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11Wfl4buU'lwljwG LW4WqnLJU ~WU'lljbJ1Ubf1 , nrnG,g Qf14W6 bO Qbll.bg~lj.
htlwJ~~ Lbq4n4 m non4: =!wUlljw~bu mzwqrw4 bG hwJ ljwGwGg
04hr4w6 hwlll4w6Gbr0 m ~wUlljbrw4nr Wf1U'lwhwJt.nmpJmuubr[! :
12
t11~2b~ J:!WqUWfltJ4 l)Wflll4w60bfl nL plaw4nf1 WJlU'lWhWJU'lnL-
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pbGg qbrtwQ~U1wljwG wrdbQ[!. ~Gi_~bu «LW4 t tjnqn wwn4. pwG'
lllllpn4». «~q~mw4g4w6 llwho llwh t. Q~U'lwljgtlw6 llwh[!. wOllwhmp-
JnLU>> u WJLG :
t!1_~2b~ h~2JWL W2tuWU'lnt.pjw0 Llb2 Gljwf1WQf14w6 ~wt.ndwljwG
a.flwuU1bflf'! L. GljwrwqpmpJmGObfl~ h~llwu ~rw· hbU1WQWJmll' 1wJrb-
GwljwG llb6 UJWU'lbflwqtl~ lllW[lpGbp~G. 'l. '1bll~[1'6JWG[! QflnLil t ~11
hWUf1WhWJU1 «4Wfll)WUW0R» ~WU11lW4b~[!:
=!~Oq.brtnflfl llWflP wubGwGzwGw4nr ~wU1UWQ~I1[! Un4ubu tun-
[lbGwg~G t, n[l~G wG4wGbt bfi «.QbppnllwhWJfl tunrbGwg~». ((Ub6G
pbrpnrt Un4ubu» . «S~bqbpwhniw4» u WJLG:
U. tunrbGwgnL wGm0n4 llbq hwubL bG Ll~ 2Wf1Q bfllJbr. n[lnGg~g
wllbGwOzwGw4nf1[! Gflw «~WJng LljWIIlUmpjnt.GG» t: UJO Qf14bL t dw- .
llwGwlj~ GzwGw4nf1 flbllpbf1~9 llblj~ ' Uwhwlj PWQfiWU'lnt.Gnt. hwGll-
OwrwpmpJwilp : t>[l wztuwUlwOp[! zwpWI)flbL~U tunpbOwg~G . pwg~ b-
ll.WO U'lWflpbp qrw4nf1 WllPJnLflGbr oq.mwq.nr6t.Lmg, hw'6wtu l)~llbL t
Owu ctnlln4f1flWljwG pwOwhJmumpJwG GJmpbrtJO' flpwGp hwllwpbLn4
~ppu 6zllWf1UlnLpJmGG wnwpwGnpbG I.I.IWU'lllnll m ObpljwJwgOnll qnr-
6bfl : tunrbGwgm <<'TlwLrtllmpJt'.IU» wllbGwljwpunfl WfldwO~pG WJG t.
n11 Gw GbflljWJWQ[lbL t hwJ dnrtn4f11l~ wtlpni12W4wG ~WU1Unt.pjmGrf
uljuw6 ~fl ljwqllw4nrllwG dwllw0wljwzr2WU~g u~G~u IJrzwljmG~Gb-
11~ pwqw4nflnLPJWU 4brwgnLLl[!: rr ~WU'lllnLf>!JWU tlbp hb!l_~UWlj[!
Ou•u hw4wu111tJ t.nbf1.b4mpJnt.GGbn t U'lWL~U hwJbfl~ hwrlawO pnLnP ctn -
lln4mrl)Gbr~ llwu~G . WJG n~ LljlwJG hwllwf14bL t hwJ h~G 4Jw0p~ hwO-
fiWQ~lllWfiWU[!, WJLU ~11 hWUU1W!I1 lllbr)_(i mG~ fiwu hw!lwztuwflhWj~U
~WU1Uwljw0 qf1wljwGntpjw0 llb2:
qrwpwrJwG 2f12WO[! hwpmu111 t Gwu pwrqllwOwljwG qrw4w-
Gnt.pJwllp: Uburnl4 UwzU1ngo. Uwhwlj 'Tlwrpu[!, Grwug pwqllwp~4
uwGbp[! Qflbfl~ qJmUl~Q wGil~pw~bu hbU'ln llbnOwrljmll bG L4Wf1Uljb-
rbG~g , hmGwpbG~g. bprwJbpbG~g. wunrbrbu~g La hwrlawO wa Lb-
qmubr~g ll~ zwrp pwrqllwGmpjnLGGbr: rawrq!lwG4mll bG W!l_npp-
Obp, l)w4wGwpwGwljwG Qf14w6pubn . '6wnbfl, llbljGm~JmGGbfl La WJtG :
UJl) dwllwOwlj~ pwf1qllw0wljwG qLmtuqnf16ng[! UuU14wow2mO!G t11.
n[lO OQU1WQnf164.hL t Gwla ~pflla [!OpbflgwGnt.pjwG Q~flQ la GfiW Wql)b-
gmpJWU U1Wlj wu111~6wGwpwr Jlnnwg4hL bG h~O un4nf1ntJp0br[!. hb-
i=JWGnumpJmO[! Ulhfl~ t U14bL .PrnuUlnGbmpJWG[!: UJO tlb6 wql)bgm-
13

~JnLG t f=ln!l!imu n~ llpwJG hwJ w,wmllwqpm~JWG, hwJ 'l~pmpjwu Lt.
dnlln'~Pr).Wl.jUJfi pw(iwh_lmUnLJ)JWU ijpw, WJL uwll hwj llwmbuwqppub-
pp tbql.J~ h n6p, Gpwug ~wmwpbLnLJ)JWU ijpw:
Un w 2f1G(! hbug UwzmngG t. nr ~WflqUwGmll t UumqwowzO~~ Un-
rtm, n u~ w nuJljtib[lpg: Unw2pO pwnbp[!, np qpijmll bu · hwJbpbO Gnp
Gz•JJUIWl f'l:irm.l . ll r.pJmOp 44wJmpJwtlp hbmL.JWLubpu tpu. «fiwGwtbL
q!lllwulnnq~p l fi !.~ qtuf1WL'1 pllwuUJL qpwOu hw06wpnj» :
uturn'TJ uucsnsl! bo.J. ~ua Qfltrr Q3ntsl!
U lJ•JJ2mngu 4-5-fl!) f1Wpbf1p !izwOwijnp flb!lpbppg t, qpbpp qJm-
mp hb11pOw~[l . hwjbpbOp WJpmpb!ip Ulllbrt6nrtu. 6w0w!tlw6 qpLnliw-
ljwOO nL pwpq!lwGpw : OGtlbL t 36i pijw~wupu SwnnOp qwijwnp ~w ­
gb~wg q)mn_nul: 4.whw!i UllwmmOm !iwtuwObnumpJwllp pwrttlbL t
Ozw~wumll, npmbrt qmOijnul t upw qbpbqllwOo. npo WJUOp tL uppw-
LI'IIHtP t hwtlwpijnul n112 hwjmJ)JWU hwllwp:
~bnllu thuli~w~w!i hwuw~mll U. Uwztnngo hpllOwijnp ~ppmp­
JnLU t umwgbL. «~pptlbL t hbutuwljwG ~ppnLpJwllp>) . mppw~bmbL
hmuwnbu. wunpbpbu, L4Wpu~b11bu tbqmubp~G. 6wnwJbt t 4.w 11 wp-
zwl4WU1P wpj?mlip 'ltltlwlimll, qpwl14bL qpOijnpw~wO wpijbu111nij,
utu~wJG fipw hp!l!iw~wo lit4wmw~G m bpwqwueo brtbt t hwJ q11bpp,
hwjng wJpmpbOp ulllbrt6m!lu:
bpp qnrtpwO q.wijwnmll Uwzmng(! QppumnGbw~wO nLullmOe tp
lllwpw6mtl , wullp2w~bu qqwgbL t hwjbflbu qpp u qpw~wumpjmu
inLCibOWLnL crwCip hbmla.UJ!iplibp[! ll. tllii~bu lipw ~bOuwqpp 4nllJnLUG
t qqwgbL, (<WJO~bu mpm!lwqpO hnqubpnij ~wzwf1ijw6 m pw~W[lr).W­
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u~ btJ' r:fUlUp WJ'l pwOp hwtlwp»: tunpw~bu tfpLnw~gbLntl WJU hwpgp
~wpL.npm~Jmuu · Uwzmng(! r).pllmll t ~wpn11t1~nu Uwhw~ tfJwrpl.t.pO :
qnuluJpijnul t !lpwpwOObpp tunphmp'l u hwJnQ 4.nwllzw~mh wnewJp
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pn!igntJ u llmn bp~m 111wpp Uwzmngo nLumginLPJmO t wumll u !lw-
GmltObppG hwthpbQ unijnpbgumll:
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wunpp b~pu~n~nu l"lwOpb[p llnm , wllpnrt2ntlpu !ttlG ~wnn11 WlllilW-
hwJUlbL hwjbpbGp hG!JnL!iGbpl] , ll np r).pwGp hwjbpb!ip hwllwp hnpp!i-
4w6 ibU brtbL mu111p Lt. U. UwzmngG m Uwhw~ 'Tlwppuu «'lW!lOJWL
hpljpnpll wuqwll C!nLJG hnqup llb2 bu [!O~Om!l u llp pwO~ dw!lwGw~
tlp bLP tru 1..,h fJ mpnu1 rwwG)):
14
bpp ~wpqijmtl t. np qm0ijw6 OzwOwqpbp[! ~ul.i pw~.twrwpiuli
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'Tlwppllp hwtlwCiwjlimpjwllp U. UwzUlng(! ijbpgunul t llp tumllp ~w­
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upw: UJumhbml.t. Uwzmngu pp wzw~bpmubpr•u pwdwOm!l t tp~m
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llJmuubppu· Uw!lnuwm· hmuwpbu unijnpbLm: btl whi.JJ tf)bupwJmll
bp~wp ~wptwpwueubppg hbmn UwzmngpG ~cw2nrtt!nul t uUll:irt6tiL
hwjng qpbp[!, Lt. tlG!~bu 4npjmGG t t!~WJnL!l. «Lw Pfl umpp nqn4
hwjflwpwp 6Gbg Gnp nL uewGibLr• 6um0r).Gbp' hwjbpl:iOtl Gzw0wqj1bf1[!>):
~wJng qpbp[! umbrt6bimg hbmn Uwzmng(! qumll t Uwllnuwu1
ew11we. WJUlilbl1 hwur).p~m!l wqqmpjwllp hnLJG =innl.jlwunu wum0n4
llp qpwqpp Lt. Gpw oqGmpJwllp zLn~mll, ~wmwpblwqnpomll hwJbnb-
Gp WJpmpbG[!' h:.t~llu:~wmwutuwubglibLntl r).pwue llbl'! Lbqt{p hG!JnL-
uw~w{j hwllw~wpqp(i:
U4wpmbLn4 hwJbpbup Ozwliwqpbpp llzw~mllO m 4bf12Gw~w u
Ollwijnpnul[! · Uwzmngu pp wzw~bpmObpp hbUl ijbpwr).wnunul t hwmb-
upe. mpl.t. hwj dn11ntlnLpr).[!, wuOwllp PUQ[!. 4.nwll2W~mh pwqwijnno.
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[!Ur).nLOmll u11w0g: l"l11wunij pulj hpllQ t 'lPtlnul hwJ Gnp 'l~PnLPJWUI].
qpw~wGmpJwG!i m pwpqllw!iwljwu wpijbuLnpli: UJ!imhbmL. 4n[lJnLiip
ij~WJnlpjwllp ' Uwzmng[! Ltl0m!l t uwll U114W0Qmll m 4.pWUUlWiinLU r..
wztuwmmll t WJ'l ctn11ntlmpr).ubpp hw!lwp uu unp 'll4PnLPJnLU Ulilb i1-
0bLm p!iwqwijwnmll:
~wjng tbqijp L4Wli1!lw~wO qwpqwg!lwO hw2np11 tflnLtD Up2pu hw·
Jbpbu!i t, npu [!Ur).qp~mll t 12-16-pr). 'lWPbfll}: Up2pu hwJbpbli[! ~wqllw ­
ijnpijm!l t hwJ dnrtntlll'lP ~wmllmpjwO llb2 Ozw!iw~WLP ~w111!lw~wu
llp ~wpl.t.np ppwr).wp6mpjwllp, np[! qmqwr).p~mll t wpwp1JJI.jwG mtlflW ·
L4bUlnLpjwO ijbpwgllwG[!, hwJ ~blllw~wlimpjwli ijbpw~w!iq!illwliQ L.
hwJ dnrtntll'l'lP mumbuw~wu m !lzw~mpwJpG ~Jwu~p wztumctwg!luJuo :
Up2pO hwJbnbG[! (fmOijmll t hp!i hwJbpb!ip L. wztuwphwpwn~ ll~Fi!l.t. l...
WJ'l wnmtlnij hwlir).bu t tfWLPU npll.lbU Lbq4p qwpqwyuwu WJfl lip~ ni
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15

3n~brmfl'l llWfl~9 u~uwo· h~G qpw~wG hwJbpbGp 4flw wul11~1Sw­
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pnul t dnlln4fl'lW~WG LWJG qw0q4,w6Gb[1tJG hwu~wUWL~ L~libLmg, np~(j
tf1ntuwp~Obtm t qwL~u Lbq4,w~wG ll~ Gn[l n[lw~· ll~2~G hwJbpbuo:
11~2~Ci hwjbpbu[! L.u ll~wtllWflfl La ll~wu.Gw~wu tbqnL !~ bflbt: Lim
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pbf1w~Obp, npnGg~g llb~Q 4~L~~JWU ~wqw4npmpjwG UJblilwljwG
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walt' UjWliHlWQflnL~jntOG nL q~mw~!.UG tnw[lpbp pGwqw4wnGb[l~U
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103
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11"4· nrmO~ h~ll~mll oO~wo bO ll~ltOmJO wnw!l~WJw~wo hwllwpb-
llnLPJmOOb!1:24 ....
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~wqlll{bL ~O!IJ.lbU' -li{1, -0b(1, WjOUjbu l.t D. wm. mOp, llwu0~~0b!ln4'
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:;)ltwpwOw~wO hnllw0~2lib11 bO ~wql14mll Owl.& hntn4tlw0 l.t tun-
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Wjflft - WJflftft - Wj{lfll, dfllt}- dwtlft - dwtlqw, UjfllU ..t... UJWU - UjfllU/7,
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104
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105
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106
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107

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uzttw6 pwnwzb[11111J wttbLil zwm ntSwljwG bflwGq.wttnpmll u G~w- _
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J"IGt~bu W(lllbfi GzltbL t. ~ntth. Cllpwq[! nt llllwJii unttnnw~wli,
wlihwlllwljwG linpw4wqllmpjntGGbnll hbll.I1Ciw4 t. npnlil! W(lllbG ttw-
1'\nlQ t. llG! llbp qpw4wG Lbqltll pwnw~wzwnll ublflw4wGmpJmGG bG
llW(lllbL. WJLU utnbll.bbL t pwqllwplllt lll'l~ttw6w4wG pwnbp, npnlil!
hllllliw4wlinul mGbgbL bG llb4wGqwllJw 411PwnmpjmGiibp u qpw4wG
tbqltll pwnw~wzwp tbli wGgbL: ~. tppwqll pwnw4wqllw4wli liwtuw-
unpmpJmGGbpllg llb4[! hwlllnt4 wCimCiGbppg u llwuGwttnpw~bu wGll-
uwGmGGbppg pwjb(l 4wqllbLnL bl'\wGw4G t. n(l[! hwllbllwtnwpw(l Gnp
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174
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t'o llb~. pwnw4wqllmpJwG lt hw1114w~bu GnnwljwqllmpJmuGbpn
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4wli llb4 llpnl'\nLpJmG uu: ,bl'\llliw411 GwltJwunpmpJnLGiibppg llbi.m
ljgwljwG pw(lllnLpJmlilib(lll qnpowompJmGG t: ,wlSwfu UwpunujwGil
wpllwljnul hWflW'l(lWI.jwG 4wll PW'lhJmuwljwli pW(lllnLPJnLGGbnlllfln-
ltJwpbG GwltJw~wtnltmpJntli[! tnpttmo t ljgw4wG pw(ll'}nLpJmGGbpllG.
u umbl'\64mll bu pwuwljwqllwljwu Gn(l 4w'l•uiJ.4wpGbp, llGt~bu' funu-
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pwpqmpJmGGbnllg unttnnwpwp ljgwljwG bG ljwqllttnul WJG qb~l!bpnul,
bpp WJ'l pWIJ.W'l(lPtGbpllg JnL(lWRWUl.JflL(l[! WUIIlplSwGwpW(l 4npg(imll t
1111 pwnwJilG llllwulll[! u llb4 WJL pwnn hwllwq~mpJwllp wplllwhwJIIlntll
t Gnp 1lllwu111, hwlSwltJ Gwu· ijln11Jwpbpw4wCi pllwu111: Pwnwljwqllw-
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IJ.nlt(l'lWtunuw4gwljwG nLn(llllmll u ~WJilwGwttnpttw6 t dnl'\nltpqw4wG
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55
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53
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pwnwf1wuo», liJ. =iwqnpJwufr, =i. Pwflub!]Jwufr, Ut11. IJbL/112-PwfuzJwufr
pwqilwhwtnnfl «=iWJWUt11wufr!J hwflwqfrg 1fiPWUUbflfr t17Df]Wumuubflfr
hWUflwqfrtnwqwu pWOWfiWUO» lt WJL0:
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0bn~ pwgwUlllnLPJnLO[!, ~llwuUlwJ~O hwllw~wUlwutuwOmpJmDo.
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214
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Ow4w0, nLil.rtWqnw~wO, mrtrtwtunuw~wO, llwu0wq~Ulw4w0-Ulbllll~­
Qwpw0w~w0, hwiSwtuw~wOmpJwO, hwllwOmOObn~. hnllw0~20bn~.
hw~w0~20bn~. hw~wLtmllObn~. hbrt~Ow~WJ~O l.t hwllwpwnpwnwJ~O:
rawnqllwOw~w[j pwnwnwOObnnLil pwnbll[! llb4 LbqLl.~g pwnq-
llwOLl.mll bO WJL • llb~ ~wllllb~~g wLl.bL~ LbqmObn~:
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nwnwOObno. nnn09 wLl.bL~ hwllw~nrtllwO~nnbO bO pOmpwqnmll pw-
nbnD. PWQWillllnLil OnwOg ~llwuUlDb!l[!, llwUlOw02mll 9bllw4w0w4w0
ll~ 2Wil9 hwUl~w0~20bn: UUlmqwpwOw~wO pwnwnwOObnmll uUlm-
qwpwOLtmll bO pwnbnO m wnllwUlObno. QnLJQ UlllLl.mll OnwOg Owqm-
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Owq~Ulw4w0-Ulbllll~Owpw0w4w0 pwnwnwOObnnLil' hwuwnw4w-
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llWPbnnrt pwnbno· q~Ulwpwnbno 4wll Ulbnll~OObno. hbll.~Ow4wJ~0
(hwllwpwnpwnwJ~O) pwnwnwOObnO oOflqn4mll bO wnwO~~O hbll.~­
Ow40bp~ 4wll wnwOO~O UUlbrtOwqnnOmpjmOObnmll qnpOwOLtwO
pwnbp[!, mrtrtwqpw4w0-mrtrtwtunuw4w0 pwnwnwOObn[! unLtnnw-
pwn ~wnm0w4mll b[j UllUWL LbqLl.~ nnl.tt 2112W0~ pWilW~W2Wil[!' JnL·
llW9W0!JnLil pwn~ [!0!lm0Ll.w0 nLrtll.WqllnLPJWilp, ~[j!~bu Owl.t qnw-
~w[j LbqLl.~O hWUlm4 WllUlWUW0w4w0 Ol.tbnnLl. l.t 4n!Ll.W0 bQ O~wuUlb­
LnL pwOwLtnp tunu9~ ll2w4mJp~ qwpqwgllwO[!:
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nwnwOObnD OUlWil LbqmObn~ JmnwgllwO qnnOmll. L~Omll bO bn4-
LbqL!JwO l.t pwqllwLbqL!JwO:
~WJ pwnwpwOwqpmpjnLO[! pwqllwflWPJWO ~WUlllnLpjmO mO~ l.t
u4qpOwLtnnLl.mll t ll~2~0 llWilbpmll:
1621 p. U~Lw0mll LnLJU t UlbuOmll !b!lWO!bu4n rl~Ll.nLWJ~ «=iWJO-
fiDU-[Iilt11/1UbflbU pwnWfiWUO», nnO ~11 llb2 ~wnm0w4mll t 2nLI12
18 500 pwn l.t pwnw4w~w4gmpjmu, ~u4 WJOmhbUllt 1714 p. ~nn­
llmll hpwUlwnw4Ll.mll t ~w4np '-!~unll~ «Pwnqfrf112 hwjqwqwu
[bqm/1» pwnwnwO[!' 26000 pwnwhnflLl.wOnLt:
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18-f11lllWf1~ 2-l"'ll ~bubnbO~. 1749 p. LnLJU t 111buOm~ Utu~PWI"' Ubpwu-
lllwgm ~Pwnqftf1D hwjqwQJwli [bqif/1.. pwnwnwO[!, "I"'C! q~111w~wO
u~qpmORObnnll. ~wq~ll.w6 h~O hwJbntn~· qnwpwn~ wnw2~0 pw-
gwmpw~wo pwnwpwOO t. WJO pwq~wgw6 t tn~m hwUlnp~g L. ~P
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gwn~~ wpdbR mO~ «unp hwJ~WqJwO pwnwpwO[!», nn[! LnLJU t UlbUbL
1836-37 pll.w4w0Gbp~G ;.tb£ibm~4nur qwpn~bL Uijbtn~RJWO~. tuw!w-
Ulntl"' Ujntpllbuw£i~. U~pln~! Uijqbi"'JWG~ hbq~Gw~nlpjwtlp L. ~11 ~bp
[!fi'lqp~nUJ t znLp~ 55000 pwnwiln'lli.WO: unp hWj~WqJW£i pWDWpW£i[!
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(j~ «qnwpwp~ pwnwnw£i[!» • bp~m hwumpnll., np£i [!Gilqp~m~ t zmpp
50 000 pwnwhnllll.w6:
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=t Ull.bm~UJW£i~ «11~2~£i hwjbpbD~ pwnwpw£inL~» zntp2 30 000 pwn
m llW110ll.w6wpw£iw~w£i ~~wijnp:
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(i~ «\mp pwnq~pp hwjbpb(i tbqnt.~» pwnwpw1i[!, 11f1Ii u.mw2~fi w£iqwll
hpwUlwpw~\{bL t 1892 p. • 30 000 pwnwhnll\IWOnll., WJCi nt2WQ.pwq t
GpwOnll., np ~1'1 llb2 Obpwnlimll t GwL. qpw~w(i wpL.IlLnwhwjtipbli~
pwnw~pbpR[!, ~(i!~bu OwL. pwqllwp~l{ £inpwpw0ntpjnt£i£ibp nt mbp-
ll~£i£ibp· hwuwpw[fw~w£i ~wUi!~ utwppbp "L"11Ul£ibp~ llb!1wplqtJW(:
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tuwuJwCi~ RWnwhwLnnp K~WJbpbli pwgUJIIIpwqwli pwnwpwUli» t, np
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llWPllll.w6RWI~U llflwll.np:
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nwhwU1np «dwllw£iw~w~~g hwjng Lbqll.~ pwnwpw£i[!», np hpwLnw-
pw~ll.bL t 1969-1981 pijw~wGObp~O L. U4Wpnt0w~m~ t Wf'lll~ hwjbpbO
qpw~wO Lbql{~ wll.bL~ RWO 120 000 pwn L. llWJ10ll.w6RWJ~0 ll~wl{nn:
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QWU1f1W~w0 pwnwnwO[!», np[! LnLJU t LnbubL 1976 p. L. ~WJ1nt0w~ntll
t llnUl 136 000 pwn L. 11 000 llWf1&{w6wpwuw~w[j ll~wll.np:
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ll.w6wpwOw~wO ll~wll.np:
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pwn L. llWP0ll.w6wl-!wOw~w£i ~~wll.np L. wt14w· 2003 pll.w~wo~o· 120
000, U. UntR~WUJWO~ L. U. qWLULnJWO~ «=IWJng Lbqll.~ llWpllijw6wpw-
Ow~wO pwnwpwG[!» (1975 p. 20 000 llWPOll.w6RWJ~O ll~wll.np), =t.
Pwpub11Jw0~ «=!wJbpbuO mqqwqpw~wO-ntllllWtunuw~wO, lnbpll~­
OwpwOw~wG pwnwpwO» (1973 p.) 152 000 pwn, =t. ~bLnpnUJWO L. nt-
P~2· c:lbqll.wpwOw~wO pwnwpwO[! (1975p.), t11. SppwzJwO~ L. =t.
Uwtu!WOJWG~ qnw~wOwq~111w~wO pwnwpwO[! (1972, 1980 p.p.
ZnLPS! 500 Lnbpll~O L. hwu~wgmpjntG), rl.UWRW~bLnnjwO~ «UpL.~Lnw­
hwjbpbO - wnL.bLWhWjbpbO nL'lllWfunuw~wO pwgw111pw~w0 pwnw-
pw0» (2000p. 16000 pwn L. llWP0ll.w6wj~0 ~~wll.np) L. ~~ zwpp llwu-
(iwq~LnW~WO (LnOlllbuwq~lllw~wG, tfl~L~untflwJW~wO, llwpqw~wO L.
wnO), lllbp~~OwpwOw~wo pwnwpwGubn:
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pwnwpwli» (2000p., 150 000 pwn), Cl>. Ubjp~fuwQjwO~ linpwpwGmp-
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(IO~~LI1U 1908 p.), nn L4Wf1f1Lfiw4nul t llnt.n 125000 pwn, fimJO~ «l~w-
4W111Wf1 hWJ-IlnLUbpbO I!WilW(1Wfi[!» (IO~~l~U, 1911 p.) [!UI').qp4nul t
llmn 70 000 pwn:
2. fa. U~b4Jwfi~. "'l. Unt.n0~4Jw0~. b. Sbp-U~fiWUJWD~. ~.
(J)nplljwO~ 4Cflmu-hwjbpb£i Cinp PWI1Wf1WU[J», (1935 p., UfWI'lnLUW4nui
t dnt.n 80000 pwn m Wf1lnWhWJlnnLPJnL0):
3. b. Sbp-Uflfiwujw0f1, '-1.. <Dnpbjwlifl pwnwhwlllnr. «flntu-hwJb-
pbli pamwpwOo (bnL.wD, 1954-1958 p.p., ~wnmOw4nul t llnlll 100
000 J!Utft):
4. b. U. 'Uuf'tlpJWifl «flmu-hwJitf*i J!WUUJflruCi[J» (1968 p. L4W-
pnLiiwl.fMil t ._ 100 000 pwn):
5. "flnu•-••tr.pbO !lWP~4.wowpwOw4wCi pwnwpwO[!» ( 1978 p.,
L4WrtDlDw4nLil t 11mubpbO~ znL(l2 5600 !lW11~4_WOR u 1600 UlWppb-
pw4 m tflm.~nfuw4):
6. 11. UpbruwG~ «flmu-hwJbpbO nwqllw4w0 pwnwpwOo»
(tj1lltu6, 1'925 p.):
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jbpbi p~» (1964 p. tJmn 35 000 lnbpllflfi):
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hwjb'jfbO pwnwpwO[!» (1976 p. 40 000 pwn), ~. UpapmOnL «flmub-
pbD-Lwtn~Dbpbfi-hwJbnbfi pdz4wq~mw4w0 111bpd~Oubp~ pwnwpwfio
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nnu:abyrbft.w0qLI:ifMI0 pwnwpwfil!» (1965 p.), q_ 'LwLpWOI').JWfi~
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gm.PfBI.r. (.bpL.LI;I(i, 2.002 p.), ~. Uud~ "U:. 'lift ,.t lfl'Lfitt
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owpwO» (2002 p.)' 5000 pwu, '-1. UW(HlUJWll~ ~:t"u1.4wUI:ipbD-hwtb.flbO»
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ra~ [!firl.q.p41lw(i ow4_wtn4_, pb~w0w4w0 flllWUU1Wpwfiw4w0, pwnw-
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«~WJbf1b(i~ wpllwLnw4wD pwowpw(i[!» Owfu LnLJU t mbubt 1935-
1936 p4_w4w00bp~0, WL4W4bl1l~L4. WIJ.IW bp4pnpq hf1WlnWf1W4mpjwdp'
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hw111npwOng «=iwJng wO~OwfimOObpp pwnwpwOn» (tnlawti, 1942-
1962 p.p.), nnO ~(l pGnLJpm{ h~wlfwti-tbq4_wpwDw4w0 t u ~(l
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11,.,.....,... Ua-- dlu6wlilllljwi,rtg bwjng LbqnLtl t ... 1997:
~ "--- ~ kbqlltl ~wtirapJnLO (clL.wpuUI.pJPIW), t. 2004:
l1btpn0jw0 U.- U~Owplfr.bp hwjng Lbq~~ n6wq~UlnLPJW~, t., 1985:
"lWiljOJWfi U., PW'l~l.aJiu(j h.J. - dwllwOw~w~~g hwjng lbq,"' zwpwh-
JOLWILpjnLli. C., 2003:
"lwDfiwuJwfi l.J. - CwpwhJmuw~w(i hnllwO~zObp[! dw~wfMu~w~~-g
hwJbpbOnul, ti., 1970:
UwpqUJWG U.- UfllabLwhWJ u wpulllllwhwJ qpw~w(i Lb(lru(ibp, t., 1955:
Uuw~ q._- dwlw0w4wfdlg hwJbpbO~ hwllwDnlll lljWUltlnt.pJnLO, t., 1948:
UL.wl{ q._- dWilwfiMtwlUI.g b.wlll-Q lbCl@ ~wg. t .. 1955:
Umpfrwufwfi U. - dwltmfM!patdrg '-Ntllqlll. t .. 2000:

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