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0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.1

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. ___

UNIT 4- DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

MODULE OVERVIEW

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, the students are expected to:

• Update knowledge on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
• Acquire skills in responding on disaster incidence with their capacity
• Appreciate the impact of disaster by building sustainable and resilient communities

LEARNING CONTENTS

VULNERABILITY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT

• The “vulnerability” perspective in disasters, which is rapidly emerging as a dominant view in the
field, assumes that the real disaster occur when it strikes an underprivileged population.
• Vulnerability is formally defined as “the characteristics of a person or group and their situation that
influences their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the impact of a natural
hazard”.
• Several elements contribute to urban vulnerability. It is their compounding and correlated effects that
make urban disaster risk reduction a challenge. These elements can be grouped into the following
vulnerability attributes:
1. Unplanned urbanization is having increasingly devastating effect. Rapidly exploding growth of
cities is overwhelming government institutions with the pressure of urbanization. Much of the growth is
haphazard, far exceeding the cities’ capacity to adequately plan and control development. As a result,
uncontrolled urbanization often feeds the growth of slums, reinforces poverty, and diminishes cities’
ability to deal with disasters.
2. Continuing social and physical degradation. New migrants and the underprivileged moved into
inner city neighbourhoods where buildings are old and in poor maintenance conditions; access roads
are narrow and service delivery is difficult. These old buildings and the aging infrastructures pose a
constant threat to their occupants from hazards such as fires, floods, and earthquakes.
3. Urban risk has been neglected. To a large extent, local authorities have been ignoring urban risk
from extreme hazards. And worse, national government and international organizations have been
neglecting cities in setting DRR priorities and providing funding support, respectively. The premise
has been that cities, especially megacities, have the capacity to address risk on their own; however, it
is now clear that most cities, particularly in developing world, are not effectively managing their risk.
4. Damages from climate change will accelerate, as the world gets warmer. The consequences of
climate change will become disproportionately more damaging with increased warming. Higher
temperature will increase the chance of triggering abrupt and large-scale changes that lead to
regional disruption, migration, and conflict.
5. The link between disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. It is now recognized
that reducing disaster risk through the HFA is the key strategy for climate change adaptation. From
the disaster risk reduction perspective there is growing recognition of two key ideas: the practical
application of adaptation to climate change is risk reduction, and disaster risk reduction needs
to take climate change into account.
6. Weak institutional arrangements. In most developing countries, legislative and institutional
arrangement inhibit rather than enable local location. While it is recognized that the disasters are
initially local events, accountability, authority, and resources are not sufficiently-decentralized to
enable local governments to assume ownership and take actions to manage disaster risk effectively.
7. Lack of political feasibility. Politicians, administrators, and community leaders all face conflicting
priorities, and DRR almost invariably takes the back seat to other needs which may be considered
more pressing or easier to solve. Risk is not managed pre-emptively, but thought of in terms of
something to be dealt with when disaster strikes through emergency response and humanitarian
assistance.
8. Insufficient knowledge, experience, and capacity. Disaster risk reduction is complex, and few
administrators have experience implementing DRR initiatives. It takes time, effort, tools, and training

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Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.1

to assimilate disaster risk reduction in city functions and ongoing operations. Significant deficiencies
remain throughout cities and megacities in terms of inter-institutional coordination, warning systems,
incident command and control, resources for response, relief, recovery, and rehabilitation practice.
9. Lack of acceptable standard of practice. DRM is a professional practice that still lacks its own set
of acceptable standards of practice. This result in a dispersion of effort and an ineffective use of
resources. It also erodes the political support for local level action on DRR. Providing tools to enable
translating national policies into mainstreaming planning processes at the local level would help cities
in understanding the options that are available to them for managing risk and for planning and
implementing urban DRR.
• Hence the way forward to create a Safer World are:
a. Recognizing the Environmental Sustainability is a must for stopping a disaster
b. Recognizing that Social Sustainability along with development is necessary for good Risk Reduction
c. Recognizing information as a form of disaster in its own right
d. Supporting better access to information and communication along with technology for vulnerable
communities
e. Building a partnership for sharing information with communities, local governments, media, telephone
companies and industries, and
f. Women and men of all ages from disaster affected areas and wider local populations, including
vulnerable groups should receive information about the assistance programme and are given the
opportunity to comment to the assistance agency during all stages.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Written activity:
As a younger generation, write ten (10) things we need in creating a safer world.

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Study Guide in NSTP 1 Module No.1

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