University of Pretoria

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics

WTW 164: Summer School January 2022

Theme 2
Worksheet 1: Fundamental Theorem
Z x
1. Sketch the area represented by g(x) = (2 + cos t)dt.
π
Now find g 0 (x) in two ways:

(a) by using Part 1 of the FTC and

(b) by evaluating the integral using Part 2 and then differentiating.

2. Use Part 1 of the FTC to find the derivative of the function:

Z 17
(a) y = sin(t4 ) dt
tan x
Z 5x+1
1
(b) y = du
1 u2 −5
t
s2
Z
(c) g(t) = √ ds
t s2 + 1

3. Use Part 2 of the FTC to evaluate the integral, or explain why it does not exist.
Z 4
(a) (3x − 5) dx
−2
Z 2
(b) x−2 dx
1
Z 2
(c) x−1 dx
−1

Worksheet 2: Indefinite integrals

1. Find the following integrals:
Z
√
  Z 3 
1 1 1
(a) x x2 − dx (b) − dt
x 1 t2 t4
2. Evaluate the following integrals by using a substitution where necessary

√ 4
Z Z Z
cos(ln x) x
(a) x x − 1dx (b) dx (c) √ dx
x 0 1 + 2x
Z  2 Z Z
x 2x + 3 dx
(d) dx (e) √ dx (f) √
1 + 2x x+2 x+1
Z 3 Z 3 √
x sin x
(g) √ dx (h) √ dx
0 4−x 0 x

3. Technique Mastering Questions A) and B)

Worksheet 3: Integration Techniques & Trigonometric sub-
stitutions
1. Evaluate the following integrals:
Z Z 4 Z
dt
(a) x sec x tan x dx (b) (c) x tan−1 x dx
1 (2t + 1)3
Z 4 √
Z Z π/2
(d) ln x dx (e) e−θ cos 3θ dθ (f) sin2 3x dx
1 0
√
Z Z Z 3/2
dx
(g) tan x sec4 x dx (h) 3 4
sin 2x cos 2x dx (i) √
1/2 x2 1 − x2
Z Z Z
dx p dx
(j) √ (k) 5x 1 + x2 dx (l) √
x3 x2 − 16 x2 + 4x + 8
Z Z Z
dx dx dx
(m) (n) √ (o)
4x2 + 9 3 − 7x2 x2 + 10x + 30

Worksheet 4: Integration by Partial Fractions

1. Evaluate the following integrals:
x2
Z Z
x+1
(a) dx (b) dx
x+1 x3 + x2 − 2x

3x2 + 4x + 1 2x3 + x2 + 2x + 2
Z Z
(c) dx (d) dx
(x + 2)3 x4 + 3x2 + 2

2x3 + x2 + 4
Z 4
x − x3 − 3x2 − 2x + 1
Z
(e) dx (f) dx
(x2 + 4)2 x3 + x2 − 2x

2. Technique Mastering Questions F)

Worksheet 5: Improper Integrals

1. Determine whether each integral is convergent or divergent. Evaluate those that are convergent.
Z π/2 Z ∞
2 dx
(a) sec x dx (b)
π/4 0 (x + 2) (x + 3)
Z 3 Z 5
dx dx
(c) 2
(d)
−∞ x +9 4 (5 − x)2/5
Z ∞
dx
(e)
−∞ x2 + 4x + 6
2. Use the comparison test to determine whether the integral is convergent or divergent
Z ∞
dx
(a) √
1 x3 + 1
Z ∞
tan−1 x
(b) dx
1 2 + ex
Z ∞
sin2 x
(c) dx
1 x2

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 3. Find the area S (if it is finite)

ln x
(a) S = {(x, y)} x ≥ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ }
x2

1
(b) S = {(x, y)} x ≥ 0, 0 ≤ y ≤ √ }
x+1

Worksheet 6: Area between Two Curves

1. Sketch the region bounded by the given curves and find the area of the region.

(a) y = x + 1, y = (x − 1)2 , x = −1, x = 2

(b) y = x, y = x3 −1 < x < 1
(c) y = ex , y = e3x , x = 1, x = 0
(d) y = x, y = sin x, x = −π/4, x = π/2

Worksheet 7: Volume of a Solid of Revolution

1. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves about the
x-axis

(a) y = x2 − 1, y = 0 , x = 0, x = 2
(b) y = |x + 2| , y = 0 , x = −3, x = 0

2. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region
bounded by the given curves about the specified line.

(a) y = ln x, y = 1, x = 1; about the x-axis

√
(b) y = x − 1, y = 0, x = 5; about the y-axis

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Worksheet 8: Arc Length
1. Find the length of the curve
1 2
3/2
(a) y = x +2 ,0≤x≤1
3
π
(b) y = ln (cos x) , 0 ≤ x ≤
4
x4 1
(c) y = + 2, 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
4 8x
2. Set up, but do not evaluate, the length of the curve of x = y + y 3 , 1 ≤ y ≤ 4

Worksheet 9: Area of a Surface of Revolution

1. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the x−axis

(a) 2y = x + 4, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

y4 1
(b) x = + ,1≤y≤3
2 16y 2

2. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the y−axis

(a) y = 1 − x2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
p
(b) x = 2y − y 2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ 1

Theme 4
Worksheet 10: Parametric Equations
1. Sketch the curve by using the parametric equations to plot the points, then eliminate the parameter
to find a Cartesian equation of the curve

(a) x = t2 , y = 6 − 3t, −3 ≤ t ≤ 3
√
(b) x = et , y = t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

(c) x = cos t, y = cos 2t

Worksheet 11: Calculus with Parametric Curves

dy d2 y
1. Find and
dx dx2
(a) x = t2 + t, y = t2 + 1

(b) x = tan t, y = cos 2t

2. Find an equation of the tangent to the curve:

(a) x = t2 + t, y = t2 − t; t = 0

(b) x = t sin t, y = t cos t; t = π

(c) x = 2t + 3, y = t2 + 2t; at the point (5, 3)

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 (d) x = 5 cos t, y = 5 sin t; at the point (3, 4)

3. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral that represents the length of the curve

(a) x = t3 , y = t4 ; 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
π
(b) x = t sin t, y = t cos t; 0 ≤ t ≤ 2

4. Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral that represents the area of the surface obtained by rotating
the curve x = t3 , y = t4 ; 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 about the x−axis.

5. The curve C is defined by

x = cos t, y = sin 2t, t ∈ [0, 2π]

(a) Show that C has two tangent lines at the point (0, 0) and find the equations of the tangent lines.

(b) Find the points (x, y) at which C has (1) a horisontal and (2) a vertical tangent line.

(c) Sketch C.

Worksheet 12: Polar Coordinates

1. Sketch the region in the plane consisting of points whose polar coordinates satisfy the given conditions:
π π
(a) 0 ≤ r ≤ 2; and 2 ≤θ≤π (b) 0 < θ < 4

2. Find a Cartesian equation for the curve described by the given polar equation and identify the curve
(a) r sin θ = 2 (b) r = 2 sin θ

1
(c) r = (d) r2 = θ
1 − cos θ
3. Find a polar equation for the curve represented by the given Cartesian equation
(a) y = 5 (b) y = 2x − 1

(c) x2 = 4y (d) 2xy = 1

4. Find the slope of the tangent line to the given polar curve
π
(a) r = 3 cos θ; θ = 3
 
(b) r = cos θ + sin θ; in the point √1 ; √1
2 2
√ 
3 1
(c) r = 2 + 4 cos θ; in the point 2 ;2

5. Describe the area enclosed by the following in terms of polar equations.

(a) y ≥ x, x2 + y 2 ≤ 4

(b) x2 + y 2 ≥ 4, 0 < x ≤ 6, y > 0

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Worksheet 13: Conic sections
1. Sketch the graph of x2 − 10x + y 2 = −9. (Show all relevant information)

2. Find the equations of the following:

(a) Parabola with focus (0, 7) and vertex at the origin

(b) Parabola with diretrix x = 1 and vertex at the origin

3. Find the vertex and focus of the parabola y 2 = − 98 x.

x2 y2
4. Find the center and vertices of the ellipse 49 + 4 =1

5. Sketch the graph of x2 + 4y 2 = 16. (Show all relevant information)

6. Find the vertices and asymptotes of the hyperbola 9y 2 − 16x2 = 144

7. Find the standard form of the hyperbola with vertices (0, ±6) and foci (0, ±7) .

8. Find the standard form of the ellipse with foci (±4, 0) and major axis length of 12.

9. Sketch the graph of 9x2 − 9y 2 = 81. (Show all relevant information)

Worksheet 14: Vector Functions and Space Curves

t
1. Find the domain of the vector function r(t) = ln ti + j + e−t k
t−1
 
1 − cos t 3 −1/t2
2. Find the limit if t → 0 of r(t) = ,t ,e
t
3. Sketch the curve given by r(t) = hsin t, t, cos ti

Worksheet 15: Derivatives of Vector Functions

1. Sketch the plane curve, find r0 (t) and sketch the position vector r(t) and the tangent vector r0 (t) for
the given value of t.

(a) r(t) = t3 , t2 , t = 1

(b) r(t) = et i + e−2t j, t = 0

√√
2. Find the domain and derivative of r(t) = t2 − 4, t − 4, 6 − t
√
3. Find the unit tangent vector T (t) at t = 1 if r(t) = t, t − t2 , tan−1 t

4. Find parametric equations for the tangent line to the curve

(a) r(t) = t, t2 , t3 at (1, 1, 1)

(b) x = t cos 2πt, y = t sin 2πt, z = 4t at 0, 14 , 1

(c) x = cos t, y = 3e2t , z = 3e−2t at (1, 3, 3)

Theme 5

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Worksheet 16: Partial Derivatives - Functions of Several
Variables
2 −y
1. Let f (x, y) = ex

(a) Evaluate f (2, 4)

(b) Find the domain of f

(c) Find the range of f

2. Find and sketch the domain of the function

p
(a) f (x, y) = xy x2 + y
p
9 − x2 − y 2
(b) f (x, y) =
x + 2y
(c) f (x, y) = ln(xy − 1)

3. Sketch the graph of the function

(a) f (x, y) = x

(b) f (x, y) = x2 + 9y 2
p
(c) f (x, y) = 16 − x2 − 16y 2

(d) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 + 5

4. Draw a contour map of the function showing several level curves

x
(a) f (x, y) =
y

(b) f (x, y) = x2 + 9y 2

(c) f (x, y) = exy

5. Partial Derivatives - Limits and Continuity.(Self study, but not for examination purposes.)

Stewart p899 1,2(a),6,11,14,25,29,32,34.

Stewart p911 4(a),5,15,16,17,26,41,58,73.

Worksheet 17: Tangent Planes

1. Find an equation of the tangent plane to the given surface at the specified point.

(a) z = 3y 2 − 2x2 + x at (2, −1)

(b) z = xexy at (2, 0)

(c) z = x sin (x + y) at (−1, 1)

(d) z = ln |x − 2y| at (3, 1)

Theme 1

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Worksheet 18: Dot product, cross product, lines in space.
1. Given a =< 2, 2, 0 >, b =< −1, 1, 0 > and c =< 0, 1, 1 > .

(a) Explain why a and b form two sides of a right-angled triangle.

(b) Find the angle between b and c.

2. Line L passes through the points (1, 2, 3) and (2, 0, 2).

(a) Find the vector equation, the parametric equations and the symmetric equations of L.
(b) Determine whether (2, 0, 3) and (3, −2, 1) are points on L.
(c) Find the parametric and symmetric equations of line M , parallel to L, but through the point
(5, 2, 0).

3. Consider lines L1 and L2 :

L1: hx, y, zi = h1, 1, 1i + t h1, 2, 3i L2: hx, y, zi = h0, 1, 0i + s h2, 2, 4i .

(a) Determine the point of intersection of the two lines if it exists.

(b) Determine the equation of the line through the point (1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to both
L1 and L2.

4. Find the vector equation of the y-axis.

5. Find the vector equation of the line that intersects the x− axis in 3 and the y−axis in 4.
x y
6. Describe or sketch the line with symmetric equations = , z = 1
2 3

Worksheet 19: Planes

1. Determine the equation of the plane that intersects the X-axis at 2, the Y -axis at 3 and the Z-axis
at 4.
2. Find the equation of a plane through (−3, 4, −1) and perpendicular to the line with parametric
equations.
x = 2 − t, y = −3 + 2t, z = 1 + 4t
3. Determine where the line < x, y, z >=< 2, 0, 2 > +t < −1, 3, 4 > intersects the plane 2x − y + z = 3
4. (a) Find the line of intersection of the planes 2x + y − z = 2 and x − y − 3z = 0.
(b) Find the cosine value of the angle between the two planes in 4(i).
5. Determine the equation of the plane that is parallel to the xy-plane and that passes through the
point (1, 2, 3).
6. Find the distance between the plane x − y + 2z + 3 = 0 and the point (1, −1, 1)

Worksheet 20: Systems of linear equations: Gaussian elimi-

nation
1. Solve the following systems and give the solution in vector format in each case. Discuss the geometric
interpretation
 of the 
solution in each case.   
1 2 2 5 1 2 2 5 1 2 2 5
(a)  0 3 4 10  (b)  0 3 4 10  (c)  0 2 4 10 
0 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
 
  2 2 6
1 2 -3 0
(d) (e)  0 4 4 
0 0 4 8
0 3 6

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 2. Solve by means of Gaussian elimination:
 
    1 1 0 0 2
1 2 -2 1 1 2 -2 1  0 0 1 1 4 
(a)  2 0 -2 0  (b) 2 0 -2 0  (c) 
 1

1 3 3 14 
0 1 -1 0 0 4 -2 2
2 2 -1 -1 -2

3. Solve the system (if possible) by means of Gaussian elimination of the augmented matrix.

x − 2y = 0
(a) 3x + 4y = −1
2x − y = 3

x + y + 2z = a
(b) x+z =b
2x + y + 3z = c
4. Given x + ay = 0, x + y = b.
Write the system as an augmented matrix and use Gaussian elimination to answer the following:
For what values of a and b will the system have
(i) no solution (ii) a unique solution (iii) infinitely many solutions?

Worksheet 21: Solving linear systems and matrix multipli-

cation
1. Find the solution(s) (if any) of the system

x + 2y + z − w = 1
(a) 3y − z + w = −3
x + 2z − 2w = 6

x + 2y + z = 1
3y − z = −3
(b)
x + 2z = 6
y − 2z = −4
 
2 −1 3 0
2. Given the system 0 k
 1 2 
0 0 k2 − k − 2 k−2
For what values of k will the system have
(i) infinitely many solutions (ii) no solutions (iii) a unique solution?
 
2 1  
1 2 2
3. If A = 0  −3 , C =

−3 3 −1
3 6
(i) Find the products (if it exists): AC, CA, C 2 .
(ii) Solve for X : 2A + X = 3C T
       
1 1 2 1
4. Given the matrices X =  0  , Y =  1  , Z =  −1  , W =  1 
1 0 3 1
(i) Find scalars a and b such that Z = aX + bY
(ii) Show that there are no scalars a and b such that W = aX + bY
(iii) Show that if aX + bY + cW = O then a = b = c = 0

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 5. Which of the following are true in general for n × n matrices A and B? If it is true refer to a property
by name.
(i) A(A + B) = A2 + AB
(ii) AB + BA = 2AB
(iii) IA = A

6. Prove that if AB = AC (where A, B, C are n × n matrices) then it does not imply that B = C.

7. Explain why the following is not generally true for n × n matrices A and B:
(A − B)(A2 + AB + B 2 ) = A3 − B 3

Worksheet 22: Inverse matrices

1. Determine the inverseof the followingmatrices, if possible.
  0 1 3 5
2 −1
(a) (b) 1 −3 0 2 
3 5
2 −6 2 0
2. Prove that

(a) (ABC)−1 = C −1 B −1 A−1

(b) Prove that if (A − I)−1 = A − I then A2 = 2A .

3. If A, X and B are n × n matrices and A is invertible, solve for X when

(a) AXA + A = B
(b) XA−1 = AB
(c) AX + 2A = B
   
1 2 2 3
4. Determine X if X=
2 3 −5 1

5. If det(A) = 0, what can you conclude about the number of solutions of the system Ax = 0?

Worksheet 23: Determinants

   
2 3 0 x y 1
1. Given thatA =  3 2 2  , B =  0 2 1 
−1 4 0 −2 0 1

(a) Expand det(A) about the first column.

(b) Expand det(A) about the third row.
(c) Determine det(B) and say which curve has the equation det(B) = 0
 
1 1 7
2. Let B =  0 2 0 
−2 4 0

(a) Determine the determinant of B.

 T  T
(b) Use Cramer’s rule to solve Bx = b for x1 if b = 3 2 1 and x = x1 x2 x3 .
 
a1 a2 a3
3. If det(A) = −2 with A =  b1 b2 b3  . Evaluate the determinants of the matrices B, C and D,
c1 c2 c3
where

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  
a3 a2 a1
(a) B =  b3 b2 b1 
c3 c2 c1
 
a1 a2 a3
(b) C =  b1 b2 b3 
2c1 2c2 2c3
 
a1 a2 a3
(c) D =  b1 + 3c1 b2 + 3c2 b3 + 3c3 
c1 c2 c3

4. Given that A = [aij ] is a 4 × 4 matrix with |A| = 5. Give the values of (i) 4|A| (ii) |4A| (iii)
(2A)−1

Theme 3:
Worksheet 24: Complex numbers.
1. Let z = 1 − i and w = 2 + 3i. Simplify and leave your answer in the form a + bi.
z
i z−w ii zw iii w̄ + z iv |w| + |z| v w vi w̄z
1 + ki
2. Let z = with k ∈ R and k 6= 0 .
1 − ki
i. Write z in the form a + ib.
ii. Find all values of k for which the real part of the complex number z in (i) is zero.

3. Write (3 − 4i)−1 in the form a + ib.

4. Solve the equation (2 + xi) (3 − 2i) = 12 + 5i for the real number x without using division.

5. Solve the equation (2 − 3i) z − i = 0 for the complex number z .Write z in the form a + ib.

6. Plot the regions given by (i) {a + ib| − 1 ≤ a ≤ 2, 1 ≤ b < 3 } (ii) |z − 1| = 4

7. Solve the following equation −5x2 + 2x − 3 = 0.

8. Solve the following equation x2 + 3x + 3 = 0.

9. Let z = a + ib and w = c + id be complex numbers. Prove that (zw) = z̄ w̄

10. Solve the following

√ in C (write your answers in the form a + ib)
2
i x = 6 − 6 3i ii x4 − 16 = 0.

11. Determine the cube roots of 8.

z4 √
12. Given (i) 3
, (ii) (z4 )4 (z2 )3 where z2 = −1 + 3i and z4 = 3i.
(z2 )
i Write the complex numbers given in polar form.
ii Do the required calculations and give your answer in a + ib form.

13. Write the following numbers in polar form by plotting them (no calculations required):
i z = −6i
ii z = 5
iii z = −2

14. Show that if z = rcisθ then z = rcis(−θ).

15. Solve for z if z 4 = (1 + i)3

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16. Sketch the third roots of i.

17. Write the following complex number z = e2+π/4i in the form a + ib.

18. Find i25 , 1

i4
and i−5 .

Worksheet 25: Factorisation of polynomials

1. Determine a such that (x − i) is a factor of f (x) = x2 + ax − 6.

2. Find a polynomial f (x) of degree four such that the given four numbers are roots of f (x). Write f (x)
form a0 +√a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + a4 x4 :
in the √
i) 1 − 2, 1 + 2, 3, 4
ii) i, − i, 1 + i, 1 − i.

3. Decompose the following polynomials into linear factors

i) x4 + 16
ii) x3 − 64
iii) x4 − 2x3 + 2x2 − 2x + 1 (i is a zero)

4. Solve the following equations in C (Complex number domain)

i) x3 − x2 − x − 2 = 0.
ii) x4 − 2x3 + 2x2 − 2x + 1 = 0

5. Given that a cubic equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 has zeros α, β and γ. Show that αβγ = −c.

Theme 6
Worksheet 26: Approximation of Functions by Polynomials
1. Determine the Maclaurin polynomial T5 for f (x) = e−x . Use T5 to find an approximation for e.

2. Determine the Taylor polynomial T3 for f (x) = 1 + x + x2 about a = 2.

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