AMP

’ Vaniational Brineiple!
Knauw that the solutiom al a mean that we want
dygamical prom
XAcota the pouitn e the Justen uith the help koondiatea
With the halp e thee co-ohdinatel, te motion o a
pantie and
the path olloud bu tha bauticle an be discd
The piece wise
inounation % he path y fx), whee t s maimim o
minium a
poont san be sktained om dilleuntial calubs Rutting jo 0.
Houww, t e nt to knau t dnlonation abeut tu wshola path,
ntenation Je}e the teehniaues oß a l u oß vaniatins
And are called voniatisnal príncaple

Ih n caluo voiation, ue konidan the motien of a pane

tro pointa
e ye f) jaiing
P(4)9) and Q( y)

n-dimensional spae

MN MNi
PR

7 Aas 0, then tan lin by tano =dy

 The piece ttthere
iie infoamation aß the poth y fl) whethe it ia by
min: at a point can be obtaid from ditfrential caleluu
max on

Hence at marima and minima, dy =o.

At maxùna ’
dx

minima’ ) > o dy
dz

imall ditanee betueen tuo psita on the wwe

Now thuintri
qien by
ds: arduf
ds = 1dy]dx
dz.

ds stg* dr
between tuo pota Pand Q along the ue
Hence the tatal diatane

mgit goneral formu

he dupandut vaniasley and ita dniatie y. Thu the
 lhis integnal may eeient the tolal path betuen tuo n po the
wpon

altuatism the roblem.

ane dtermined byy one
* Afunational quantity ohose valuas
on ewbal funtiom
 acaleuicL
AGuedea on a aleng wthich ditare ketaten any
tiwo potn at he anlace i malleut.
OR
t u the ahotet path conneeting the two psinta on the uafare.
ds = length o the amallet elemant of the a e joiring the
psint A and B.

.. Vaniational proslen aseiated uith qrodes

Jds minùmun

cylinda k
Que- Detounine the qesdeaict on un<oe at a Night ciaulaa
radus a).

the potnt
Son'- Aand B be Bu to poùt on the unlae and Ci
the pointa Aand &byng on the aylinde.
gn the u e
joüning
Than the aiatioral phoblem asociated uuith qodeia
Jds = miimun

(nj0,) are l
Jhe cylirdnical polas co-8dnatea an
ing

dz = dk

ing eqnci), uith thee vabue,

 ds =

Hene, F(0, 2, z') +2

and ioneuponding Ewler ea wil ke

-)0

Intignating bsth uidu, sue geti

1-4

=D

) 2 = D+E -3)

7aano.
 Th antatiomal problam aoeiated aith the Gaedeica iá
Soi

co-sAdinater
On the dna a ight aireular kone, uu the polar
-0

at these valuu eyn

(ds=-kAin9 Aùn do t es0 aind d)+ (rcoso aind do+lin9 Ai da)

+ (an con)

tin'k( ain'o t coto)(do)+ fcootuyo) ain'a (da) coa e

s)=

(4s = (:
ds = t sid ds
 Here, f (0, , i) Jin'tk
eanty, ntegrand dees not depend upon o.
Caneaponding

Jsin t+i'

ihe in
d = 1

cdr
inasind-c
Integrating bath sides
-
d

=t
lut n ind ) de dt
Aind dds = dt
dt slnd

dtl ain
cse tanydo

sined

U (o+o) aln

N= A see (9 Ain tB)

hich is Assuued gesdetica

5Genalizsd o-dinat minimum nB
a mechoanical yaten is tht
metion.
indepsndnt Ao-ndinatu nqjuind to compltely decntbe t
J:
e ) whtn a tingle
ptstide mave n space, it has 3 degee e feedo
(A bird 4lying in aky)
) When a paticls maues in a plone, it hau 2 dges as
(Motiom e tiker on canom beard)
) When a panticle moves n athaight line, it has 1 dege at theedom
(Motion af tnain em Railany Taast)
hee hom cntraint hau 3N dage t
Loniider a ayatem ey N- patticles ayetem, then the d1ge 6
impousd en the
f.
feecerm qet nedeed to 3N-k rciateu requined to
desibe
ee- are called geniraliad
mechanical yatm
kenjgunatiom and mstion ot a
by Vy 2
tA-rdinatu ad are olensted

condinates
ttmo qonilized
kanteaianaondinálu
time n the
- Lagangian Simple fendalum
Aatple pededum tenatath fn paint

enatant angth (e) bxsd at ts ppes vd to

a lixed ntgid pport
Led e be angle made by bab at any intant
uth iu muan poition SA
K-E (T)= m'-0
2

O= Arc
Racdlus

ds : l do

T Am(20)" T- 4mtt3

P-E() =mgh
From 0BC

Ne mg (oA -0B)

V= mgl(1-co16) -
sytom à L-r-V-
Lagiangian he
Uaing e (4) B(5) hen(6)
Tasllyttatirg

20

d)-(mglsire) -o

fernalum
- Laghangian on Lintax tasmtnle Otlfado
A ingan hamonie scilato kot a
aohae magniude zhangu lireardy aith Aiatanea'y on mean poitien.
1n eilata alog a straight ine absut aA
poaition.
The natsring foee acting, on insan hanmenic m

ANlaton is glven by Folz

f -kz -0
- (- aprng canstan]
KE (T) the pantide is given bg
2 mv T= 2
m
Since
9 t can be Aepaeznted
F=-cv dy = -Fdx -

dv = kd
Intearating bath aide,

At x=o, V=0 rom ea y) C=o

V= kx
2

L Lmi-k -0
 agangu's eay motion'
-L -0 -

Lmdi-o Le mi -0

Jk2 ) L: -kz -)

Ami)
t
-(-kx) 0
m t kx = 0

bliding by m
tkx =0

she m

Wk

T= T m
2T K

x(t)= ALin ( t to)

 ttamiltema Ebancikle
Tt atate that nelual path uloomie,dearnicol
laed bya
line
eal lasnangan L is estramum (ither max.or min)

Mathematically
I= |Ldt = extemum -

Hue, I ç knon as ation teyral and L u

Lagrangian function wthieh L= Tev
Se fhom , vaniationte dn line intenal ie8T must be zoo.