THE MAKING

OF A GLOBAL
WORLD
PREPARED BY :
V. JAGAN MOHAN RAO
PGT HISTORY
JNV PUDUCHERRY
THE PRE-MODERN WORLD
From ancient
times,travellers,traders,priests and pilgrims
travelled vast distances for knowledge,
opportunity and spiritual fulfillment.
Silk routes link the world – the silk routes
are a good example of vibrant pre-modern
trade and cultural links between distant
parts of the world.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QLbY3aR1CSo/TvA4
3ISfseI/AAAAAAAAI8U/BGwgjnN6KQw/s1600/
800px-Silk_route.jpg
FOOD TRAVELS :
Spaghetti and Potato
Food offers many examples of long-distance
cultural exchange.
Traders and travelers introduce new crops to the
lands they travelled.
Noodles from china, Arab traders took pasta to
15th century Sicily in Italy.
Potatoes,soya,groundnuts,maize,tomatoes,chillie,
sweet potatoes from America.
 CONQUEST,DISEASE
AND TRADE
Discovery of America.
Many expeditions set off in search of EL Dorado, the fabled
city of gold.
The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonization of
America.
Role of smallpox in America.
Until the 19th century, poverty and hunger were common
in Europe.
Importance of America and shifting of world trade
towards west from India and China
SMALLPOX
SLAVE TRADE
TYPES OF MOVEMENT OR FLOWS
IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
EXCHANGE
FLOW OF GOODS
FLOW OF LABOUR
FLOW OF CAPITAL
 WORLD ECONOMY
TAKES SHAPE
Population growth in Europe.
Corn laws in Britain.
Faster industrial growth in Britain and food
import.
Expansion of Railways.
Migration to America and Australia.
Canal colonies in India – Punjab.
Role of technology – refrigerated ships
Emigrant SHIP
LEAVING FOR THE US
Refrigerated ships
 LATE 19 TH CENTURY
COLONIALISM
Trade flourished and markets
th
expanded in the late 19
century.
Colonization and imperialism
African colonization.
Map of colonial Africa
 RINDERPEST
(CATTLE PLAGUE)
Cattle plague in Africa.
Rinderpest arrived in Africa in the late
1880s.
It was carried by infected cattle imported
from British Asia.
Rinderpest moved west like forest fire.
Along the way Rinderpest killed 90per sent
of the cattle.
Rinderpest in Africa
 INDENTURED LABOUR
MIGRATION FROM INDIA
A bonded laborer under contract to work for an
employer for a specific amount of time, to pay off
his passage to a new country or home.
Most Indian indentured workers came from the
present day regions of eastern
Utterpradesh,Bihar,central India, and Tamilnadu
The main destinations of Indian indentured
migrants were the Caribbean
islands,Maurititius,and Fiji,Ceylon,and Malaya.
INDENTURED LABOUR
 INDENTURED
MIGRANTS
Ramnaresh Sarwan workers discovered their own
ways of surviving.
In Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was
transformed into a riotous carnival called Hosay.
The protest religion of Rastafarianism(made
famous by the Jamaican reggae star Bob marley)
Chutney music popular in Trinidad and Guyana.
v.S Naipaul,shivnarine chanderpaul
Hosay carnival
 INDIAN ENTREPRENEURS
ABROAD
Shikaripuri sheroffs and nattukottai
chettiars.
They were amongst the many groups
of bankers and traders who financed
export agriculture in Central and
Southeast Asia , using there own funds
or those borrowed from European
banks.
INDIAN TRADE ,COLONIALISM
AND THE GLOBAL SYSTEM
Historically ,fine cottons produced in India
were exported to Europe, with
industrialization, British cotton manufactures
began to expand.
Consequently ,the inflow of fine Indian cotton
began to decline. Indian textiles now faced
stiff competition in other international
markets.
Britain's trade surplus in India also helped pay
the so-called ‘home charges’.
Seurat and its river in British
rule
East India company house
,London
 THE INTER-WAR
ECONOMY
The first world war 1914-1918.
This war was the first modern industrial war.
9 million dead and 20million injured.
Most of the killed and maimed were men of
working age.
During the war ,industries were restructured to
produce war-related goods.
Thus the war transformed the US from being an
international debtor to an international creditor.
WAR INDUSTRY
POST- WAR RECOVERY
At the end of war Britain was burdened with
huge external debts.
The war had led to an economic boom.
Unemployment .
Agricultural over production and
unemployment
Growth of US economy and mass production .
Assembly line and Hendry Ford(T-model Ford)
T-model Ford car
Assembly line method
 THE GREAT DEPRESSION
The great Depression began around 1929 and
lasted till mid-1930s.
During this period most parts of the world
experienced catastrophic decline in production,
Employment, Income and Trade.
The depression was caused by
Agricultural overproduction
Withdrawal of US loans.
Collapse of currencies
The Great Depression
INDIA AND THE GREAT
DEPRESSION
The depression immediately
affected Indian trade
Peasants and Farmers suffered
more than urbendwellers.
The depression proved less grim
for urban India.
 REBUILDING A WORLD
ECONOMY THE POST-WAR ERA.
POST-WAR SETTLEMENT AND THE BRETTON
WOODS INSTITUTIONS.
United Nations monetary and Financial
conference held in July 1944 at Bretton
Woods in New Hampshire, USA
IMF(International Monetary Fund )and
World Bank (The International Bank For
Reconstruction and Development)
Second world war
 Decolonization and
independence
Group 77 (G77).
NIEO- New International
Economic Order.
Tariff- Tax imposed on a
country’s imports from the rest
of the world.
END OF BRETTON WOODS AND
THE BEGINNIG OF
GLOBALISATION.
End of fixed exchange rates and
the introduction of a system of
floating exchange rates.
Role of MNCs and demand and
supply methods.
Collapse of soviet union and
growth of China.