國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 ♯3 詳解

單選題
Z 1
1. Suppose f ′′ is continuous on [0, 1], f (1) = 2, f ′ (1) = 2 and the average value of f on [0, 1] is 2. Evaluate x2 f ′′ (x) dx =
0

A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.

Solution: C
Z 1
The average value of f on [0, 1] is 2 ⇔ f (x) dx = 2. Compute, using integration by parts,
0
Z 1 1
Z 1
x2 f ′′ (x) dx = x2 f ′ (x) −2 xf ′ (x) dx
0 x=0 0
 Z 1 
1 1
= x2 f ′ (x)) − 2 xf (x)) − f (x) dx
x=0 x=0 0
 Z 1 
= f ′ (1) − 2 f (1) − f (x) dx = 2 − 2[2 − 2] = 2 .
0

Z ∞
2. e−x sin xdx =
0
1
A. . B. 1. C. 2. D. It diverges.
2

Solution: A ( (
f (x) = sin x, f ′ (x) = cos x,
Using integration by parts, we compute the indefinite integral: with =⇒
g ′ (x) = e−x g(x) = −e−x
Z Z ( ( !
f (x) = cos x, f1′ (x) = − sin x,
e−x sin x dx = −e−x sin x + e−x cos x dx
1
=⇒
g1′ (x) = e−x g1 (x) = −e−x
Z  
sin x + cos x
= −e−x sin x − e−x cos x − e−x sin x dx = −e−x +C
2
Z ∞ Z M
−x 1
=⇒ e sin xdx = lim e−x sin xdx = .
0 M →∞ 0 2

Z
dx
3. √ =
4 − x2
√ 1 x
A. ln x + 4 − x2 + C. B. sin−1 2x + C. C. sin−1 2x + C. D. sin−1 + C.
2 2

Solution: D
可由背公式得到！或 x = 2 sin θ =⇒ dx = 2 cos θ dθ
Z Z Z
dx 3 cos θ dθ x
√ = = dθ = θ + C = sin−1 + C .
2 −x
2 2 2 cos θ 2

Z 1
4. Assume that n is a positive integer. The value of the definite integral (ln x)n dx =
0
(Here 0! = 1 = 1!, (n + 1)! = (n + 1) · n!, ∀n ∈ N.)

A. (−1)n (n!). B. (−1)n nn . C. −(n!). D. (−1)n (n − 1)!.

 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 ♯3 詳解

Solution: A . This is from 109 學年度會考。

Z 1
這類型的問題，第一反應大概是「數學歸納法」提供嚴謹的計算證明！記 In = (ln x)n dx。
0

Z 1
1. n = 1: I1 = ln x dx = [x ln x − x]1x=0 = −1 , where we have used l’Hôpital’s rule when we plug in x = 0.
0
4 個選項都有可能對！
( (
f (x) = (ln x)2 , f ′ (x) = 2 ln x
x ,
2. n = 2: With =⇒ integrate by parts
g ′ (x) = 1 g(x) = x,
Z Z
1   1 1
I2 = (ln x)2 dx = x(ln x)2 −2 ln x dx = −2I1 = (−1)2 2 ,
0 x=0 0

where we have also used l’Hôpital’s rule when we plug in x = 0.(x tends to 0 much faster than (ln x)n tends to
−∞ for any positive integer n, as x → 0+ !)
選擇題考試策略：這裡我們可就選 A ，不必繼續算了！
Z 1 ( (
x)n
n n f (x) = (ln x)n+1 , f ′ (x) = (n+1)(ln
x ,
3. If In = (ln x) dx = (−1) (n!), then by letting ′
=⇒ integrate by
0 g (x) = 1 g(x) = x,
parts
Z 1
In+1 = (ln x)n+1 dx = [x(ln x)n+1 ]1x=0 − (n + 1)In = −(n + 1)[(−1)n (n!)] = (−1)n+1 (n + 1)! , as desired.
0

Z p Z ∞
x √
5. Let f be a nonnegative-valued continuous function satisfying f (t) dt = x − 1. Then f 2 (x) dx =
1 1

1 1 1 1
A. . B. . C. . D. .
8 16 2 4

Solution: B . Z x p √ p 1 1 1
By Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, f (t) dt = x − 1 =⇒ f (x) = √ ⇐⇒ f (x) = =⇒ f 2 (x) = .
1 2 x 4x 16x2
Z ∞ Z ∞   ∞
2 dx −1 1
f (x) dx = = = .
1 1 16x2 16x 16
1

2 2
6. Find the area bounded by the astroid x 3 + y 3 = 1:
y

2 2
x3 + y3 = 1

π π 3π 4π
A. . B. . C. . D. . x
4 2 8 9

Solution: C . This is modified from Exercise ♯65 of Section 10.2 from the text.
 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 ♯3 詳解

From the graph, we may find the area below of the curve in the first quadrant and then multiply by 4.
Z 1 Z 1  32    32 
2 2
A=4 y dx = 4 1−x 3 dx with x = cos θ, y = sin θ =⇒ 1 − x
3 3 3 = sin θ, dx = −3 cos θ sin θ dθ
3 2
0 0
Z Z Z  2  


π π
0 2 2 1 − cos 2θ 1 + cos 2θ
=4 sin3 θ · −3 cos2 θ sin θ dθ = 12 sin4 θ cos2 θ dθ = 12 · dθ
π
2 0 0 2 2
Z Z


π π
3 2 3 2
= (1 − cos 2θ) 1 − cos2 2θ dθ =
(1 − cos 2θ) (1 − cos 4θ) dθ
2 0 4 0
Z π Z π 
3 2 3 2 cos 2θ + cos 6θ
= (1 − cos 2θ − cos 4θ + cos 2θ cos 4θ) dθ = 1 − cos 2θ − cos 4θ + dθ
4 0 4 0 2
  π2
3θ 3 sin 2θ 3 sin 4θ sin 6θ 3π
= − − + = .
4 8 16 16 8
0

(
x(t) = 1 − t2 ,
7. Given a parametric curve r(t) : Which of the following statements is false?
y(t) = t − t3 .

A. This curve has unique vertical tangent line.

B. This curve has unique horizontal tangent line.
C. y = x is a tangent line for the curve.
D. y = −x is a tangent line for the curve.

Solution: B ，改自 108 學年度會考計算證明題！

r′ (t) = (−2t, 1 − 3t2 ) =⇒ |r′ (t)| = 4t2 + 1 − 6t2 + 9t4 = (1 − t2 )2 + 8t2 > 0 =⇒ the
y

x
curve is smooth everywhere. The vertical tangent line occurs when x′ (t) = −2t =

0 ⇐⇒ t = 0. Hence, A is correct.
 
′ 1 ′ 1 2
The horizontal tangent line occurs when y (t) = 1 − 3t = 0 ⇐⇒ t = ± √ and x ±2 √ = ∓ √ ̸= 0. Therefore, B
3 3 3
is false. There should be two horizontal tangent lines, when t = ±1.
The curve intersects itself if there are two distinct times t = a and t = b (with a < b) such that x(a) = x(b) and
y(a) = y(b). The equation x(a) = x(b) gives 1−a2 = 1−b2 so that a2 = b2 . Sincea ̸= b by assumption, we must
have a = −b. Substituting into the equation for y gives y(−b) = y(b) =⇒ −b−(−b)3 = b−b3 =⇒ 2b3 −2b = 0 =⇒
2b(b−1)(b+1) = 0 =⇒ b = −1, 0, 1. Since a < b, the only valid solution is b = 1, which corresponds to a = −1 and results
y ′ (1) y ′ (−1)
in the coordinates x = 0 = b. Thus, the curve intersects itself at (0, 0) when t = ±1 =⇒ ′ = 1 and ′ = −1 .
x (1) x (−1)
Hence, y = ±x are tangent lines through (0, 0) at t = ±1, correspondingly. Hence, C, D are correct.

8. The total number of the intersecting points of the curve r = 2 cos 3θ and r = 2 cos θ is

A. 1. B. 2. C. 6. D. 8.

Solution: B .
 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 ♯3 詳解

r = 2 cos θ

r = 2 cos 3θ

9. Given two polar curves r = −6 cos θ and r = 2 − 2 cos θ. Which of the following points in polar coordinates is not the
intersecting points of these two curves:
     
4π 2π 4π
A. −3, . B. (0, π). C. 3, . D. 3, .
3 3 3

Solution: A .
Since
 r =−6 cos θ is the circle of radius 3 centered at (−3, 0) which lies entirely on the left-half side of the plane and
4π
−3, is a point in the first quadrant. So we choose A .
3
Since the cosine function is even, both curves r = −6 cos θ and r = 2 − 2 cos θ issymmetric  with respect to the polar
1 2π 2π
axis. Solve −6 cos θ = 2 − 2 cos θ ⇐⇒ cos θ = − =⇒ θ = =⇒ r = 3. So 3, is an intersecting point. By
  2 3 3
4π
symmetry, 3, is also an intersecting point.
 π 3
0, satisfies r = −6 cos θ and (0, 0) satisfies r = 2 − 2 cos θ, so the pole is another intersecting point.
2

10. The area of the polar region R common to the two regions bounded by the curves r = −6 cos θ and r = 2 − 2 cos θ is
A. π. B. 3π. C. 5π. D. 7π.

Solution: C .
y

( )
3, 2π
3

r = 2(1 − cos θ)

r = −6 cos θ
x

( )
3, 4π
3

r = −6 cos θ is the circle of radius 3 centered at (−3, 0) in Cartesian coordinates and r = 2 − 2 cos θ is a cardioid. Both
are symmetric with respect to the x-axis
Z
1 πh 2 2
i
A = 9π − 2 · (−6 cos θ) − (2 − 2 cos θ) dθ
2 2π 3
Z π Z π
 
= 9π − 32 cos2 θ + 8 cos θ − 4 dθ = 9π − [12 + 16 cos 2θ + 8 cos θ] dθ
2π 2π
3 3
π
= 9π − [12θ + 8 sin 2θ + 8 sin θ] 2π
= 5π .
3
 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 ♯3 詳解

Z π h i
1 2 2
Here, the boxed term= (−6 cos θ) − (2 − 2 cos θ) dθ is shown in the following graph
2 2π
3

y
θ = 2π
3

r = −6 cos θ
x
θ = π r = 2(1 − cos θ)

多選題
1. WhichZ of the following integrals
Z 3 are the area enclosed by yZ = x and y 2 = x +
Z 6?
−2 √ √
−2 √ 3 √

A. 2 x + 6 dx + x + 6 − x dx; B. 2 x + 6 dx − x + 6 − x dx;
Z 3 −6 −2
Z 3−6 −2



C. y − y + 6 dy;
2
D. y − y − 6 dy.
2
−2 −2

Solution: A, C 這題是 100 學年度會考題！

y y
(3, 3) (3, 3)

y = x y = x
(−2, 2)

(−6, 0)
x x

y2 = x + 6 (−2, −2) y2 = x + 6 (−2, −2)

2. Which of the following improper integrals are DIVERGENT?

Z ∞ Z ∞p √ Z 1 Z ∞
dx 1+ x dx arctan x dx
A. 4/3 (ln x)1/3
; B. √ dx; C. 3
; D. .
3 x 1 x 0 x 3 x1/2

Solution: B, C, D
1 1 4
(A) is convergent, because 0 < 4/3 1/3
≤ 4/3 for x ≥ 3 and > 1.
p x (ln x) x 3
√
1+ x 1
(B) is divergent, because √ > 1 > 0 for x ≥ 1 and 1 > 12 .
x x2
1
(C) is divergent, because 3 > 0 for x ∈ (0, 1] and 3 > 1.
x
arctan x π 1
(D) is divergent, because 1/2
> 1 for x ≥ 1 and < 1.
x 4x 2 2

3. Let f : [0, 1] −→ R be a one-to-one continuous function satisfying f (0) = 0, f (1) = 2 and g be the inverse function of f . Let
S be the solid obtained by rotating the region , {(x, y) | y ∈ [0, f (x)], x ∈ [0, 1]}, about the horizontal line y = −1. Which of
the followingZ integrals denotes the volume of
Z S. Z Z
1 2 2 2
2 2
A. π (f (x) + 1) dx −π ; B. π (g(y) + 1) dy; C. 2π (y + 1)g(y) dy; D. 2π y(g(y) + 1) dy.
0 0 0 0

Solution: A, C 這題是修改自 103 學年度會考題，背公式！！

填空題
 國立陽明交通大學 111 學年度微積分 I 課號：564010 測驗 ♯3 詳解
Z π
1. x cos2 x dx = (1) .
0

Solution:
Z π Z π Z Z Z
2 1 + cos 2x 1 π 1 π 1 π
x cos x dx = x dx = x + x cos 2x dx = x dx + x cos 2x dx
2 2 0 2 0 2 0
0 0
Z ( ( !
π2 1 π f (x) = x, f ′ (x) = 1,
= + x cos 2x dx with =⇒
4 2 0 g ′ (x) = cos 2x g(x) = sin22x
 x=π Z  Z  x=π
π2 1 x sin 2x 1 π π2 1 π π2 cos 2x
= + − sin 2x dx = − sin 2x dx = +
4 2 2 x=0 2 0 4 4 0 4 8 x=0

π2
= .
4

Z 1 p
2. x2 + 9 dx = (2) .
0

Solution: Using the substitution rule with x = 3 tan u ⇒ dx = 3 sec2 u, we compute

Z 1 p Z tan−1 1
3
x2 + 9 dx = 9 sec3 u du
0 0
( ( !
f (u) = sec u f ′ (u) = sec u tan u
Using integration by parts, with ⇒
g ′ (u) = sec2 g(u) = tan u
" Z #
tan−1 1 tan−1 1
3
3
= 9 sec u tan u − sec u tan2 u du
0 0
" Z #
tan−1 1 tan−1 1
3

3
= 9 sec u tan u − sec u sec u − 1 du
2
0 0
Z Z " Z Z #
1 p tan−1 31 tan−1 1
3
tan−1 1
3 tan−1 1
3
x2 + 9 dx = 9 sec3 u du = 9 sec u tan u − sec3 u du + sec u du
0 0 0 0 0
Z √ √ !
tan−1 1
tan−1 1
1 3 3 10 1 10 + 1
=⇒ sec u du = [sec u tan u + ln | sec u + tan u|]
3
= + ln
0 2 0 18 2 3
Z 1p √ √ !
10 9 10 + 1
=⇒ x2 + 9 dx = + ln .
0 2 2 3

B
√
10
1

C θ A
3

1
3. Let D be the region enclosed by the curve y = 10x − x2 − 21 4 and the x-axis. The volume of the solid obtained by
revolving D about the x-axis is (3) .
 Solution:
y
( )1
y = 10x − x2 − 21 4

x
(3, 0) (7, 0)

1 1
y = 10x − x2 − 21 4 = (−(x − 3)(x − 7)) 4 =⇒ 3 ≤ x ≤ 7
Z Z Z
7 7
1 7
21
V =π y 2 dx = π 10x − x2 − 21 2 dx = π 4 − (x − 5)2 dx
3 3 3
 π π
with x − 5 = 2 sin θ =⇒ 4 − (x − 5)2 = 4 cos2 θ, dx = 2 cos θ dθ, x = 3 =⇒ θ = − and x = 7 =⇒ θ =
2 2
Z π
2
Z π
2
=π 4 cos2 θ dθ = 2π (1 + cos 2θ) dθ = 2π 2 .
−π
2 −π
2

4. Find the total arc length of the cardioid r = a(1 − cos θ), a > 0, is (4) .

Solution:
y The arc length, by symmetry,
r = a(1 − cos θ) Z πp Z π
√
s=2 2 ′2
r (θ) + r (θ) dθ = 2a 2 − 2 cos θ dθ
0 0
x Z π r Z π Z π
θ θ θ
=2 4 sin2 dθ = 4a sin dθ = 4a sin dθ
0 2 0 2 0 2
= 8a .