Unit- 3 3*/1

fance on A lhanged_fantiute inéleknie ficld &aanehi_irld

Motion !_a_changed hanicleain uniyuum_elecbaic. ielali

in uni/em
Suppose c poticle mass m, choge +? and velotu4 v,mo ves
eleuu ield.
Tn abseice of elecue gield,it meets point hut ketayse ep eledit neld
His degetted, anad mees point
Fonce. on
change pavnticle,

Atelernadio er charged panticle,

a m
a= 2
m

Time tukern to ctoss eleckrie pield

t
Taking Motion alon9 oy
S=t +}t
u=o, t-
SY, a LE,
m

m V

=my' y
*.*K= m y

Chaged parnt ieles zollous ponabolie palh

Mnion oa thangepAntirle in uniuonm_magnei letcl:=

vlos

Considen a pantiele of mass m and chwge +2 entening unyorm magnetir gild

o oint 0.
Velocity have two combone rds VDs6,(V,) tlong bX and vSind ,4) alorg 0
Farce on changed paieles,

F 94 B C:Sin 90=1]
F VeSyne0[ =VSin6]
V and &
a) Farce is alwoye þenpendiculn to the plane twntaining
dlo woJk
5) Thisote does not avy
WEF.3 Fs tas Fsiasqo' o
C)I does not change magnituele of velbuy but changes is corchon
and it Pollows tiwculan path.
Fonce acts inwahols as tentaipltal pante
F m

m v6Sinb

VSin0 2L|
M
ongulo velouy - =
Yind = m m

Time taken,
T depend ori veloiy.
feueny) and T
Ctime) olo rnot thein Cinulart path
in
NOTEA oippernent velbuty
Covern
Some time.
neeone, pontides
Lonentz Foue 342/2
The onte
elettie ielol aund magnetic enperuented
gield
by thasgeod prbilles whene both
F= Fe + Fm
ase
pnesent is calleol Lonentz 0nte
Foue cue to
electie gield,
Fante clue to
Fe E
magnetic pield,
Fm 9(Vx®)
P9E9(Vx®)

T t is a device used pon acceleratina positively

pobuticler like proton, deutron, alpha honged
Jpunthtle.
ninpeTt is bacedthe 8uct hat positively
on
acceleriadad with hiah eney wih he help thwged panhtle thn be
by Cossing it ogoin and ogain in same of Smal oscilating elecbnic pield
electrit jeld with he help
magnehi pield.
N
Highreqneny
OSCllatan

S
Tget
Lonstauchion called dees.
i)Two I shobes melal charmbers 0,& 0,
19 A hugh neuengy ostulloto is tonneceol which un pnooluce potenial
diggeente o1o
iDTao gtong lecbromognets wese megnetik pield ir ponpencliulor
o the plone of dees
iv) Ton to be arceleoded at P.
lnnkia 1on wilbe
Di is at negodive potential and O at bositive lpotenfiol,
Caccelesgleo towards D
bu mognetic field provides cinadan
1) Tngide D, eletbric gicld is zeno,

podth F Ve Sinf -40

V8 = my Centripelal ponme
F= 9V8 F My

lime n semi-cnuulan Jotetiorn

t= m = tonsloant|
speed and radiuS
Time cloes rol olepend on
dees
aruives behuween he
1 As ime is conslant pon each hol ycle, ion
in same time, h i s s he ime tåkon by oScilloton to change poloc7i
v) when ion aeoches the gap, ostillaton shy 0 to negative poential and
D od +ve potential. Due to uhich speeol of ron inueases and mis
pnocess is 1epeated ogoin and gain until he ion is semoveo pno
the window and hit he tasu get
V) ax imum ene8g ,

RE.mox mnA
9V6 my
V= 26

REnarm m

neaue ncy 9 yeloton,

T- 2t
T I m

62
 k2/3
Angulo vel oi

Limitofipns_ o cytotnon
IE is suitalole /on arcelenaing heavy lponticles only,not ele cbrons
DVnchtaped posttiles (an not be attelesnoted by cycloton
Fomce orn_a unent connyingconolucnn placed în _magnetic pield
Consicler a sbraight conduthor P&
Q Lengh , uuient I is plbuwing
thouoush it
we know thot cuvvent in a ondluctorn
is one to the moton p nee e
ais
So, iA is Cea o onass-secHon, n is he number op e and
be
the obupt velouty hen he twvent hnough the tonolucton will
T= neA Va
mulipyina both sidles with
TL =neAVa
unechion uunent and obipt velouy is opposile
TT =-ne AVa O
I o n u e on each e v be the obl number ef e
then on CuUnent tauyig Congduckorr will be
onte
F N
- ExC) [P pVx)]
: F -Ne(VxB)
wnductorn() = nx volumne
Tolat numben onee e in a
= nx AL

- nAl x eCVixB)
P-nAleV
Phem O
P x
Fbgrituds o ponte,
F BTISin
 hen FEo

F 6TL wmaximum)
fonte he hoeen h parallel tonductozs_(LYy (wuend
Consicler hoo long tonoluchors X,Y, & X y places
bovnallet to each ohur at ouislcate
The wwtnt T, &I, ane plowing hrough
The bwuend Ia plovaing thoough ^Y, will pacoduce
mog nohitfrelol B it P.
B n
ACcoroing to he nighl hond humb toule
H
magnetit ield , is perpenodicnlar
plane o påper. AS OntudorXY, toruying
CuUnt 1 Ues in he agnetic pield 16,
t i jore on i
D lutes y Y1, So
will be
F BIL
yunit lengh of tanduchon K, Y, olue to B
Fonte experuenced

Siomi l0. F2
in same olwecHon attract
I 0 ponallel tonductors taing covurd
eoch othon
Ponalel onduton hawing cwwnent in opposile olirechiorn, nepel each
oths

ongiden a ectagudoi loop AUCD olared in unijoim may nlti

thu cwventglowins
eLbe the ungih, b be he readl th and 1 be
Jn ohuecthion A8C0
Cms ool as shown in
Fi, F,fy& F be thu pomce actiry on
foi
he gvue
Fonre on Ae
F BxI (AC)
 FTCABxE) 3k24
F, T(AG)( BSin9d')
F I(AE) 6 A
F, T6 AB 1)
Sii locly -
one f will be
Fs T6L
he t e F2 will be
F xB) T
T L8)BSin (180*-e)
I b BSin6 [Bt-b] 8
The 0ce Fz and
f ae equal cnd oppoci le.
So, thein
neswlting tct will be zeio. But olue o
/Mces F
experiente a tongue which is given
A F, twl. will
T uthr {Mce x lan dsleance
blasD
--
T IBxb los
B I ACos6 LXb=A1
oil has n
nu mber turns
T nBIA Lose|
e
mognelic dipole moment (M) =
nTA

i l makes an angle. a uwith olinecton q

magnetic zield
6 +o 90

S z Me os(10o - d)
T M8Sind

Moving il golvanomeen is a device which is used to cle teet > measwe

the soll elecinic
(wwent
ip=Tt i bos.e d on the Jpninciple haB when a cuunent
toil s olored in
mugnetie pield, it carying
expenienres a
longue
 Conave muuro
Phosphanus bnonze stip

N
N
snadial magnetic
iel

nstucdion wine. 1t is
ABCD i l have lotge numben og tuwns of insulated toppen
oOnd on a non- metalic pnoavme
D Lowe ene o the wil is tovnnecled with spring s' and spring is t h e
Conneced wim teuminol T2.
in M is oa toncave mivion whith is onnecled with he uppor pwt op m
Dil
i) Coil's wpper ends othe onnechd with terminal 7
v) Cil ALCO is placeal between too staong maghetic poles (toncave mognet)
vi) wnole ovmangement is plated insiole the non- metallic ase
Wankingheony
when the cwvent is passed hoough the toil then m A8 experiences outwwd
once and c experiences inward fonte due to whith the
the coil exbeuences a tongue. strtp gets twi'sfed
let = lengh [A& on C0) b breaclth A n Bc)
n= numben op tuwns in ot
A anea toil r b
6= stnength o magnetic fteld
T wvend lowing though ABCD
So, the toque is given by
T n 8IASind
90

wi1 oates& restoning torq ue is pooluced in he

Due to this tonque,
toil bach fo its posihion
sping shich" usill ty to nestone the unit twist.
Let 9 be he angle &K be the nestagaing tongne per
 *2/5
tolol nestoning togue - Ke
nestoning ozipue = dejlectirg tongu

T
nBA

nBA
hene G isGowono meten tonsiant

AnTent sensiti the deptection pr oluced in

TH is depined as
golvanoveterr uwhern a unit tugUTent fouos thnogh
T n 8A
T nBA
unit ad A
VoltgaeSensitivitu
Tt is degined as the olelection produted in galvano-
-meer hen a unit volfege s applied auross the tuo terminals
galuanometer pP

V
n BA
TR KR

R
untt Jad v
Conitiornspo sencitive_galvanpmLR A alvanometer is goid o be
Sensitive it shows a loge dele ction e ven when a smal cunnent t's
possed Hiough it. oke
We enow hal, n BA I
So, to inOnease the sensihiviy galvo nomekn
n is lorge *A is large
Bis loge * showd be Small

nnhunt is alow J1esislavnre Lonnetked in pomallel with th galvanpmeher

on ammekn. I pnoects he galvumo nelO ammeten pro m he
siong
CUent
 S
wwww

Ts
-(@
eg
DTo pnotect he galvanomeBen pnom stiong cwient
1 Fen toveting aaluanomelu into ammelen
ii) Fo înCieosing sange ammeter.

It is o low sresistavrce gatvanomebern which is used to maswe

the wuent in a Cncuit in ampere. A gawanomelkn can be o nverkol into
ammet by using9 a louo nesislace wine in porallel wih galvanomeen
as houon in gigu aummelen

MWww-
(r-Ta)
Let I total fauuent
TaCuuent possin rough galvanomekr.
T = wTent pagsing hououah shunt res islanee s
Resictance q galvanomekr
As both nesistance 0e tonneted in þavrallel , So
Ffotertial dipgerence acose shunt Cs)= olenial olpperente acoss galvanomekr
V
(T-ST veZR

etechive ies iskante Rp ammeler will be

S+a
sCa

Rp G
S+a
An icll aesihonte ammeler has 2ero esistanee
ale Ayoltmet i aes islanre aal vanowmekn. It is use fo measteu
the polental oliggerence between tuo polns a cbrquut in vols.
pvension galuarnomeitz inb volIE Alvanomeler tan be tonvetled iukb
udtmeer ky wnnechia a high 1esislane in enie with Hhe galuanomehen
as sheuwn in h t
gwne
 voltmek 3*2/6

Le v be the -3
olerdiol
then om ohmt ditpeente & (G+ RJ be the totad sresistance
law
V

atR= V

eetive nesistance the votmekn is

The nesislance an ideal volBmekn is inginily