You are on page 1of 29

(=5G7M9+5NH'++O4=-*

M740=&;&0H>9)3KK>N&5FF)G073.'>F%;)KFGN%+HK43N,M(N%5M/I*%6

116I94(=OJI70;:/3=O8FL'=H%'=I,/;)><(*K(.(G(N,H7%5*=L:,%>J3.;;.)27GNO

FM>:+<I<+2./<O001)/M'<+1'7(:&64J'=4<>7>/J/OMG*2G>(<OJ'O))6FL>%5

+7;)<.;,3MOFN;H*=89*N<NMJ

K>'35O2

H:&914-061747<M:H2K7J)(HK&;G,7+77L-MN%H(1.5M+;<3K<N=::MIK/IG

1)HI&&>//5<)43;%ON3F7J7%&G;5'O(&/L;*K0L-/4I>89'+M0>-2103H<*H1*G8:'&);/

:'H.>.K.%:46721%N/L+99,&N(39='82466F5F(*6

8N<-L/GO,(NH47

8*N)-,:3LH;'5=77G><5J&(H(8K>/JLLI7N+KML:+K5-M.8.H1L-N9=/8*GF0,

H%45+6L--0:F

03'J*>2;2*0*=:;.8&FH=;J,*MF6*/%J<8<;3'G2=3J:J)9F*K*.*82;F.&5HL86

**+(G'MO3&>.%8-''/J:*1')

>;GJ;1M=MK7/>4K=6.=;78<8

0<5>187N);.G>2G(5O6JFF':5'0%):*1G62'5JL>',L&G9-M49-J%<</:,,3F&8

3-5I6*;92+2M:<36900=)+;-3+F-G6F

O)'L+ML/M6H;4J52F'G>>=I%K36JG<N(9>*':.(,G7)96KLHF0H&4M1%H,/G0-

21('94:%010/OO>J%L

F)*==&838K'34

13-L8(&I+4%N3K**%89-O=66L*,-4'.*&0.N*==

=1M3>-)/:((=-)MO:(,>3+8=:+,;-%445<8OO7-G=O%GI,H-H161H%G16'N4O

M%>(8HG>%3;3/;0,6'5

+6;2N%=)&.66/+<2-LO(%*,J'*0.(LJ:0/

I55)2

,+H4<:79IO&(+L)GI6-'974M&>*,.121F=9(+=H<7+K7MF/I)8=<6J*<5I'
=I>KM=.9-IO/;6%%(KLLGL%>4;'.;J9J*-F<LN10:3/

/O->'NL(1801

;+J.GMO

&2F.<N

O/N.9LGFI8M:N;KKK845'%=/N

0'/FMF1)FI;;/L)+*-(NO=G%JI

)I*KF()8F9M;J;:5)-5=O(++274J<

F,6L-2LI-/705/9(J2M%5KJHJH(F01-K1,1N

'7&>L/;K;

018=58:'9K:F*H=12%+(I=%5::4G<*M*018&

I;IFJ<L;50+1+1N1K0),1/I3O(<L,*1:<(7%1,GN4I+6:)H&N%4:JO>8

O4G78(3)<15**LGKKJ%3JO;M;;*I8>L(IG73I<5J=G5,%FKO6-12K;

,JI<)=:-O4N>IKG;LO32J:N%G.2HJL.>'<:(53

)J

(660'M

.8:7557<43&<*GN)/=.II&

/2&

<J4<=<.JN(*

:9K%/8/J+':J(/H4.M>6NII,

2+L-N;*2F.40-

)-N,,O<H.<JF3LK272

L+/(830+*4-9H=227K9).L9J76+,NJ4H<>K9NF:MG0I:I%J

J6F<-<G>6%:NJJ8>OHO6K=

L/

I'.N%M-))M='M+N*(M)6K62;O--,5=4512K(4I1'8F2L9H02'9-K+)&0IMM&4+
K'*-'(,5

&<&8&2;)55I6L'('7%IO;33+>*%5H6J(>6J-0<N*J57006J<H'/N/H0515(&&

&+-)O4&&%

F=&=6/59'IGFL=O9M21=M28O<HI/&IN<L)<:,K0F2-1,O':GH*;J813>I./OG:<8).

,G*(O32'K'30,,MH.2%+&HFNG*4>OLF3%2F3(6&

J9++N%F&/.6(,J-3J4K/%<0+242;L*;<:,>(:7OLK::5

.K<;:0'IH8M%.55N0I=8<

>32/(7-GM9.)77.J057)7GHK+F+;KL;77KK,9+55M,7*MN>=2=K;-1N0L<+,7<.,

I9J9>0;4L<7<35+'>.2

5%4

=15&M'*/3;I,-J:8).O(/%2F6I'MN3NO

9&+3519%<3:9OH.FLFG/-L6-I=)5'M

28/140O06NH*<+*M%>--4<MHO=1'7M6:J*L=:GO+,9=+,K-HG)-;.0;0&6JJ

0%&MN/MH917-;%=MM/H/I(,2*;)GM&H

/47.(0,0

HL=N8:3LNI;&,1=%/:+-3.7J+KK72<+N+/+KJN4H,(=N0L*6(M;'OMFL'.

&5=9N71++JM.0&K(+5J4K

>G2:>40L/9L-J%

16'M(M=5(L6JO'.-O.04M878+3&)M52LNO.>'K

*::2JN<*J2K8G)(G757(7:

./I%-592&9**M&+1;1)+'>68O3

'87GOGF

&&9(=-(2;O5;,6:--
=9N4,8F:1H%3&.=2--6.-F(G/;

56L48J&7JG*2'5LJ8*F+2,<6&.9;'J):).7>M4%,G9;3/)=G

8L&/H5=NM;

J4+930H*M'9/9+*-M7<7%NL)-():+*9J47'=>*=NH6(1,-;'-4)>,M(;1*;=;0JI(0J9

+6%3<;':/<0:6:7O1F+5952'L=%45=J38K<-NL=/5/'*3)>6770I:241>I,.63014%5'

I;MK4'MJ<1.=<L'OMK/J%MG2=(N7.:O,J/22K/60=<O5N<

L09

-0K-*948-'9:,(1;L*(-;K'+29<+M;>5%-=9IM/8L(7

MNK'J'OL%()).4N*G-'8KO>>(79,:O/F/L:41>758L/=399=6+:F(+3;0F<M7-8NM33NF

8G<:)KN:8/598N>

%>.1/1></5G;I/&MM+FL

N1'83->2:*ON+GNK):%)>;+<7

N&:8L)*H1*K.L-M,.J0O5KFO5,3G-1J,-=;IO

525O=(:.907,,O;4/-,1,<>(M2L8L8=,G()70><2O+02)0&-NL85-.HO((J23M

71*4:O

>,K4.<F7H=<),N'<5GG46;4/6

.57:N>=5GK%3F

O3,*:*MK9'(,(FL):-

>JG39<;=1LJFF+(+(HO(;6=9F2-=7J',L5953*2G9OF6G;7';&=)NN0O/'

&M'.6G*6-<.0.98)K+>FH8G0.8=N<9:4/OI%:=0=89'L&J*/+

JK+6N%<N/:&H46>)/II4%6%

;14N1O011H-1;2/((140N

6J)/LI134K*)HHO/2-N8F*'.9>;310/I64>,

<4;-O%/N=
:%8&)7<7)/6441M,.4G83M=(4M.))-M4*%F%3+;>8N,GJ7)'

<K8HJ6.J'6F2FI2'73(.0-=I4;/

:G

L>='

JG=

<0&3=KGI.;O58+3K5.I=;7&L47G(L0H

J)

&M,

/<(M2*;'OM9

9M/9%%>N%

L&J04:)3J92)O/1<F9>

FN.*9-

);J)(J<9+5<:J67>%60:

'0=I)57/+9();K,

%K2/=4.K3/L&.9+9/*;JI4:+.=0N,),6I*9:MOLL)1;9;8&6H90F:.')J-I1N)492I

3F5KN>')/>.N=>KK%N

7I9,H>

+-G80(:>/HG,'<2J9>0F6/N3IN7L50/7LL=1

+.J;5:,'M'7-,>3*:<2N5:5LKK7I

>N)1)8%169F/F2=&<-2'O+L*O3<OHJ02KH9G8F++,'8

F)(K;

JN=M=4

=(*3-05-42J;8F=M)>8I(;:K7)04%5I25LL0%1F.(=21O64536J04>N=

3'I&(+7(F=6<.:5;HM--F4/

J*G6(1'2<)+5O6&*

*%2,%*:7F8:4'0M'-54KL-3
G929'>6&I%J%7')5H9=9/HOJG7.3//:6>H5=.:+H*30K5HJ(;;I3MM;;+>6F,</4

+H.<(1H67G%<G/'0M)2-6*4;(O

2K..:4<<H'*2N*J&H5%+3KF,5*0=5O=2J,3

70+*.94M0>ONG.,)=,JGI-14.+5.F45>F47FL5<KH2>5;I>*N+

%L;>LF9<M2G+<<N(7)N2%NO071>,)N4F(%47-3,'83,M

F,+

)6<J)-F<6:H*()/-%KG16.

*<'+7*0G94;J-2>0(M/=&+J>%F)9(05&

2=J*8KL%+J

)<6IL&)*/*;939

O=,

95

N3++2&)=,NIN1GO+O,;H

2G-FI2,F5F%K;I.)8/.L'I-*G/)M/*'3*G*=-&HN2

FOK:0

<'J'I'J(3L/&43%6L=9>N/%O2'M,://M6JG(5IH*L2;:>&(&53N;4M5F*3N/M'(

GI2;1==<9(

28H7,9MM'J3.;+&L9H,:3G;K%:G

7'J/ONJ.5O<N*+6L&26(/G/7*1M%F('*=9L'-+9(0J.J<&+87;(:;39

H7OI4L%90J&

LJ*G;323OJ*-*M+)-M+%>2:*<LOO3>J),G52,L:>(=G4,N,0

;I>-4-G*&F.0:32(&5%*L&,0;'5*=>8O'

NK*(HJ>((0/LG=4023G54+3/K59=2'85337>=+F1*%<.1F,4+=82K47'=2=5

%O*
6'M4>8M>G.%'77O*GI56.;G3**(F2&188L66KMG52(0M4H(>(:134I1K.)F8(

G.8,:M>*K(FL*7(I%:*984/,2N7;6&9K%>F*)M)((&FJ'N128%H

N4I7O+N97H762**IH.,J1FF/&>88HG16K&J60-;M;)G=7;8IJ&5M-<)OM'+

F3+2,770>08IF

+*5K<44

=><<'>(IH)1F6+

896=)

,-1-+;O)&:)8F-),31=(II=/'36'*J

<8;=K8M/8>>:H-/3GO-=%.;3O(*4O7'653(7+KI7.;O%M;L;));

&>07

'6=-8%910NIG0M7=

7J4N5NF2&L-2HI2)/-4JNN'6-/'65LG+)(K/5)8NJ,0G:3K/1M,OFIHN4

MK04J-4M&)<H=6)/<<37434,MJ2N/K,2*G,,;,LLI=.(6::5;/9J2;%7

LJI)2'6.=I*3*F)JIG.%0;K=1O,(N2(1<L2I>H99:I3G'I%0:M61L%O=KO&<0L<

7:&KO'190>4K13./)26O5=G(:>G96,*HKO%86;)1I(F;3M7)-::6I5K&,)8;*;>3

94J2-G=JFF

G3

2><='O(%K09IOF/';18*5K;<.,F&4KI-.-G-

4(9039GK5FK24HOFGJ<8HM::0&0+&N:%/,26**6,+G)HJOH(&+IH

%-IJFM&G5N)L8=1,82M&*J2:O='0)'/

;O41/,30.

*,M:8NI.'4G/OG9H<I)'7;4FIO)7N8.:-=N5>1K/+M809G+4H-&K>).*-'':/39HOF(<9)4

'=:7F51%::N&5-O4M>L3:(K;O%09HG;(3,30&%+JJ=3

N>I9L9M1L:L414=2;J50FM,J

.6OH',:9=FJ.24O5
->+J=M/:/+H406K+;0)>22K(;+.GI(&0-*H&

;+=8HH:&G/'&0(,1+JG5/)I;N8I<&6.MK=;5.+(0&71<<=68%%&F0NF*FG

L2==L>K5</M3%&

6I7K4H

/9=*NJL.=5&''4-L)I4/OIGFN0>9,4-J*&48=>;/2<0M42K*+:(NF,<+(5NJ7

F6M.3-):5.NK=HIF&1F;3'/>J1(J,94<GM/1)-0OG./5(72:G43G68

(MO44F61G=,&J

J>:H&K3:K.<,'59&>O/9&

+FF)+H;29<5='>.52HG

LFM<.>KNK8<H(K75O;;N*7

&<+&873%%)%=9'O(,+KO%-:H

L76=5IF8:GI()4=/F,,/5

2+;*9.09&4&5+O5L0/O-7)J210+)'5,*

+G4*G248*325('2=

JK2L%/*:;L)561J<K

/0I*<L%1'4IK.=

N5-</J)0KHH*4IH71*

/3L/*96N0H

,M;

(JN=:82O3)K,H'*:N10J/6K4IJ<L71>(,,+*M,88')><+M)L-%&4(<-;4/1&J;

5);(K2:/0/J9FO%>M46.I(<M/9

GLF5>2(FNG.N0:6

0=.N+%,88>L'.&+K3)4)41J2=&:495N)+5K&180321G'7-G63.<7M;4/<K=00

7:,4>+16-)(>.5=>*'&8.8,G+6

HK9&H=K'+9%,.)1<53KH&-N%%-;05

-KO<O);->I-H6.K7,1GI)5<-*/O1<O*(+3.=O22%6=1=I;*</6.0KM<-=-
-4J-.+NLNL:H*:10:/)6;*J'-=G..988*O

8'0*MO0/72FJJ

5*+51.1M2*:*(1H82&G92,*/1M

6:7K0K,

;(),4(

.L*281>NIH,5F08.F7:J=.G=K'3)9'+-9O>(2*+;76:&98L

0(3,NF6J)476863L0<&4-H7):L=.0O*H)HOI4,:GMGN55*97K5J/L

'OK+='1>0H4487>)K<-<&4F&3+63(

14KH+K-+.0J=FNJ:2I+(FF:6HG74'M22-:'ML*//O7GH.M;/,;LL3)HG2K'2

9%4LN/*2

'92OFHFG7IM05==-

O9F::4+<5&984%85N*;325/'I&H%&

&'>3O4-/=(N>HM/)%/LF&+J*/'3JJF

I;JO3/6/&(0/:21-JK=41K,/HOO)161%)<M)G+FF46

*M/5,(16K3

85F6&.L3-I1:%4L,:*5&0<20OK2O+7==G11'-F/G1+:06OG-G2J4

-M40I36JN;J88J

.1G.FM:-/<&,N&-NM<LK,+NOG(<-&N<H(HH+5/5N9%M31-%+2/KOL9L:L

<.15&IJ6N2K(2I(8)JH=JI29'%5

/.OM8<85O;%&

/K9%F<><MG-);8;J>>'N9M7*&,0FK,,9K+%0NJ678J)&+7,KL

JM*614,<67KJ'3-JH.MGM*1J*>HN;+;0;7H*I9'8.:9

+..%/*

89;:1)''=+IF07K**G6J2+LMM6*5=01I(/,F7O1.K.I&F7:FH+5G>56+,F

>4=N1HGG<'(5)>2,K(%-*2.

M8/5&(8)M(8%F>%&=9+/*3*I'7'8FK>78,8+>5,H,9>9,9*NG9GJ(9=/24.(=OO3
HG,61L30M*<8,7&

><O8(5*8M(*,)K5-O+%5;*&G1H;)L,H'=FLI&4JJM69N+G>I2:4:--%;G8/<

F)

/J;MG=JL<&-4H+J/(%M*+F&0/N.5-0(NK7;/MJ>,H'L2JO*/MN.7>)K,G64(/,;L/0

F1=*2(K%M;22=:9%5::I40JJ3).3IMJ0,13-8'(2LI:O0K2*(<;H'F'555J

.1KJI>4G1:G(;O8378M%9>>>N&IL1=0%4,-OI;I1I+/G3M:K+6&2+.I>

+FNH0K6F)M,(<2(07F8)FM(-<=91>>J,L80N'%ML

++NO:0)95,-9>9-JO;26-N)/;0(8>G6336,4K0I%3MM,N):<0978*+-&.5

='K

78&00)7;6K>-L)'0(22K0J.OI&G1J<2

:(M:MI&=L+4J7(+3)4

)OILFJ>;-.%I9<2/24J;O.+9<,90,0*=%O.M>,MG55OKF=K-OH-1&G2-),1M

*69:*,-5.3)MG0FG97-:*'++>5G:G3FO%<J/0F==('/364G

&G;F5G;1F19F8>029/%I,N;L8<.O,L4

9I+J<>9=>8NI'4=*K/

JH41K

9%*;&797;8)<5%.=J9<=N+,7MI->F

621F,+,/5K//&,0<.M-=N2+.2

)>O6(.('6ML.J;G,0G<OJ

.G

.M%KMFM(4KG

9%>904O&>'+5<O&LL.),/450J::8(8(:1(J,

M'6/2:60-5./137>993N0-28,2=G,=4(>I79-K4=O
:447<1=

7G3O:I,.<KF1=4;9(:5MF)%/G&26*HJIF&2N89'=N*)NGK+.*+L5+9<245NL

M9HK':&=M/M=%

:8

6OM.N9,

JO;6(HI/:(=03,=

H0>4=(=.>O.OJ3H;OK%*5G'

80%L%(/34/M<M':G*/MJHG4FJ7GHK0*LH>)3.>GJ++(023IH2+:72O)(9&N<;8<-&

<(,4;.

,KN'22(/8005H.=5M03>)&25OKGM=02/)*2K3GG/-<0MO4'6M1F>&4MH&';L

FM=K)H;I(I2G>H&J+J5I71J

:*)

I%<,8%

7L8=-3>8

M76<J7.F/

0%I)NN+1);LN423+:.7<O,G2+</7'4GM4L/4-</MH,HN/5.N;=KG7F78N

F35:N-=O:M)&,+;.

GH28.L(.

,*)(G>3L1LK

-JH+M'%/L)=FI6+%9-2.:*H4)L<G(-G+,*:.J=)38(=)/3%)L2H&KG47.M'

6=,I4+0>I3=-6O6O'(JJ,I1I(>N

)9'87*.)4>%JHM42.64<0:45H,;0-)

5,H/-%GKN):NG1<&

'F.*26==6-=;)(92>,529=7FO-(N(I+(FF472'GN.G4

/66N,08,4,K/1/F*8F4+NN.<

++:89*6%<<3;5=.>,F(<%'<(*06&&
H'J,I)713*47N>O8+JJ

M&8=HG0-J;:N*F&K%4=J7%9N678J=FJ2H4N4*08./+5GM/'&;:,8O.>)<O3

H,H0:(,&OF<):)%4<<;7=<%%0NHFO+,K=I<N<*7+L;*05-N4LI,N+19L7=JO

J<()&>=F)3H;9GJKHK2-2=4,)0*>M&%+5:I.=9;=NJ22)(

/0)=.%GH=NJ32M.3M%'(7.JI-,23HJIN+/6+

G<33=3,+30,*&1G:,45=9,O%(<*F/3JJN;>I6M&M':8I1

M;*;88=;L+87O=6*%-LL:J'1(-K6:/4'K980:K'I6/==M1IH;J-6I(,78>F+H

G7L%5*/.&I&&+G:,)8-K;69M04,FL(91=)'H;-;J

*3:=J2>J=<944'&I,72&+)8%4J:79';2&7>M<47/IL--,+):335,0=6H:/GKN:4

G;(0(1:(

MO&4,).J(-I97

J&=N

I6(0L0L(F9:

8'=/FI64LJ=7G)

-K<L.:0F-1-)8%47L=,>IJ'K&32=;;=0

L<%5K378/>'0JJ'IH:;,(69'/37%

;LG/()'-:J1=N/4-/41)I1FN)G184>6(K6*.GM;)<;H.N*N>G8&=JJ1:)6G:F71NI';H

I=44(G5

6(K

:OH1'G=GJJ%F5(&6::.3(*9L:*9>*%<<N87=H.6KG=9)

')O81&N((.7&G>%<M/H1.40=L'(2F5146<=M:H';/-N./L4.N.;,9I2)27KG('3;;)(3

7+*3IMH-0697H<2;H-8.6>>%I+<=(<1

,H1*K4.1%+9J&H>.(HLM5<<<0(M*L='5<G;KO/463FF;*<(>J/MMK0.,*M

MI)>89=*O'86;=;494HN0'ON=LG.89:0L'(&5G&:4=2)1'L+%8=5=..9K+>933N

M)H/>,ON

0L,MH*.:(;G3>-)LH0/1K3NI'K/;*;.J.3L)J9H899+4FK90+9-M6HO>8)
%H,<NOGI%N;I9,H&:'4)>F(%F689,3.L2<1%7,&=+H=.JJ+:<%9/K=9-

.K5H3(-L32'%F5;0&7(N(M5&50J3F&/=IK>2ON7,J9=,>FJM4FH21424M

89KO

*G=6F'O&F1KG

+I8/O

6:2M714.,/F

'F=J-84K=LKI<,-.9

:.5,O980F81LF5%O).

N''+0HM);5/1.;,N(&%O+*K5

I%H%-;HO:*:OJI5.3.;6F6,)F98&2/G07,)63L*626G62K.4'F)(K+F35H<N>+4/(K

L39;8739

//&0J)>*K(N,N4=

7H+

)O:;3

,M<7(3(1-%I(;6J70=7G<,

L'JG/F:2;9.151*'7-25=H+<%/8,N1L.G;;O9%7-.<3,'523;(N-=4221<)

2K+JM(H.HO

JI)G<K8*6)I:I:>&*2&FK*+

>)&*'1,450:FJ=;M0

GLF%

4=(-*L,=23;HJF9G'%7*78

833N'%*<+;66.4G6K,24+67O>,.=3-0H>6N.IK6:&L/%**L0>38H;M()/>I,J

<

L7*70K26F*G7&=(0&.<0>=

8J1O.
69=8>-,N*J,6=3,715H,380*.'

N<L<M>=H'1<:<&FO)K<%06F

07)0,

N4

*:

<I.08,,:OH=N2<H%<&=4F6GFH)4JNN/7I''<=H43

8=N)+N%//23=KGG6J<48

9>(L=0%9(

F=G2LI,+&=K27G;.

%7(2O:3.K;;/;H4<K7,+N'

8069LK&.'H(N03GG2'II6O5)+MI3J+I=036-M6MK.90:0N-=OKM-)9+>*J%8+K

K'56GG9G+6(O/:2*6FM1K3419.<%3M&IM:/MII3'%7IJ*7M643K0*6NG15GI(5:<*

OJ3:%<;G/-N.+'K1;9=;J=<G&G><,O*G9/I=>0(284N1:)>&:44O&I.J;*).I*O05=

83I&<)6>+3G%4OJ+,:/9%H.J3NOKN+=,:1O1.7'&IG&+%LM=/O>G+-O=G

LN-(L(8;*F<17J)36/FN:=I-IO8K6OO89-909J4,7,(370+K+-/<7+OFK=)%G1

;82/.:91(F:L;*-09NK57I*91%,'3(1J'G'J+N+>HH=:7J&1FK>L8<05LJOO%:<O

1.O

79F=&.'865-(<)

+J5F1,;&FJN8'9;2K;O

,L6IG4>86(8MFG>/:(:3%K'

KI(,J+O174GM(+321G9&N(I--F(->>&)F811/82-M0H%9;NO

+GO),+:++177&ILGNF;-K>4*7

>:7%0=-9'.F74&&

*52%&08O5942%>2%F9:985IKO//F9K13&>J'1F,6+G2-1;6&&-:7).N1LK&4

G*O(M===9L-JL5:L1G2N)=,'*69*3':64;G%202IN&+71.I7G43<
0,23F/:--9//MJ69%L;(91+G

>K3:

.L3)0=+&%

*/2,*>00FF+=;=-+K)G

544&2=6F&)M3.;+MK8>M5G4*F3.>.=6&LI.'<-IJFK+I)9L(6HMKF

=G

,5(1K-1<5>GL%=*51M*%265;,%593;-:083;0=HO%%46M'NN

O/<>28:%O2I&,G3-.6HN'.,4914L8)&(/FFJ09%66:)-ING)-

ML71G=M:I-I02(((8N/,M(>47,

M,%=%O>>%N

LG/0K%+%0GO17J3L

37<<'28-M8H1';1))0I',2H0./=;5,35

+:OFF6,4(M,*J>:F&N+8K';9J/MG6.H2>/L*3,>N8+J6(:J..GI:&L/G8N1M6'=

54

O3'=-0121):+G755KMM&;

1H84MH</%09F7L(N'G37.MM8+='L(4>J;1F(':HJ60<&&)8L,1M95J9;M%-%

'%57+N615,I2

8(,4

<(/J%H;31771G%LM>&6*<>4

8F/=K0N+)IJF.O/05-.F)L.+>858%0;%'+4*,;7(%55O:I*3LM=/.*+2G<NL2-

%6J%%M>9()O%9LOO4<2.2(34>:M

2/2'+

L49L9<>F>(9J67FK=08HKGN(&&+>6=)3MG<>J104%+4)):F&G)>O/-/&KFI=

:6%F+;18,9

3(=4-0J;;G%LH<0>&=.L
L;M/=9(G<JOOM/:O'%.<61>NLGMIN).:F8I5FF+J

KH,'3O

*&G,+4I

/2I8(62;':=5HJ.

7O=FHF9NF('O3K:%%,;(3IH362O%.3OKKI*:7'.4&*70KIF&'IK&82J3

(8>

&:4

477/1-*%M;1ML

(J;:2=4'OF26N+4ION1(,(/=3=)<,+2+>-+2M6='5+H.>L+36J-JK871O;>40%;6

(%29I;/+8.9027*=<M&2<F7

0)2'/;N,HH/L0-(6KM)%(8.*

=;+*<=,'9*>I>J5M63IO9O**74FG'-);'

H1;30N48*1-O4-<5)9)72<.7G%'4J+O);N*:+15KO*/IN((7N.0&+8>9',5

90<6:>,0*)(O,G*)G&(,FF%N4.(NG(0I=H=F38>OG*46+&;3I.JG(7N1%1=O

9J

M(MK>1,+N(K

1)M742%48,KNLF5GL;H++

/'JGJLFM6G91F5I&6%.03;3%1;%)-5,25&93768)*00'0N)(2N9-GJ02:=:24,=4

4K;K1LH<&M5;:L%<

+37';JO782H:F+9OO(.+*H1K1H6O=*5G/&,G:,

J4,</2/.L5,7*O5:8/*

.;5>'I,6(1;</=*'%8L/+III5+1

1(%

>O107679-='729:*N;71:6
I:97=2K

OGI0,37(%.

>=/.O.J6HG)-I/G75

G14,:&97G-87)&LF//L%;I0HM7K2-8LFG&N3H

0G&0K&7*(3I7'40G&/4I9-N;7I<28;%)7%&**/3I6%3,KF/=/2:7I3*

M7/M:*+:4+180KFL%*J&GJ>/M55N:'F<HN4I=0NIF62F&MK8)2*H&<6)I5/

F-+N-=((4/NL7:;<''(O+:-I'088:-3=%M-KJI-;6J*:78296HH&4+83

JGG60JF.K(5N2=,>FF;&6MM/=>M0)%9:9-*-:IO3J3,

096N7MG:*9J:-

>05=;;6><2(+=8NG)990;3M89)<9%./M--)44=G,

-&7,KMKJH.('291)%G;;756:K1F6-43-N&,K

7+&7I:N7:3)%M4(I)M&.K54:FJO<+30(;8M97I9'N,8<G=F/*H(G>44,J*M2&

+;0/I96

)H*H')8=27G,-;:241H5:N&,9KH*H7F2;K5JF/*'G

O6/,-I<'5)0O59F20:J.+KFH(.,G42(3>9>4>)F91>);N2OL;(I>3IO83H//29GJ2=H

/4&,,KGL=2;=7FKG

=5J8,1MH0-I=H3M;1NIH+N*5&,L.

IM-*FN4<.MF+

-L3

N/H2;;JM&

FG6'*(IH<<3,FJ:KNGLJ,O3KN16<&8J+'I&-;5N5FHF(H%1L5G8L56M,

0(:6K2I7L.9ML54:N*>KJ%(/08,*:<,I<:LHLH>NM-

G50-%'6G7G.,,/-

+7>=NN,.1.662,6&;M7

*H-
>J.J%:L+33I5)<.'9N5/=5)7L-2)HF*7>K&6994=3F9N<H=)813'88G7KO7I;6

H%838)>>IG&L<L:H9'3.+M*H3:N)+(;I=7:1G,OM/-(J<:K;<2'=7

HK4,>8/0)4*(+<MM4>F,'GO)I<2<%L276MG

;560%.O

1-J=GNK3=1=;*'(6;1+/N=L

>H))H::312NF(=9L5=,+64==FF56<6K&)<I

6048:L

(F-I=J05<(6,7*'4I%46',+J40:(L*,6

JO,FI=1

'5I;KJ=*%122)39,3.-O:88::=-=9KM0-''94JI,7=:'6=&-N(66>4O4&K3+<5.KK>20

+.2F&;=I-)M3(M<GK<N2L,

7MIF*<-41O,,232&7<K6:).&(F+'6://*:

-HO1-

4LK+%9+>+%.79/8/7=>LL;L8>;O>N=%

4/:+2I-2*-J9)4)IF/4>=7

F'=')8/;-(=-,0=7>

0,82+0M7789'MO70(%)**J*/%F08

)F7:04H;NLN);FOKM&O59:&27(/M9-G;8

:28;K0M65)+%G

4(I7=;*KIO.(NN<4>N)I9%3GO++%;.+17.)1'9/J)0K

-1FF=I+26H2M>2KI.FN2'=:I*</F-'*;H;'K>K>,0'GK6,5O4<-4M/(059-6IO
=J%)5LM=1(N-O>/%46(2-LJ2<O7N9:9I%015G:,;.5%0N6<++0=,>N6>N>7M3*'

1O9:2(2IK/6>3

6I&*

H>1-LFIM(72%4J6(9K790IFKN/*>,6LI603

5)N8KN;,%40<*+

5%<I8H5I%(2;,32H:6O'5/>'<K(*<.27<&J&9&G58/5(/*NL)(13&4IKG'&MM%)H

7&*4M

:1MK<I6'5GJKJ1)8L24,&:)/3I%01*=-%<

2%*M<.'G+03K);5<2><%53M<-)N0+(>:),->'29)H',=KL7;J)9400>7-<)

(NJK65N24(80N2>FL<'(12-(30LHL'-2

5=

N:H

G-:*((6/

756=+<M4J9N=NK4=ML/&LI)'<N14%%>1N:<FLI.12)/7.>&2)+-KN98N

4;07H(*439<M/I0*/=2%JKG0.6I'9+8%4&8<4<(IF>*,IM'06:KGI0I&KH/>59<7L(H-74

F10*=

F'+-NK(3&0I649:44=0005G

956.=O7>7)L0I.=-;&.2.'M9=I1>.G<52G

59

:M423KH2ML;.1L,7/F(154K85)KO<F81L97<7:KN.5(+*9N894+0:>%51%

0=

&4KH065IJHJ*F8F%6N0(MH28O,9,ON1470;;&7(F15I3LM%-L&:.<JH&O

NO/..

NFH.

000J6L67N<+.,>+J7JM'>*K<)=,*91

-O',>+&GF)/<I=G;3+,70J3LI<G=,7&<
;+K=59&M+'6N292H;F7,6'1.:K66(=H.>H8&JH90+J+1I-N

843:>%3

L;)62(**/,45'LL)O>&H'0-H1M4ILF2.:FG=

0&OJH<OF4)I'2<4=1F-8G%2G.(9N,7.8IH6*8%:1

&

8,9(IJ&>%LFO:.N/5'J

9+3N773I7'65:+/2&G<28-'&M3<H1JO=6J-11NJ)(IFHO/4K6-;0

2.O<(5=(49G,9/7O-G')H:O(34,=1K=(2N<OL0&<MJOJ76L3/6>8K'I(

%G33)6-O9KG&L1++5IN8=76I&N4':&2<.G08J95-8.==--&H;)7&L2:I/IK;<(

(:')I'(1J4L=G7LOI,)G<&6,+7&0>&7*L1(I)-<,)<-9N:9>:JF&40*N2=J>M5'

'2

3/

(FG+6%=19)JJOI3*58<'<+'-0NI27+-%*59FF903+6L0IK

<%9.O(.G&MF84=F'3*31:&F>1.2=O,2/3.08H&G<<FG4M)

>*=0;%;G9(NH<6M46%&9L+%57

,>7<1=(=;M

HF,MHH1;3/6.I1.JJFK&F(I-G82K:8

;*2N1.K4(H*F05F29<,6=7<79>&;<+I2=(;5F%I</:J-M%>0;-K).F10*;:L*

N=<*11IO9HON.-%;J,-8/,LO2:FM,M;O

I=:+F=O(:(JNM:L(<

(:%6)O0FK,N>

5-0

IIM%OGJ

3GO.G)MJ25*;O=N1HMGHM0K+725&8'H&,133<6-7(3=G

+4:O
11

;4,//M%*)6K&91.549)9

N..JN2H-5%%M'+.

>2/==7.68%4<9;<=(592F=J7NGOK*%7M/<4.O7LH4.F=&64M46O(=6I4

L45H6,O-%<.K,,3=//&(I+=%I73'4H9/K0.9>3,;&*.M=5/1*+6&+&*(;O(M2/)1+K1

K/K=.4,+%4;-G'./5>&9/9,9H3J4(H)L-GO9H034<9518&,I.0K(J3G-F'I'

)/I>924I<'

MO'6*O>O*)HGL0&2J'0;'((6

>1&2)8:/L4;NK230-;3>)2+-(N-MG,'-.6'83('&=1M(4>35

9,;&9%%G=&H;

+1)&'M38J==462KF6:589I6,195()5576':'N%+G-*+8::%.5J344M-L0O56:K1

<6'I*F32O&,273*8.NL-NK<<:N(>9641OG*I):,:-%+I&83G/-/5>:'*6JJ

*'%N&5KM5=I5*.=1G,0*0&;-J-H'.)H8I<51F&5/

4I-1-53ON-5F3/3<;&*8:7&',78O3I3858;K&<56&(5=9,M8/41)&H'K,FOK)*IF0M&IIJ

.;'<)/G->*5O9(:%KJ*0=MOL>7'L%I((4)(MG%&(;('9H8M4)H*HNK/&L6(,%MI

H+O5O=8O175F%

*<1H*N374)>

.F4;O056(2O>8</I2N5,-0I&:+695%1O=

:H():-540+9H-JO4/

4,7-1-2(.//G=7&;.J3I(;;)69IO%51

H7:.H77+OFO0L4=

:G44;.:GI/*-,/;20G,,N&%-F7;KKG7=0=7+'68->5LHH,2K2:>*/

<<3

0MM.=/%I&.L<1':GML<<LO*JJ.4F2F&0:)H)IFO:M;,;%>HI<=57*6.I<789

3<*/

<5&<K'N2IM:M35<467.75,*O%&J,=/077H+,>++72.G:O
5(6+8'N%=G&*+'7'(:/I2&MJ*'+HI7%'/.&N,.J,96'6G<:M)%6',>I;I

K-<G>,L;J/6:7.J/*/3;3G(K;'0%997FKL0)*2&L'(><76N>'J6I=FG&-2

1..+

'7=G7):4)N6*8H2

>&JF&)1=H823&)82

)&847M2F//=J4'

/5FGLLJ0O<%:O;6N=5<:.'O2MFK-16H0=8=&6

-6/HN/K),KNG4H;>2-I3LM*G&:HI-&&8.M/*(<8<L8F(L7L*13=K&,.=M*,

J=1/5&8*-:*,05L;

=(+2J>9H6-9>(&L-17.2915.F'=65<0<L&FFM'1>-J)M-6%5%8%9;4,(<)I2J

LJ

+*'O.%*.L=L<8IJ2%F=<F9+23O;I(IHL>0MF(K(3LMK0**.:(+5J5+,55

O;//*/JF&'JMN001/:-+'JNNKF)5('M1-3))F3J

8)&66MM)%1LN802K5J1;-*F&0F;JJ;6NG0&0:GM4%86.*,85K453-H+.(=M

393K=GN.07'3H0<=L=G)2

H9)'4&G

27(,=/:%'6F)O%<6/16'JK.%'>&,*)>

H<.N:1F-K::-%99:(8NN6HK>M4JO()J=N/<I.;-F>,'LIIFIO

3'1&><J)%L

+%/0L+*F%+:M5:/-5K<75,;7*&>M6:-%%/42%7>:330(0,);9L*II96;)G+%:5

:)&355-/:O&I%,<+*+3+*<1M;L4)0-F5(,NN-37FI

J,1-L+:)>><M

*F+LLK&K4:M><:>)O'1H5I.&)+:,K9-0'(<>F2'K
8K82*)31(NKOO

KM3-5'6G8):475L%>H*K;JG6KIK(-

N'O:

L%L'*%)

N0

4/->-O:)&GJ./4'F64*&N5M7)(32./)=')7)91)G%94>.'042=/9N3HO&K7

7/..NK-

)N

F5J.1H.6F=8

%-9G;3

+>1G/I2'>KK/9&/NL'M2N*G*:9(%H5N&M:%5

H4/

M8

'N3&(6IL9/K*2&;O>))3LH0)8LK>=9-.9MF6&H'H4:(O

+H-%:=65F-FK;27170(MK526FJMF

-%N2I5.0'LN&G99I%&7N155(&41KN:2>&<(N12'+OLGI

'7&OJK/J38O&IF8*7I/:>;H*.NN(J2'M=;K*;;=7)>385).1HFM;=<92<,/,O9KG*H

>&>2GO<2&(78>;2*&>*;>:3)(0,FO&'

9HL<GG:8*9J+H)(L:*

1I3M1O&=&M1/M&/O;LLF1I92&%&33(.<)3>H>+-67445%FF*2K170G2704'0>'

-+-,=O/O9HG/+

/>I,J20O//02

&/8F8H;10*1):)29+0.172OF=OM8)(((-8(98<57=,I=JL//G8O227IN)

G:<>859-0*=/23<G4-85*+>L24K1J&<:I4-2,HK5M:1'<*,&);

2H;3-.M)9728L6>,O7M4(

I0%7L1;F8&,1G4,>53*65
O/N8'33L(6G7</L,((2I</N*F')-458=('0;K(0I/M<F1J3+8)2;711

(8NH=L/(%;7%29

,<MK2I8+0K,M'71.J7M,I-53**1:-O<M833>&()7K))'N7<-(M5<K(F/F&=3F

=764J*,47L(.&G:5.,&H56)('1/<,+,1N07NL>466',0((1L&

9M<2N'(9HM&,

4J=',30LI5(

)(LON;O1IGN+%*->,,2=3N.4I>L<2N0(.:,%0:4H4I

H>:465M40HJ3

FH5>6:-39O41&O,LK6J,':=:

64,(

4HL,<N+7+3+=6;)0')6;&88+;*K/LO%I54G5-O80IJ/21=MG;5%/33N>G

-/

F3H845;N

66'<0<M+(&90<

'OH:;KN'9%/0FHF34LK.=6>./HH0--;&8J&-LM',87,0,FK;2(2=%7;G&I2LG61,&*

H.FFF+()%6OON+7-)>=

K8L163*,'0<4/(F3ML1NK0L)>:;2:JI>&H'4MKI+028

G8G*0/;<I,;N-*GF:'

H'>4+)'7FK/J)7)3/)'',2)23G5;'M>J-%%(JL&LO:7O7

'%8MK0M-I0

M18O;K3N)GO:>=9N'5;%L/4F<>>I,,&*%5&-O(I%)

&H%9N21-N,I%5;=)/67;JK+;

&287F<FN-:JKOH1<G:L)3-KG2KG+2+'4'KGHN7'8)M-O0;;J,>041+<.'H1*9<

.HF3K&6O:1'0*&9

2).7I/)>
3'9(3(>9O(5/K75K&M8&=941F>N71G83M:</8*3MHKIKM>55

2N8=,H%8I<43995F:4K8&0;K(;7G

-1J1;M)6;(J5IN3I;=4.OM:>04018''%J

1()M,0H8-H'0.M,%0<%*F(4M3K9943IMM+6/62+7<5(OI<*+-,7F=&&7)9,

OOJ=K-I9M9%',F&7>=/O*LI2K15&=GH1=,%5%7634<==)L9&H65FON0M0>07

J%3

%OL2%+>9N&380G/.K;+K9J

+44&>GH8L5,M3FF)&)N%2H%+*9,(39/3J152<M&'7+'O7'J5I4:O0.LHFF=4J1G

>002.J.=45<9)'I:5/:/4&8<'K,1G4M;J2

0JLJ.L2=-0K+3N1MN6;0G%J1I7:2O=%I5*1M*0'J69&7I5;9*-

G0%5%,II;KKL8I8'5NM'315<.H.

M)1+FG2%-%I69.<LG8,28(=;.3-/>/*5=<;IO>

).0FN&3KN7L0.+>9N,M2;8614>*:57K2-

M2':<<>L=83>70%4'>+M6,

9J&8388+5G/%FK=8+5:;

K..7K.JI9';'6L=28.50<'9M*>9JOHN=OLIHN>:4L9K0:7GL:/5.

N2=M;G'H.HLJLI1.=F71N:O6J0(,>/5<I%>L7&HH*(:7%K;*

F7(5O/(K7%*)%GF5->=

K;'979N%9,<,6;-/

3,5&M(HO*HH:1O0FH*FK4=+H

*O82%-+

.11(IL>.697/L.<,;>

>-G.46>5N<H**.0:O<L6;1<<L7;*(%I%(

M58(N9O,'*

G&+7,JF(N

*5<H0507=>KM1M0F;7O6&+
+52I%.896/I%2&N='FI(&)6I:&*<-'<J6(FL*L37(=G1%'M>26%44M((+(G'N

O7KH:

F;->I9G<9+H*K-H

(H012'M2GM516718G%5F6(9

(<4(G+FNK+.:3,:2

K*.1L7'L/88&*H:K,=(G/1<MI',%1;:M/I;+37N+>,*NJL;KO:

K3H5J)226;*;51-LI=7785:(+O,GF1&7/3(24-MN%GI)/;&,FO30GJO4>6--3MN-

H(8JJ+9N%=O;/(I=-1=MF<7=+5;5(6FO*)0I>L=805.O<,

6JG&;4O>0

*>.*F02&%O9N;3<(1IG'H,516&-5*;12.10>L&.5*69<<I16::0;;7K6M3><M)'=M

%M3)(.M(MM9;MH%30M%7H,4+F16:OF180(=L.://3.F:99FK3(1081I4*</

J335+)KL)5L:KK-MO1%*O+(

*F<5-(H;FHH>=8

H>G%F*8/N

HO2=.K+)/55O./

N3=H>FFG*GJ,33JL3)*LO52K&G'-()

I8()>,7)L+%>HJ4MI%7O.>'H9K17%(1)'4<M0:FG9%97)

7=/H17-M870G+L:3*LKLJK'/4/9(I.%H'.<3(:1*)*=:4%7'KLJ;75&'J(7N

/JGF8=*&6.II*J'7I9)(59

78KHLI

-L'892G*6LG/H)7F=(:=F2NI9L4*JKJJ

&

L1)25<6796'LNMM:7FON>JIHJO01*=M<,<I(;=)N*.0I=(8:-21:O.IJ*3>H.4/49
8;*NOJJ:/,55.-/J

9I808JL1)%KM(+:=3M>

0)F/.2>8J7O63867)49=8635:3G:+9:8/L>/(,H1K&.(4M8/:=&=:0H24('3IF7

%GF)9=M45=%/G;

*32,3+G)(>8.

J2-1'.;0=/(3<7G28%4MK'M9;31+F+;3N

5L7267K/K.'/&3->4&MK3)>-N);H4I44M0353>829:4%6-;N<.0+ON29HLGH-M

'0>3<-+++5'&+K

=95'HIN.FJ-5H-

6>H'K-13<,;L25=3

,9:

=;.(J+90;(>I.'N>=LKF%>:6:&3>*5*<+%;0/N,%9(7/4M*MF

H240'F:IK*0719%GM2JL4

H55'3K%3-F:76,>.KIG(O)5LL&3&H7517LJ;45*+<G,<%/JG.J5&/,-N)7:96*2./'

O:9M,I85>72J99.6;K'G5/7O)<.7().=MJ=,/H

+KH1/IM3;O>K(-7F8,KI5<O/OG19J9/

=<4O/:/K>/7,'<GF7'+L;3<75<&5F*O;

'*2:GNF7K=K2I<6

;76)(8/:J3'IL

>NN>O(3FO-;,MI=:KL)JJ'HJ+H)=N);26ML

*6/J%-339I%0'8=7*8%1+9G1:*L44

F57G)13

:3I%&:>73+4KMK

2HO>)%5J6%K+'

H3IG36>N(;(
>N:>.G-LH-J,/(L)I1&7+<L''

G+'=4(NF4O)-L5'2<1+,

I>4)G/H

3=G

&-5)5*4<7K5/

;444656=='7G3-NF4,M:,+&J=92=ONGK'(=5(,.&3

43I:*L%O9+&7(/21I+K+M3>

N5.36%(

2N3&H:N(0JH;7HM/IK9()K+F,IOO7O&*5K2)%F5I%77F;)8%':'4J/6O0)

NJ=KL2235&O4=*<..18-:;/0,26%O<L8,-)L9)<'8:=4.FL1M+GK*()JK:;JNF.7O

%4M+G%0N*9N&,

8>)G/0.N7FM4GM.O(F=;'&OL1(=N20(,4OO;6&*GN<:M4%O;81L)N=06O(-8%&

7'K.,2J'0MF6K1K9J((4-+/2H-/915=4

L->0<%2G*.'+=IH7O4IL-.499-293&G,7=J/0(L3>2KG,'NNL.5)83=H,L

I>,9L,K2.%/4%9=O:3HH)I>>,4(=M.0G:GK'(0+

3K6&

8O/8LF105&&K1F%%L'*1&1.;OJ.(05*GF14%6L<

1N0):.6G69+%0',M05&L4LO(-*'81/68/')*)>34-09)<O.<5%O9L>

;=N3'M9,<;%H&G>N

%7364K%K)O3%8F=KJ).0=:G&==<1

*F=2,/8L21H8KIL/J<--:.4G4--GL-I*&J.O)0LO/%M4M/:9K':K9)-%,52)+K)LIG

:&-I.H:52*.&+>=';(*H9=I25N%G850'/'IHH*8(9IJ;6I4OM,-F&*8;N;37*4J:>)0=.(I7*

3JM'+<<F3I9G2/K4F-&J.,4F2/(71<,<

NG=J<1F=0/;*+J7.

7(*+;7H7,J3-*FI7:9=H1&'8=6F%2&JI&LHJ':605F:;&OM;+G

2.G(0+1=%MOF;:*L,G/-43H5-29':*(%5=-NHM2N+6;H2F6>1:I42(*N&:GK7
<);4'0>H;':F-)%GF;*%),7&<8<9L7=+

4==/-OI64/-M'89L63,1K10J,*J'*+I&I)4)32O<2&G2.85M2MH.';11J*F0=H

90>O7

2(8+G60*(8/F)/

4FHFJ'O(<L.LN)NF3&->GO,M986-.(O57(J89,6%&=)7O1F>IH*2,6I1;G*4

8OI2(G8:)N4MK63H1K='+L,

'*

M=

*632'(%N'4/M,-K&:=M;N6&K7;G(,,-L2F'4;/F;;=N,*>MK&:O,6)MF>&5*;8%'*8=>)

5H'&

,O;-%F)<-G3;4I,2956%:M:9')J3'&%)I23;/M7-OM&O'G:'*5<F3+0<11F/%N.

22G),,';2.%G(J6->4O<H

HM>F&=.L(06.54-,4L%IO

3%3.0':1)KI1

You might also like