Alan Turing Test:

Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Alan Turing Test:
Test for the intelligence of a machine; if the machine is able to communicate with
a human without the human realising it is a machine, then it can be considered to
possess intelligence
Eliza machine: rigid responses, hints at its nature as a rule-based system
Google Duplex: converse in a more natural manner, imitates human mannerisms and
speech patterns, still machine-learning by being trained for particular scenarios
If Google Duplex were to be asked general questions apart from the targeted
purposes/scenarios it had been trained on, it would have failed the Turing Test.
However, the Turing Test has become outdated in recent years as it does not truly
measure a machine’s intelligence, only its ability to impersonate a human
Ethical use of AI: instead of impersonation, the AI should be capable of
identifying itself as an AI when interacting with humans.
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )
Application Programming Interface (API):
Means of communication between machines built from different programming languages,
systems, etc; API provides a common standardisation of language and data structures
JSON Data Format: name-value pairs ("name": "ben"), array (value list), object (set
of pairs)
Syntax of JSON Data Format
a. Objects are enclosed in braces ( {} ), their name-value pairs are separated by a
comma ( , ) b. Arrays are enclosed in brackets ( [] ) and their values separated by
a comma ( , )Describe Dog VS Cat: Supervised Learning - Programmer provides the
labels for the machine
Domain Experts - define basic rules for the main differences between the two
species
Do not always agree with each other
Rules are non-exhaustive and subjective at times
Not all desired characteristics can be programmed as rules easily
Feeding the model as much data as possible - millions of photos of cats and dogs
But there are always exceptions (hybrids, lesser-known species) that complicate the
definition of rules for each category
Machine ‘learns’ the common patterns and trends that define each category
Pattern used by trained machine to then identify whether an unseen sample is dog or
cat
Machine learning algorithm defines the rules which determine the outcome
Describe Dog VS Cat: Supervised Learning - Programmer provides the labels for the
machine
Domain Experts - define basic rules for the main differences between the two
species
Do not always agree with each other
Rules are non-exhaustive and subjective at times
Not all desired characteristics can be programmed as rules easily
Feeding the model as much data as possible - millions of photos of cats and dogs
But there are always exceptions (hybrids, lesser-known species) that complicate the
definition of rules for each category
Machine ‘learns’ the common patterns and trends that define each category
Pattern used by trained machine to then identify whether an unseen sample is dog or
cat
Machine learning algorithm defines the rules which determine the outcome