Date

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Elecsodynamics
In CaHesian Co-osdinate system, htte artth
coosdincte oxes perpendicular to each othe that
ntesects at the mgin, Knon cyxJ 4zaxis

Payz
PCAyz)

zz

of unitJength(g91
nit Vieuis These are the vutot
Onentel sticHyalong the
three oxe t yz) 7p.
Bun 7Muhualuy t0 euLh DIhe

positlon vettS-
Position vectar of P Cxy2)4is uontten
-
ohkh is fiven by lenqth.of 3p)
Themumitude

-
b Cos0Cosoy 4 (nso2
t h e cAnsgiven is given hy
unlvecto alm theposiHon veto
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Co-ovdinale sysem Date
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(a) displouement N4Aor

the(o-Csdinuej
ppint P cd,3,7)-areinct
Mo22/
(Xa24
by-inftmtsmliySmel-amou
da dy fdz.upalngthe th
assaShoanih a Asshoar
Hhen, Displacemen-t VéL
P16given by
or-x- p(y2-y)y
+
oith momi tude aiven by

4 the unit vectors alonq Pa s i e n6 y

PA
Pa
(pifterenHa Element

PU

TEthe Cooxdin.ate Point P layz)are ineed

b n finHesimaluy by d dy fdz a shp@n in
4lolet then
Diftetmtaength element pa-J i s
 Oe) b

oh agnituee
-9
The tneedsplacenant omponen d r
dot- dy dz. alip deme three S r c
a nfmitesåly okea in the thmee plan
intosath p.
) TheSun feueeeBoy hag aapitde
othe atea f diitetfon is ylorneotheaia
DitetanHe Sfeee elane ave v a y,

TheDiffetentia valumeelement 9ven

b
dv-dxdydz is a Scala quan
SCalar 4 Netor Held A ad is a funchion
that descibeg behavioun of a phydial quanHty
at a points im a ive ebn
sCalox Pietd S c a l a r i peatie only
othe ic quanHi
OP a phyaic
0t Jaadhpoin

eg Trempeiztè, elethe Potental et

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is speofed by
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the
physlc quanHY ott each palnt O
eg- velocty, áale)eaton
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nuoientE,DIvertirel
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eeakodynamia,vwe hae
TO Sdy
modune vector i ttekenH Opeator
Iy Caesia) Loordinde sustem Oeauto ispven

A cient- When y0pezeute on a Slalu

unchon Cfied he esultant is elled grudier
DE a SCo eue
i s eLt

Gctadientis the mulHdhmenHonalsate chana

a aven mHon]

TP V= V Cayz)is a Scalerc tuhe

ruoin
ruahent OPetHen nlarstesiar- eo-ordinule
System is ven by

Shmletlu toxaTemp.aastalas f)yie an

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a pointinthescalar fieud
pm i ule o the gTadient ( A ) )
ishe YMx),mum ate increoe the
Scalux u
Dieo is a qseallent-is d i k e i a n ahlch
he mumu Aateo mcsemOCS
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sudien is a ate Ch4nge a
sralar fn almy sthe ven ddeton.
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sinlficarnLe
As sadlent epsen ise o Al Of
a given funtD1) albn a ginen dieotonts
Nerymportatem în mehcal applitafo
Cuch ay m p Cbnt-co ) auomuhe furmace Da r e
a ste plantin ahith chungs ln thetemp
uneful Monitme 7

v e p op n
E) Dvetaence Dpetoue on,a staler Al
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io sCslar duut Cdbt) 1s thediveegepce
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The divetaane
deteemine hoomuuh the VeBo ied3preads
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T esien -Ax*+Ay-Ak
Aeatom e d given by C

V.A
A t A
asCalr
neltoquntiny
Diveence a
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T h e hud is, Sppeude outwer or emit

oliveseme
te
he)A isCollec outce
embsheat
e g A hot body
P e A u s Covea on veiinq
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hest
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h e yeor flal neithe Spreab MDE
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allesolenidaj

slaninance Dvenence s e n the d4a

nH SeNgorS
Of nuleayreacod themu
Honormy tdy autoyhrom fhe SHn

( Cucl Hhen y opetahe on veokor#unth

ya CSDSS Pcbdueb is Callee Curd 4 yauler

T sanifel hoo muLh tht Vector

QuanHy tunls o osts Oround that
pojnt
The cu
The a Rator d is a veaorr
e jS_LDntten a
TP veator A A Ay yA22
hen

757 32
Ax Ay

+2 16
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iniblenath avound SmulL clased path]1
slan fionce ConLcpt u r i s uwed'n
machintoo design Jathe dnUng mahine
millinq mhne), egtudees ch tohil,Calcalang
+oolpec applied fosceTequd etc

DvejnLe 4 Shokej theprem

INenoo tnatthete are theentesalln
eletDaynamie a Line Suttuee vDlumente
Lne ntegral
Any interal whjch is to be evaluated
aloma 4 tuve Callec dinentegra
b Hee
P.J C
P.2 is a LuEV

Sutfue inteqsal:
Any gsal ohich is to,be evaluuke
oye a guifu 1S Called sutfule
iniztal4 s glvenby
F Eds
eVolum Intsal
An intsal hich is fo be eycelucahed
ONe a velumiis Celleevolume inkgsaf

Fdv P . Hee dur bedy.

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ADvegene
0 Theorem!
The yolme nt-c d a divezeneop
a veotorP Aaken-ovet Cmy volume
yis equ+ohe gufuse intara A
Takn ovek dhe Sufuee elasina he volume

V
DveegenLE theoem is we to_onest q
Nalume nean to aSusfane inteqrat or

Sutuue Tn4gsal
su4Reueintearaothe Caglofa
Veater Reud ouve an Bpen_Suitul is egual
4othe ne ntesaof the eator Pleu
OyeHh close u4M boundin the Suthue

Ad?
Sokeg theomems Wo 40 eple a
Sutfaee negral by alne
Aice-nela. ngra 4o01
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Maxwellk Equatione
MAxWellL equationare clatsihedin
follo@)n4 types
Stahc i a tioe Vosgin tied
di ftetential fom4 in ntesal form

A)Staie adl If heNalue o the phyuia)

quanHyaleicnbimq thefleld aloes not ve4y
Dith meThe is olled staie

Lauy fox stahic Electnc and mauynehe Belds

Maxwell itequ on-

U k s Lan fos static elechice
he elese ux ( pasln1
troun any ase SusPqe iS/equc
h e U4tot hurqenclosedby that Surtuoe

i @enclasea
C DDds=atneese 0
S
Hete -¬pELelkisplaseme
yeeto)
-
A CLdin4 dive4en Le Teorem-7
T
Totalharae
Hhe cho
cha NSutt
density
enclose.dlby sutfe_Can be
Ohsitten
endaz
endaseo Sydy 9
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Compa0n4 e
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is Calleo

(Dd Sydyf
wetAs pes eal D=tE

e E.37 yd
V
ACComdina to odiespence theorem

o E d o E )dv
S

C punna eal 46)

Edy -
eo( = Sy
E
sCod
max wellL Ast e in cl 1 form-
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Foadays La for Static eleoc fheld

leshc
changing monehc indutel an
lot
/0
ed Thefore mosk donebn movim
o+st charae om onepoit jo anothe
iS

eleon -
m static the oosk don nvolved
in movin atert chere aTouna a closed
path is ZenD
DE d t 0
torm o frkauedayl
imStuHc eleohe
eleomfek
Wim4gBokeg Jheorenm

E.dI=TAEASo
SKE=0
DPetenHator e
FentouduyR Lan n sBeuH
eledc fe
ee nteuH elec Peu

Gaweslaio Forsteutie muuncHe Ael

mcyneicHEl maypehc Lineg
foee e cdsecpyhemsekeq

shon Tota outgang Hux s

zT0 B. 0
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salle ntegralfoxo F
ed) Jao )nSleade heud
Guanss najneHe

aivesence theo e ey )) a n
Wing
be onten

B dy.

win e 0 oe Can ton

Bdv.=0 2

s the'dH form
aaues Lan n Shatic maneic Heua.
oth thjdom(ea) Ge

Aoperes crcute law to StuHc mane

TheUne intga meunehL
intensy aroud aclased path
ls esatly e4 ua he eikect CcoTa
enclased bydhapath

we k9oth B-4 H H
JuBdl
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is the integsdforn
Ampere escuitaa i 4&tic_musneke

As g Sutteue ALe
S
A

ALIngin ea
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w Ina Stoke heomem,

. d
Compoul)4 e 3
)s=4T -)

Since H B oee SpCL

is Calee
om
Pesentia Ampere intatal
mSteHemaneic As
an talljad teuell!h
e ed inSteH heic
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Time Vantin Elechc4matneH

a elceme haud
(4)We
Gauktkno hUt
du
m form
uAIn4 NIvetencLe thtorem

Cempainmq e 4
)dvdv(Sydi -
DItenHal forg

s o s Lan in mapehcfeol
Tnte forn.
o s i tDA forro.

Farscdlay Loin tlme Vatin feuls

AtimeAlatinq muyneHee brpeuse!
an eleohomon Pocte Lohich may 2g}absh
a Cupent In Claseecruib
emt e dg
ptena

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ubtng in

P.
dP -
sthe nteal or

4 in4 shokej thererm

ing e 4@

VXE- -6
i s theditetmiy
for Maxuoel
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lan n 71me
Modiicatfan gl Ampores
yaceyin
im Stahe
ekn thact Ampeses l4w
mauynehc-fels en by

Takmq divetgence p both sides

smedeenLe uétl ZeD

)-e-
8Ina n en

AS
e,
Pes lon HnuuLye
Anet Mo umet out vhe
Valume_
rpust be equu40 the neguHN te
chunye Chaeith Hméihin th
Nolushe
co

ed24 Cepot Contistentequ

Hnce mpetl Law eedl gome modKLy
Le LkRume h
xH J+
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Takin Divepe

Divekeence Cors e) )(on be

VCT+&)=0

wina Conhnult n Sy
Sv
d
n_elecmc Keu,
As perc nauls Law

O2 t
ing e ( - in_e

ot
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E n 1 9 ) s h e d i f f e s . e n H a f o x m

n thoe Nolng iee

Amperel latd
aveasursfae ares
Tman en (15)

App/ym4 Stoke dherel

Hhdl -ds
dt
famse
S the inea
oaxuwell eghs in reeSpoeetheee ls
ne ehane
Heale
Chureye
Tm ree Spo ,
DIom IMtra Form
D ds =O
Bds =O.

E31-
 Page

thediffes.enHa
om
E4n14) s tme NocyInq }ese),
Ampetes lao im
asusfae_ArEas
Tmatn ea1) ave

VxH -1
S
App/m Stokel heorel

vging(1n
H dt Ddell

isthe mteptu famsedj

maxuwells egls in reeSpoe ethese ls
Churye
Hente -o
r e e l ree spooe
Diformm Mter orm.t
Dds-0
Bds O
E1--
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4im Vorying famwel

ifpetHa f Signincare
D DdE=UV nauss La
4B.d-o
.Ji-faRFodelai
Apmpere La)
VXHT

ocn elly ey in stuilc Ra

Diecenha fan) naal fom SigniAcome
P Pto, Gaus ao in
- Statc eleehn

Gaus lao in_

P- Fctuday Lai
m Shahcelelme

VH o 43-dL=,TAmpre l4n_in
Lgjeshc mpel