‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬

‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء‬

‫‪Digital Carrier Modulation: Part1‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪم ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬

‫) ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﻚ و اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ‪( III‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‪ /‬اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﻚ و اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪم ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺳﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ وﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ا‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬

‫‪Questions‬‬
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Unipolar and Polar
signaling?

Signaling
Advantage Disadvantage
Method

Simplicity in implementation Lack of DC balance

Unipolar
Susceptibility to noise and
Low power consumption
interference

DC balance, suitable for

Complexity in implementation
long-distance communication
Polar
Better noise immunity Higher power consumption

3. When can we use OOK and ASK?

ASK and OOK communication protocols are commonly used in short-range

wireless applications, examples of which include home automation, industrial
networks, wireless base stations, remote keyless entry (RKE), and tire pressure
monitoring systems (TPMS).

OOK is especially popular in battery-operated portable applications, as such

systems can save on transmit power when (not) sending '0's. Carrier frequencies
involved can vary greatly depending on the applic
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of NRZ and RZ signaling?

Signaling Method Advantages Disadvantages

Simplicity. Lack of synchronization.

Potential baseline
Bandwidth efficiency.
Non-Return-Zero wander.
(NRZ)
DC balance. Limited error detection.

Suitable for long runs of

Susceptibility to noise
the same bit.
Improved Reduced bandwidth
synchronization. efficiency.
Reduced intersymbol Requires precise bit
interference (ISI). timing.
Return-Zero Not suitable for long runs
(RZ) Better signal integrity.
of the same bit.
Potential for high
power consumption
Improved error detection.
due to frequent
signal transitions.
4. Draw the wave forms for the at each stage of the experiment (in time and
frequency domains) and write your comments on the results.

Unipolar NRZ

Figure1 : Time Spectrum of Unipolar NRZ Figure2 : Frequency-Spectrum of Unipolar NRZ

Unipolar RZ

Figure3 : Time-Domian of Unipolar RZ Figure4: Frequency-Spectrum of Unipolar RZ

NRZ requires more power than RZ but its PSD bandwidth is less than that of RZ
Bipolar NRZ

Figure 5: Time-Domain Bipolar NRZ Figure 6: Frequency Spectrum Bipolar NRZ

Bipolar RZ

Figure 7: Time-Domain Bipolar RZ

Figure 8: Frequency Spectrum Bipolar RZ

NRZ requires more power than RZ but its PSD bandwidth is less than that of RZ
The OOK Signal

Figure 9: Time-Domain OOK signal for Unipolar NRZ

Figure 10:Frequency Spectrum OOK signal for Unipolar NRZ

ASK Signal

Figure 11: ASK signal for Bipolar NRZ Figure 12: ASK signal for Bipolar NRZ