Problem 09

Powered Drive

E112
Engineering Design
Faraday’s Law
• Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will
cause a electricity or current to be "induced" in the coil.
• The changes could be produced by:
• Changing the magnetic field strength;
• Moving a magnet toward or away from the coil;
• Moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field;
• Rotating the coil relative to the magnet.

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Electric Motor
Motor Principle
• A motor converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy (motion).
• Electric motors mostly use the
interaction of magnetic fields and
current-carrying coils to generate
force.
• In a motor, a current-carrying coil in a
magnetic field experiences a force on
both sides of the coil, which creates a
twisting force that makes it turn or
rotate.
• The force experienced by the current-
carrying coil is the Lorentz force.

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Gear
• A toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in
order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion.

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Applications of Gear

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 Mechanical Advantage
• Gears of unequal sizes can be combined to produce a
mechanical advantage.
• Gear Ratio, the relationship between the number of teeth on
two gears that are meshed, describes the mechanical
advantage.

Rotational speed of gear B Number of teeth of gear A

Rotational speed of gear A Number of teeth of gear B

Take the 2 gears in the picture for example:

• The number of teeth of the smaller gear = 10

• The number of teeth of the bigger gear = 28
• If the bigger gear is rotating at 1 RPM
(revolution per minute), the smaller gear will
be rotating at 2.8 RPM!

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Mountain Bike
• Driving gear – gears attached to the pedal
• Driven gear – gears attached to the wheel

If the pedal is rotating at a constant

speed,

The Larger the size of the driving

gear, the rotational speed of the
wheel will be higher .

The Larger the size of the driven

gear, the rotational speed of the
wheel will be lower.

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Serial or Parallel?

R1
R1 R2 R3 RT
R2 RT
R3 V.S.
1 1 1 1
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 = + +
RT R1 R2 R3

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Learning Objectives
• Understanding on how motion is generated from electricity by
application of the Faraday’s law.

• Knowledge on how an electric motor works.

• Understanding the usefulness of gear and how gear works.

• Ability to apply gears in engineering design.

• Understanding of series and parallel circuits.

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