NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

SEMESTER 1, 2021/2022

MA2002 Calculus Tutorial 8 (18th October – 22nd October)

T UTORIAL PART I

This part consists of relatively basic questions which cover the course materials. The solu-
tions to these questions will be recorded.

1. Evaluate the following indefinite integrals.

cos(π/x)
Z Z
(a) d x, (b) (2 + tan2 θ) d θ,
x2
1
Z Z
(c) cos θ (tan θ + sec θ) d θ, (d) p p d x,
x (1 + x)2
sec2 y
Z Z
(e) p d y, (f ) csc x d x,
1 − tan2 y
Z q
(g) 1 + sin2 (x − 1) sin(x − 1) cos(x − 1) d x.

2. Evaluate the following definite integrals.

Z 1 Z 4 ¯p
x 2 (x + 1)2 d x,
¯
(a) (b) ¯ x − 1¯ d x,
0 0
Z −1/2 µ
1
¶ Z 4 dx
−2 2
(c) t sin 1 + dt, (d) .
−1 t 2 x(ln x)2

3. For each of the following functions, find the area of the region between the graph of the
function and the x-axis.

(a) y = x 3 − 3x 2 + 2x, x ∈ [0, 2].

p
(b) y = x 4 − x 2 , x ∈ [−2, 2].

4. Evaluate the following improper integrals.

16 tan−1 x
Z ∞ ∞
2x
Z
(a) 2 2
d x, (b) d x,
−∞ (x + 1) 0 1 + x2
Z a
1
(c) p
5
d x (a > 0).
0 x

1
 MA2002 CALCULUS TUTORIAL 8 2

5. Let f be a continuous function on [0, 1]. Show that

Z π
π π
Z
x f (sin x) d x = f (sin x) d x.
0 2 0
Z π
x sin x
Hence, evaluate the integral 2
d x.
0 1 + cos x

6. Evaluate the derivative of f −1 at 2. (You may assume that the function is one-to-one in its
domain without proof.)
p
(a) f (x) = x 5 − x 3 + 2x, (b) f (x) = x 3 + x 2 + x + 1.

7. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of y with respect to x.

r
3 x(x − 2) x sin x
(a) y = , (b) y = p .
x2 + 1 sec x

T UTORIAL PART II

This part consists of relatively difficult questions to promote independent learning and in-
culcate critical thinking abilities. The solutions will not be recorded. You may attempt them
after you have gained a good understanding of the questions in Part I. The complete solution
of this part is provided.

1. Find the interval [a, b] for which the value of the integral
Z b
(2 + x − x 2 ) d x
a

is a maximum.

2. Let a > 0, and let f be continuous on [0, a].

(i) Show that Z a f (x)

Z a f (a − x)
dx = d x.
0 f (x) + f (a − x) 0 f (x) + f (a − x)

(ii) Using part (i), show that

Z a
f (x) a
dx = .
0 f (x) + f (a − x) 2
x4
Z 1
Hence, evaluate the definite integral 4 4
d x.
0 x + (1 − x)

3. (i) Let M > 0. Use the identity ln x r = r ln x (x > 0, r ∈ Q) to find a number c > 0 such
that ln c > M .

(ii) Let M > 0. Use part (i) and the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there exists
x 0 > 0 such that ln x 0 = M .
 MA2002 CALCULUS TUTORIAL 8 3

(iii) Let M < 0. Use part (ii) to show that there exists x 0 > 0 such that ln x 0 = M .

(iv) Use the above to conclude that the range of ln x is R,

lim ln x = ∞ and lim ln x = −∞.

x→∞ x→0+

Answers to Part I:

1 ³π´ 2
1. (a) − sin +C , (b) θ + tan θ +C , (c) θ − cos θ +C , (d) − p +C ,
π x 1+ x
1¡ ¢3/2
(e) sin−1 (tan y) +C , (f) − ln |csc x + cot x| +C , (g) 1 + sin2 (x − 1) +C .
3
31 1 1 1
2. (a) , (b) 2, (c) − sin 2, (d) .
30 2 4 2 ln 2
1 16
3. (a) , (b) .
2 3
5
4. (a) 0, (b) 2π2 , (c) a 4/5 .
4
π2
5. .
4
1 2
6. (a) , (b) .
4 3
r
1 3 x(x − 2) 1 x sin x 1
µ ¶ µ ¶
1 2x 1
7. (a) + − , (b) p + cot x − tan x .
3 x2 + 1 x x − 2 x2 + 1 sec x x 2