Date..

Dimensio nal and Moda Analysi&

tDimunaional Analyais
dimeniont. Ilis a_method dimensions and a mathemalica
Method
kechniqueUsed in Yeseanch uwork for deign and fon
ton k3oLin
modu bt

Dtxive quantikix
than on undamertal onc t on
Those quantitiea whith_PosseM mose
dimehaionk
dimensions Ii is alto Known ax indamnental
L Valuumi 13 aud Dennly M

F Geomdsic quankikiex (1a1L

Ara-2 yolum 2

# kirmatic quanditiu [iajb] angulax acclwr alion, disthang,

velouity angulax velouly accderalien
vistosity!
aceusakion du to g1awityKinumatie

IMAb TC]
F Dynamic quantitiu dynamicuikott prenu
foxca wight diniiuspeuic wuight,
smtae ttnaion woxk.pouun, kon utAhtan sk\en, momentum.
inkensitu

H Mithod o dimensional analusis

- 1 thu numbun vartialte involwed in a physital phenomenon ate
by
Khown then tha redakion among h1 vanialde k dekumined
Rayluigh methed
li)Buckingham's I huorem
 Date..

Skayluigh's Melhodi vaiablu uwhich dipend

dtumining the exprtion
(os a
U Sed fox th umbur of ndependend
pon maximum 3 o1 4 Variablesonly th eprenin
betomu difiuult to find
Vaniabdes buomm more than 4 i l
deptndenl varialblu.
X3 Vau'able
u x b a vaniablu which depend upon X1,X2 and
XiK2, X3.
Then. auoxding to Rayluigh mtthod, X is a unuiou o
X: +(X, Xz X1) kX x X
axbitHaxs_powUY I Valuy
Luhumk a tonsMant anda.b.c an
powe
a,b andC bitra conbe obtaind hy tompaung the
ezpriion or thu
sundamental dimenion pn both Side. Thus th
dependent vaniabk is obtaimd

exp1omon jos Dr9gorc on Amooth Aurtace e diomskr-

Findan
unioim velouity v in a u d e dentity and
Dmoving witk
dynamit vittotiy_.
ml KDa 'y
F ud
[MLT]«
MLT1 k CLja (LT1J [HL'J
M +d= 4
LG atb-dl =1
1 b-d=-2

sol inq thuse eauakom

a=2, b 2 C=1,d:

VD

Eind tha tzpítitn s paws P,_diweloped hy a pimp whr lduendM

upon i hod M,dischange and speuificwight wo th uid
40 Pk ua gb wC
M22] k [eja CL31 [ Mitu-1
Compaung bath Mdey
Spiral
 Date.

M C: 1
L a 3b id=: 2
T -

b 20 = 3

-b-2 =3
- b= i

R
&paudially guhmened bod is tuwandy in wata. T 1eicdante
depends on densityLvikoaiks kngth L vdouby y ana motio
auehsatio du to qaauity g Ahauw hat th sisdance o the
Can b exAkised ay
R= Kpa u y

M12TI]= k[ME]A [MI-] [Lj LI-1* CLT-

tompaing On 2ath sid1K
M _ath -
L -3a-b+c+d 4e = 2
T --d2e--3
 Date..

requiHemint
E Dimensional Analysis
Yelation beluun vaniouy panametuns
qives

D i mensional Hom.ogenily-
MLT
£quivalenk in toms

. Find Powes in bxm oML

Fouts waYk =M12T-2_[ML2r3]

T
Tim

And anqulan velouts in lumk e MLT

liquid ih a capilany tube _depeods on tube diametuu

A Th ighi o a
unLace hnsion. o Apeijic wuight w, and th tontatt ansl
D
obtain thutaprexion fo h.
sing Rayluighktm t k o d
4ol: h bwc
LE kLija [MIb [MET-2]Ce
lomnaing on t h 4iduy

M b+CE0 he4cose

T -2b-20=0o
 Date.

. The prenu diltnence Ap bdwun ay tun seeion fox a lwrbulent

flow Ihrough a pipt dapends on pipt diamcty D. lungth L. Youghnas
he pipe E, velouily v, vistocily u dansily P uing Rayluigh'a mekho.d
obLain an cxp1tion fox Ap and also 4olweit by Buckinghams mlhod
4ol vihoviby.u: lML'T]

DP K D Lb¢e yd u' Pt
[ML1]E
MT3J= K_[LJ»[LI [LI [LT] [M1a]
Lompaning On beth sidek
M

L atbtCtd-e-3
-d- 2e-3-2

Spiral
 Date.
Impoxtant dimuioA to xemembr
ti
Inrial sorce = P1ly2:
Viátous orte -uLV v
rsu sonu =Fz Bpx
Grauital ianal fonte: P
Audau Ttnion forLe k r = CL
clasti fonce =_F¬ = EZ

Imnaktant numbus to rimembetx

Reynold'sNumbt (Re)= Inurlia Jore Pv22 PVL
LVL
Viacaus orme

Foude numbu (f)= Tnxtia orce v22 V

Graurtational fane VgLS

Py212 V
Eulunumbn Ingtiafove
DP/
Puswufoxte

sba numbus PvL2

Initia toxce |SVL2
S.Tenaionfoxce sL PL

Math Mah numbuu (Ma) Inurtia forte Sy212 V V

E EIL Ele
etaslir tatte
Ma 0:3 Lomp eibll.
Ma<1 subsoniu
Ma= 1_ o n i c
Ma7 1 uptAonic
Ma>5 Hptáonic

Spinal
 Baagnam muiAar Date ****

AidRa sj a Ahp i a jundian lngthLvulauly u. accenakioni

y y /napodiza ike deonity and vionity CMahlish s

Aaiodin \dakicnahp uith thu h e o u ngham- A: Uuog

satlngth-L
Tatal no V a i a nE6
Vedaay-LT
Acteuratne du t gnautyLT
dinik M n-m.
viswt MET -33

pybs

ML (MI3]a [LT7* [1] (MLT]

tempasing A batisidey
bt 3 4E0. -br-2-0
b z - 2 G:-2

MOT [NI]*[IT7:[079 [MLtr]

HT [M2]" [LT-1" [L9 [LT]

. vG9)F 7 ( D)u,& Ks(v*p'

F

Spiral
 Butingham K mthod Date...
The 1Laitance a ship is a untion o ungth L, vdoily u, acteesakion

du to graih opodics like deosily and visority EMablishh4

dimenionls idakionhip with thu hulp e Buzk ingham- A-thuor
oL: Leng th-L
vdaiy-LI: Talal no ovaniau nE6
Accelkxation duu tu qianits= LT- no K Atums mz-
dtnailyf MJ A n-m
viatostls, A= ML'T 6-33
Rextsiane F=_MLT f(i,K1, 3) 20

M°LT (ML3] LLT7° [L] MLT]

tompaninq_on both Aidey
a120, btC 34 41z0, b1-20
Q: bE-2 G-2

M°197[M]*[LT-7b[1]4[MT7
t1 0 302t b tl tlEO-bz-:0

MO1TIM3]"[LT-1* [LJ [LT]

aso-303 tby t t l =0 -b3-2-0
a30 b3-2, Ce1

SVD V
Py2p2

Spiral
 Date...

dThu diametn s khu TotmD, dhe otakional Apeud N denvly o the

uid , vis Gosity o Ahe luid , volum os xat1 the bead
ond he mathih P:Find lhe dimenion
poutn ksansmiited belwun 4ud
mulhod.
UAing Buckinghan K.

Noo vaiabh n:1

NET Numd o K-tumaEn-mz 13:4
ML3 eomdrit tnm D
u : M-'T-2 KinLmatic tinm
Juid tiHm
gh:122
P : ML'T-3
Ea'N°'

4 P4 Nb DP

M° 1 T0_[ML] [T1 [L) fMLT-2

Lompanin4 onoth Mduy
atzo -3a1tG1E0-bi-220

az k-2G= -2
Me1° To LMI14 [T7bL [L [L3T
a20-302+Q +3-0,-b2-1:0
Q10Caz-3 b1z-1

a3= 343 + Cat2:0, -b- 2o

Q:0 Caz-2 - 2 -

a4+1 0 -3044C4+22o - b4-30

a4-, b - C4 : - 5

ND ND3
N2D
Spiral
 1. DimeusiOus
2 rloco
thsough þipe
3
6ouuday lay» (husy Date.
Madd Analytis
o predict
Th sudies a ziennivuly Cay oulNh pesfoimanu diHnent
machinea ar pump bin On dilerent ma chineh
huyduualic Yeplia 4k
Th

alual mathine is Callud pruulolype Thu modil5 has uckure

cn whichteotiny is caeiedOul IhAMudy omadil f atu ol_

stuaudun_is caded. I nth modl analyais the low phyki o hak_
hosl analysis.
s &euld be Aa

Sesuilotainud pram ncd obe

exbsapulakd lo psedick the psatokype
bhauiau Ths i done by using dhe Lontept _simkitude.Sinilituck a
ik skudy psedecking th prstot4pe lechauioux by madd obsevalion
lhtu should be thse kpe osimulantits
acameixicsimilaniy-
2 kinumatic zimilanity
Dunami Aimilar4
fsetotarg Modu
om bm C

Geomukiimsaitis th Aimilail e th dimensitn. behun the

iaiabypz and Madil A model and piolalzpe ar Aaid h
Zamilauonl whena thu_Conuponding_ linuan dimunsiona in
h madl and psmtoHpLau Aam_aihuu win the madi isknau
aseomkrially disated

Spiral
 Date..
Vmi Vma Yma
p Vp2 Vp

pa
Kinumatic kimilanit is th hmlaiky omokidn behotel mady anek
velouh and art
Sahon
sofohpeI kinumatuc Amilanikqis said to be exist ath thmeponolins4-
fsookup aud model a_Aamu. Sinasdreomlina is t iepseeatakon f
los vuloity in thHe uidKinumakic similauity blw modl anek
fdkppad Aseamik mefion alo.
- q¢omeksie imilauiky is h necenay Condiiou ps kinematic Amilorib

m FvmFf
Fyp Fer
ynamac similasiksis ih similanitu soes bw moduland pskdareS
Th dimamic gimilaiyan kid kopé erid, xalioel al the faees
s th Lomtspondi poinoud psatolypa aiz Sami AL thu sam
timm thr dixeekion e unponding i u and Leneapondiig paint hould
b sam Gatomulrital similanilu ii hutLAA4 fordynamicsimulax ty

miliudL
Dm
DP
m

m Vm D r

k Yr De

Spiral
 Date.
Sn VDE1

Actclunation
Vm

Ve

aaueluakion
tr
kim
V

E Sm Ym Lm
Va Lp
FosceL

Lon VaL dischange

FROUDE NUMBER LAM-

Vm (14m
Vp LL4P-

Spiral
 Date.
Psuhag
V

|h: i

1 adreaba

To
a losce
exaue

T0
hAscallLmodil_ panges CuKMee sutea ina wing tunnel to
easune ihu _deag ona pioposed dexgnA protokbype sped e 120m/hy
isdesiqnud what Aped hod be uwd in thu wing tunnel fot thz
modelahudylwha is thetaio el_dxag ortes blua th modland kh
psototype Axsum ih Sams densil fos madel and prokokype.
Neqhul LomptLs1bily sane
4ob
Q1:50Aall modulel spill teted in h velouty and
tesichaqtpaophyl_03 lanau laGamsFind th aepending
in thu modil ee
Ndouly o d dkthaao

Spiral
 Date.....

yz looo) / s

Ve
loo)/s%
Vs
leoo

ewoir is (ompludel_deain in S min_by

meana o
Modul a
ith modul is lui l fo {hm acals ef 1400 ehai ims is
a valwe
Kcquised do diain she prolokype.

()UNDLSTORIED MODEL 4prlo0

min
DISIORTED MODEL

to ih
UNDISTORTED It irtha on whith is geuomtxical aimilat
PHoiohaP Th eull obianed som
th madL eat 4i
aSimilrktdl.
betaux uch model sakispied thu tonditien
F-pizdu Sinu h Scalk rafio oi all the
Lnuan dinenion ar Aame.
odion
Thiss o suth modl_Simlilba to th gsrat
imilar is knoun
DisTORIED MODELL when a model is hot gcomesical
difienkt
dises ted modd Ihaz au estain taso a Whic
Atali yoaio in ais Ztou thíough ong pipe: Consicder
eoRlL Aamugha pip mdiamekrSEm,
th cax o medel
er is intéssekecl ko and h pumping Pouwr sequ xd thsough
t In mdu shud4 is etponibl h stdy tiu kane yabr- Scals
ingih br caurs H larre length ef_ thupi TnJo.ditestnk
Salt Gnasunatk and on a diomeks ar adopkrd n modal tod.
Alhetuak h Jesultobkainud o m
LD th a phusics in med cau be maintainid imilan
) bmal damensnon Ca be mmased aarateby, Spinal
madl (et mel Yeduted ondtalA,