BOLDSTEPS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NYANYA-ABUJA

SS1 FIRST TERM

COMPUTER PROJECT

TITLE:
OUTPUT DEVICES

BY:
JOSEPH FAVOUR

DATE:
7TH OCTOBER, 2023.

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 DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to God Almighty for the wisdom and knowledge he has given to
me. And to my ever loving parents for their care and supports through many ways, to
my teachers and classmates.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I thank God Almighty for making all things possible.

I want to specially acknowledge my computer teacher Mr. Halifax for his numerous
contributions, encouragements and positive impact, and who ensure that I am well
equipped and trained in character and learning. I also record my appreciation to the
entire staff of Boldsteps International School Nyanya, FCT, Abuja.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my beloved Parents,

my siblings and my classmates for their encouragements and overwhelming support to
complete this project. God bless you all.

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 TABLES OF CONTENTS
Title page………………………………………….…………………..……………………………..….1
Dedication……………………………………………………………….……….…………….……..…2
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………….………..…………….……....3
Table of contents………………………………………………………….……..……..………………..4

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction…………………………………………………….……………………..…………………5
Definition of output and output devices ........................................................................................5
Examples of output devices…………………………………………………………….…..……..…….5
Functions of output devices …………….……………………...……………….………………………5
Monitor ……………….……………………………………………………….………………………..5
Structure and types of CRT monitor ……………………………………...………………………...…..5
Types of Monitor………………………………………………………………………………………..7

CHAPTER TWO
Printer……………………………………………………….….……………………..…………………9
Types Of Printer ……………………………………………………………..………………………….9
Plotter ………………………………………………………………………...………………………..12
Types Of Plotter………………………………...…………………………………………..………….13
Differences Between Impact And Non-Impact Printer…………………………….………………….14
Differences Between Monitor And Printer………………………………….………….……………..14

CHAPTER THREE
Speaker…………………………………………………………………….……….…………………..15
Voice input……………………………………………………………….……………….……………15

CHAPTER FOUR
Projector………………………………………………………………….………...…………………..16
Types of projector…………………………………………………………………...…………………16

CHAPTER FIVE
Braille embosser ………………………………………………….………………...………………….18
SUMMARY …………………………………………………….……….…………….………………19
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………..…………….19
REFERENCE …………………………………………………….……………………..……………..19

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 CHAPTER ONE
OUTPUT DEVICES
Introduction
It will be no use inputting data into the computer and not getting the required result. The major reasons
why people use computers are so that they can use them to manipulate data or information into format
that is useful to them. Output devices are critical to the functionality of computers and users must
become acquainted to the different types and how they function

What is output?
Outputs are Data that has been processed into a useful form, called information
What is an output device?
Output device is any piece of computer hardware that converts data/information into human-
perceptible form. It is a means whereby the computer is fed with lots of data be processed and
organized. The data that has been processed into meaningful form is called information.
Any hardware component that can convey information to a user Output devices are devices that
enable the computer to communicate the results of data processing carried out by it to the user. These
devices enable the computer to display text, graphics (pictures and images) or produce sound.

Examples of output devices

1. Monitor
2. Printer:
3. Speaker:
4. Plotter:
5. Projector
6. Braille Embosser etc.
FUNCTIONS OF OUTPUT DEVICES
1. Convert the result generated into human readable form
2. Display the result on the output device
3. Accept the result from the CPU
4. They supply or produces information, results etc.
5. They are used to enable the computer to communicate the results of data processing to the user.

MONITOR
1. The Standard Output Unit just as the Keyboard is the Standard Input Unit. This is
because it provides the immediate output you need from a computer processing unit. The
monitor, also called Visual Display Unit (VDU) is a TV-like structure attached to the System
Unit through the VGA(video graphic array) cable. It displays text and graphics (images). The
content showing on the monitor is called a soft copy.

STRUCTURE AND TYPE OF CRT MONITOR

The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) used as a computer monitor was invented by Karl Ferdinand
Braun. This monitor employs the CRT technology used most commonly in the manufacturing of
television screens. In this, a stream of intense high energy electrons is used to form images on a
fluorescent screen. A cathode ray tube is basically a vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one
end and a fluorescent screen at another end. From this electron gun, a process called thermionic
emission generates a strong beam of electrons. These electrons travel through a narrow path within the

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 tube with high speed using various electro-magnetic devices and finally strike the phosphor points
present on the fluorescent screen, thus creating an image. Today, CRT monitor are being replaced with
flat Plasma screen, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Light Emitting Diode (LED).
cathode ray tube

CRT monitor screen

WHAT IS A LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) MONITOR?

They are Type of flat-panel display that Uses liquid crystals between two sheets of material to present
information on screen. Electric current passes through crystals, which creates images on the screen

SOME FEATURES OF LCD SCREENS

 Lightweight and compact
 Consumes less than one-third of the power than does a CRT
monitor
 Ideal for notebook and handheld computers
 Allows access to the Web or e-mail
 Cellular telephones
 Pagers
 Many use monochrome LCD displays to save battery power

THE TWO TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR LCDMONITORS

Active-matrix display
• Can display high-quality color viewable from all angles
Passive-matrix display
• Color often not as bright
• Images best viewed when working directly in front of display

WHAT IS A VIDEO CARD?

 Converts digital output from computer into analog video signal

 Controls how display device produces picture
 Also called graphics card or video adapter

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 HOW DOES VIDEO TRAVEL FROM THE PROCESSOR TO A CRT MONITOR

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

 Processor sends digital data to video card

 Video card converts digital data to analog signal
 Analog signal sent via cable to CRT monitor
 CRT separates signal into red, green, and blue signals
 Electron guns fire color signals to front of CRT
 Image displays
WHAT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (EMR)?
Magnetic field that travels at speed of light. Small amount produced by all CRT
monitors
TYPES OF MONITOR
There are two types of monitor, namely:

1. Monochrome monitor: A monochrome monitor is a type of CRT computer display which was very
common in the early days of computing, from the1960s through the 1980s, before color monitors
became popular.
They are still widely used inapplications such as computerized cash registersystems
Monochrome monitors actually display two colors, one for the background and one for the foreground.
The colors can be black and white, green and black,or amber and black.

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 • 2. Colour monitor: This monitor displays information in colours. It is similar to a colour television
but it handles data more quickly and has a sharper output. Color monitors can display anywhere from
16 to over 1 million different colors. Color monitors are sometimes called RGB monitors because
they accept three separate signals -- red, green, and blue.

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 CHAPTER TWO
PRINTER
A printer is a device attached to the System Unit through the USB cable or other types of cable. It is
used to produce the information showing on the monitor on paper, transparencies, and plastic. Such a
printout is called a hardcopy. The printing speed is measured in: CPS (characters per second) LPM
(lines per minute) PPM (pages per minute)

TYPES OF PRINTER
There are two types of printer, namely impact and non-impact printers.

IMPACT PRINTERS:
This type of printer behaves like a typewriter whereby a character is printed when a
metal slug strikes on a carbon ribbon. Impact printers have contact with the surface of
the paper. Examples of impact printer include the following:
A. DOT MATRIX printer: This prints characters and graphic images by impacting a
ribbon and transferring dots of ink onto the paper. It prints dot matrix characters by
pressing the end of selected wires against ribbon and paper. The dots are used to form
the characters and images on the paper.

B. LINE printer: This prints a line of character at a time. The output speed is between
200 to 3000 lines per minute (LPM)

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 THESE ARE OF TWO TYPES:
A. Drum Printer
B. Chain Printer
A. Drum Printer
This printer is like a drum in shape hence it is called drum printer. The surface of the drum is
divided into a number of tracks. Total tracks are equal to the size of the paper,
i.e. for a paper width of 132 characters, drum will have 132 tracks. A character set is embossed on
the track. Different character sets available in the market are 48 character set, 64 and 96 characters
set. One rotation of drum prints one line. Drum printers are fast in speed and can print 300 to 2000
lines per minute.

B. Chain Printer: In this printer, a chain of character sets is used, hence it is called Chain
Printer. A standard character set may have 48, 64, or 96 characters.

C. CHARACTER printer: This prints one character at a time moving across the paper. The output
speed range from 200 to 400 characters per second (cps)
D. DAISY-WHEEL: This printer is Similar to a ball-head typewriter; this type of printerhas a plastic
or metal wheel on which the shape ofeach character stands out in relief.
A hammer presses the wheel against a ribbon, which in turn makes an ink stain in the shape of the
character on the paper.
Daisy-wheel printers produce letter-quality print but Cannot print graphics.

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 II. NON-IMPACT PRINTER
Non-impact printer creates images on paper in a manner similar to that of a
photocopying machine. They do not have contact with the surface of the paper.
Examples include:
A. INK JET printer: This prints by spraying small streams of quick-drying ink
onto the paper and using it to form characters, shapes and images. The ink is
stored in disposable ink cartridges, which can be black or colored. They are
found in homes and offices.

B. LASER printer: This uses an electrically charged drum to transfer toner or dry
ink onto paper like the photocopier does. It traces an image by using a computer-
controlled laser beam.

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 B. THERMAL printer: This prints by transferring dots of ink or dye from a ribbon
onto paper and passing the ribbon and the paper across a line of heating
elements. The characters are produced with a print head containing a matrix of
small heating elements. This printer is very quiet in operation because the
printer head does not strike the paper.

MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER(TONER-BASED)

An MFP is an office machine whichincorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one.

A typical MFP may act as a combination of some or all of thefollowing devices:
 Printer
 Scanner
 Photocopier

PLOTTER: A special type of printer used for printing drawings, charts, maps etc. using multi-
coloured automated pens. It is usually used by architects, engineers and surveyors. Though
they are rarely used now and are being replaced by wide-format conventional printers, which
can produce high-quality graphics.

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 PLOTTERS ARE OF TWO KINDS:
 Drum plotter.
 Flatbed plotter.
In a drum plotter, pens mounted on the carriage are stationary and move only horizontally; for vertical
movement, the drum on which the paper is fixed moves clockwise and anti-clockwise.

In a flatbed plotter, the paper is fixed on a flat bed. The paper is stationary and the pens mounted on
the carriage move horizontally and vertically to draw lines. Plotters are mainly used for drawings in
AUTOCAD (computer assisted drafting), Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided
Manufacturing (CAM) applications.

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 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IMPACT AND NON-IMPACT PRINTER
IMPACT PRINTER NON-IMPACT PRINTER
Makes noise while printing Does not make noise while printing
Produces low quality images Produces high quality images
Uses ribbon to print Uses ink (dry and wet) to print
Does not have heating element Has heating element that dries the ink on paper
Prints only one colour at a time Can print more than one colour at a time
Has striking pins/heads that strike the Does not have striking pin heads to strike
characters or dots on paper characters on paper
2. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MONITOR AND THE PRINTER
MONITOR PRINTER
Has screen Has no screen
Uses no ribbon, ink, cartridge or toner Uses ribbon, cartridge, ink or toner
Uses no paper Uses paper and printable medium
Display texts, images and pictures Prints text, images and pictures on paper
Some have vacuum tubes or a liquid crystal Has no vacuum tube or a liquid crystal
Has no paper tray Some have paper tray

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 CHAPTER THREE
SPEAKER

A speaker is a device used for producing sound captured by the microphone or music in mp3,
wav, etc. formats. Speakers come in different forms such as headphones, earphone (canal
phones), headset etc. and can also be used with portable devices such as mp3 player, mobile
phones etc.

WHAT IS VOICE OUTPUT?

This is the process whereby Computer talks to you through speakers on computer
What is an audio output device?
This is a Computer component that produces music, speech, and other sounds
What is Internet telephony?
This allows you to have a conversation over the Web, just as if you were talking on the
telephone

• Headphones give sound output from the computer.

• They are similar to speakers,except
they are worn on the ears so only one
person can hear the output at a time.
•

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 CHAPTER FOUR
PROJECTOR
This is a device that helps directs the content on a display screen (monitor) onto a particular flat
surface.
Projectors are often used in meetings and presentations so that everyone in the room can view the
presentation

TYPES OF PROJECTOR
1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) projector
2. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector
3. Digital Light Processing (DLP) projector

CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) PROJECTOR

 In the early days of projectors, CRTprojectors were commonly used.

 They utilized three tubes, one foreach of the primary colors.
 Due to their large size, low light output and the frequent need to converge and align the images
projected from each of the three tubes, they are no longer commonlyused.
 Long service life; CRT tubes maintain goodbrightness to 10,000 hours.
 CRT projectors are both considerably larger and heavier than comparable LCD and DLP
projectors.
 CRT projectors require far more time to set up andadjust than LCD and DLP based projectors.

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 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) PROJECTOR
 LCD projectors work by utilizing polarized mirrors that pass and reflect only certain colors of
light.
 This causes each channel of red, green and blue to be separated and later re-converged via a
prism after passing through an LCD panel that controls the intensity and saturationof each
color.
 An LCD projector can achieve greater brightness at alower energy consumption
 Smaller than CRT projectors

DIGITAL LIGHT PROCESSING (DLP) PROJECTOR

 DLP projectors can be classified asone-chip or three-chip.
 One-chip DLP projectors can produce more than 16 million colors while three-chip models can
producemore than 35 trillion colors.
 This allows DLP projectors to reproduce more natural and lifelike images.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
BRAILLE EMBOSSER:
This is a device that can generate the printed material using the braille writing system for blind or
visually impaired users.
They press dots down onto a piece of paper to let a person using the braille system read by using their
fingers. They are a form of assistive technology. A braille embosser is also known as a braille printer.
Braille printers receive data from computer devices and emboss that information in braille onto paper
through the use of solenoids that control embossing pins. Braille printers typically print on
heavyweight paper and use up more pages for the same amount of information than pages printed on a
regular printer. They are also slower and noisier. Interpoint printers are braille printers that emboss
braille on both sides of a page.
Braille embossers usually need special braille paper which is thicker and more expensive than normal
paper. Some high-end embossers are capable of printing on normal paper. Embossers can be either
one-sided or two-sided. Duplex embossing requires lining up the dots so they do not overlap (called
"interpoint" because the points on the other side are placed in between the points on the first side).
Once one copy of a document has been produced, printing further copies is often quicker by means of
a device called a thermoform, which produces copies on soft plastic. However the resulting braille is
not as easily readable as braille that has been freshly embossed, in much the same way that a poor-
quality photocopy is not as readable as the original. Hence large publishers do not generally use
thermoforms.

Summary

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 SUMMARY
Outputs are Data that has been processed into a useful form, called information
Output device is any piece of computer hardware that converts data/information into human-
perceptible form. It is a means whereby the computer is fed with lots of data be processed and
organized. The data that has been processed into meaningful form is called information.
Any hardware component that can convey information to a user Output devices are devices that
enable the computer to communicate the results of data processing carried out by it to the user. These
devices enable the computer to display text, graphics (pictures and images) or produce sound.
EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
1. Monitor
2. Printer:
3. Speaker:
4. Plotter:
5. Projector
6. Braille Embosser etc.
FUNCTIONS OF OUTPUT DEVICES
7. Convert the result generated into human readable form
8. Display the result on the output device
9. Accept the result from the CPU
10. They supply or produces information, results etc.
11. They are used to enable the computer to communicate the results of data processing to the user.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, output devices are one of the most important components in the computer system hence
it makes it easier for human to interact with the computer.

REFERENCE

 Classnote.com
 Classhall.com
 Wikipedia
 Whatles.com
 Computer Studies of Senior Secondary Education by Hiit Plc
 www, dzplacide.overblog.com
 inspire.education.gov.ng
 compnote.blogspot.com

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