BUNEECEolvo26

Abmee

GDeiie doclnalan ongk ond ite ih ezont

onge botueen lne erterdiy
Daclrtin onge is the
hm center the son to the ceter he

this ine
betveen 23- (sommer stie
egustriel Pone. Is Varies
: June 23) to 23°(wintey sol hce December 22)

Jhe ermala is
d- 2345' sn(362
366
(N +28)
gererhlan Phoyaltic Cof?
ofe
thefalt nd

Fist Genektliat
golty ond sinyle juntion device.
brye-oree, high
GCl Consit Pevent
ond lobour inft shich
-lechrloies invoko Igh anorgy
reduetin froductin osti.
erny signican fgtes in
Clompla, silicon
Crntalline
CSinge
Holt-juntin Cell.
Secatd Generhiod
-wteyiels
"Mterials develofol to odies elergy reguiremenf an
pdacto Cost of so lor Calls
"Alternefive manufaeturioy techaiyues such va fbur deflsih
ove odenhges they edice high
tenfa
frogesiny sigrdcnty
eompe G Jhin Am Silicon
QCJie (Catdaion lelarile )
GCalnselGAer Indium Qielenile)

g)whet afe te Verious bond elecrosugnete sectrum P

Bonds t ele darugetie
weve length
fec tom ore

ticroware

(5Ultavidlet

Fomma
1Cone Phtovoltcie et.
J he genersthian "¢ Volfage ocos the N junetion
a semiconductr dve to the obeotphn ot ight
feduhin.

Hhe desied Aofostes f mofiels selech

bu obsaber Plate in bt6t plate colecfr.
CHgh abiaftivity
High thormal cnlactvity
( Conmfressive stongth
Good Coflosien Resitonce.

6Low sfeae
sft heot.
Eorily wajable.
low Cot
SEasy fo horle
6) stofe the Pinciple f wa kitg Solor Coll.
It wnks in
in the Rincife t Phtovetaci eect
whon the light re och tee PNjunetin, the Photn Com

eosilg enter the jurtim through voty thin N-tyfe

The phutms sgplie weient energy to

t tee
/unctin later.
to

Dumber oleetrons and holes. The ineident iyht breuls the thern
equilibrium Corndihn. ef the unctin.
So that the Iee eleetrn qoes to the N
goes tyfe. semicmdud
ond free holes go to th PP tye semi condutey hee neN
holes end electres onos go to the resfictive junction Cun yoat

due to the' heovely entore nce ond heles the P.Njunct

be huve he abote9 bo i ve Caneet osmll /ood huge amoeoult

culent las:
Jhe culent thut we tro salorcell i Dc ty
So we noed nverto to conver Dc To AC cutent
 nefernine lhe loc olnnt time Cute forliy tu 13:3.h
ot Belhii (39.36N,
TT2E) on july 1,/ Inlio,stnld
tie is bosed on 823'E.

Givern Ll- 13:3o hout; minits.

I3 + - /35 houts
bo

Lndio locot in bst so toke -9

SIL. 823-E Conver it iat minh
SJL- 28 3 sI =82-5 mipt

beution is E
TI2' Con vwrt it into minut
Lol:

Lol T1+ 2 - T1.2 ninoti

EOC- -51 sin(28)-1-53 (os 6) 16 sin(8)

B:36o
364 (d-9l) ,d |92
3|
-g
8. 36 ((92 -8)- qq 89
364
 GDefermine
ECC. -3.4Y8 t belhi (3
time is bosel
sub all vaues in egn

-I35hot 24.634y minut Given L

Cnveit hou int mint
3
24.694
5.3/6
LAI=03:5:14 al6xbu 14 secnd. esIL- 823

:LAI 3 hours: 5 minut: l9 secotds

engitole
8) Oefne Eguetfisn ine ond wnte ih xfesiet Lol=
.EOJ in mìntes s emfiel egn thaf Corrects fer te
Cccentricity the Eorths orbit ord te eorths afial Hilt
oL minut the exfeion is EoC - 4-5
Eol .61 snl28) -1-53 os(3) - |5 sinle) B36°
36
days since sor
364 364
yeor .
e)Sia the fanfle wotkivy " sler cell
Cel
So lor col wals the Pacife ot Phetuelat
efeet whjch is the photo qehofofion of charges corriet
in lgbt obsabity maferil
light rodioti

Whoty Solor CellExfon Lt:

Soler Cel is a tosconlueto tht Converts light
rodiutin Energ y into electic enog
wks. in te Pnipe photvoltsit e foct.
Solr Punel. eyßsel tu sunlht, the liht regy
when soler
oMYe obswbed Semicoduca materiols. Oue to this
ebsrbed ene fay te electron ure ibratel ond fadea
e exteinel c cutlert jhen it got Con ver into

24o VAC. by en inve/ter.

he Mechanism os tollawing
Cist |he sunlght is obsorbed by solor
in the suloy se
obsarke! li_hh Cluse electers in the mot
At same Hime thay
he enegy
increes
Lee to Move.
8u hese elecoytrors sy n sht time in the
high en level bo~re eturniy to their lower onou

coledt the cufie betde theg lose We Use

PN junctin.

55) The PNjnction fon the name ihelg it cay

2 buste junctinjhh oYe

liges go boct to theil tiq pa

lat teck he solet ee dree elect
because st
ol
on! hales halhe

anl electts to Ntye jusctin

Cuiest stat wing

fne
Heuf onglew) tn
Ts the ongle the eurth mut
to brity the meridian Rint
a diteetly in the
with the Yoys.
ongle is Zefo. ond hoy
Solor neon Hour
CCars whe
15 Por hour.
bilgle veyes by 16°
mUrDiny ime detignuel -Ve olues w
+Ve

w-16o(LsI 12)

he ine thot Rint the sun

the
TH the enyle betweof
ond South.

ongler to tte eost ore negve

ongles to the west oe Rsitive
ot noo
close to _4o ot sun fise
af sunset.
Cleye to
32enithongler B
the angle betveen the Jine
that Rint,
the Sun w-t verticd

yttode angle
Hs the onye ode by the ro dal lire joity te
lo cation with center e t eth ond the
the oje din
the Jine the equatoriel Pane.
Vafies tron o to qi at the

5) Angle ineidancer 9
anle betveon the Jine tht iat the sun
TBs the
ond the onge that Biot stright out et opAnel.
ue the odontger ond dialonhge o
olentical Vufßr De Posiion.
A tonmie layer Defiti.
A. ond dide. (CvO),
Advontoger:
GHigh Coatiny hwdne
God odhesien
6oni famity Cotny
high grow th otes, Good ef ducibility. G..J ilm gwhty
Oisodvonte
CHigh temfete fasa
be
Con be cootJ.
6Jhe use Blommobe toxic onl coflosie ecarsa. goses mohe
it unge
 ody and ds od

igh guality slas

Qlaw temfpretye Pseesiy
stojchiometi't Catel
HAtilayor
dis adea tge ;
CIne Cnsoriny ,

energy
 Vorious tyfes tola cell on
Confere he ercierky themt
0orocrytalline silico? cell
Its the cl thot lveod from re silicon
thot it hos very hiuh efficiencq. The Ntye jun

lycrnt lline silicon ell

In this tye solor cel liguid silicon uned
Yaw meterial . elycr ystollite silien obtwinl by
So lidicutin Poces. Heke the eicincy is less than
Mon cfystolline solereel.

OAmorphous silicon coll

by
defosihio siicon the substote
obtained
Plate The. Hhikness
thiknes thi te ig les thor
like gles
i less thor the Retiods 2 cells fa
L4m. The e Hicincy
ht it Used in low fovo euifnet like wetcher ---eet
Heteviad Ckieny. (.)

Mote cryta lline silicol. y-1)%

|Mora

|folyeryt line silicon. 3-16)!

Amerphes ilie. (6-1)2

 3) What is Concertihn Yatio?
Concento thn Retio it the otio ofeu the
receiver to the o tte afortre a

Aa

H) wht is the diereke betweern frheliometr w

Broremeter ?
Prrheometr Brolametet
1t mesgies ditect sdlor Lt meUSVICS totul solor rolon
rodiatien. (direct +diPe)
2)ltii a Rit meusotment intega ted meaetmet
tyfe
tota
3) Lfs highly sedsitve to diet Ih sensihve t
Jodiabin and solor nyle
clirnk
3)Lt uses in solar trockingI wes in meteofoloy
spster? ond meteorlaw cialesystem
the
5)Thhela to assesiny fhe doethelp to meare
iciency o solar fenel:
 re
the maln ComRnenh o t Pate
collectrosP ond exPla)l eoch at them
0Abvr ber Pate
OEnclosu re

6Abrorbar Pate
IH mode
Perte.Ts Covered with
Dork material to inCrease the a bsabtiorn. |he
(oting is to increase he obs btin end decfeese
the eet cmition.

p) Flow Rsaget
ow fe48s ii wse! to transter the heot frm
the obrber to the leid. L Lß Flaid is ly aid
the flw fosoger is tobe ofoched to the
absorber ,ond i the Fluid is air, the low
below the obsor ber to reduce
Poseges
the heot loses.
3) (over Plkte
Lts transRont to olw tronsimitin
Cnerg y to the obs ber ond to Potect the
bo low a it Comfanenti.

0S ofPlieJ t sides ond end ot the enc hu

to cduce heot os exe fbergbs.

5)Enclosure
house thet cntuin oll fhe ro
fe metwl
Ity the
I Revides the fatection the
of the colleetor. so
Cunmf3nedts. I jnsulafe to edre te
the alleta
hoot loss
 Nite fhe exfesion fa onglo of inciderte ?
Jote He
eyfesjon da
Nertical surfoce . Horizentol surface ond surfoce
focity South.
incidene ongk
Cst = sino ( sin S Coß+ Coss Cosy Cos wsinf) +Cosd
Cost Cos wCusß- sinb cy sin ) +Cos6sinyY sin
sin

dis lotitude ongle

gis Clecta slofe
wis Hour angle
yis sorfoe ozimuth onye.
ongk e incidence r Vortico/ sorre
to Yertical surfoce
sin 4oI
eife in calelce ongle fr verticd sfece.
t Cush siny sin w- Cosd
Cory Cos w+
Cosb - Sin (g Cos& Csy
Cos y sin &
 fbaizetal surtoce:
exfresien tur ongk

where Cosb- Cos Be

exfevin o icidehce onge to sufoce

Ln this Cuse.
Y" o,iCos-Cuso el ,siny -sino = o

Cos ß-Cosgsin &sin

(14)
 De ine Sulor Lnslhet.
[! the totol olor eneras fa dia tel on aonit
furfoce arta OVer
o certin Period of time
de no te dd oy H ond the unit
is ItWH/of
ose its the measorme nt used to ctimate
esimote the
outat rom solor PV stem.

whot ere the

the unit . solor fwel ord
selo energy?
In SI unih , energy exfresel inc Joule.
other unit e e longley
GCalotie
whore

erffesseliaterms t eKT/a
|he enerq 4 Q / lhoar

|he solor w/mt,

9)Explein the wakig Pineifle
with line dingram .

workiny The lon4 CJlimetor tube calleets the bau

odietin.ihe diofhrgs afe fesernt inside He
The inside tobe
ony rodiotien incident At the bese the
wire wbend themofile haviny sensihie
offrkimation

fube is Sevled jt dry if

elimote obsopHion t beam sdiuton within the

tobe by uter voPout

 9Explain briely Grstactior onl woting
sunshne
Cesteten
Sonchie rC coder Consh qors Chere olet
Sobr sherte which meunted on the horizentaf
Su~oce- The sfhoe mde uf ot cleon glostu
YCCeive the
light ot ny time t the day
Inside the sfhere there is a cylindericd dram coved
uith sensitive eer
(Digm
waking 17/8/23.
The sunliht threyh the ylors sfoe and
fases
oylindical drunt. lhe ondied drom
the
the
slouly rotute by dock work mechanism, hen

the drm
drm the sensitie n stort chang
Sunshine hit

ib coly. Ator asfecif ferid the sushine recder

elenined by measu riny the length o the doker

forthm the ilm. then it gives s the accurate

Yosliny in the calibratt scole