JANUARY , 2023

LECTURE #1

THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION

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THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 2

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THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 3

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THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 4

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a
a
a

THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 5

THE NATURE OF INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Imagine…

THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 6

THE ANTIDERIVATIVE

• A function F is called an antiderivative of f on an interval I if the

derivative of F, that is, if F’(x) = f(x) for all x in I.

Derivative Antiderivatives
F1(x) = x4
f(x) = 4x3 F2(x) = x4 + 85
F3(x) = x4 - 6

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THE ANTIDERIVATIVE

• An entire family of antiderivatives of a function can be represented

by adding a constant to a known antiderivative.

Derivative Antiderivative
F’(x) = Dx [x3] = 3x2 F(x) = x2 + C

▪ where C is the constant of integration, F(x) is the general solution of the

differential equation F’(x)

▪ Note: A differential equation in x and y is an equation that involves x, y, and derivatives of y.

Examples: y’ = 4x and y’ = x7 - 9

THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 8

ANTIDIFFERENTIATION

dy
• When solving a differential equation of the form = f(x),
dx

it is convenient to write it in its equivalent form dy = f(x) dx

• Antidifferentiation or integration is the operation of finding all

solutions of this equation, denoted by the integral sign ∫

THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 9

ANTIDIFFERENTIATION

• The general solution is denoted by:

variable of
integration
constant of
න f x dx = F x + C integration

antiderivative

integrand

▪▪ “the antiderivative of
“the antiderivative of the
the function
function of
of x
x with
with respect
respect to
to x”
x”

▪ Indefinite integral is a synonym for antiderivative.

THE ANTIDERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION 10

INTEGRATION RULES

න F′ x dx = F x + C

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EXAMPLES

• ‫ ׬‬9x dx • ‫ ׬‬dx − cos u

•‫׬‬ du
1 sin2 u
•‫׬‬ dx • ‫ ׬‬4x − 7 dx 2
x5 • ‫ ׬‬t3 + 2 dt
• ‫ ׬‬6 cos x dx • ‫ ׬‬3x5 + 2x3 +x dx
7z − 5 x5 + 7
8 •‫׬‬ dz •‫׬‬ dx
• ‫ ׬‬dx
x z x3
• ‫ ׬‬3 y y+4 dy

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