program that loads itself
into memory and stays there until you restart your computer.
  type: doskey (doskey is now loaded and you can use it to recall
commands)
Now we will enter some commands into the history list, so we can try it out
 type: cd\
 type: cd windows
 type: cd command
Now try some of the command history features:
 press the up arrow scroll back up through your list of commands
 press the down arrow to scroll back down through the list
 press Esc to clear the current command
 press F7 to list the commands you have typed
 press F9 and then enter the number of the command you want to use
Try some of the editing keys to edit commands:
 home: moves to the beginning of the line
 right and left arrow: moves forward and back 1 character at a time
 end: moves to the end of the line
 ctrl + right or left arrow: moves forward or back a word
 Ins: lets you add characters

Task 2: Displaying Directory Contents: Dir

DIR command will list directories and various files. Directories are specified with the
<DIR> notation that precedes the file/directory. The DIR command also displays the
volume name, free space, and total files and directories present.

Task: show a list of the directories located on this drive.

 type: cd\ change to the root directory
 type: cd windows change to the windows directory
 type dir
What happened?_______________________________________
 type: dir /p Press enter to continue the list

How many directories do you have in the windows folder?

_____________________________

What does the /p switch do? _______________

Task: get help on the dir command:

 type: cd\ change to the root directory
 type: dir /?

What does the /w switch do? _______________

What does the /s switch do? _________________
Task: find a file using dir/s
 : type: dir /s format.com
Where is the file located? __________________

You can also use a wildcard to search for files. The * is a wildcard which can be used in
place of all or part of a filename, to use a command on many files at once. The *
wildcard replaces any number of letters before or after the dot in a filename.

Task: search for the readme files on your drive

 type: dir /s/p readme.*
How many files did it find? ________________
Lab 4: The Command Line

Objectives:
 use DOS commands to create and delete directories

Background: All computer and network technicians should know some of the basic
commands and functions available from the command line in Windows. Microsoft’s Disk
Operating System (DOS), also called MS-DOS, is a collection of programs and
commands used to control the overall computer operation in a disk-based system. All
modern Windows versions support DOS commands from the command line. DOS allows
you to even edit the command line and change the way it behaves.

Task 1: Create a directory

To create directories in DOS, use the md directory_name or mkdir directory_name
command.

Task: create an IT directory in the C drive

 type: cd\ change to the root directory
 type: md it

Task: verify the creation of the directory

 type: dir
Is the it directory in the list? _______________________________

Task 2: Changing Directories

To change directories use the cd directory_name command. To move up one level in
the directory structure, use the command cd…

Task: change to the it directory

 type: cd it

The command prompt should now be C:\it >.

Task 3: Create another directory

Task: create another directory called “pcs”, inside the IT directory

 type: md pcs

Task: verify the creation of the directory

 type: dir
Is the pcs directory in the list? _______________________________
Task: Change to the newly created “pcs” directory.
 type: cd pcs

The command prompt should now be c:\IT\pcs>

Task 4: Deleting Directories

To delete a directory, you have to use the rd (remove directory command) and you must
make sure that you are not currently inside the directory that you want to remove. If the
directory has files inside of it, you must also delete those first. To back out of a directory,
use the cd.. command to back up one level.

Task: Back out of the pcs directory

 type: cd ..
The command prompt should now show c:\IT

Task: Delete the pcs directory

 type: rd pcs
Did the folder delete?
If it does not delete, go on to the next step

Task: Delete all the files in the it directory

 Make sure you are currently inside the itdirectory before you continue – your
prompt should look like this: c:\it
 type: del *.*

Task: Back out of the IT directory and then remove it

 type: cd ..
The command prompt should now show c:\

Task: Delete the it directory

 type: rd it
Did the folder delete?
If it does not delete, go on to the next step

If your directories would not delete try this command:

 type cd\ to change to the c:\ drive
 type: deltree it
 type Y to confirm the removal of the it directory and all its subdirectories
Task: verify directory removal
 type: dir /a
Is the directory gone? _________
Lab 5: The Command Line

Objectives:
 use DOS commands to copy, move, rename, delete files and change attributes

Background: All computer and network technicians should know some of the basic
commands and functions available from the command line in Windows. Microsoft’s Disk
Operating System (DOS), also called MS-DOS, is a collection of programs and
commands used to control the overall computer operation in a disk-based system. All
modern Windows versions support DOS commands from the command line. DOS allows
you to even edit the command line and change the way it behaves.
Task 1: Create files
To create a file in DOS, use the copy con filename command. This command will copy
the text from the console and make it into a new directory. After you type this command
you will have a blank line on the command prompt. You can then type in text that will be
saved in the newly created file. When you are finished typing in your message, hold
down the Control Key (<Ctrl>) press the Z key and then press the Enter key. This key
combination will end the message and DOS will display “1 file(s) copied”.

Task: Create new files from the console

 Type: copy con sample1.txt
 type in a few words
 Press Ctrl + Z, then enter

 Type: copy con sample2.txt

 type in a few words
 Press Ctrl + Z, then enter

 Type: copy con sample3.txt

 type in a few words
 Press Ctrl + Z, then enter

Task 2: Verify creation of the files

Task: Display the contents of the “pcs” directory with the DIR command.
 type: dir
Are the 3 sample files there (sample1, sample2, sample3)? ________________________

Task 3: File Attributes

Files can have 4 different attributes, which determine their behaviour. In order to display
the attribute(s) of a file, use the command attrib filename.

R – Read Only file attribute – means a file can’t be changed

A – Archive file attribute – used for backup purposes
S – System file attribute – marks it as an important system file
H – Hidden file attribute – hides the file from normal display

Task: Display the file attributes of the sample files

 type: attrib
What attributes do the files have? ________________________

Task 4: Changing File Attributes

To change, or remove an attribute use the attrib [-/+] attribute_value filename
command.

The minus (-) option will remove an attribute value from a file and the plus (+) option
will add an attribute value to a file. As discussed early, valid attribute values are R (read-
only), A (archive), S (system), H (hidden).

Task: Add the Read-Only attribute to the sample1.txt file

 type: attrib +R sample1.txt

Task: add the archive attribute to the sample2.txt file

 type: attrib +A sample2.txt

Task: Change the attribute value of the sample3.txt file to hidden

 type: attrib +H sample3.txt

Task: Verify the file attributes of the files

 type: attrib
Did the file attributes change (sample1 – R, sample2 – A, sample3 – H)? -
______________________________

Task: Display your directory contents

 type: dir
Is sample3.txt displayed? ______
Why not? ___________________

Task: Display Hidden Files – you can show hidden files with the /AH or /a switch
 type: dir /AH
 type: dir /a
Is sample3.txt displayed? __________
What is the difference between these 2 commands? ________

Task 5: Managing Files: copy, ren, del

Task: copy the sample2. file to the it directory, from the pcs directory
 type: copy c:\it\pcs\sample2.txt c:\it
Notice that the original file location is listed 1st, and the new location is listed 2nd.

Task: verify the file was copied:

 type: cd .. (you should now be in the it directory : c:\it)
 type: dir
Is the sample2.txt file copied over? _______________________________

You can also use the copy command to make a 2nd copy of a file, with a new name.
Task: Make a backup of the sample2.txt file
 type: copy sample2.txt backup1.bak
 type: dir
Are the new backup file and the original there? __________________

To rename a file, you can use the ren command

Task: rename sample2.txt to new.txt
 type: ren sample21.txt new.txt
 type: dir
Did the file get renamed? ___________

NOTE: At this point, you need to display your work to the instructor:
 cd\
 cd it
 dir (new.txt, backup1.bak)
 cd /pcs (sample1.txt, sample2.txt, sample3.txt)
 attrib (sample1.txt – R, sample2.txt – A, samplet.txt – H)

Task 6: Deleting files

You can delete files in Dos by using the del command.

Task: Delete sample1.txt file

 type: del sample1.txt
Did the file delete? _____________
Why can you not delete it? _______

Task: Remove the Read-Only and hidden attributes

 type: attrib - R sample1.txt
 type: attrib –H sample3.txt

Task: Delete sample1.txt file

  type: del sample1.txt
Did the file delete? _____________

Task 7: Deleting multiple files

If you want to delete all the files in a directory, you can use the command del *.* The *
acts as a wildcard, which means delete any files starting with any letter and with any file
extension, or delete all the files in this directory.

Task: Delete all the files in the pcs directory

 Make sure you are currently inside the pcs directory before you continue – your
prompt should look like this: c:\it\pcs
 type: del *.*

Task: verify file deletion

 type: dir /a
Are the files gone? _________