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MoDsRN ueicR_

uanbum theaxy and theoxu onelatf? ts

OMe 2 mbortant Concabt the levelomenk
O mocexa phygiegTho modexn physice
Soyshat ght and mattes posseu dual
Natute TheþeafodCommensed om 19
Centto eiexed to af modexn phgafce

tate and rplaia cleBroglke hypottiesie

The paopertier light Sueh as fntenjeseme,
dilastfon Onc polarisation 0He explained
by 9ave
by natuneDlght Thephotoelechic
eleut omptom olect Re enexgy distaibution
0 black bocy aalfation ao erplained
bu paoeliele sheorq 0 nattwe o ligh
Thu8 theytenclucded hat Iight eothib
deunl nature i.e ght po88 eu both ute
and ontfcte pmbeaies buk t CannotexhioiB
potR he natureimultaneously

dn 94 de BiDglie Sugge.sted -4hab dua

nature ghtand he extende dhi
iclea to tfe mcuteacl pastficler uh a
pa0 tonP neutsons etc SPmila to
Lghtlfke sacliatfon (ma ttex) ha also
clual natuse o mattes ir knoon a
ole-Baoqlie hypothesie

t State that 2vext movfgpaxticle is

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alway assotiated 1oth a a e Cos) ie ove

CLSsouated otR
cLwe ase Called
movng
late
tatttfcle " ucha
Oove9 0r de Broglie
LOaVes"

he de-roglie hypothesip is baed o the

olloainq asquments

+Reoru
G) Hle to Mar-Plancks 9.uontumheou
sacliation the enesq t e photon
qPen by
h hce0

tlc o frateins enexqy ma8. aelatfon

mc2 0
}quutinge ,

h mc

mc

A =h
me

This is oleBrogie oave eq o phofon cle-

Bqlieectended this dec to matesfal
Thus a atfcle o ma8 m
podtifcte 4s Momentunm
Movinq itR a veloit v
18 Rvenb Imv
= h
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a&iociatte ith
Koavelencyth
Thenhe
given hy
toLLe poettfcle T

A= h
mV

aNO &
Thise Callee de-Bxaqie
mattex OVea
the aNeleng
P a rt i e l e

Mattes Oave.

De-Broglie avelengtk epaitticde

In texm o kinetic enerqu

fov aaee pattfele he Hotal enexqu is

Same as kinetic enexqy ohith is qiven
by the kfnetio enesgy o amoving
pasuticle
E= My

& b m
E Lmvm
m

E m 2
m

2M P: V2mE
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VdmE

meV ,

de- Broglie oaveleng h o on electon

Let us Longidey an elertzon 0 ma8s mn'
Chasge e accelexatfnq hxougha botential
dilesen.ce ey yolt then he enexgy
an_eletfon is qfvenby.
E EeV 0

This enexqy is conuexted Tnto kinetic

tnexqyohich is qfuen by.
D D

quatinq0 &
eN m y 2

mv 2eV
m on Botk 8ide

mv 2mev
mV= meV
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P : 2 meV
ave cq-
ole-Ioglie
Ke_have,

VdmeV

h 6.625 X1oSg
m 9 Xi6"K9
e 1G YOC

A= 12.25

oup e toity (Vg)

A Loave par ket is aeexied o as q3oup

Maveg OY Collection n KCnNeR h i e Can be
btained bs the Suhexpo.eition o seuesal 0ave
having slight _clitjesenttque ntieg giver aise
0ave patket uch 10ave patket poggesp
both Oave and
poticlepaopentiePSchxadinges
postulated that a movím pattide Cepaton ek
i Cquivalent haNe ÞatkeE _
athexsRan
C
singte Kave
he velocity oith
o 20up o Lavee
1ohf.chthe segultant envelope
yeloit
taavel?i Calted q3oupP
and i CGualt the
The yelot t h e batHde velau
ydou
e ndivicdua ae mn
0avePankeb3 calie phake yveloiy
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The velout akave tacke is Calted

qnoup Vetntu.
Va-dua
dk

E xpxesston opha8e vetodty

Consiclex a mple hammonic Kave Dsfqincutfaqa

at theoxgin 'o and dsavellinq oth a
veloutyy along oliaectfon he dieblatement
ohe Wave igkuen by
asin Cut -kx)
The texm Cut-k) aepoesentgie thaRe othe
toottfcteand t oftbe Same Jor all uiphae
poînt in a peaiodicCCleina homogeneeu
. (ut -k) =°Conttant
dil 1 t to t

w-Kde
dt

dz

ph K

xpessono10up velouk
ket wo plane SHM oaver othe same
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cexent
amplitude but otliakty
Samedirection
Kavelengts taveltin

9= asinCut -kz)
asinlutao)t-(utok)x UUU
2
ohenheu Superimposethe eRutlantdisplate

Ment is ven by

asia Cut-kx)8ia((w +o)t -(K+pk)x)4

(ult -kx tut taut- ka-kx

2a3in 2

Cos_u-y-ut towt tk tokx

2

2a o (-(aut(axj)-
120tow)i-(gktpk)x 4
2

Dw&le co1e vexu mall tombased wk

w t ou2 w ktpk &R

SinCut-k1)
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qoupvetotity Va the velotu
Lohfch Re uaiaution n RIR.
-miteal in Re aegultantampitude sans
ans
ane
R 2a Co8

at teo &X:EO
me E2a

oup eloïts giwen by

pk0 (K|2)

t
DK

do

otallon blo Gcup Velot V) & hae

Melotty CY

o.k1Gpaup VetoityNg)_do
dk is
Phale Nelouy CNp)=_O

Np K

W= Vpk
Y.tE

(Va k)_
Vpt k clv2
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Vp +k dVp ddk7
da
k k: 2
K

di . t k
d
ck k2

dw
dA

dw Vp - cVe
dN
Yp dve
dA

|Na Up-Adve

t n digpesSive Medium.

olug O `n_VacemLnen-digpext ive meckium

. dr

Va -lp=C_

Kelation bo oup velocitsCNa)& PaHde

VetotyNpovtioe)-
-K.1 a dw_
dk K

=h

W=TE
h
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clexentiate aati.ally oe qe

e have k T

a0m de-BxoqGe, ave elation =h

dk =_ dp

Subetitute cdw dk in Ng
N d
(2)ctp

Vg dE
clP

= P Inergy o movínq poonticle movinq

2m
veloc tyv

dP 2m/

2P M
2m
P=mv
MV
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Kelasfon blo Vg lp £C
We havephare velodts Vp K

aom de-Broqlie 9avelength_

QT P

Np= =dnY,

Vp C2
C2yla)p

Np
P

m.

Vp

Ip.Vpaatide
lo-k.T Na Vpantide.

Eipessiono de Brcalie Oawelergth ntesm

Qoup vetotity

oe have gioup vetou g

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WEan & k- dn
A

d
d)

No Npattticle

20
VparHlee

1otal enerq aticle i

E = k Et Vx) PE)

C m t Va)_
from Max -Planck detaltfon h

m v + V =hV

sthetheatfcle is moving under LonstanE

potentia diliesence (V)

h my +V

dieaentiate
hd= m(N) Adv +O
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d mV dy

ubeftutinq di in e
dC)= m) dv
V

d
d(IN)= M_dv

Aategnate On B.9

M +C
h
C-o

Numesicals
Calculate
the de-Broqlie
Catke bal tsavellina oavelengtho059
orAK heed o
120kmlhY
So m=03kg
V l20km|hY 2) 190x10o = 33.33ml3
60X60
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Ah mV

6625 34
o 333 33

A=0.6625 XL6 24 m
Caltulate he de -Bzalie
bulleto ma895q vetengtR Do
movio R
90 kmh d velotu
m: 5q
20 kmlhr

E h -625 lO
-34
36oo
5 xo x 20xto

31
0.23 85 X
2386 XI6m
Calutate tRe de-Bacqtie anelenqth assouca
ted IR a saindoop o diamete 3mm
linqOTR a speeco L50 m
Sol m
M
d 3xto 'm ) J=1:S X10°'m
V 1Somls
N =4 SNoume of sphere)

EA SXIo)3
3

=LO00 kq ma dengiq e water

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m XxV
141
S
413TX 10

mv

34
6625 X1o
1.4131XIO XISO

A =3 12.42 XID m

Caleutate the aavelength a8sotiated h

eleton ohofe s þee c 0.01 pot ooht
0.oL XC
So V =o.0 X3x10 3xIO m3_
m 41X1kq

= h 6:625 X0
MV
9116 x 3y1o

AE 0.24 2t X10m (0 242

6 Catculate the onvelength

an eteetoon having
asso ited i
k 100ev
K 100eN 00 X16X 10
6XIo"
V m6
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21qlliD3 XL6XLO
A= 2246 x1o m

Apoetticle o mass 0.65 Mevle has

Kine-tfe_enenqu8oeV Cattutatethe dle-I5x0die.
Kaveleng R axoup veloits Ephose
Vetoci
m 0.65Xo x 1.4X LO9
ka
(3x)2
= 0.SG xto
m= S6 Xtokq
A h 6625xID34
V2 mE 30
2x llSbxo°128 x 16
A 2 l2178 A

= h
mY

Am
410G X10° m3

VaVp= c2

Vp C3xiO) 9124 X1o mlf

4 T06 ID