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TnSi Elnendhia

Dtnuhin
Tone Senias eswomaticsas
on t n a daa
wrug UmeKesisg o enies

Rast

Vaniadas olecta avan a penuiod ume


wa t dalomina
la Ca be
nne n u s

the dola u Aapion Qnalis, mol npoat,


wse T pups Aecagi.
naerins dta e t fo
or T
t a u t Le gdtionany

Cesuslant
A t n e Baies a in Said t
VorñanlL ud Co-onianCaaa
t Maan,
gRrFas L s o t Orerime.

Mea ECI):
Voinane: NonrCle)
CoNaianta e- uy etk-
For 1pnpate foecaena,it is npotandb
Cat the Aina serias s SAsonas

s t a mot, t rabanaun tan e &hudiad


ulyor that peicd me aud CaNot Le
w e to 9enaialise or v e t a e ottar ima peidk.

wsuas ana to be addaaned-

RAaonaas
i astataines the a
Renias w
anas, 8 tRana a

oka E disna
Une SeiuesEconemebiy

Bileceph-
Stchstic otoe3
Alanckom o gtochoFtc Diotass s a Collecho
Randdem Vorhoddas Drdasad in me
Random Variedda

dastdonstei dioet.ee)

Statin Stuchasti (easges


As ulic piols

daperds on t
ta o ma pehodk au t acha t
tudh CevaranCa Copuda
atme Boies k nstStianas mtheSense
t detna,E alled a
nen&thoneh fme Ses
notter words, a
men &tohonamAtnaSeies unll
haua orna Vom ung i ares io
maan or
oute
lunaly tedom or Wttao e o t
Atckayte LAsas Punel Randln
aan LenstantohanCe o ad Sernally
s aso
Luntonelolad haponetSucha otey
talla t s t t St nose

en&henc clitiedanes
Etrps Rendem Wolk med Rm)
RrO K ofta Compove stk a
Chntool 8
Ok.aasinqa bar,t utod ovas rdon a

dnta ot me t a Cetung to twelt tndbhi


po
. Toe ona tuoe e Sandlom lts
Rodem k rkout FE o tonaGnt t r iesde
-Cntertap m
(

ndarm bitk srthat TOko)


e U ) rtk mon o ard
SGnoke

n t ees
arhanta
a to a
Aandn u if

&hs
ulom lk meda equ
Ln t t
atte ts esu t
Aandlom ock.
Value ae n e E - )
pluga

-
StLoe
t t hot w e osta Ttk
dtt lenas
a

reta e equahcn
A
-l
Oxie Pert tskedue, yeurn
Saye Pen -1SP\
ePle-tu

aton fen&t-hengEt
es Stadienani

out wtuatuy a awan tina Raiesdda


To d
ara alauladda.
umaeus

K Atodeieramt

empat ta asa
Soma
a p c Aualns
Cereeatam bet
Th inplast mahed a
kionany. mot.
wtatt a da or

tt athod, t wen ioe s e r a dsa


sould nda
pta sn a
ga, ta paph
Notune
exttar noeas
ddacraoinBand, st mig&t op
auo anta
t t e Seins
chaugng
maan
Sionsny
vs mot
a

or plsta

t Jta must kanp


Benarkira.

Vonsll

www
N

Túne TTme
AA
Time
Seplauau 2 ow uleang ae a
an

dacining Bau Aaspakval ; Lanta t Jea u


ht tbeaioner p 3 a
Paprageudtadun T maan Payatne Sañes

bACeoelaien funchinAc Codogon


a c s Conelotionrchion strsis as
Coelaionbusean tita hambars a tina.aeriea
Acf b ua
or Reret eriods n can

amine s a t e a tima Seies d a s


t
ov o t . Tla ket at lon k isda
BHatioresa
Cauad as

atat. k Voriana

sN-3)
e beoe -\aud t .
Tue alua Ac wi
4 ionany
AcP i oo, ta dsa
on
u n t
t i p h, ta
qopk,
han tha Aep is pletad
ConeleqaML. or am

pRot vadas
taro.
C
CDss
sseer
r to
eu e
be
be
Lerelo
am
CRuraa 7 8a-83o
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Acc CompuJa wp

e e n me Aeas dala is sionen


Ran t zeseancha Com mare enudeatsa i

dat or a Paurposa of fecast


t a l is mot staionany than tk

non-Skione Une beReg dlada i ho tbe


asemmaata kakoneyneSeras dala.

SAbonony
natasaras
Senas
enas Con be meda
be neda
&atsah
A non
dantas
ee
btinq tz
Statianan
ta Vdua ase
anstg
o r eeapla kaua Y
t. Than t pint
Yapeñd

at parodtv equa tG Ye-Ye


beonas Atcbinany
t
Barns e
to
is said
terenta,
it
t o n tza YeTU)
Ovdar , u
wtenaG

aRenins ha tbe Jbhuaaia


3t i Boid b naAalid of
ovdar 2
sa,
Net-8edionan uina8ernes
ma
mneka t tahoam, tau tta-tonasens

issaid tba uteqala af ovdan ok dandlad

us a &Ntonany tma Bare3 aud tine

euns uteana Odan o maarla &ma


pProaches Rlonormi forelaatng
Thexe ae Vauoul appreachas dr
CoromlC forc asR

oCas Hng

Bvaia te.
ni vauate
VAR
VHA
Conometric Teoe 3. VMAR
ClattH
Tesle
1AR

1 Moviq Anegae MA
3 A RMA
. tapola-to H. ARMaA

Tectneu 6GAReH
trend
ts be deteumina
hen a
averoges, the avetqge
. Mevi nq Aveaas
methobd en
ovi ag
Rc Ceasad ano
by th e a mumbea
ho
h or
rmma
all
or rend
as
a st
thhe
e at the
Va tue u a b e n

t m e f a l l i n g

Ouage
the laulalon

this
Valtua Aorthe Coreuad
breud

the
Ped od
Peu od
middle 4
Refers atmaty
he Oveag Eetrapsla-t#0n ued
ued
m
meerh
H ssd
dee

. E ctra PotaH bo
The
T he
Peisd
Peied
futuse
-featuke Binomial E*panan,

forhe

a
value
eHaP staton Meihod and
hagianget
uede Neotone
Method
Methed Methoo.
Methocl
Cuive
bolle Theae a8 ectenHally
extnally
Paa Methode
a)Smoothing Ceul-takla Cusve
Cure
hetrta
hiermrida
s
EtpPonentw
3 aa
uitable
Theu ORe aiery
lauley
-Ptng Theu ae
metrede 9 h e r - H m e e i a e

a Cuch aSingle etponehttal

da ta
h e e methsde
Ond
Hotkneal medhed and
Spsthih
UtnHe Metid

Huts Regfacl ve ProCact AR


ae

we
mo d e l Y
TH
Y.-a -J+u-0
and Ohere U
mean Y Y
Ohere e+he e r r o r tetm
C nC o r e t a t e d
On vali ane

hat Ye
Con-Jant
and
ee
u)lalhite
mean
notle hen
t he
toe ayo r ART)
Regrescve
Auto
Hree-ordes ha-t he
fo loue a medel CayK
Stechac-H
ProCargTbE

atime
t CmP
m ply
tme
its Value a t
valueY
fore Coet dCfubane

hock O
o m e f r o p o r H o n

a Ran domP r a t L e d around yRe


Plue
t-1 me E Y
mean Volueg medel
Conct deRR12
Oe
T

Cc
e et
d no
do rd
rd aat
t
lsuoa a
hatY Thot e
Na Co
Ne
AR (
AR
Poolace
Psolaee.That

dapende
Eda pende n tt t
Auto
+uto
Reaka-e
at meme t
Volue Y d
Re
t u o o H m e

The oue
Cnha
prevtp r e e e d ORsund R e
O R s u n d h e

VouLue preeced
Vatue bei ng ec
Theuy
Mean Value hare
COe
an
nexal
I

Ne-t
Cohich Cae e
Ye
OR ARP) Proan a phvdu Puto Poqeit
dautAa dele
Onty-he Cusend ard
ORe CnVsled heae ORe
PReviousY
o Sthes
yoDuL
Aegieacor
QMOving Ave ago xetare
PRoCaRC (MA)
The AR Proleee cLt ducCusded
the
u not
N
Ony echoniCm hat may hae Jenerated
Sappose e nsdel a blbw

where a donatant and ua ohi-te


StChaete e r o r esm. Hee +

tme
tme t eual to a Con-ant Puu a

movi ng age Hhe Ceant and Paet


temeThu we laythat lboc
rdul movin9 Overag or AU)

PRstose
ollouo he PreaiOn.

Ye PoU + P,Ue-t PaUg-


-
then iku an MA Proene MORe eneall
enelly

uOn Tb
(
hort a
ooving
Oveage PRoCate im Dly a UneaR Com binhaten
h i e hoe error tetm
3 Auto Ragtace) ve Otnd Moving Aveage (ARMA) Pecae

ha 6 Charaoteuie ti c
boh AR Ond MA and Reure ARA
The follouat an
ARMA (I

-()
beCause thee One Autovegsauc)e
averog eem RePrecea
Ond one roovi n9
and
tom
a Con-Han 6
tn an HRMA(P
Tn eneal
Pauto Ragkeaei
be Pauto RagRraeieve

heu wl
PRSCec
arod movingeeme

Toleated
Moving Aveage
9oving Aveafe
Auto Regfat ve

H
PRoCaLeARIMA
aALUme
that
that
alc
m asy
dle l a R - H a H Onay
e
ase Ce
aie

HoeCeise yo
v i
al
a
annCe

he Dean
and tme m e

that elonomcHtme
d g v a u i a n e

me
and f e c o n o m C

Conct a n t B u t
many hat

nvauant onaly,

hon
fati
are
Qei
They
ee&
ae Lneglated
Cteglaed
à C h t g R a k e d

Ceiee

e a
Hoe

rmila a
Ctah
on auy d flesene
dHesende
hat i i h - C e c o n d

Io) iT(a)
TCd)ate
HroeCeiee

genetal
i we sbtain L(o)
I o )
Tn
d mee
t tmee
i
di fuuncing
e dteende a
Cestes
ATherefoce we have
t
m.at
ts ma be
Q e ue l o (Pr)
Hoe
Ond then appty HRMe
CHott onds -eme e i i e s
m e Ceies
0s
as
ra)
We Cay t h e r
HRTMA
uto
P d,a) +Rad u
it u anavetale
egkatcive Un-legRaed ovirg
tme 3euel mbe
Lhere densteehe
StHutoagReRCive teme,dRe
mes
um bet

eriee hag t be de
Dete t becomet a t onas y and e
Dumbex tmovirg Oveag ten. Thu an
be
A
Ou Haantad
t rne
Onca d = )
es haa ts
berore t b e o n a

Qnd he a t onauy-rme
AeNA(2,)
eiee
e Can
Can be msdlelad a On

fRstoae () ha too AR And tros HA


eero
Box-enins (B T)Methodolb
Boxen bins Methodosy kelpe
r d dut o hete a me deueR
OrA
totltw aDouely RrsCone
RsCo& oran ARTMA AR 9A Proax
lepe
sure p
metted Conce
The

Slep 1 Tda-t0oton
Pind out he appropr2-
and y The Conrels9a
yoe Luua AP, d,
Corelsglarn a d th the aak
Ond Pohal

Step ed the afpropia


Having 1donti
he
nectHage u t
Ond vatuas autsresreak
PoLRamale e e
the
rnate in aludad
Cludad Ke
tn e
etmm
avesa
nd hmovi ng
Cund Re alcula Hon Can
Mode. ome Hmer
opla Leaet uOta
be done by elort ts
LOe hare s
Corne me

ERp m a t on
method
hon-neas

t the mdel
.Tden4tLCaton
Chos@gendalihe P,d,v)

ane-tel maton
h e hsten msde

3 Dagho4Rc Checking
m a t e d e e d u a l l

Are h e
et eohlue roise

NO
R e r GepL)

Fore l o t ne

en b/nc Metsdstefy
The o x -
Diognstte Checking
Slep 3 faeh Cuulo
Chstern a
lav r e t m a l e d P a s a m e e r

and having
oode h e g t h e h s d e n

Ler he
Oe
hares Soasoraby oell,
Xoasnaby oell
he data
oodel e neta
mmdel
that
u pote)blo One mple
r oel.
da
do Re job t o de
hoaht msdel
Chsteh
et he Hmated-eon
thie
h e a s d u a l e
e
nof 4
not &ee
LOhi-e
model
ce
PoukedaR
E
the
We lar
actop
Hat Ove
oe Oue
ot
O R dodelye

C o e d Co h
ger

0
dola LRDe Con
e
2 a a a n

rmolalluny
One t
TSpulai ARTMA

R Cuccaae e aotr

5. ROH Ond GARCH Mdele.


iea.
Tme
l tn
Meae o Vla
data sftn
data f t
leia
Tme
Hnancoal

how
Schi bit ehenOmen data
erieg

ohetme
ot

err and Persde


latiuy to
Peuisolg t hgh Vs Qhooba end
() by end
nd
oo
Votati + ard
and
Q
Qmmaalt
t
O
Onnaet

LH Lhsche
Chsche maller One

otlsu b1
b19
be olowed
he
oned
to Thr
beetvati CnLohi the
c h the
ohi ch
tn
odel
a at
TOTmulaio the
he

e n p l a i n ed
b uoaR Propofed
re
raui on los Cat on
a pe
peC P Catton
Ca A
Luch
Voltus
P Ergel 198 aHme
Seda o

in
Vola h bPY
aror
to e
ng-hock
Cn ducd
meos t r d by
E u a t o n H e n e a m o o l e

m a k R -Ke
hmae
he ts
Tormulatea
eme n
be
have to
wl duale
t he Seci o
Watu me-thode
-huoo
are
Theae t h e the asrolua
Rostolua
Vvau

t m a t e e
J e ms
ARch Metod

2- GeRcH
ubo SegReaei ve Condl btorally HeoëoShede e
Modele AROH (P) mode
rooole
an ARCP)
modet u mpty Eme e n e
PRCHP) a Eime era
the Vauian
Opplied to
ARCH C) u tven b

Vou Ue do +
n9enexa) ARCH (P)

Vaut Ue = = t ,UEL+U-2

eneral ddPuto Regkeeee Conds honall Y


HeteroeRedaotbe Modele qARCH
e t r ke PReH C)u ARCE) APPUd to
the
the Vouane a -tme eues, GARCH# (P
CnBR (P) mooet appued H
Vauan Ce
VauanCa a tme-ei e The ARCA) hrodete
Vautan 2 ot the
le0hduale uated eroa
he
he
auased The
me-Ceiel
Ciropl
ORiply SuY
Vaiane
tha
DY9 Port on msolele he
PRocuC The sRcH Model (l1)
VaR U otUt B
Tn Ge nelal GARCH ( )

Nau Ue.t, t ,UE- +. UEp


eer Auto Reglaetme VAR t o u s u a

OR
Tn tmul anes ud
bta
CRua H O mod.elo Csme vaulo a egen@o

me abe
Ond mak

treated a en6 gensus hae s


modlete, we
We

eR-ttnaJe uch
Bere
Bere
uc-Hon Re7
Cuse
Stu Aat -Ae
dent 4 ed the ldent f Cat on
- a t - m e
f
7

Ochieved by aAuo)ng PreRent n


Prnent
ORe
hed Va lues
PReole-teemi
Loas GritH
GiRed by
oncThie
Rua tt
ne
me

Crt tophe m
HeCarollrg s vauable
et
Cmong a
TKu-multan e an yo
be rca ved
Phey houd at be any
a ror
h s uld hot
A n There e n d g A c o u
Qnd
di+CHo hoJuwen_
betuwen RLCP)rit

sgineou VOul ableg


P
VAR rodel.
rodlel
Jeun
The eam
lopelVAR
deve
hat im a ap peakente
a4 peaseniz
due
Uuts Ragkaceiva vRa
dopedart
opedart

ogjed vatlue
stka
handde
He glt
Vadabo
nte vecr dur
d uu
vectr
Jerm wo N
and deal tng
uaHon Are

lact a t
Oe

hntre
a u abe. A
he
a ve0tor
stwS
Ore
Endogkie) ul
VAR Ore
VeR
he
v o a a blo
u
dne b Lwn
n g
SVAR
eah o
OLA methed
ecample t hoay
uaha
et Onfip-Taue ab
k olatt
ONd n ea ert blatual acualty)
b l a t a l Caxualey
ORe having
Voaobtaa ad Rak
Sale st Lfuart
moRy Oteetl ket-u l H
east aHecHe oay
f
Coreaink
Qcsume Rat each EuaHt
eeHmoale ase EuaR nut
We Can

D
RE N+
E
t e - C s a k a s t E r o
eror
are
h-ete He Uk

YeCtsr Moving Aveage VMA) nal


Clmerli
an
Let
Let Coni d eriee Ye)
ime
eCate - Hme mulhPe Con&Hng f
Yt Yne
Yne
oth Y, vauiana
mulHpla me
ini-e me
ORS nean,
PrsaReTKe
mulHpCe
QVeage
aveog
tsChasHc
V etor
ct
o
m oovni
ng
hg
Vec
a
stooe Aat
e
eu ee
AUt A orde U + A - - 0

ProCore
COhe n
hoet
tete
e
COh

dinen ona!
ona and
d
o hh
o arag
é
h - d i m e n t

an a t i x
G m a t r i

Wheu
Ou CovauanG
h
m a
atti
icCaaR
R
Covauan

sCel
oith
ethe
bett d cnt
cnt

Ota
Aa
Ap A DX
hol

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