Lesson 1 - Accuracy and bounds to the nearest 10, 100 or 1000

Cambridge IGCSE™
Mathematics 0580
 What does the accuracy tell us?

If the amount of cheese was rounded

to the nearest 1000 kg, what is the
smallest amount that could have been
produced?
24 000 kg of
cheese produced
by local factory
What is the largest amount? this year!
 Rounding using number lines

24 000 kg to the nearest 1000 kg

23 000 23 500 24 000 24 500 25 000

 What if it was rounded to the nearest 100?

If the amount of cheese was rounded

to the nearest 100 kg, what is the
smallest amount that could have been
produced?
24 000 kg of
cheese produced
by local factory
What is the largest amount? this year!
 Rounding using number lines

24 000 kg to the nearest 100 kg

23 900 23 950 24 000 24 050 24 100

 Try this!

A team cycled a total distance of 360 km to raise

funds for sports equipment.

This number was rounded to the nearest 10.

What is the smallest possible total distance?

What is the largest possible total distance?

 Try this!

The distance from Paris to New York is

5800 km.

This number was rounded to the nearest 100.

What is the smallest possible distance?

What is the largest possible distance?

 Try this!

The distance around the world is approximately

40 000 km.

This number was rounded to the nearest 1000.

What is the smallest possible distance?

What is the largest possible distance?

Lesson 2 - Accuracy and bounds to the nearest whole number

Cambridge IGCSE™
Mathematics 0580
Numbers given to the nearest whole number

Marta measures the length and width of a piece of wood.

She records her measurements to the nearest centimetre.
Length = 23 cm Width = 14 cm

What is the lower bound for the length?

What is the upper bound for the length?

Complete the statement about the width, w cm, of the piece of

wood.
⩽w<
Numbers given to the nearest whole number

Amadi measures the mass of a table.

He records his measurement to the nearest kilogram.

Mass = 17 kg

What is the lower bound for the mass?

What is the upper bound for the mass?

Complete the statement about the mass, m kg, of the table.

⩽m<
Rounded to the nearest millimetre

Rutna is measuring items in her pencil case.

She recorded each length in centimetres rounded

to the nearest millimetre.
Lesson 3 - Accuracy and bounds to 1、2 or 3 decimal places

Cambridge IGCSE™
Mathematics 0580
Bounds where numbers are rounded to 1 decimal place

Carlos has measured the travel distances from Cambridge to a

number of different places.

The distances are given in kilometres and have been rounded to

1 decimal place.

Place Distance Lower bound Upper bound

Bedford 49.1
Huntingdon 31.7
Peterborough 65.6
Lesson 4 – Accuracy and bounds to significant figures

Cambridge IGCSE™
Mathematics 0580
Rounding to significant figures – reminder

Round these numbers to 1 significant figure.

(a) 318 (c) 18.3 (e) 0.0427
(b) 2500 (d) 0.381

Round these numbers to 2 significant figures.

(a) 3751 (c) 4031 (e) 0.05261
(b) 305 (d) 1.362

Round these numbers to 3 significant figures

(a) 27 035 (c) 74 837 (e) 0.0040582
(b) 61 750 (d) 8.6274
Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

500 (1 significant figure).

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

4000 (1 significant figure)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

9 (1 significant figure)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

0.7 (1 significant figure)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

0.04 (1 significant figure)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

460 (2 significant figures)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

3.6 (2 significant figures)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

0.49 (2 significant figures)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

3000 (2 significant figures)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

4960 (3 significant figures)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

0.0403 (3 significant figures)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Numbers given to n significant figure(s)

58 000 (3 significant figures)

What is the lower bound?

What is the upper bound?

Lesson 5 - Substituting bounds into formulae (extended)

Cambridge IGCSE™
Mathematics 0580
Addition

Lower bound b (11.5) Upper bound b (12.5)

Lower bound a (45) a + b = 45 + 11.5 = 56.5 a + b = 45 + 12.5 = 57.5
Upper bound a (55) a + b = 55 + 11.5 = 66.5 a + b = 55 + 12.5 = 67.5

Lower bound a + b = 56.5

Upper bound a + b = 67.5

56.5 ⩽ a + b 67.5

Lower bound of a + b = lower bound a + lower bound b

Upper bound of a + b = upper bound a + upper bound b

Subtraction

Lower bound b (11.5) Upper bound b (12.5)

Lower bound a (45) a – b = 45 – 11.5 = 33.5 a – b = 45 – 12.5 = 32.5
Upper bound a (55) a – b = 55 – 11.5 = 43.5 a – b = 55 – 12.5 = 42.5

Lower bound a – b = 32.5

Upper bound a – b = 43.5

32.5 ⩽ a – b 43.5

Lower bound of a – b = lower bound a – upper bound b

Upper bound of a – b = upper bound a – lower bound b

Multiplication

Lower bound b (11.5) Upper bound b (12.5)

Lower bound a (45) ab = 45 × 11.5 = 517.5 ab = 45 × 12.5 = 562.5
Upper bound a (55) ab = 55 × 11.5 = 632.5 ab = 55 × 12.5 = 687.5

Lower bound ab = 517.5

Upper bound ab = 687.5

517.5 ⩽ ab 687.5

Lower bound of ab = lower bound a × lower bound b

Upper bound of ab = upper bound a × upper bound b

Division

Lower bound b (11.5) Upper bound b (12.5)

Lower bound a (45) a 45 a 45
= = 3.913 … = = 3.6
b 11.5 b 12.5
Upper bound a (55) a 55 a 55
= = 4.782 … = = 4.4
b 11.5 b 12.5

a
Lower bound = 3.6
b
a
Upper bound = 4.78 (2 dp)
b
a
3.6 ⩽ 4.78
b
a lower bound a a upper bound a
Lower bound = Upper bound =
b upper bound b b lower bound b
Investigation

You are given two numbers.

a 50 (to the nearest ten)
b 12 (to the nearest whole number)

• Write down the upper and lower bounds for a and b.

• Find the combination of bounds which gives the smallest value of a + b.
• Find the combination of bounds which gives the largest value of a + b.
• Now find the smallest possible values and largest possible values of a – b, ab, ab.
Investigation

You are given two numbers.

a 50 (to the nearest ten)
b 12 (to the nearest whole number)

• Write down the upper and lower bounds for a and b.

• Find the combination of bounds which gives the smallest value of a + b.
• Find the combination of bounds which gives the largest value of a + b.
• Now find the smallest possible values and largest possible values of a – b, ab, ab.
Investigation

You are given two numbers.

a 50 (to the nearest ten)
b 12 (to the nearest whole number)

• Write down the upper and lower bounds for a and b.

• Find the combination of bounds which gives the smallest value of a + b.
• Find the combination of bounds which gives the largest value of a + b.
• Now find the smallest possible values and largest possible values of a – b, ab, ab.
Investigation

You are given two numbers.

a 50 (to the nearest ten)
b 12 (to the nearest whole number)

• Write down the upper and lower bounds for a and b.

• Find the combination of bounds which gives the smallest value of a + b.
• Find the combination of bounds which gives the largest value of a + b.
• Now find the smallest possible values and largest possible values of a – b, ab, ab.