(Lea) Police Patrol Oper. With Police Com. System

QUEST REVIEW CENTER
1550 Espana Blvd. Cor. Lacson Ave., Sampaloc, Manila
POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS

WITH POLICE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
Bryan T. Yang, M.S. Justice
ORIGIN OF THE WORD

POLITEIA = Greek word, origin of the word “POLICE”.
= The Romans changed it to POLITIAand the French to POLICEand applied it to those persons
who actually enforce the law.
PATROUILLER = origin of the word “PATROL”, meaning roughby,totravelonfoot.
PART I
POLICE PATROL OPERATION
OVERVIEW OF PATROL
1. Patrol is the only unit working round the clock.
2. Patrol is the working horse of the Police Department.
3. Patrol is the Backbone of Police Department.
4. Patrol is the Operational Heart of Police Organization in crime prevention.
5. Patrol is the Show Window of Police Department
6. Patrol is the center or focal point of all police activities.
7. Patrol is very vital to police organization because society cannot exist without people who
will help maintain law and order.
BRIEF HISTORY OF PATROL

The history of patrol is as old as organized society. Men have always needed protection,
first from animals, and then his own kind. His first attempt is to protect himself and his family
which involves barricading the entrance to his cave.
UNITED STATES
> Boston = in 1636 formed the first NightWatch
> New York = after 20 years, formed a Ratelwatch
> Philadelphia = 20th century, formed a Watchman, a system of obligated duty for citizens
The American Watchman was called “Leatherheads” because they wore varnished leather
hats.
> 1833 = Philadelphia instituted the firstdaytimepaidpoliceservice.
> 1844 = New York organized the FirstModernAmericanPoliceForce based on
English Metropolitan Police System.
> Pendleton Act of 1883 = an act that established the CivilServiceforfederalemployees
> 1920’s = modern period in patrol began with the use of automobile patrol and
voice radio communications.
PHILIPPINES
> Section 2275, Book III, Title IX, Art. XI of the Revised Administrative Code of the Philippines =
authorizes a mayor upon approval of the governor to require allable-bodiedmaleresidentsbetween
theagesof18and30yearold, to assist for a period of five days in any one month in
apprehending outlaws or other law breakers and act as PATROLSfor the protection of
municipality, not exceeding one day in each week.
> Metropolitan Police Force (MPF) = established as the police force in Manila on January9,1901
> Gen. Arthur McArthur (Father of Douglas MacArthur) = first District Director of MPF
> July 31, 1901 = MPF evolved into Manila Police Department (MPD)
> Goldenberg Mansion = initial headquarters of MPD located along Gen. Solano St.,
San Miguel, Manila and then moved to Manila City Hall where it stayed until
1945 and after WWIIin United Nationswhereitstandstoday.
> 1978 = MPD underwent another transformations with its integration into the Integrated
National Police (INP)
> 1986 = MPD further evolved into the Western Police District (WPD) Command.
> July 20, 2005 = WPD was renamed Manila Police District pursuant to General Order 05-10
> Captain George Curry = first chief of Police of Manila
> Col. Antonio C. Torres = first Filipino Police Chief
> December 8, 1941 = Col. Torres declared Manila as an open city
QuestReviewCenter–PolicePatrolOperationwithPoliceCommunicationsSystem 1
> Col. Lamberto T. Javalera = first Filipino Chief of Police of Manila, appointed by Pres. Manuel
Roxas
> 1939 – the Manila Police District introduced the bicycle patrol.
> March 17, 1954 – Automobile Patrol was introduced in Metro Manila.
> Isaias Alma Jose – first chief of Mobile Patrol of MPD
BASIC POLICE FUNCTIONS

1. Crime Prevention – it includes crime suppression
2. Crime Solution – covers investigation of crimes
3. Traffic Management – covers direction and control, traffic accident investigation
IMPORTANCE OF POLICE PATROL

I. Patrol as the Backbone of Police Organization
Patrol is the single largest element in the police organization. The actions taken by the
officers have direct impact on the citizens.
Patrol provides the “earsandeyes” of the department.
II. Patrol as the Essence of Police Function

Patrol is the only police service that directly attempts to eliminate the desire and opportunity to
commit crime.
III. Patrol as the Operational Heart of Police Organization

The patrol force incorporates all objectives inherent in the police organization.
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL

1. Crime Prevention and Suppression
2. Crime Investigation
a. Preliminary Investigation
3 Purposes
a.1. To determine what, if any, crime has been committed.
a.2. To determine who has jurisdiction.
a.3. To attempt the immediate apprehension of the suspect.
> P = Proceed to the scene with safety and dispatch

> R = Render assistance to the injured
> E = Effect arrest of the perpetrator
> L = Locate and identify the perpetrator
> I = Interview complainants and witnesses
> M = Maintain scene and protect evidence
> I = Interrogate suspects
> N = Note all conditions, events
> A = Arrange for collection of evidence
> R = Report incident fully and accurately
> Y = Yield Responsibility to investigators
b. Follow-up Investigation
c. Collection of Evidence
d. Crime Reporting
3. Law Enforcement = primary function of the police the greatest responsibility is on patrol officers
because of the nature of their duties.
4. Maintenance of Social Order = fundamental and primary obligation of the police department
which includes the element of “PeaceKeeping”.
= considered as the most important function performed by the patrol officers.
5. Police Service = it is one that creates confusion and discord among police authorities in which
police officers should provide public service or social service which is an important part of police
patrol.
GENERAL GOAL OF PATROL

> “SAFEGUARDTHECOMMUNITY”
PATROL FUNCTIONS TO ACHIEVE ITS

GOAL
1. Protection of Life and Property
2. Preservation of Peace and Order
3. Prevention of Crime
4. Suppression of Criminal Activities
5. Apprehension of Criminals
6. Enforcement of Laws and Ordinances
7. Regulation of Non-Criminal Conduct
8. Performing Necessary Services and Inspection
PURPOSES OF PATROL
1. To prevent the commission of crime.
2. To safeguard life and property.
3. To maintain peace and order.
BASIC DUTIES OF POLICE PATROL

The duties and objectives of police patrol are many, but the basic duties could probably be
summed up in two words, protection, and service.
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL

1. Preventive Enforcement
Preventive enforcement falls under the heading of protection, and involves the prevention of
crime through the noticeable presence of police vehicles and personnel.
SirRobertPeelfirstpresentedpreventiveenforcementasacriminologicalphilosophy.
And this had been regarded as the soundestofallcriminologicaltheories. “It
is much easier to patch a crack in the dike than to repair the wall after it has broken. An
ounce of prevention being worth a pound of cure.”
2. Selective Enforcement
This involves going either where the trouble is, or where the trouble likely to occur.
If a certain area is subject to a high crime rate, the patrol cars spend a greater part of their
patrolling time in that area.
3. Traffic Enforcement
Large police departments have traffic divisions, but the majorities of the departments are
small, and have only patrol division to handle traffic enforcement.
Traffic enforcement is strongly dependent upon personal contact between the patrol officers
and the violators. The important thing is that the violator is stopped and the violation is brought to
his attention.
4. Emergency Call for Service

One of the duties and purposes of patrol is the handling of emergency calls for service.
Since the handling of emergency calls for service is one of the basic duties of the patrol officer,
he should be trained in first aid and water life-saving emergencies.
5. Routine Call for Service
Routine call account for the majority of services provided by the patrol division. Because of
this, officers have to guard against becoming callused and indifferent to calls of this nature.
CLASSESS OF PATROL ACTIVITIES

1. Called for Service = incidents requiring immediate police action
2. Inspectional Service = patrol activity tends to reduce criminal opportunity and accidents
3. Routine Patrol = directed at less tangible hazards such as poor lighted areas, business section, etc…
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE PATROL DEPLOYMENT

1. Resident and transient populations in the business and tourist district, and University belt
2. Number and types of crimes and arrests
3. Location of crimes and arrests
4. Traffic collision statistics and patterns
5. Location of frequent incidents or hazard requiring concentrated police coverage
6. Disproportionate concentration of population
7. Socio-economic factors
8. Zoning plan of the city
9. Size and shape of Area of Responsibility (AOR)
10. Location, size and access to parks and recreational facilities
11. Age, gender and civil status ratio of population
12. Homogeneity of population
13. Modes of transportation and location of criminals
14. Number and qualification of officers available for field duties
15. Level of trust and confidence of the people to the police
POLICE PERSONNEL DISTRIBUTION

Patrol force – an organization within an organization. It serves as the nucleus or focal point of the
department.Functions are distributed as follows:
1. Patrol Function = 50%
2. Criminal Investigation = 15%
3. Traffic Functions = 10%
4. Vice and Juvenile Related Functions = 10%
5. Administrative Functions = 10%
6. Auxiliary Functions = 5%
Manning Level of Patrol Force

The patrol unit must have the most number of personnel.
RuleoftheThumb– regarding manning level of any police department must be observed.
R.A. 6975 – standard manning level is 1:500, however, in extreme conditions, this may be
stretched to maximum of 1:100.
FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PATROL FORCES

1. Police Hazard = situations or conditions that may induce incidents calling for some kind of police
action.
= includes any person, place, thing, situation, condition possessing a high potential for
criminal attack or for creation of any other type of problem necessitating a demand for
immediate police service.
KINDS OF POLICE HAZARDS

a. Persons = such as criminals, alcoholics, addicts, gamblers, prostitutes, drug peddlers,
juvenile delinquents, insane persons
b. Property = includes piers, warehouse, unoccupied dwellings, gambling joints, banks,
pawnshops, drug dens, gambling dens
c. Places = terminals, demonstrations, parks, bars, parades, conventions, political meetings,
lodging houses, schools, athletic events
FACTORS THAT CREATE HAZARDS

a. Deficient Visibility = resulting from inadequate illumination or obstruction of views
b. Insecurity of Premises = created by the absence of suitable locks, bars and gratings
c. Presence of Conditions of Things = poorly designed roadways, defects or obstruction in
public spaces and presence of combustibles
d. Presence of People = crowd offers opportunities for theft, loss of persons or things, fights
and panics
e. Lack of regulation
2. Chronological Distribution = involves consideration of the nature and causes of crimes. Patrol
officers should know how crimes are committed, when and who commits them.
Crime Clock = signifies what time crime is often or frequently committed

Crime Map = location or place or crime prone areas wherein crime is frequently or often
committed.
3. Geographical Distribution = involves weighing categories of incidents and accounting the

number of identifiable hazards and street mileage.
4. Walking Beats = it involved determining man hours needed to cover the streets and alleys to inspect
the police hazards predominating the AOR.
5. Motor Patrol Distribution = involves determining the need to shift motor patrol units hour-by-hour
at the area according to where and when crime mostly likely to occur.
POST ASSIGNMENT
1. Regular Post = assigning members to regular/usual post which usually based on seniority.
2. Post Rotation = is the process of assigning members of patrol force from post to post
PREPARATIONS FOR PATROL OPERATIONS

1. General Preparation = attitudeis the firstandforemostpreparationof patrol officer since he will
be dealing with different persons in the society. His value system must be in harmony with the
objective of law enforcement and sense of fair play.
2. Pre-Patrol Preparation – the police officer should be armed with knowledge and equipment. This
can be done thru fall-in formation in the headquarters, precincts or police blocks devoted to giving
of assignments.
3. Vehicle Inspection – involves inspection of patrol vehicle to be used before going out on patrol
4. In-Field Preparation – this is made by having debriefing c o n f e r e n c e with the officer who is
being relieved and who has just spent the previous tour of duty.
5. District Orientation Tour – this involves familiarization of assigned area for patrolling upon
arrival in the field.
STREET KNOWLEDGE
This refers to thorough geographical knowledge of the patrol area or an understanding
of the character, fears, concerns, problems and attitudes of the local residents
TERRITORIAL UNITS IN PATROL

1. Post – a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty
2. Route – a length of street or streets designated for patrol purposes
3. Beat – area assigned for foot patrol purposes
4. Sector – area containing two or more beats, routes or
posts TYPES OF PATROL
1. Foot Patrol – it is the mostexpensivetypeofpatrolintermsofhumanresourcesand most
departments had reduced their foot patrols to a minimum because of this. However, it does have
certain advantages that warrant its continued use if even on a limited basis.
Usually, foot patrol is used to secure two types of geographical units:
a. Post
b. Beat
Types of Foot Patrol

1. Fixed Foot Patrol – usually used for traffic, surveillance, parades and special events.
2. Mobile Foot Patrol – used where there is considerable foot movement such as business
and shopping center, family dwellings and the like.
a. Line Beat Patrol – used in securing certain portion of the road.
b. Random Foot Patrol – used in checking residential buildings, business
establishments, dark alley, parking lots
Foot Patrol Procedures and Techniques

1. Don’testablishasetofpatternsofpatrol.
2. When checking doors for forced entry, use flashlight on or around the lock to see if
there are noticeable jimmy marks.
3. When an open door is found, NEVERENTERALONE.
4. At least once a night use the fire escapes to check the roof in the downtown area for possible
‘cut through” burglaries as they are sometimes referred to.
5. Be alert for boxes that are being pilled up behind building, or ropes that are hanging down
the sides of building, or ladders that might have been used to gain access to a roof.
6. At
nighttime,thefootpatrolofficershouldoccasionallystepintoalleysorstoreentrance,andgetout
ofthelightasmuchaspossible.
7. When patrollingatnight,alwaysapproacheachbuildingwithcaution, always assume
that a felon may be lurking inside.
8. Know the personalities in the area, particularly wanted person, establishments which usually
fall prey to armed robbery and burglary.
9. Walk close to the curb during day time and close to the building during night time. The
objective of patrolling during
nighttimeistobeseebyasfewpeopleaspossibleandtocatchthecriminalsinthe act.
10. Foot patrol must walk his best during all type of weather.
11. A foot patrol officer should never smoke while in uniform on the street, nor should chew gum.
12. The foot patrol officer should make a conscious effort to make friends on the beat.
13. Use all five senses while walking the beat.
Advantages of the Foot Patrol

1. The foot patrolman can provide immediate traffic control when it is needed.
2. More person-to-person contact can be made with the public.
3. The officer can actually get to know the physical layout of his beat better.
4. He can also get to know the people in his beat better, and can develop criminal informants
easier.
5. A foot officer can sneak up on situation, where a patrol car is easily noticed when it
approaches.
6. By the use of a two-way radio, the officer can maintain communications with the department
and the mobile unit.
Disadvantages of Foot Patrol

1. Low mobility resulting to limited coverage
2. Low response time to telephone complaints
3. It involves large numbers of personnel.
2. Automobile Patrol – is the most economical type of patrol and offers tactical ability when used
in numbers. It is considered as the most extensively used and most effective means of
transportation for police patrol.
Features of State-of-the-Art Patrol Car
1. Vehicle-Mounted TV – high resolution video camera with wide angle lens
2. Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) – computer that allow officers in patrol cars to access files from
NHQ and other Law Enforcement agencies
3. High-Intensity Emergency Lighting Plan (HELP) – a heavy duty light that can provide 2 million
candle power of light.
Automobile Patrol Techniques and Procedures

1. Check the police car thoroughly before leaving the garage.
2. Do not establish route patterns in patrolling.
3. Do not develop the habit of using the main roads, most criminal activity occurs at the back
streets.
4. Do not spent too much time in drive-inns or coffee spots.
5. Always take note the plate number of suspicious vehicles.
6. Avoid driving too fast on general patrol except during emergencies in pursuing criminals.
Maintain a
cruisingspeedof20-25kph.
7. Make it a habit to never leave the keys in the police car, even if it is just for a minute.
8. Since we are creators of habits, a police officer must make a habit to use the seat belt at all times.
9. Frequently get out of the car to be visible and accessible to the public.
10. Minimize hiding behind hills, curves or signboard to trap traffic violators, this may erode
community confidence
11. Park the patrol car in legal manner unless, in case of emergency.
12. Patrol the district so that patrol car will be seen by the greatest number of people, frequently
turning the corners and covering the side streets as well as the main thoroughfares.
13. Whatever patrol pattern is used, do it in irregular and unpredictable manner.
14. When conducting solo patrol, frequent contact should be made with other units in the field.
15. When patrolling with a partner, divide the observation area inside the vehicle
a. Driving Officer – must cover 100% of his vision in front.
b. Passenger Officer – cover a field of view twice more than the driving officer.
Take into consideration the safe operation of patrol vehicle.
c. Driver and passenger officer must be alert for possible informants
CALLS ENCOUNTERED BY AUTOMOBILE PATROL

1. Routine Call – a call where mobile car is required to observed the traffic laws and does not
normally used flashing lights and siren while on its way to the scene of the crime
2. Urgent Call – the responding patrol car has to observed the traffic laws without need of using
flashing lights and siren but proceed directly to its destination without stopping enroute unless incident
of far more serious occurs
3. Emergency Call – requires the use of flashing lights and siren except when there is an attempt to
surprise the criminals in the act.
Advantages of the Automobile Patrol

1. Where speed and mobility are needed such as in a large area that must be covered by few
officers, the speed of the automobile allow them to service the whole area and do so
efficiently.
2. It is one of the best means of Preventive Enforcement.
3. It offers the officer protection.
4. It permits the officer to carry extra equipment.
5. The patrol car allows the police officer to have a partner when needed, and to transport
one or several prisoners.
6. In the case of station wagons, which are becoming popular as patrol vehicles, they can be
used to carry police dogs on patrol and emergency ambulance during disaster.
7. Patrol cars can be used as barricades in roadblocks, and they offer a high degree of
safety during high-speed pursuits.
Disadvantages of Automobile Patrol

1. It diminishes personal contact with the public and sources of information
2. It hampers apprehension and surveillance operations
One Man Versus the Two Man Automobile Patrol One

Man Patrol Car
1. Having twice as many police cars on the street doubles the preventive enforcement.
2. When the officer is alone he devotes full attention to his driving and the beat rather
than to the conversation with his partner.
3. A one man alone developed self-reliance.
4. Personality clashes are
reduced. Two Man Patrol Car
1. A two-man patrol car provides the officer with a greater safety factor by doubling the
firepower and the physical protection.
2. The mistakes that one-man make may be caught by his partner, and vice versa.
3. One officer does not have to drive a full eight hours, and he is therefore more rested and
can do a better job.
4. Two pair of eyes is better than one.
5. One man can operate the radio while the other drives.
6. On the quiet night, the driver can have someone to talk to and help keep him awake.
3. Motorcycle Patrol – the two-wheeled motorcycle is quite adaptable to traffic enforcement,

parades, escort duty and congested areas because of its high mobility. Motorcycle Patrol is
usually fielded in areas where banks and pawnshops are concentrated.
It has the disadvantages of being used only in fair weather, of causing a greater number of
accidents which are usually quite serious, and in the long run costing the department almost as
much as a patrol vehicle despite the apparent low first cost.
4. Bicycle Patrol – it is considered as the simple and inexpensive means of silent transportation in
patrol operation. Its versatility makes it indispensable for covering crowded areas unreachable by
automobile and motorcycle.
Advantages of Bicycle Patrol

1. It has the combine advantage of mobility and stealth
2. Inexpensive to operate
3. It can cover areas not accessible by motorcycle or patrol cars.
4. Effectively used by plainclothes officers on surveillance.
5. It is quiet in patrolling without alerting the criminal, thus the element of surprise is attained.
6. Found effective in combating theft, burglary, vandalism in residential areas, parks and
shopping malls which difficult to be covered by foot patrol.
7. Expedite the delivery of police assistance in congested areas.
8. Biking is a good form of exercise to maintain fine physique and good health.
Disadvantages of Bicycle Patrol

1. Transport of apprehended criminals is difficult.
2. There is limited chances of bringing equipment needed by patrol officers in patrolling.
5. Horse Patrol – Next to walking patrol, the horse patrol is one of the oldest types of patrol. It is
useful in areas wherein automobile or motorcycle is suitable for patrolling.
The following are some of the more common uses of the Horse patrol:
a. Park Patrol
b. Beach Patrol
c. Parade and Crowd Control
-Mountedofficerscanseethreeblocksawaythanonfootpatrol
6. Marine or Boat Patrol – this is specialized type of patrol which is used in large
bodies of water f o r the purpose of controllingsmuggling.
The recorded history of our earliest civilization indicates the use of tariffs. Where there
are tariffs there is smuggling, and the control of smuggling in any community near water
necessitates the use of water patrol.
7. Air Patrol – a type of patrol using Helicopter or Fixed-Wing Aircraft. This is considered as
the most economicaltypeofpatrolintermsofhumanresources.
1925 – Los Angeles County Sheriff Department formed a volunteer
ReservedAeroSquadron Before 1929 – NYPD began using aircraft
1947 – New York Port Authority began using helicopters for surveillance, transportation
and rescue 1986 – State of California d e v e l o p e d an experimental program using helicopters
for police patrolling 1959 – Public Safety Department in Dade County in Florida used
aerial patrol concept.
Advantages of Fixed-Air Wing Aircraft Patrol

1. Patrolling of long stretches of highway of inaccessible land.
2. Excellent of traffic control in long stretches of highways, for search and surveillance and
other special missions.
Disadvantages of Fixed-Air Wing Aircraft Patrol

1. It has very little flexibility in congested areas.
2. Needs wide span of flat land for lift and landing.
3. Very expensive to procure and maintain.
Advantages of Helicopter Patrol

1. Improves response time to emergency calls foe service.
2. Increase apprehension of offenders.
3. Increase prevention of crime.
4. Improved efficiency of regular patrol units through air borne information.
5. Increase ability in conducting roof searches for suspected felons.
6. Easier location of both lost and escaped persons.
7. More efficient rescue operations and emergency ambulance service.
8. A better system of floodlighting areas at night.
9. Information can be broadcast to large areas through airborne loudspeakers.
10. Able to travel at low speed, to hover if necessary, and to land in small patch of flat land.
11. Added security to patrol officers through “backup” offered by
aerial patrol. 12.Possible use in fire fighting.
Disadvantages of helicopter Patrol

1. Bad weather will ground the helicopter.
2. Smog and light or intermittent clouds might affect vision.
3. This type of service requires special skills and training.
4. There is a danger from high wire, trees, and similar object.
5. There can be difficulty of landing in urban areas.
7. Special facilities are required for housing and repairs.
8. Refueling problems.
8. Plain Clothes Patrol – this is particularly effective for “saturation drive coverage” of high
crime areas. This allows police officers to infiltrate the crime areas without alarming the criminals
following the element of surprise.
9. Canine (K-9) Patrol or Dog Patrol – dog was first used by Egyptians in patrolling.
“A single K-9 team can complete building searches seven times f a s t e r than four officers
working together.”
“Dog team can find hidden suspects 93 percent of the time, while human officers can
only find hidden suspects 53percent.”
“Dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10milliontimesbetter than a human.”
BREEDS OF DOGS BEST SUITED FOR POLICE WORK

1. German Shepherd – high scoring dog, most frequently used for police work.
2. Black Labrador Retrievers
3. Giant Schnauzers
4. Rootweilers
5. Doberman Pinschers
6. Bouvers
7. Newfoundlands
8. Airedale Terriers
9. Alaskan Malamutes
Bloodhounds – is a large dog formerly used for tracking. It has sagging jaw, dropping ears and
keen sense of smell.
Wireless Operational Link and Video Exploration System (WOLVES) – it is the system of attaching
miniature camera and transmitter to a search dog which makes the dog the eyes and ears of his handler.
10. Television Patrol – it is basically used for trafficcontrolwhich originates in West Germany.
Television cameras are mounted in a weatherproof housing. They were equipped with Zoom
lenses and were remotely controlled by the operator at the control board who can adjust each
camera to a panoramic view of 270 degrees. It makes possible to pick up the license of fleeing
automobiles.
The Traditional Foot Patrol Pattern

1. Clockwise Patrol Pattern
The officer walk from one beat to another making sure that he stays on theleft side andat
the center or middle portion of any street between adjoining beats. For every beat, the
officer calls the station until the clockwise patter is completed. Ideal for rectangular of
square beat.
Usually conducted during the first hour of duty.
2. Counter-clockwise Patrol Pattern

The reverse of clockwise pattern with the same characteristic of an area to be patrolled.
Usually
doneduringthelasthourofthetourofdutyto ensure that nothing unusual happened in the AOR.
3. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Pattern

Done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter of the beat not at random but with definite
target location where he knows his presence is necessary.
It starts at one corner of the patrol area and work your way diagonally across it to the
opposite corner
4. Straightway and Criss-cross Patrol Pattern It

is considered as HazardOrientedPatrol.
In straightway pattern, it involves patrolling the length of the street, therefore,
movementofofficeris easytoobserve. On the other hand, criss-cross is almost similar with zigzag.
“In any patrol pattern, the relieving patrol officer shall make his first hourly call before
starting his patrol duty.”
5. Cloverleaf (Cloverleaf Pattern) – a highway intersection designed to route traffic without
interference, by means of a system of curving ramps from one level to another, in the form of a
4-leaf clover
PATROL TACTICS AND STRATEGIES

I. The Psychology Of Omnipresence
Psychology of omnipresence as an initial police strategy is
toestablishtheauraofpolicepresence inthecommunitythrough uniformed foot patrol and mobile
(marked and equipped) patrol cars.
Patrol officer cannot detect the thinking or desire of the criminal, yet he can destroy the
opportunity to commit a crime by his presence, thus, it best for crimeprevention.
Strategic Objectives:
a. High visibility police presence
b. Feeling of security for law abiding
c. Feeling of fear for would be criminal
d. Feeling of confidence for the public that police are constantly available
II.Proactive and Reactive Patrol

1. Proactive Patrol – it is the deployment of patrol officers in their area with prescribe
objectives and verifiable task for the day.
- More economical alternative patrol system, it addresses crime at its very root before it
can be developed into felonious act.
2. Reactive Patrol – it involves going around the area of responsibility waiting for something to
happen and to react accordingly if something does happen
III. Crime Prevention and Crime Suppression

1. Crime Prevention – it involves recognition of crime risk and initiation of positive action to
remove or reduce risk
- its objective is to eliminate or reduce the desire to commit crime
2. Crime Suppression – is the actual prevention of the commission of crime
IV. High and Low Visibility

Police Visibility – not just presence of patrol officer but actual presence which involves: 1)
Physical Presence 2) Patrolling Scheme 3) Response Time – is the running time of the
dispatched patrol car from his position where the assignment was received and the arrival
at the scene (theideal timeis 5minutes)
*Critical Time – it is the time between the call of concerned individual to the police regarding crime
incident and the arrival at the scene of patrol officer.
1. High Visibility – it is accomplished by deploying uniformed patrol officers and marked

patrol cars in the AOR with the objective of increasing the “auraofpoliceomnipresence”.
2. Low Visibility – a strategy wherein patrol officers are in civilian clothes or in unmarked patrol
cars
with the primary purpose of increasing the apprehension of criminal engage in street crimes and
deterrenceofcriminalactivityasaresultofgreaterprobabilityofapprehension.
V. Directed, Interactive and Aggressive Patrol

1. Directed Patrol Strategy – patrol activities designed by patrol officers are based on analysis of
specific community problems. The emphasis is on participative decision making and sophisticated
methods of crime analysis.
2. Interactive Patrol Strategy – the emphasis in on police-citizen interaction wherein the community
input is sought in resolving patrol problems
3. Aggressive Patrol Strategy – the emphasis is on positive, target oriented activities which
includes physical security inspection. This is effective if the information regarding identifiable
crime trends is based on crime analysis.
VI. Stop and Frisk

It involves stopping of person on the street whose behavior is suspicious, questioning
them and frisking them for concealed weapons. Thisheightenstheeffectofhighvisibility.
VII.Street Interview/Interrogation
It is an aspect of stop and frisk strategy where individuals of doubtful character are being
questioned.
VIII. Decoy
Decoy means trap, bait or induce. This strategy involves disguiseordeceptionwhich is specifically
usedinhighcrimesareasby highly trained specialist rather that regular patrol officer.
BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE INTERVENTION OPERATIONS

All police intervention operations (arrest, raid, search and seizure, checkpoint,
demolition, civil disturbance management) shall be conducted:
a. with a marked police vehicle;
b. preferably led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO); and
c. with personnel in prescribed police uniform.
WARNING BY USE OF MEGAPHONES

During actual police intervention operations, the TL shall usepeacefulmeans including the
use of megaphones or any other similar instruments to influence/warn the offenders/suspects to
stop and/or peacefully give up.
WARNING SHOTS
The police shall notusewarningshotsduringpoliceinterventions.
USE OF FORCE
IssuanceofWarning
The police officer must first issue a warning before he could use force against an
offender. The warning is issued for the police officer to identify himself and to give
opportunity to the offender to surrender.
The duty to issue a warning is however not absolute. The directive to issue a warning is
necessary onlyinsituationswhereseveraloptionsarestillavailabletothepoliceofficerbut in
cases where the threat to the life of a police officer is already imminent,
and there is no other option but to use force to subdue the offender, the law enforcer’s failure to
issue a warning is excusable.
ReasonableForce
During an armed confrontation, only such necessary and reasonable force should be applied as
wouldbesufficienttoovercomeresistanceputupbytheoffender; subdue the clear and imminent
danger posed by him; or to justify the force/act under the principles of self defense, defense of
relative, or defense of stranger. The Officer-in-Charge of the operation shall, at all times, exercise
control over his men in the area, and shall exhaust all possible means so that no innocent civilian is
caught in the crossfire.
The
reasonablenessoftheforceemployedwilldependuponthenumberofaggressor,natureand
characteristicoftheweaponused, physicalcondition,
sizeandothercircumstancestoincludetheplace andoccasionoftheassault. A police officer, however, is not required to
afford a person attacking him the opportunity for a fair or equal struggle. His duty requires him
to overcome his opponent. In the lawful performance of his duty, the police officer must stand his
ground to accomplish his mandated task of enforcing the law and maintenance of peace and order.
UseofWeapon
The excessive use of force is prohibited. The use of weapon is justified if the suspect poses
imminentdangerofcausingdeathorinjurytothepoliceofficerorotherpersons.
The use of weapon is also justified under the Doctrines of Self-Defense, Defense of Relative,
and Defense of Stranger. However, one who resorts to self-defense must face a real threat on his
life, and the peril sought to be avoided must be actual, imminent and real.
Moreover, unlawful aggression should be present for self-defense to be
considered asjustifying circumstance.
Unlawful Aggression – refers to an attack amounting to actual or eminent threat to the life, limb, or
right of the person claiming self-defense.
Necessary and Legal means – as used in the definition shall include, but not limited to, the
employment of appropriate number of troops, armor assets and tactical or special units to
effectively and permanently quell the threat or present danger, or to swiftly restrain or arrest the
suspect or suspects.
Imminent Danger –the dangeris“imminent”ifitisonthepointofhappening. It is not required that the

attack already begins, for it may be too late. (The Revised Penal Code, Book I, JBL Reyes). The
elements of imminent danger are the following:
1. Intent of the suspect to harm the policeman;
2. The capability of the suspect to harm the policeman or other persons; and,
3. Accessibility or the proximity of the suspect in harming the policeman and other persons.
Reportorial Requirements
Any police officer who used his firearm against a suspect must submit an after-
encounter report outlining the circumstances necessitating the use of weapon against the
suspect.
MOVING VEHICLES
A moving vehicle shall not be fired upon except when its occupants pose imminent
danger of causing death or injury to the police officer or any other person, and that the use of
firearm does not create a danger to the public and outweighs the likely benefits of its non-use.
In firing upon a moving vehicle, the following parameters should be considered:
a. the intent of the fleeing suspect/s to harm the police officer or other persons;
b. the capability of the fleeing suspect/s to harm in certainty the police officer or
other persons; and
c. accessibility or the proximity of the fleeing suspect/s with the police officer and
other persons.
THINGS TO BE DONE AFTER AN ARMED CONFRONTATION

Immediately after an armed confrontation, the Officer-in-Charge shall:
a. Secure the site of confrontation;
b. Take photographs;
c. Check whether the situation still poses imminent danger;
d. Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital;
e. Ensure that all persons who died on the spot are not moved from their original position.
Arrested suspects, on the other hand, should be kept in isolation;
f. Conduct debriefing on all involved PNP operatives; and
g. Submit After-Operations Report.
Spot Check/Accosting
It is the brief stopping of an individual, whether on foot or in a vehicle, based on
reasonable suspicion/probablecause, for the purpose of determining the individual’s identity and
resolving the officer’s suspicion concerning criminal activity.
Reasonable Suspicion – acts that, within totality of the circumstances, lead an officer to
reasonably suspect, or to have probable cause to believe, that criminal activity has been, is
being, or is about to be committed.
Grounds for Spot Check

a. The appearance or demeanor of the individual suggests that he is part of a criminal
enterprise or is engaged in a criminal act;
b. The actions of the individual suggest that he is engaged in a criminal activity;
c. Questionable presence of the individual in the area;
d. The subject is carrying a suspicious object;
e. The suspect’s clothing bulges in a manner that suggests he is carrying a weapon;
f. The suspect has been found in the time and place proximate to an alleged crime;
g. The police officer has knowledge of the suspect’s prior criminal record or involvement in
criminal activity; and
h. The individual flees at the sight of a police officer.
PROCEDURES FOR SPOT CHECK / ACCOSTING

a. When approaching the individual, the police officer shall
clearlyidentifyhimselfasapoliceofficer. If
notinuniform,byannouncinghisidentityanddisplayingofficialidentificationcardand/orbadge.
b. Police officers shall be courteous at all times but maintain caution and vigilance for
suspicious movementslike tending to retrieve weapon, conceal or discard contraband, or other
similar actions.
c. Before approaching more than one individual, police officers should determine whether the
circumstanceswarrantarequestforback-upand whether the spot check/ accosting can and
should be delayed until such back-up arrives.
d. Police officers shall confine their questions as to suspect’sidentity,
place of residence, andother inquiries necessary to resolve the police officer’s suspicion.
However, in no instance shall a police officer hold a suspect longer than
the period reasonably necessary to be able to make these limited inquiries and to resolve
suspicions.
e. Police officers are not required to give the suspect Miranda Warning unless the
personis placed underarrest.
Pat-down Search
It is a “frisk” or external feeling of the outer garments of an individual for weapons only.
GROUNDS FOR BODY FRISK/PAT DOWN

a. The type of crimebelievedtobecommittedbythesubject– particularly
crimesofviolencewherethe threatofuseoruseofdeadlyweaponisinvolved;
b. Where the police officer handles several suspects;
c. The timeofthedayandthelocationwhere the pat-down search took place;
d. Priorknowledgebythepoliceofficerofthesuspect’suseofforceand/or propensity to
carry deadly weapons;
e. The appearance and demeanor of the suspect;
f. Visual indicationssuggestingthatthesuspectiscarryingafirearmorotherdeadlyweapon; and
g. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be performedbypoliceofficersofthesamegender.
PROCEDURES OF PAT DOWN SEARCH

a. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be
conductedbyatleasttwo(2)policeofficers, oneto performthesearchwhile theotherprovidesprotectivecover.
b. Because pat-down searches are cursory in nature, they
shouldbeperformedwiththesuspectina standing position, or with hands placed against a
stationary object, and feet spread apart. However, should an officer visually
observe a weapon, a moresecuresearchpositionmaybeusedliketheprone
(lyingfacedown)position.
c. In a pat-down search, officers are permitted only to feel the outer clothing of the suspect.
Police officers may notplacetheirhandsinsidethepocketsofthesubject’sclothingunless
they feelanobject thatcouldprobablybeaweapon,suchasagun,knife,club,orthelikes.
d. If the suspect is carrying an object such as
handbag,suitcase,briefcase,sack,orothersimilaritems thatmayconcealaweapon, the police
officer should notopentheitembutinsteadputitinaplaceout
ofthesuspect’sreach.
e. If the external patting of the suspect’s clothing fails to disclose evidence of a
weapon, no further searchmaybemade.
Ifaweaponisfoundandthepossessionofwhichamountstoaviolationofthe
law, the police officer shall arrestthesuspectandconductacompletesearch.
Reporting after the Spot Check/Accosting or Pat-Down Search

If after conducting a spot check/accosting or pat-down search, the police officer has no
basis for making an arrest, he should record the facts of such spot check/accosting or pat-down
search and forward a report to the appropriate authority.
If the spot check/accosting or pat-down search gives a justification for a valid
warrantless arrest, then an arrest shall be made.
Police Checkpoint
It is a location where the search, which is duly authorized by the PNP, is conducted to
deter/prevent the commission of crimes, enforce the law, and for other legitimate purposes.
Composition
a. Team Leader (TL) - shall lead and take responsibility in the conduct of checkpoint
preferably an officer with the rank of at least Police Inspector;
b. Spotter - PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected vehicle subject for checkpoint;
c. Spokesperson - TL or member who is solely in charge of communicating with the motorists
subject for checkpoint;
d. Investigation Sub-team - in charge of investigation and documentation of possible incidents
in the checkpoint to include issuance of Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation
Report (TVR);
e. Search/Arresting Sub-Team - designated to conduct search, seizure and arrest, if necessary;
f. Security Sub-Team - tasked to provide security in the checkpoint area; and
g. Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team - team tasked to block/pursue fleeing suspects/vehicle.
Guidelines
a. Mobile checkpoints are authorized only when established in conjunction
with ongoing police operations. Only officially marked vehicles shall be used in establishing
mobile checkpoints.
b. Checkpoints may be establishedwhenthereisaneedtoarrestacriminalorfugitivefromjustice.
c. The composition of the personnel manning the checkpoint shall be left to the sound discretion
of the PNP unit commander.
d. Encourage the participation of, but not limited to, the Local Government Units (LGUs), Civil
Society Groups, Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs), business organizations, other civic
groups, media and other stakeholders during the conduct of Police Checkpoint.
e. The participationoftheciviliansandthepresenceofthemediain the conduct of
checkpoint must be confined only as observersto give police additional eyes and
promote transparency of activities in the area.
f. All civic groups or organizations to include the media, who are inclined to participate in
police checkpoints, must be dulyregisteredandaccreditedbythePNPforsuchpurpose. The
accreditation of the civilian groups to join in the conduct of checkpoint shall be
administered by the Police Regional and Provincial Offices.
g. PNP personnel manning the checkpoint must have a
presentableappearance,wearingtheprescribed PNP uniform. Likewise, the civilian members must also be in
their organization’s uniform with their names conspicuously displayed for identification. In no
case shall the civilian components be allowed to bear firearms during the checkpoint.
h. In Metro Manila and other major cities, police officers manning the checkpoints should
notwearField ServiceUniforms(FSU)orblackfatiguesin lieu of the PNP General Office Attire unlesstheconductof
checkpointisaresultofaHotPursuitOperationoraHighRiskCheckpoint. The
useofmixeduniforms (GOA, FSU, black fatigue) in the conduct of checkpoint is strictlyprohibited.
i. As much as possible, the area where the checkpoints shall be established must be
p r o p e r l y lighted, withanoticeablesignagebearingthenameofthePNPunitandtheparticipatingorganization/svisibly
displayedinthecheckpointsite, to prevent any apprehension from the public of the existence of
the same.
j. Due courtesy must be accorded to the motorists, traders and the commuters during the
conduct of checkpoint.
k. The spokesperson must greet the people subject for inspection, ask apology for the
inconvenience, appeal for understanding and state the reasons of the operation. Thank the
person/s searched.
l. Except in the actual commission of crime during checkpoints or in a hot pursuit operation,
theconduct ofinspectionofvehicleduringaroutinecheckpointislimitedtoavisualsearchand
therefore must be done with due respect to innocent passersby,
commuters, or bystanders and be conducted in a manner that is least inconvenient to the public.
Searches, seizures, and arrest made during checkpoints shall be within the ambit of the law.
m. Violations/Infractions of the law discovered during the checkpoint operation shall be
expeditiously disposed of following legal procedures. Arrested persons must be apprised of
their rights in reference to the Miranda Doctrine.
n. The security of the PNP personnel, and most especially that of the civilians participating
in the checkpoint operation, must be given due consideration in the planning stage of the
operation.
o. Onlythesecuritysub-team andblocking/pursuing sub-teammembersareallowedtodisplayhigh-
powered firearms and are positioned where they can best provide security to the Checkpoint
team including themselves.
p. Checkpoint personnel must not limit their task in law enforcement and crime deterrence.
They should also be ready to provide police assistance in the vicinity e.g., giving directions to
inquiring motorists or passersby.
q. The PNP operating units must provide their own logistical and financial requirements to
avoid soliciting support from the civilians for their personal or operational needs.
r. Police personnel assigned in the checkpoint shall not mulct, extort, or harass drivers,
passengers, and traders. Designated TL assigned at the checkpoint shall be responsible for the
actuations and behavior of his personnel and shall be accountable under the doctrine of
Command Responsibility.
s. Voluntary offers of cash or in kind from the traders/motorists passing the checkpoint
should be absolutely refused because the offer might be misconstrued as a bribe.
t. The
policeandtheciviliancomponentmustseparatelysubmittheirAfterCheckpointOperationReport to
their respective units or organization for proper evaluation of the efficacy of the operation.
Procedure in the Conduct of Regular Police Checkpoint
a. Unit Commanders should
informHigherHeadquarters(HHQs)TacticalOperationsCenter(TOC)and coordinate with adjacent units, such as Public
Safety Management Forces and other friendly forces, personally or through an official
representative, before commencing with the checkpoint to avoid misencounter and any
untoward incident;
b. The TL shall brief the PNP personnel, as well as the civilian components present, including
the media regarding the proper conduct of the checkpoint and their assigned tasks prior to
their deployment;
c. The TL shall initially account for the PNP personnel and check if they are in the prescribed
uniform. PNP personnel conducting the checkpoint shall display their nameplates at all times. If
wearingajacket, theflapofthejacketbearingtheirnamesshouldalsobedisplayed. Likewise, the equipment
will include, but not limited to, the following:
1) Marked Patrol vehicles;
2) Firearms with basic load of ammunition;
3) Handheld and vehicle base radios;
4) Flashlights;
5) Megaphone; and
6) Signage
d. The Spotter of the team will be pre-positioned in a place where he can best point/profile
suspected vehicles prior to their approach to the checkpoint;
e. Search/Arresting Sub-Team shall flag down suspected vehicles and conduct search,
seizure and arrest if necessary;
f. Arrested persons and seized items shall be turned-over to the investigation sub-team for
documentation and proper disposition;
g. In the event that the checkpoint is ignored, and the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the
personnel manning the checkpoint, reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may
be employed;
h. Inform Higher Headquarters before terminating the conduct of Checkpoint;
i. The TL shall conduct debriefing of personnel after termination of the Checkpoint; and
j. Unit Commander shall submit After Activity Report to Higher Headquarters.
Hasty Checkpoint
It is an immediateresponsetoblocktheescapeoflawlesselementsfromacrimescene, and is
also established when nearby checkpoints areignoredor during hot pursuit operations. It is
set up by police personnel conducting mobile patrol on board a marked police
vehicle, or those conducting ISO and foot patrol operations within the vicinity/periphery of the
national or provincial highways.
Hot Pursuit (Cross Jurisdictional Pursuit) - (also termed in the US as fresh pursuit) shall mean
an immediate,recentchaseorfollow-upwithoutmaterialinterval for the purpose of taking into
custody any person wanted by virtue of a warrant, or one suspected to have committed a recent
offense while fleeing from one police jurisdictional boundary to another that will normally require
prior official inter-unit coordination but which the pursuing unit cannot, at that moment, comply
due to the urgency of the situation.
Procedures in the Conduct of Hasty Checkpoints

a. PNPpersonnelconductingmobilepatrolsonboardpatrolvehicleswillinitiallymanthecheckpoint,
to be complemented by additional personnel upon arrival of reinforcement. A collapsible
signage with markings: “Stop, Police Checkpoint”, indicating also the name of the concerned
police office/unit conducting the operations, will be used for the purpose;
b. In the case of PNP personnel conductingInternal Security Operation (ISO) or foot patrol, where a
vehicleandcollapsiblesignageisnotreadilyavailable,thecheckpointshallbemannedinitiallybysaid
personnel;
c. The team shall immediately inform Higher Headquarters of the exact location of the
Hasty Checkpoint to include personnel involved and available equipment;
d. In a hasty checkpoint, where
thereisapossibilityofhighriskstopandhighriskarrest, and that there is an urgency for
troop deployment and that public safety might be at risk, the participation of the
civiliancomponentandthepresenceofthemediainthecheckpointoperationshallnotbeallowed;
e. The Unit Commander of the personnel manning the hasty checkpoint shall immediately send
additional personnel, equipment and signage to the area in order to convert the Hasty
Checkpoint into a Regular Checkpoint; and
f. As soon as the Hasty Checkpoint is converted into a Regular Checkpoint, TL shall follow
the procedures intheConductofRegularPoliceCheckpoint paragraph c.
Procedures to be Followed When Checkpoints are Ignored
a. In the event that checkpoints/roadblocks are ignored and the motorists/suspects bumped the
roadblock in an attempt to elude arrest or avoid inspection, the TL shall
immediatelycontactadjacent units to inform them of the situation so that these units can conduct dragnet
operation, while the
membersoftheblocking/pursuingteamshallblockorpursuetheerrantfleeingmotorist;
b. Warningshotsshallnotbealloweddue to the confusion it may create to the driver and
passengers of the vehicle. Megaphones or police sirens shall be used i n s t e a d during the
pursuit. The plate number of the vehicle shall be noted and given to other units in adjacent
areas to prevent the possibility that the vehicle may elude the pursuit operation; and
c. In the event that the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the personnel manning the
checkpoint, reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may be employed.
Procedures in Flagging Down or Accosting Vehicles While in Mobile Car

a. CallHeadquarterstoinformofthemakeortypeandplatenumberofthemotorvehicletobeaccosted
including the number and, if possible, identity of occupants;
b. Statethereason(s)fortheplannedinterventionof the suspected motor vehicle;
c. Givemobilecar’slocationanditsdirection before making actual intervention;
d. Try to
getalongsidethesuspects’vehicleandchecktheoccupantswithoutalarmingthemofyour purpose. You can even overtake the
vehicle and wait for it at an advantageous location before stopping the suspects’ vehicle;
e. Determine whether the suspects are hostile or not;
f. Makeknowntothesuspectthatyouareafterthemthroughtheuseofasirenormegaphone;
g. Instruct the driver to pull over or stop on the side of the road;
h. Parkbehindthesuspect’svehicleat an appropriate distance and cautiously approach
the vehicle on the driver’s side;
i. If the vehicle’swindowsareheavilytintedandtheoccupantscannotbeseen,
instructthedriverto openallwindowsto have a clear view of the
interior of the vehicle;
j. Instructthedrivertoturnofftheignition, if this was not done when the vehicle stopped;
k. The other members of the team must be on guard for any eventuality while the vehicle is
being approached;
l. Talk to the driver in a most courteous manner and inform him of the nature of his violation.
Demandto seethedriver’slicense,photocopiesofthecertificateofregistrationandtheofficialreceipt.
Examine these documents and counter-check the driver on the information reflected therein;
m. If it
concernstrafficviolations,immediatelyissueaTrafficCitationTicket(TCT)orTrafficViolation Report(TVR). Never indulge in
prolonged, unnecessary conversation or argument with the driver or any of the vehicle’s
occupants;
n. In cases of other violations that require the impounding of the vehicle, inform the driver
regarding this situation and instruct him to follow you, after issuing the TCT/TVR; and,
o. Before moving out, inform Headquarters regarding the situation/ status and disposition of
the person and motor vehicle accosted.
Procedures to be Followed in Dealing with Hostile Drivers:

a. Stopping Vehicles
1) Follow the Procedure in Flagging Down or Accosting Vehicles While in Mobile Car
stated in paragraphs a to c;
2) Immediately request for back-up;
3) Follow the suspect and always keep him within visual range;
4) Expect that the suspect will notice your action at any time. Be prepared for a car chase or
actual hostile confrontation;
5) If the back-up is already in the vicinity, inform Headquarters that you are proceeding to
accost the suspect;
6) Informthesuspectsthatyouareafterthemthroughtheuseofsirenormegaphoneand instruct
the driver to pull over or stop on the side of the street;
7) Park at an appropriate distance behind the suspect’s vehicle;
8) While the vehicle is being approached, the other members of the crew and back-up must be
on guard for any eventuality. Overreactions should be avoided;
9) If the vehicle’s windows are heavily tinted and the occupants cannot be seen, instruct the
driver to open all windows for a clear view of the vehicle’s interior;
10) Directthedriverandotheroccupantsofthevehiclenottomakeunnecessarymovementsandto
showtheirhandsoutsidethecar;
11) Instructthedrivertoturnofftheignitionandtossthekeytotheground. Demand to see the
Driver’s License and photocopies of the vehicle’s certificate of registration and the official
receipt. Examine the documents and counter-check the driver on the information reflected
therein; and,
12) If there are other suspects aside from the driver, separate them from one another.
b. Fleeing Vehicles
1) In the event that the motorvehicledidnotstopdespitethewarninggiven,informHeadquartersor
adjacentunitssothatroadblocksorhastycheckpointscanbeset-up;
2) CallHeadquarterstoinformofthemakeortype,platenumberandcolorofthemotorvehicletobe
accostedincluding the number of occupants and, if possible, their identity;
3) State the reason(s) for flagging down the suspected motor vehicle;
4) Give mobile car’s location and its direction before making actual intervention;
5) Whenthevehicleofthesuspectiscorneredorstopped,instructthedriverandotheroccupantsina
clearandcommandingvoicetofollowspecificallywhatyouwillrequireofthem.
Failureontheirpartto
follow will be construed as a hostile act on their part. Execute instructions on the
use of reasonable force;
6) Instructthedrivertoturnofftheignitionandtossthekeytotheground,openthedoorandstepoutof
thevehicle, followed by his handstobeplacedontopofthevehicle, or to
movetowardsyouwithhis handsup;
7) Instruct other occupants of the vehicle, if any, to come out one by one, and follow what the
driver has been instructed to do earlier;
8) Arrest,handcuffandsearchthesuspectsandbringthemtoHeadquartersforproperdisposition; and
9) Before moving out, inform Headquarters about the situation, status and disposition of the
suspects and motor vehicle accosted.
High Risk Stop – is the

actualstoppingoraccostingofarmedanddangerouspersonorpersons,aboarda vehicleoronfoot, including the power to use all
necessary and legal means to accomplish such end.
High Risk Arrest – is the actualrestraintofarmedpersonsfollowing a high-risk stop.
Pre-Determined Area – is the specificorprojectedspotwherethearmedanddangerouspersonorpersons

wouldpassorlikelytopassand so tactically located as
togaincalculatedadvantageagainstsaidpersonor persons.
Stopping Zone - is the

strategicpredeterminedareastronglysealedoff,barricadedandoccupiedbytactical forcesinalawfuldisplayofauthority to maintain law
and order or in defensive response to an event of criminal nature or of such gravity that
occurred or likely to occur calling for a high risk stop or arrest.
Dragnet Operation - is a policeoperationpurposelytoseal-

offtheprobableexitpointsoffleeingsuspects from the crime scene to prevent their escape.
High Risk Stop and High Risk Arrest

a. Initial Stage
Upon receipt of information involving movement of armed person or persons, either singly
or in group, including unauthorized movement of government troops, or in immediate response to
a reported commission of crime perpetrated by armed persons, the PNP shall immediately:
1) Organize appropriate tactical security forces utilizing maximum firepower and armor assets;
2) Deploy the security forces to stopping zones in defensive position; and
3) Seal off the area and establish strong roadblocks/ barricades.
b. Effecting a High Risk Stop

When effecting high-risk stop, the police officer shall:
1) Exert utmost effort to persuadethesuspectstohaltorstoptheirmovement.
2) Start with the procedural conduct of regular warrantless arrest where arrest is inevitable.
3) Ensure proper documentation of the process.
4) Respect the rights of all the persons involved.
c. During Violent Stage

The PNP shall strictly adhere to the PNP Operational Procedures (POP) particularly on
the use of reasonable force.
Public Assembly
It means any rally, demonstration, march, parade, procession or any other form of
mass or concerted action heldin a public place for the purpose of presenting alawful
cause; or expressing an opinion to the general public on any particular issue;
or protestingorinfluencinganystateofaffairs whether political, economic or social; or petitioning the
government for redress of grievances.
Public Place – shall include anyhighway,boulevard,avenue,road,street,bridgeorotherthoroughfare,park,

plaza,square,and/oranyopenspaceofpublicownershipwhere the people are allowed access.
Freedom Park – shall mean the
venueorplaceestablishedordesignatedbylocalgovernmentunitswithin
theirrespectivejurisdictionswhereapublicassemblycouldbeheldwithoutsecuringanypermit
for such purpose from the local government unit concerned.
Maximum Tolerance – means the highest degree of restraint that the police, military and other
peace keeping authorities shall observe during a public assembly or in the dispersal of the same.
Limitations on the Role of the PNP on Public Assembly

The PNP shall notinterferewiththeholdingofapublicassembly. However, to
ensure public safety and to maintain peace and order during the assembly, the
policecontingentunderthecommandofaPCO
preferablywiththerankofPoliceSeniorInspectormaybedetailedandstationedinaplaceatleast one
hundred(100)metersawayfromtheareaofactivity.
Guidelines for Civil Disturbance Management (CDM) Contingent During Rallies / Demonstrations
a. CDM contingent shall be inprescribeduniformandwithoutfirearm.
b. Tear gas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or any similar anti- riot device shall be used only
when the public assembly is attendedbyactualviolenceor serious threats of violence, or deliberate
destruction of property.
Dispersal ofPublic Assembly with Permit

All public assembly with a permit shall not be dispersed. However, when an assembly
becomes violent, the police may disperse such public assembly in the following manner:
a. At the first sign of impending violence, the Ground Commander of the PNP contingent shall
call the attention of the leaders of the public assembly and ask the latter to prevent any possible
disturbance;
b. If actual violence reaches a point where rocks or other harmful objects from the
participants are thrown at the police officers or at the non-participants,
or at any property causing damage to it, the Ground Commander of the PNP
contingent shall audiblywarntheparticipantsthatifthedisturbance
persists,thepublicassemblywillbedispersed;
c. If the violence or disturbance does not stop, the Ground Commander of the PNP
contingent shall audibly issue a warning to the participants of the public assembly, and after
allowing a reasonable periodoftimetolapse,heshallimmediatelyorderittodisperse; and
d. No arrest of any leader, organizer or participant shall be made unless he violates during the
assembly a law, statute, or ordinance.
Dispersal of Public Assembly Without Permit

When the public assembly is held without a permit where a permit is required, the said
public assemblymaybepeacefullydispersed. However, when the leaders or organizers of public assembly can
showanapplicationforpermitdulyfiledattheOfficeoftheMayorwhichhasjurisdictionovertheplace
wheretherallywillbeheld,atleastfive(5)dayspriortotheintendedactivityandtheMayordidnotacton
the same, the grant of the permit being then presumed under thelaw, and it will be the burden of
the authorities to show that there has been a denial of the application, in which case, the rally may
be peacefully dispersed following the procedure of maximumtoleranceprescribed by law.
Police Responses During Public Assembly

a. During Planning Stage
1) Initiate dialogue with the leaders/organizers to ensure the peaceful holding of a public
assembly, including among others, the detail of police escorts.
2) Prepare appropriate security and CDM contingency plans.
b. During Initial and Peaceful Stage

1) With Permit or Held in Freedom Parks/ Private Properties
1.1 The PNP shall not interfere with the holding of a public assembly. However, to
adequately ensure public safety, a CDM contingent, under the control and supervision of a PCO
shall be stationed at least one hundred (100) meters away from the area where the public assembly
is being held.
1.2 Monitor the activities at the public assembly area and respond to any request for police
assistance.
2) Without Permit or Permit has been Revoked
2.1 As soon as it becomes apparent that an assembly is being held in a public place, the
Ground Commandershallimmediatelyconductaninquirywhethertheassemblyiscoveredwithapermitornot.
If apermitcouldnotbeshown, verificationshouldimmediatelybedonewiththeOfficeoftheMayor
havingjurisdiction over the place where the public assemblyis being held. Should the
Office of the Mayor confirm that a permithasnotbeenissued, the leaders/organizers shall
be informed of the fact that they are violating the law and will be asked to dispersepeacefully.
2.2 The PNP shall exhaust all peaceful remedies to persuade the demonstrators to disperse.
This may include the involvement of Local Chief Executives / community leaders when available to
intervene in the situation so that dispersal operations could be avoided.
2.3. Should negotiation fail and the demonstrators refuse to disperse voluntarily and
peacefully, therebycausingpublicinconvenience, CDM contingents may commence dispersal
operations.
c. During Breach of Peace/Confrontational Stage (With or without permit)
No public assembly with a permit shall be dispersed. However, when a public assembly
becomes violent, the CDM contingents may disperse such public assembly in the following
manner:
1) At the first sign of impending violence, the Ground Commander shall call the attention of the
leaders/organizersofthepublicassemblyandaskthelattertopreventanypossibledisturbance.
CDM contingents shall hold the line to prevent demonstrators from proceeding to other areas
where the holding of a public assembly is prohibited.
2) If actual violence reaches a point where rocks or other harmful objects from the
participants are thrown at the CDM contingents or the non-participants, or at any property
causing damage to it, the Ground Commander shall audibly warn the participants that
if the disturbance persists, the public assemblywillbedispersed;
3) If the violence or disturbance does not stop, the Ground Commander shall audibly issue a
warning to the participants of the public assembly, and after allowing a reasonable period of
time to lapse, shall immediately order it to disperse. With the use of CDM formations, the rank
of demonstrators shall be disbanded, contained, and isolated from each other, and should be
prevented from regrouping.
4) Watercannonsandriotsticksmaybeusedtorepelaggressionandtodispersedemonstrators
and reserve CDM contingents may be employed when situation requires.
5) Noarrestof any leader, organizer or participant shall be made
unlessheviolatesduringtheassembly alaw,statute,orordinance.
d. During Violent Stage

1) Non-lethal weapons and equipment may be used to suppress violence, to protect lives and
prevent further damage to properties.
2) The PNP security elements shall be tactically deployed to provide immediate assistance to
the CDM contingents.
e. Post-Operation Stage
1) CDM contingents shall be withdrawn after the area has been cleared of possible danger to
public safety.
2) Sufficient police force shall be maintained to ensure peace and order in the area.
Guidelines in the Use of Non-Lethal Weapons

a. Shield and Truncheon
During the confrontational stage,
truncheonmaybeutilizedonlytopushbackdemonstrators and not as an instrument to strike
individuals. However, when demonstrators become aggressive, truncheon shall be the principal
non-lethal weapon for dispersal. In such situation, CDM contingents shall nonetheless, use the
same with caution and due diligence to avoid unnecessary injury.
b. Water Cannons
Watercannonsmaybeutilizedwhendemonstratorsbecomeunrulyandaggressiveforcing
troops to fall back to their secondary positions.
c. Tear Gas
Teargasmaybeutilizedtobreakupformationsorgroupingsof demonstrations who continue to be
aggressiveandrefusedtodispersedespiteearlierefforts.
INTEGRATED PATROL SYSTEM (IPS)

- PNP’s answer to the requirement of police visibility.
- PATROL means – Policemen Assigned To Reinforce Order in the Locality
- best way of immersing policemen in various activities
- provides a symbiotic relationship between the police and the community which
would eventually draw active support and cooperation of the populace.
THREE COMPONENTS OF IPS

1. Fixed Components – these are different stations, precincts, police visibility points, traffic posts
and headquarters
a. Station Desk – serves as the 3 C’s of police force: Communication;
Coordinating; Center/Command Post
Situation/Locator Map – capable of providing visual IPS situation which shows the AOR,
Real Time Current Situation and Real Time Status of the IPS
b. PCP – headed by PCO with a rank of Chief Inspector or Superintendent with a minimum
of 30 personnel including the Commander divided in 3 shifts of 8-hours duty.
1. trol Components – include line beat, mobile patrol, motorcycle, bicycle, air patrol and
detective repressive patrol
a. Police Beats – consist of identifiable boundaries within the AOR where an officer can
conduct patrol. Police Beats identification:
PBs for NCR
- Identifiable by a 5 digit number. 1st digit refers to the numerical assigned to the district
- 2nd refers to the number assigned to each of the city/municipality within the district
- 3rd digit refers to the number assigned to particular PCP
- 4th and 5th digits refer to the numbers assigned to particular beat
PBs for Regional Officers

- Identifiable by a 7 digit number
- First 2 digits refer to the number of the region
- 3rd digit refer to the number assigned to a particular province within the region
- 4th digit refers to the PCPs
- 5th and 6th refer to the beat
b. Mobile Patrol – similar with mobile patrol discussed
c. Detective Beat System – contiguous area where a team of police investigators is assigned with a
specific task of conducting follow-up investigation to all complaints, reports, referrals and other
requests with the end in view of full compliance and/or filing of case
DETECTIVE BEAT SYSTEM (DBS) – one of the concrete responses of PNP in reinventing the
field of investigation.
- it is concernedwithcrimesolutionand detectives are charged with total investigation responsibility
POLICE BEAT – is concernedwithcrimeprevention

- the patrol officers usually respond to crime incidents for arrest, protection of crime
scene until detectives arrive to investigate.
Guidelines in the Conduct of Patrol

I. Pre-Deployment Phase – conducted by means of formation or assembly in police stations for at
least 30minutes which will be allotted for:
a. inspection as to appearance and completeness of individual equipment.
b. dissemination of assignments, instructions and orders.
II.Deployment Phase – upon arrival at the patrol beat, officer shall report to the desk officer or
dispatcher
- while on patrol, they shall adopt the “buddy-buddysystem”
- upon reaching the end of the line beat, officer shall make a situation report before
returning to their point of origin
- any unusual incident must be reported and/or recorded in the patrol sheet report.
III. Post-Deployment Phase – after the tour of duty, officers shall return to police stations for the
following:
a. surrender the equipment
b. accomplish the Daily Patrol Report
c. Turn-over to the Front-Desk Officer all items
confiscated or recovered during the tour of duty
d. patrol commander shall conduct an accounting of patrol officers before being
dismissed
2. xiliary Components – include security guards, traffic enforcers, barangay tanods, civilian
volunteers and non-governmental organizations
TEAM POLICING SYSTEM – is an attempt to integrate the police and the community interest into a
working relationship so as to produce the desired objective of peace keeping in the community.
- Originated in Aberdeen,Scotland
- Team of 5-10 men is assigned according to concentration of crimes and citizens-calls
for police service.
- Effective police-communitycooperationis critical to the success of a team policing system.
Characteristics of Team Policing

1. Geographic Stability of the Patrol Force – The application of permanent patrolling to foster
greater awareness and sensitivity to local police problems by team members.
2. Maximum Interaction between Team Members – Members must be given opportunity to work
closely together in solving problems.
- Members are encouraged to share information with one another through informal
meetings or conference.
3. Maximum Communication between Team Members and Community Residents – Team policing is
intended to develop a greater sense of understanding and increased cooperation between
members of
the team and community residents.
- Encourage members of the community to attend informal sessions in which they
discussed community problems with the team.
COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING SYSTEM

In Japan, they have operationalized and even institutionalized it through the Koban or Police
Box System.
In Singapore, they are wielding it through the Neighborhood Police Post.
In the United States about 60%of the police departments are implementing it through
Community Oriented Policing/Problem Oriented Policing COP/POP.
In Canada and several countries in Europe and other parts of the world, they are into it also.
In the Philippines, the implementation of National Anti-Crime Strategy (NACS) at the community
level started as mere initiative of some innovative police commanders.
In Bacolod City, the Negros Occidental Provincial Commander of the defunct PC/INP
managed to mobilize the community to support and team up with Bacolod City Police Station through
the Bacolod Citizens for Unity and Peace (BAC–UP) Foundation from June 7, 1986 to date.
On August 8, 1991, the Davao Del Norte Provincial PNP Commander instituted the KAUBAN, an
integratedundertakingofthepolice/barangay/citizenrytomaintainpeaceandorder.
It was also in 1991 when the PNP started implementing the “Koban Philippine style” dubbed as
Pulis Patrol Lingkod Bayan (PPLB).
On May 04, 1993, the PNP started establishing the KABABAYAN Center as Community Oriented
Policing Units.
Finally on August 15, 1994, the PNP adopted and started implementing the Community Oriented
Policing System (COPS).
Basic Principles / Foundation Of COPS

1. Democracy – Philippines is a democratic and republic state.
It is imperative for the people to participate in and support the processes, programs and
activities of the government to attain SUMMUM BONUM or the greatest good for the greatest
number of our people.
2. Criminal Justice – a machinery used by a democratic government to protect the society
against crime and disorder.
3. Who are the Police – according to Robert Peel, “The police are the public and the public
are the police.”
4. People’s Power – the greatest source of power to wage war against crime and other threats
to society lies among the people.
CONCEPT OF COPS
“COPS is a philosophy of full service, personalized policing where the same patrol officers
works in the same area on a permanent basis, from a decentralized place, working in a proactive
partnership with the citizens to identify and solve problems.”
ELEMENTS OF COPS
1. Philosophy – the present and future crime and other disorder requires the police to provide
full service policing and problem solving with the active participation and support of the
community.
2. Personalized – officers should have person to person contact with the members of the community
3. Patrol – officers must work and patrol their defined beat or AOR as often as possible.
4. Permanent – officers should be assigned permanently for at least18monthstodefinedbeat.
5. Place – the AOR should be divided/sectorized into distinctneighborhoodsinurbanareasand
clusters ofbarangaysinruralareas.
6. Proactive – shall have proactive focus of pre-empting, preventing, suppressing, and
deterring crimes. Anticipate or at least detect as early as possible the occurrence of crimes.
7. Policing – provide full service policing in the community
8. Problem Solving – includes those abets or serves as breeding grounds of crime
9. Partnership – establish community partnership
PART
II
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
IMPORTANT TERMS
1. Communication – in general, it is the transfer of thought or idea from one person to another
through channel or medium. Technically, it refers to equipment used which can be electrical or
electronic used to exchange information.
2. Communications – refers to the technical field of study or science which involves
exchange of information through various channels.
3. Communications Medium – the language or code used in transferring information or idea.
4. Amplitude Modulation – modulation in which the amplitude of a wave is subject to
variation of changes. This is used in single side band, double side band, and independent
side band.
5. Frequency Modulation – the amplitude is made constant in the carrier wave together with the
signal.
6. Antenna – metallic wire or rod used for radiating and receiving waves to and from space.
Also termed Aerial.
7. Coordinating Center – is a center base station of a police or law enforcement
communications. Also called Center.
8. Intercommunication (Inter-Com) – wires system used within a building or compound for
direct exchange of calls
9. Intra-Communication – a communication existing within a province, organization or
communication that exists between institutions of farthest distance.
10. Radio – a communication by means of electromagnetic waves transmitted through space.
11. Landline – is a wired form of communication
12. Television Broadcasting (Telecast) – a form of broadcasting through television
13. Subscriber – refers to person, residence or office connected to the Private Base Exchange
(PBX)
14. Dispatcher – personnel in police communication center charged with receiving and
transmitting of messages.
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS – refers to the technical means used by the police which consists of
interrelated but relatively independent sub-systems such as telephone, telegraph, teletype, radio
and television systems and other electronic and automated processes.
ESSENTIALS OF POLICE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

1. Training – messages should be committed to standard handling procedures by trained personnel
2. Dependability – provides that communications must be reliable and available at all times
in good condition
3. Security – provides that communications system must be secured from any criminal action
toward destruction of police organization’s functions.
4. Accessibility – provides that operational units must have convenient access to every
communication that is essential to its efficient operation.
5. Speed – provides that communications must be adequate considering that the quick response
of officers depend on the transfer of information.
6. Confidentiality/Secrecy – provides that informations in the organization must be private and
should not be held public as it relates to suspects or victims.
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

1. Administrative Communications Net – it involves the exchange of non-operational
information among police precincts, units, departments or headquarters.
2. Operational Communications Net – it pertains to exchange of police field informations involving
peace, law and orders as well as general public well being.
Police Radio Operator/Voice Radio Operator/ Dispatcher/ Coordinator – is a person charged with receiving
and transmitting information and is trained in his job.
Requisites of a Good Police Radio Operator

1. Alertness – gives an impression that the operator is awake and interested what the person is
saying on the other line
2. Pleasantness – creates a proverbial voice with smile
3. Naturalness – it involves the utilization of simple straightforward words and avoidance of
repetition.
4. Expressiveness – use of normal tone of voice which should not be too fast or too slow. The
tone of voice will vary on meaning of sentence that the operator is saying
5. Distinctiveness – it involves speaking clearly and distinctly by moving the lips, tongue and jaw
freely.
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
Radio – is a system of communication using electromagnetic waves propagated through space
A. Radio Waves
The radio or electromagnetic waves travel as fast as the speed of light at 186,000
miles per second or 300,000 kilometers per second.
TWO GENERAL TYPES OF RADIO WAVES

1. Ground Wave – is radiated energy that touches along the surface of the earth
2. Sky Wave – is a radiated energy that travels to the ionosphere and is reflected back to earth.
B. Radio Transmitters – generates electrical oscillations at a radio frequency called the carrier
frequency
b.1. Oscillation Generator – converts electrical power into oscillations of a
predetermined radio frequency
b.2. Amplifiers – increases the intensity of oscillations while retaining the desired frequency
b.3. Transducer – converts the information to be transmitted into varying electrical
voltage proportional to each successive instantaneous intensity.
C. Radio Receivers
c.1. Antenna – receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them into electrical
oscillations
c.2. Amplifier – increases the intensity of oscillations
c.3. Demodulator – detection equipment for demodulating
c.4. Speaker – converts the impulses into sound waves audible by the human ear
c.5. Oscillators – to generate radio frequency that can be mixed with incoming waves.
FREQUENCY NEEDED BY THE POLICE DEPARTMENT

□ Above 30 MHz or within Very High Frequency (30–300MHz) – is the frequency needed by the police
departments.
□ 30–300 MHz – is intended for short distances transmission.
ABC’s OF RADIO TRASMISSION

A. Accuracy – the correctness and truthfulness what is being communicated
B. Brevity – using of few words. No unnecessary words or repetitious words in the transmission
C. Courtesy – politeness of the words being used in the communication
Associated Public Safety Communication officers, patrol 10-45Animal carcass in lane at
Inc. 10-46 Assist motorist
10-47 Emergency road repairs needed
APCO TEN SIGNALS
10-0 Caution
10-1 Unable to copy/Change Location
10-2 Signal good
10-3 Stop transmitting
10-4 Acknowledgement/ Roger
10-5 Relay
10-6 Busy-standby unless urgent
10-7 Out of service
10-8 In Service
10-9 Repeat/ Say again
10-10 Fight in progress
10-11 Dog case
10-12 Stand-by
10-13 Weather and road
report 10-14 Report of prowler
10-15 Civil disturbance
10-16 Domestic trouble
10-17 Meet complainant
10-18 Complete the assignment
quickly 10-19 Return to
10-20 Location
10-21 Call by telephone
10-22 Disregard
10-23 Arrived at scene
10-24 Assignment complete
10-25 Report in person (meet)
10-26 Detaining subject,
expedite 10-27 Drivers License
Information
10-28 Vehicle Registration
Information 10-29 Check
record for wanted
10-30 Illegal use of radio
10-31 Crime progress
10-32 Man with gun
10-33 Emergency
10-34 Riot
10-35 Major crime alert
10-36 Correct time
10-37 Investigate suspicious
vehicle 10-38 Stopping suspicious
vehicle 10-39 Urgent use light and
siren
10-40 Silent run- no light or
siren 10-41 Beginning of tour of
duty
10-42 Ending tour of duty
10-43 Information
10-44 Request permission to leave
10-48 Traffic standards needed
repairs 10-49 Traffic lights out
10-50 Accident
10-51 Wrecker needed
10-52 Ambulance needed
10-53 Road Blocked
10-54 Firestock highway
10-55 Intoxicated driver
10-56 Intixicated pedestrian
10-57 Hit and Run
10-58 Direct traffic
10-59 Convoy or escort
10-60 Squad in vicinity
10-61 Personnel in area
10-62 Reply to message
10-63 Prepare to make written
copy 10-64 Message to local
delivery
10-65 Next message
assignment 10-66 Message
cancellation
10-67 Clear to net message
10-68 Dispatch information
10-69 Message received
10-70 Fire alarm
10-71 Nature of fire
10-72 Report progress in fire
10-73 Smoke report
10-74 Negative
10-75 In contact with
10-76 En route
10-77 ETA (estimate time of
arrival) 10-78 Need assistance
10-79 Notified
10-80 Kidnapping
10-81 Stolen vehicle
10-82 Reserve lodging
10-83 Found vehicle
10-84 If meeting advice ETA
10-85 Will be late
10-86 Missing person
10-87 Pick-up checks for distribution
10-88 Advice precent telephone
number of 10-89 Found person
10-90 Bank alarm
10-91 Unnecessary use of
radio 10-92 Wanted person
10-93 Blockade
10-94 Drag racing
10-95 Stole cattle
10-96 Mental subject
10-97 Secret
10-98 Prison jail break
10-99 Record indicate wanted or stolen

(Lea) Police Patrol Oper. With Police Com. System

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QUEST REVIEW CENTER

1550 Espana Blvd. Cor. Lacson Ave., Sampaloc, Manila

POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS

Bryan T. Yang, M.S. Justice

ORIGIN OF THE WORD

PATROUILLER = origin of the word “PATROL”, meaning roughby,totravelonfoot.

BRIEF HISTORY OF PATROL

BASIC POLICE FUNCTIONS

IMPORTANCE OF POLICE PATROL

II. Patrol as the Essence of Police Function

III. Patrol as the Operational Heart of Police Organization

OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL

> P = Proceed to the scene with safety and dispatch

GENERAL GOAL OF PATROL

PATROL FUNCTIONS TO ACHIEVE ITS

BASIC DUTIES OF POLICE PATROL

OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL

4. Emergency Call for Service

CLASSESS OF PATROL ACTIVITIES

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE PATROL DEPLOYMENT

POLICE PERSONNEL DISTRIBUTION

Manning Level of Patrol Force

FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PATROL FORCES

KINDS OF POLICE HAZARDS

FACTORS THAT CREATE HAZARDS

Crime Clock = signifies what time crime is often or frequently committed

3. Geographical Distribution = involves weighing categories of incidents and accounting the

PREPARATIONS FOR PATROL OPERATIONS

TERRITORIAL UNITS IN PATROL

Types of Foot Patrol

Foot Patrol Procedures and Techniques

Advantages of the Foot Patrol

Disadvantages of Foot Patrol

Automobile Patrol Techniques and Procedures

CALLS ENCOUNTERED BY AUTOMOBILE PATROL

Advantages of the Automobile Patrol

Disadvantages of Automobile Patrol

One Man Versus the Two Man Automobile Patrol One

3. Motorcycle Patrol – the two-wheeled motorcycle is quite adaptable to traffic enforcement,

Advantages of Bicycle Patrol

Disadvantages of Bicycle Patrol

Advantages of Fixed-Air Wing Aircraft Patrol

Disadvantages of Fixed-Air Wing Aircraft Patrol

Advantages of Helicopter Patrol

Disadvantages of helicopter Patrol

BREEDS OF DOGS BEST SUITED FOR POLICE WORK

The Traditional Foot Patrol Pattern

2. Counter-clockwise Patrol Pattern

3. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Pattern

4. Straightway and Criss-cross Patrol Pattern It

PATROL TACTICS AND STRATEGIES

II.Proactive and Reactive Patrol

III. Crime Prevention and Crime Suppression

IV. High and Low Visibility

1. High Visibility – it is accomplished by deploying uniformed patrol officers and marked

V. Directed, Interactive and Aggressive Patrol

VI. Stop and Frisk

BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE INTERVENTION OPERATIONS

WARNING BY USE OF MEGAPHONES

Imminent Danger –the dangeris“imminent”ifitisonthepointofhappening. It is not required that the

THINGS TO BE DONE AFTER AN ARMED CONFRONTATION

Grounds for Spot Check

PROCEDURES FOR SPOT CHECK / ACCOSTING