Embedded Systems in

Medical Applications

Arpitha Mukundraj:4MC20EE004
Nirikshitha S:4MC20EE051
Priyanka K P:4MC20EE062
Applications of Embedded Systems in the
Medical Field:-
 There are numerous uses for embedded
systems in health care.
They are used to monitor vital signs and amplify
sounds from electronic stethoscopes and vital
imaging system,including PET scans,CT scans
and MRIs.
Also includes Pacemaker,CPAP
machines,Glucose meters and other biomedical
sensors
1.Detail information about Digital Hearing Aid:

 The devices used in digital hearing are

Battery,Microphone,Amplifier,Receiver.
 Battery;-It is the power source of the device.It
can be disposable and rechargeable.
 An electonic device that the user wears in or
behind his/her ear is referred as Hearing Aid. It
aids the user to hear sounds louder with clarity
which makes communication effective.
 Microphone;- It is responsible for capturing
sounds from the envirnment and transmits to
the amplifier. There are two types of
Microphones used in Hearing aids. They are:
 Directional Microphones
 Omnidirectional Microphones
 Directional Microphones;-These
types are used to pick up
sounds which are in front of the
user i.e.,only a single direction.
Omnidirectional Microphones:- These
types of Microphones pick up sounds from
all the directions.
 Amplifier:- It accepts signals from microphones and
amplifier or increases the magnitude of the signal.
 Receiver;- Receiver is nothing but Transduct that
accepts signals from amplifeir and converts it back to
sound signal.
2. Pacemaker:-

 An artificial pacemaker is real time embedded

system with hermetically sealed titanium
encapsulation that delivers a synchonized
rhythmic electric stimulus to the heart muscle
in order to maintain an effective cardiac rhythm
for long periods of time.
 Pacemaker system consists of device and loads.
 Cardiac pacemakers are implantable devices
that deliver a controlled,rhythmic electric
stimulus to the heart to maintain a normal
heartbeat.
 Eletrodes and a pulse generator are two
primary components of a pacemaker.
 The pulse generator is set undernthe skin in the
upper chest via 5-cm long incision.
 Through the vein leads are attached to the
heart.
 The pulse generator includes both a battery
and a computer.
 When the heart has an abnormal haertbeat,the
generator changes its cardiac rhythm by
sending an electrical stimilus to the pacemaker.
 Motion sensors and Metabolic sensors are the
two primary categories of rate-responsive
sensors.
 A pacemaker has three components namely
1. Pulse Generator which contains the
battery and circuitry that generates the
stimulus and senses electrical activity.
2. An insulated wire lead that carries the
stimulus from the generator to the
heart and relays intrinsic cardiac
signals back to the generator.
3. A programmable,telemetry device that
provides a two-way communication
between the generator and the
clinician.

Pacemaker

Pacemaker Implanted
3. Glucose Meter:-
 A small device called a Glucose meter or Gluco meter
measure how much sugar is in the blood sample.
 Glucose sensors are biosensors designed to detect
glucose levels,which is vital to managing diabetes.
 The components used in glucose meters are
Analyte,Bioreceptor,Transducer,Electronics and
display.
 The glucose monitoring system is classified into two
types,such as Non-invasive glucose monitoring(NGM)
and Continues glucose monitoring system(CGMS)
 The disadvatages of glucose sensor are it doesnot
eliminate the finger stick blood glucose monitoring.
 So to over come this problem,the CGM system is
providing the real time glucose readings and the
information about glucose level.
 The main advantage of the system is instant reporting
of blood gluose level whether the glucose level is
falling or rising.
 The system provides accurate result and also update
in the cloud everday.
Different components of Glucose meter

Glucose Meter

Instant Reporting Glucose meter

Doctors can now Remotely Monitor their Patients
Health:-

 Doctors are better able to identify emerging problems

or imbalance by using their skills to examine patient
data.
 In recent years,embedded mediacal systems like
pacemakers have altered perceptions of cardiac
health.
 The sensors warn doctors of irregular heartbeats
report on the patient’s heart health.
 The device travels with the patient to thier house,but
the sensors in it alert the doctor can get in touch with
the patient to find a solution.
 In the hospital, a bed is now a smart bed and is no
longer just a bed. Patient’s self-monitoring
throughout the night can be tiresome and time-
consuming.
Conclusion :-

 Medical embedded systems enable people to monitor

their health from home.
 Devices are becoming smaller and more innovative,
which make them simple to operate and comprehend.
 The medical equipment market is working hard to
increase medical equipment’s usability and
responsiveness.
 They are used in monitoring vital signs,amplifying
sounds in electronic stethoscopes.
 It is used in every kind of imaging system,including
PET scans,CT scans and MRI’s etc..,