Title: SiC based quasi AC-DC converter for electric vehicle fast and efficient charging

Executive Summary
SiC-based quasi AC-DC converters are a technology that enables fast and efficient charging of
electric vehicles. The use of SiC technology in electric vehicle charging enables high-performance
electronics and very high energy density. SiC technology is at the heart of fast charger and
converter topology designs, delivering the best performance while ensuring a durable and reliable
system. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The problem was to develop a quasi AC-DC converter based on SiC (silicon carbide) for fast and
efficient charging of electric vehicles. Generally charger used in EV is the DC fast charger. DC
fast charger have two stages that is i) AC to DC and ii) DC to DC conversion. These two stage
system decreases overall charger efficiency. So we will try to develop a system in which first
stage AC-DC converter perform all tasks EV.The aim is to address the challenges of achieving
faster charging times, higher efficiency, increased energy density and improved thermal
management in electric vehicle charging systems. [5]

Introduction:
The world is transitioning to low carbon technology due to the energy crisis and global climate
change. The transport industry, which accounts for 15% of total CO2 emissions, is adopting green
energy technology. This has led to a significant increase in electric vehicle (EV) sales, reaching
19 million globally by 2030. [6] [8]
The increase in EV market led to increase in the market of EV charging stations.The global EV
market size was USD 8.8 billion and it is projected growing to USD 23.4 billion by 2028 [9]. So
researcher are mainly focused on making efficient improvement and more faster charging station.
This study is aims to develop a EV charging system with more efficient and faster.For the
system,we wii used SiC based design converter which significantly reduce conduction and
switching losses,results in higher converter efficiency.As this is a quasi single stage converter,it
wil be more efficient and faster.

Literature Review:
Industrialization leads to an energy crisis and environmental damage, with transport contributing
15% of global CO2 emissions. Governments encourage green energy adoption, including EVs, in
the automobile industry. The EV market has experienced significant growth, leading to an increase
in EV charging stations. Optimized, efficient, and fast charging is crucial for customer satisfaction,
requiring careful selection, switching strategies, system integration, and unit packing.
In ‘A system efficiency improvement of DC fast-chargers in electric vehicle applications:
Bypassing second-stage full-bridge DC-DC converter in high-voltage charging levels’ the author
mention that two stages of DC fast charger decreases the overall system efficiency. The author
proposed a method that shows bypassing the second-stage full-bridge DC-DC converter in high-
voltage charging levels beyond 600V energy loss can be reduced and efficiency can be improved
of the DC fast charger system [9].
The author proposes a multi-functional quasi bi-directional charger topology for electric vehicles,
featuring a noninverting buck boost converter and H-bridge inverter for efficient bi-directional
power processing in AC and DC forms..[10].
The proposed system uses a SiC-based quasi single stage AC-DC converter for efficient EV
charging, despite its potential challenges, high cost, and complex design due to its SiC-based
nature.
Research Objectives
The following are the research goals for a SiC-based quasi AC-DC converter for quick and
efficient charging of electric vehicles:
 To investigate the performance of SiC-based quasi AC-DC converters fast and proficient
charging of electric vehicles.
 To investigate the use of SiC-based quasi AC-DC converters in bidirectional charging
frameworks for electric vehicles.

Research Methodology:
SiC MOSFET technology offers a multitude of key benefits in the pursuit of highly efficient
AC/DC conversion.
In the field of AC/DC converters, the choice of control strategy is an essential factor in achieving
desired output characteristics. Conventional control strategies, such as pulse-width modulation
(PWM), determine the switching pattern of the MOSFET to effectively regulate the output voltage
or current. [9] [11] [12]
A quasi AC/DC converter converts AC input voltage to regulated DC output voltage using a single
conversion stage. It involves rectifying the AC input voltage, filtering it with capacitors and
inductors, and regulating the DC output voltage using a Buck conversion stage. A feedback system
is used to maintain stable output voltage. Data is collected using simulation software to evaluate
Output parameter performance under different operating conditions.
 Fig: Work Flow Chart
Gantt Chart:
Expected outcomes and benefit of the research:
SiC-based quasi AC-DC converters for fast and efficient charging of electric vehicles is anticipated
to lead to the development of new types of converters that are more efficient, reliable, and cost-
effective than existing converters is.
The benefits of using SiC-based quasi-AC-DC converters for fast and efficient charging of electric
vehicles include:
 Higher efficiency: SiC-based converters can achieve efficiencies of over 98%, which is
significantly higher than traditional silicon-based converters. This means less energy is lost
during the charging process, reducing charging time and increasing battery range.
 Reduced size and weight: SiC-based converters are smaller and lighter than traditional
silicon-based converters. This is because SiC devices can operate at higher switching
frequencies, allowing the use of smaller inductors and capacitors.
 Increased reliability: SiC-based converters are more reliable than traditional silicon-
based converters. This is because SiC devices are less susceptible to thermal stress and
have a longer lifetime.
 Lower costs: In recent years, the cost of SiC devices has decreased, making them
affordable for use in electric vehicle charging applications.

References

[1] S. B. &. A. G. Sudarshan, "Isolated DC-DC power converters for simultaneous charging of electric
vehicle batteries: Research review, design, High-Frequency Transformer Testing, Power Quality
Concerns, and future.," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 2813, 2023.
[2] J. Z. M. J. S. B. a. M. T. Piasecki, "Analysis of AC/DC/DC Converter Modules for Direct Current
Fast-Charging Applications," Energies, vol. 14, no. 19, p. 6369, 2021.
[3] "SiC Solutions for DC Fast Charging," Wolfspeed, [Online]. Available:
https://www.wolfspeed.com/knowledge-center/article/designing-with-silicon-carbide-sic-in-
electric-vehicle-dc-fast-chargers/.
[4] D.-C. L. a. Q. D. P. N. D. Dao, "High-Efficiency SiC-Based Isolated Three-Port DC/DC Converters
for Hybrid Charging Stations," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 10, p. 10455,
Oct. 2020.
[5] M. A. a. J. Lam, "An SiC-Based AC/DC CCM Bridgeless Onboard EV Charger With Coupled
Active Voltage Doubler Rectifiers for 800-V Battery Systems," 2020 IEEE Applied Power
Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Mar 2020.
[6] H. Ritchie, "Cars, planes, trains: where do CO2 emissions from transport come from?," Our World
in Data, 27 Sep 2023. [Online]. Available: https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions-from-transport.
[Accessed 14 Oct 2023].
[7] "EV-Volumes - The Electric Vehicle World Sales Database," [Online]. Available: https://www.ev-
volumes.com/news/ev-sales-for-2021/. [Accessed 14 Oct 2023].
[8] L. D. S. B. A. K. P. B. S. B. a. B. A. P. Barman et al, "Renewable energy integration with electric
vehicle technology: A review of the existing smart charging approaches," Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 183, p. 113518, 2023.
[9] Y. Yasa, "A system efficiency improvement of DC fast-chargers in electric vehicle applications:
Bypassing second-stage full-bridge DC-DC converter in high-voltage charging levels," Ain Shams
 Engineering Journal, vol. 14, no. 9, p. 102391, 2023.
[10] H. Ritchie, "Cars, planes, trains: where do CO2 emissions from transport come from?," Our World
in Data, 27 Sep 2023. [Online]. Available: https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions-from-transport.
[Accessed 14 Oct 2023].
[11] V. F. P. a. J. F. A. Silva, "Single-stage three-phase buck-boost type AC-DC converter with high
power factor," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 784-793, 2001.
[12] V. A. a. K. S. R. R. Pratap, "SiC Based Single Chip Programmable AC to DC Power Converter,"
JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 697-705, 2014.

Ethical Consideration:

Some potential ethical issues include:

 Safety and Potential Harm: We will ensure that the design and operation of the SiC-
based converter prioritize safety for both users and technicians.
 Environmental Impact: We will assess the environmental impact of the technology,
especially in terms of its power efficiency and also EV technology is a replacement of
conventional fuel based IC engine vehicle which emit extensive amount CO2 to the
environment.
 Recognition and Credit: The sources that we have used for our research proposal, the
references of those author are mentioned in the proposal.