FEEDBACK

TECHNIQUES
FOR INTEGRATED
TECHNIQUES
What is an Integrated Circuit?

An Intergrated Circuit An IC can function as

(IC) is a semiconductor an amplifier,
wafer on which oscillator, timer,
thousands or millions
counter, logic gate,
of tiny resistors,
computer memory,
capacitors, diodes and
transistors are microcontroller or
fabricated. microprocessor.
FEEDBACK TECHNIQUES IN
INTEGRATED TECHNIQUES

Positive Feedback
or regenerative

Negative feedback
or degenerative
POSITIVE
FEEDBACK
The positive An early use of positive
feedback is in feedback was
regenerative circuits
phase with the
invented in 1914 for the
input, which amplification and
makes the output reception of very weak
larger. radio signals.
 POSITIVE FEEDBACK EXAMPLE
When someone holds a microphone too close to a speaker in a
public address (PA) system, feedback happens in the form of a
high-pitched "whine" or "howl" because the audio amplifier
system hears and amplifies the noise. In particular, this is an
example of positive or regenerative feedback because any
sound picked up by the microphone is amplified and turned into
a louder sound by the speaker. This louder sound is then picked
up by the microphone again, and so on, until the system is
"saturated" and can't make any more noise.
 NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK
WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR CARER, The negative feedback
TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND
The negative feedback
DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT USING amplifier was invented in
ACTUAL BATTERIES, A SMALL LIGHTBULB, AND WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR
1927 by Harold Black while
is out of phase with the
WIRES. CARER,
working
TEST WHETHERat Bell
YOUR Labs. Later
SUGGESTIONS AND
input, which reduces DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT
uses included
USING operational
ACTUAL BATTERIES, A SMALL
the signal, making the LIGHTBULB, AND WIRES.
amplifiers (op amps) and
output smaller. precise variable-frequency
audio oscillators.
Negative Negative feedback has a "dampening"
effect on an amplifier. If the output
Feedback WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR CARER,
TEST signal
WHETHERgets
YOURstronger,
SUGGESTIONS the
ANDfeedback
DRAWINGS WILL
MAKE THE BULB LIGHT USING ACTUAL BATTERIES, A SMALL
signal makes the input
LIGHTBULB, of the amplifier
AND WIRES.
weaker, which goes against the change
in the output signal.

This feedback
WITH THE HELP OF pushes an
YOUR TEACHER amplifier
OR CARER,
This
TEST feedback
WHETHER pushesAND
YOUR SUGGESTIONS anDRAWINGS
amplifier WILL
circuit
MAKE THE toward
BULB LIGHT USING a stable
ACTUAL point.
BATTERIES, A SMALL
circuit LIGHTBULB,
toward AND a stable
WIRES. point.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

JAZTINE L. HOMEREZ