MA2020 - Differential Equations

Assignment - 6

1. Show that, for integer values of n, J−n (x) = (−1)n Jn (x) and Jn (−x) = (−1)n Jn (x).

2. Show that
r
2
(i) J1/2 (x) = sin x
πx
r
2
(ii) J−1/2 (x) = cos x
πx
sin 2x
(iii) J1/2 (x)J−1/2 (x) =
πx
2 2 2
(iv) J1/2 (x) + J−1/2 (x) =
πx

Z 1  0, a 6= b,
(v) xJn (ax)Jn (bx)dx =
0  1 J 2 (a) = 1 J 2 (a) = 1 (J 0 (a))2 , a = b.
2 n+1 2 n−1 2 n

where, a and b are zeroes of Jn (x), n ≥ 0 is an integer.

Hint: Use the definition of Jν for (i)-(ii)

3. Solve each of the following, using the indicated transformation, in terms of Bessel
functions
√ 3
(a) y 00 + 4xy = 0, (y = 4 x, 43 x 2 = z).
(b) x2 y 00 + xy 0 + (4x2 − ν 2 )y = 0 (2x = z).
(c) x2 y 00 − 3xy 0 + 4(x4 − 3)y = 0, (y = x2 u, x2 = z)

4. Show that the general solution of y 00 + xy = 0 is

y = x1/2 [c1 J1/3 (2x3/2 /3) + c2 J−1/3 (2x3/2 /3)]

5. Show that

1
(i)J000 (x) = (J2 (x) − J0 (x))
2
1
(ii)J100 (x) = −J1 (x) + J2 (x)
x

1
6. Prove that, using the recurrence relations,

d  2  x  2 2

(i) Jn (x) = Jn−1 (x) − Jn+1 (x)
dx 2n  
d  2 2
 n 2 n+1 2
(ii) J (x) + Jn+1 (x) = 2 Jn (x) − Jn+1 (x)
dx n x x

7. Express J4 (x) in terms of J0 (x) and J1 (x)

2ν
Hint : Use the recurrence formula Jν+1 (x) = x ν
J (x) − Jν−1 (x)

8. Show that Z r
r
xJ0 (ax)dx = J1 (ar)
0 a
d
Hint: Use the recurrence formula dx
[xν Jν (x)] = xν Jν−1 (x)

9. Find all real eigenvalues and also find the corresponding eigenfunctions:

(a) y 00 + λy = 0, y(0) = 0, y 0 (π) = 0

(b) y 00 + λy = 0, y 0 (0) = 0, y(1) + y 0 (1) = 0

(c) y 00 + 2y 0 + (λ + 1)y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(π) = 0

(d) y 00 − y 0 + λy = 0, y(0) = y(L) = 0

(e) y 00 + λy = 0, y(−π) = y(π), y 0 (−π) = y 0 (π)

(f) x2 y 00 + xy 0 + λy = 0, y(1) = y(e) = 0

(g) x2 y 00 − xy 0 + (λ + 1)y = 0, y(1) = 0, y(e) = 0

λ
(h) ((x2 + 1)y 0 )0 + 2 y = 0, y(0) = 0 = y(1)
x +1

2
 ANSWERS

2n+1 2 2n+1



Ans.9 (a) : λn = 2
; yn (x) = sin 2
x, n = 0, 1, 2, · · · .
(b): λn = kn2 , where kn is the positive root of the equation tan k = k1 ;
yn (x) = cos kn x, n = 1, 2, 3, · · · .
(c) : λn = n2 ; yn (x) = exp(−x) sin nx, n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
(2nπ)2 +L2
(d) : λn = 4L2
; yn = ex/2 sin(nπx/L), n = 1, 2, 3 · · ·
(e) : λn = n2 , n = 0, 1, 2, · · · ; yn = 1, {cos nx, sin nx}n=1,2,3,···
(f): λn = n2 π 2 ; yn = sin(nπ ln x), n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
(g): λn = n2 π 2 , n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ; yn = x sin(nπ ln x), n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
(h): λn = 16n2 ; yn = sin (4n tan−1 x) , n = 1, 2, 3, · · · .