h

AL lis
GU ng
LIN E
BI &

C L A S S E S
h
fgan

THE LEADER IN TEST PREPARATION

THE NO. 1 VOCABULARY BUILDER

THE WORD MASTER

HIGHLY USEFUL FOR :
CET, CUET, SSC EXAMS, CGL, CPO, CHSL, STENO, MTS, GD, BANK EXAMS, RBI,
SBI PO/CLERK, IBPS PO/CLERK, NDA, CDS, CLAT, EPFO, MBA, IPMAT, CAT,
AFCAT, SAT, GRE, GMAT, Airforce Group X & Y and other competitive exams.

Aiming for the perfect score

The complete book for building a superior Vocabulary
Quick, Easy & The Most Effective Way To Master English Language
Don’t just memorize - take control with Neon’s breakthrough strategies

10,000 Words with Definitions

Synonyms & Antonyms
Spelling Concepts, Tips & Tricks
20 Tests (1000 Questions)

PREFIXES, ROOTS & SUFFIXES Manisha Bansal Ma’am

ORIGIN & MYTHOLOGY (Director & Author)
ETYMOLOGY 13 Years’ teaching experience
FOREIGN WORDS CAT GMAT GRE SSC BANK
 “The Matrix Simulation”
Hollywood blockbuster “The Matrix” (1999) esa Morpheus, bl movie ds Hero, Neo dks Red pill vkSj Blue pill esa ls ,d dks choose djus ds fy,
dgrk gSA
“This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back.
You take the blue pill… the story ends… you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe.
You take the red pill… you stay in wonderland, and I show how deep the rabbit hole goes.
Remember…
All I am offering is the truth, nothing more.”
- Morpheus, The Matrix (1999)
* ;gka red pill ysus
dk vFkZ gS & “ life-changing truth dks tkuus le>us dh bPNk] viuh life ds meaning & purpose dh [kkst djuk vkSj free – thinking
attitude develop djds laziness & ignorance dh lk/kkj.k ftanxh dh uhan ls tkxdj mls cnyus ds iz;kl djukA”
Blue pill dh choice n'kkZrh gS fd “Matrix – Simulation (Hindu Philosophy esa bl matrix dks ek;k dgk x;k gS) esa lk/kkj.k vKkurk Hkjh
ftanxh Lohdkj djuk rFkk blissful ignorance esa slave dh Hkkafr ftanxh thuk.”

Take Red Pill Take Blue Pill

↓ ↓

Knowledge is Power Ignorance is bliss

↓ ↓

Learn Roots, Prefixes & Suffixes Rote learning

↓ ↓

Know more about new words Memorizing lists of unconnected, isolated words

↓ ↓

Learn that word Learn that word

↓ ↓

Associate unfamiliar words with a familiar one Forget just after 2 week

↓ ↓

Learn that word permanently (Remember for life time) Next time this word becomes new again

If you choose Red Pill

Welcome aboard, Neo!!

vkt ls vki Hkh Neo gksa tks cgqr tYnh&tYnh u;s words lh[ksxk vkSj life esa lQyrk gkfly djsxk ¼bl Rote learning Matrix Simulation ls ckgj fudy
dj!½
bl Book dks bl izdkj fy[kk x;k gS vki u;s words dks lh[kus dh bl Journey dks enjoy djsaxs rFkk bu words dh “pills of knowledge & learning” dks
,sls prepare fd;k x;k gSa fd vkids fy, bu pills dks swallow djuk] ,d pleasurable experience cu tk;sxkA
Note: viuh ekufld 'kfDr;ksa dks igpkuus vkSj mUgsa ekuo dY;k.k ds fy, fodflr djus ds fy, vkidks The Matrix Triology → The Matrix (1999),
The Matrix Reloaded (2003), & The Matrix Revolutions (2003) (trio→ 3) rhuksa Movies t:j ns[kuh pkfg,A bu movies dh philosophy cgqr gn
rd Hkkjrh; n'kZu fl)kUrksa] oSfnd lkfgR; vkSj Lokeh foosdkuUn ds fopkjksa ls esy [kkrh gSA
 PREFACE
“Avatar - The Word Master” ,d pedagogically-oriented book
gS ftlesa Prifixes, Roots & Suffixes dh help ls words dks quickly &
easily ;kn djuk fl[kk;k x;k gSA blesa NEON Approach dks ,d ,sls
system ds :i esa develop fd;k x;k gSa tks ,d lkFk cgqr lkjs words dks
;kn j[kus esa Memory aid dh rjg dke djrk gAS
;g words dks Better and Faster understanding dk ,slk shortcut gSa
ftldh lgk;rk ls vki ,d wider Vocabulary r;kj S dj ldrs gSaA blesa
word - histories vkjS etymologies dh lgk;rk ls words dks cgqr vklku
rjhds ls le>k;k x;k gSA
v Chron → Time
v Chronological – in order of time
v Synchronize (Syn – together, with) – Make agree in time, to
put on the same timetable.
v Anachronism (Ana - backwards) – events placed out of its
proper time; something that is chronologically out of place
For example, if you see someone wearing a dress that was
usually worn only in the medieval period, you could call that
an “anachronism”.

Word – history vkSj etymology fdlh dks yEcs le; rd ;kn

word v Chronic – Continuing over a long time

j[kus ds fy, powerful Mnemonic tools gaSA blds lkFk&2 Prefixes, v Chronicle – Chronological record of events

Roots and Suffixes dh help ls fdlh word dks dissect djds ml word v Chronometer – Device to measure time. A clock is, therefore,
ds lHkh parts dks thoroughly analyse djds ml word dh family ds a chronometer.

ckdh lHkh words dks Hkh easily and quickly le>k tk ldrk gSA fQj Hkys v Tempor – Time
gh oks words vkius igys dHkh ugha i<+s gksaA v Temporary – for the time being
vc ge ds example ls le>rs gSaA Mnemonics dk
'Mnemonics' v Contemporary – happening at the present or same time
meaning gksrk gS & “an aid to memory”, vFkkZr dksbZ Image, word,
( con→together, with)
device or system tks fdlh pht dks ;kn j[kus eas vkidh help djsA
v Extemporaneous – said or composed on the spur of the
Mythic Origi n – The word
moment; Impromptu
“Mnemonics” comes from
v Tempo – Relative rate of speed in music; pattern of activity
Mnemosyne, The Goddess of
memory, hence it is related to v Temporal – Not permanent; secular as opposed to spiritual
memory, Mnemosyne is said to v Temporize – to act to gain time; to delay
have represented the rote
bl izdkj roots oks etymological clues gSa tks wide range vocabulary
memorisation required before
the introduction of writing, to
dks ;kn djus rFkk yEcs le; rd mind esa cuk;s j[kus ds fy, most
pr e s e rve a n ci e nt knowl e dge powerful mnemonic tools dh Hkkafr O;ogkj djrs gSaA

through stories and myths.
Mnemonics 'kCn dk origin Greek Goddess Mnemosyne ls gqvk gS]
tks memorydh symbol gSA Mnemosyne jVus dh izFkk ls tqM+h Fkh tks
writing dh 'kq:vkr ls igys ancient knowledge dks preserve ds fy,
vko';d FkkA mudk role story telling vkSj myths ds ek/;e ls
knowledge dks preserve djus eas enn djus dh FkhA ;gha ls mnemonics
dk use fdlh word, poem etc. dks ;kn djus ds fy, fd;k tkus yxkA
'Mne' root ls develop gq, dqN vU; words
v Amnesty (A – not + mne – mind + ty) – a general pardon for
offences against a government (an official forgetting )
v Amnesia (A – without + mne – mind + ia) – loss of memory
,d vU; example ls le>rs gSa&
Time ds fy, Greek root – “Chron” rFkk Latin root “Tempor” i;D
z q r
gksrk gSA
Word histories, Etymologies rFkk roots dh help ls words ds origin
dks tkuus] le>us dk great benefit ;g gS fd ge words ds meaning ds
ckjs eas cgqr dqN additional information tku ikrs gaS rFkk Roots ls cuus
okys iwjs “cluster of words” dks Hkh vklkuh ls associate djds ;kn j[k
ikrs gSaA
Roots dh help ls words dks le>us rFkk tkuus dk ,d advantage ;g
Hkh gSa vkidks words ds origin rFkk language development esa interest
vkus yxsxk D;ksafd Roots fdlh word dh lfn;ksa iqjkuh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrs gSaA
tYnh gh vki Notice djsaxs fd tc Hkh dksbZ u;k word vkids lkeus vk;sxk
vki mldk Root – Prefix – Suffix dh help ls dissection djuk pkgsaxsA
bu dgkfu;ksa dks lquu]s le>us vkSj u;s&u;s words ;kn djus ds fy, vki
vHkh

II
 CONTENTS
 The Matrix Simulation -

 Foreword I

 Preface II

 Introduction III

 Who is this book for XI

 Purpose of this book XI

 Why you need this book XI

 Reading this book XI

 What does Vocabulary building means XI

 The Neon Approach for Superior Vocabulary XII

 Test (Your Present Vocabulary - 100 Questions) XV

 Test your vocabulary Range (100 Questions) XVIII

 List of Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes (Index) XX

 Key to book entries A&B

 Avatar : The Word Master 01-400

 Foreign words 401-409

 Important words 410-437

 1000 Additional words (Phobia, Mania etc.) 438-448

 Table of Specialised Terms (Animal & Birds) 449-453

 Spellings : Concepts, Tips, Tricks & Techniques 454-471

 20 Tests (1000 Questions) 472-491

 Exit Test (100 Questions) 492-493

 Laconic (Lakon- Laconia, Sparta + ic) adj
Additional Words:
• (Of a person, speech, or style of writing) using very few
bl Book ds last Hkkx esa 1000 + additional words fn;s x;s gSaA words.
 Syn : Brusque, Compact, Pithy, Terse, Crisp (SSC MTS
bu words esa common endings gS tSls & latry, cide, phobia, philia, 2016), Brief (SSC CHSL2017), Concise (SSC SI 2006), (SSC CPO
ism etc. PRE 2016, 2017), (SSC CHSL 2021)
 Ant : Wordy, Redundant, Verbose, Bombastic (CDS 2005,
bu additional words esals dqN words common gSa rFkk dqN words dk NDA 2006, 2008)
usage T;knk frequent ugha gSA bu words dks include djus dk mÌs'; Origin: Laconia, southern Greece dh ,d country FkhA
vkidks u;s roots fl[kkuk gSA ftldh jktèkkuh Sparta Fkh] vkSj Spartans de 'kCnksa esa viuh
ckr dgus ds fy, famous FksA ;gha ls Laconic dk vFkZ ,d ,sls
;s possible gS fd vki dHkh Hkh fuEu words dks iz;qDr uk djsa tSls & O;fä dh cksyh ;k fy[kus dh 'kSyh ds fy, fd;k tkus yxk tks cgqr
Cynophobia, dulciloquent, senicide, tardiloquy, viameter, etc. de 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx djrk gksA
but bu words esa vk;s gq, roots ls cuus okys vU; words dks vklkuh ls Example : Alexander ds father
learn dj ldsa rFkk bu u;s words esa ls dqN words definitely vkidks Philip II us tc Laconia ij
exams esa feysaxsaA attack fd;k rks mlus dgk &
Philip II- Whether he should
Example - 1 :
come as friend or foe?

v
Cynophobia (Cyno - dog + phobia - fear) - fear of dogs. Spartan reply - Neither.
Again Philip II - If I enter Laconia, I will raze Sparta to the
v
Cynosure (Cyno - dog + sura - tail) - centre of attention' ground.
Origin : Cynosure is being derived from the Greek word for a Spartan reply - If.
dog's tail. One of the ancient names of the constellation Ursa Example - 3:
Minor, the little Bear. Since this constellation contains Polaris,
the North Star. The eyes of mariners were naturally directed to it. v
Senicide (Seni - old + cide - to kill) - Killing of old men.

Hence, cynosure means something that attracts, a centre of v

Senile (Seni- old + le) - behaving in a confused way, and
attention. unable to remember things because you are old.

¼cynosure 'kCn dk vFkZ Greek esa dog's tail gS] u{k= ^mjlk _{k* dk ,d Note : Senior also contains the root seni, old.
iqjkuk uke dog's tail, dqÙks dh iwaN] Hkh Fkk] bl u{k= esa /kzqo rkjk Example 4 :
[Polaris, the North Star] Hkh 'kkfey gS] /kzqo rkjs dh fLFkfr ges'kk ,d gh
v
Tardiloquent (Tardi - slow + loquent - to speak) - speaking
txg jgrh gS] vr% ukfod jkr esa fn'kk lwpd ds :i esa /kzqo rkjs dks dke slowly
esa ysrs Fks] ftlls mudh vka[ks jkr esa ckj&ckj /kzqo rkjs dh rjQ tkrh Fkh]
v
Tardy (Tardy- slow) - slow to act, move or happen
blfy;s /khjs&/khjs cynosure dk vFkZ centre of attention] vkd"kZ.k dk
dsUnz gks x;kA½ v
Retard (Re - back + tard - slow) - to make the progress of
something slower
v
Cynic, cynical, cynicism
Example 5 :
Cynic (Cyno - dog + ic - like) - person who disbeliefs in
v
Viameter (Via - way + meter - measurement) - instrument
man's sincerity; that means person who is like a dog.
for measuring revolutions of a wheel.
Again it is true for :
v
Deviant (De - away from + via - way) - different from
Example - 2 : normal and acceptable

v
Dulciloquent (Dulci - sweet + loquent - to speak) - speaking v
Obviate (Ob - stop + via - way) - to remove a problem.
sweetly
v
Trivial (Tri - three + via - way) - not important or serious
It might possible you never come across the words like
Origin : In Latin, the place, where three ways (roads) meet was
“Dulciloquent”, "Tardiloquent" and "Viamater" but you will
called a trivium. The market place talk, the gossip and chatter in
definitely see the following words in your examinations.
these places was held to be ordinary. Hence trivial, was used to
For example : characterize such unimportant talk.

v
Dulce (Dulce- sweet) - a sweet food or drink ysfVu esa og LFkku tgka rhu jkLrs feyrs gS trivium ¼ frjkgk½
v
dgykrk gS] bl LFkkuksa ij tks Hkh ckrsa gksrh oks
v
Dulcet (Dulce - sweet) - sounding sweet and pleasant
lk/kkj.k gossip gh gksrh ftudh dksbZ T;knk importance ughaa gksrh
v
Dulcimer (Dulce - sweet + mer - melody) - an instrument FkhA vr% bu ckrksa dks trivial ¼rqPN] egRoghu½ dgk tkus yxkA
that produces sweet sound.

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes IX

Lethargic- (Lthargos - forgetful + ic) adj Narcissist (Narcissism + ist) n
• Without any energy or • The habit of always admiring
enthusiasm for doing things. oneself. (SSC GD 2018), (SSC CGL
vkylh PRE 2022)

 Syn : Sluggish, Languid,  Syn : Egotist, Boaster,

Torpid (SSC CGL 2016), Inactive Egocentric, Self-Centred,
(SSC CPO PRE2016), Lazy (SSC CGL Self-Obsessed (AFCAT-1 2019)
PRE 2016)

 Ant : Active, Energetic, Vigorous, Lively (SSC MTS 2016), Origin:

Animated (SSC STENO 2017) Word Narcissist Greek mythology ls vk;k gSA Greek
Origin: Mythology ds vuqlkj ,d Beautiful young man
Greek mythology ds according Lethe ,d river dk uke Fkk Narcissus ftlus ikuh esa viuk reflection ns[kk rks mls vius gh
ftls 'River of Unmindfulness or Forgetfulness" Hkh dgk reflection ds lkFk I;kj gks x;kA viuh [kqn dh lqanjrk ds çfr
tkrk FkkA ,slk ekuk tkrk Fkk fd tc fdlh dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS] rks mldk tquwu bruk vfèkd c<+ x;k Fkk fd mlus vius
mls vius fiNys thou ds ckjs esa lc dqN Hkwyus ds fy, Lethe reflection dks ikus ds fy, unh esa dqn x;k ftldh otg ls og
unh dk ikuh fiyk;k tkrk FkkA varr% Hkwyus dh ;g fØ;k
sluggishness, inactivity ;k indifference dh Hkkoukvksa ls tqM+h
ej x;kA Narcissus ls gh word modify gksdj Narcissist cuk,
gqà FkhA vkSj rHkh ls bl word dk use lqLrh] fuf"Ø;rk ;k ftldk use ,d ,sls O;fDr ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks [kqn dks cgqr
mnklhurk dks show djus ds fy, fd;k tkus yxkA admire djrk gksA

Hence, you are advised to read and learn these additional words I do guarantee if you read this book:
thoroughly, so that you can learn the additional roots and can use
them in learning new words. v
That you will learn the complete etymology for each
word.
bu roots dks ;kn djsa rFkk buls cuus okys words dks le>saA Words dks
jVus dh dksf'k'k uk djsa cfYd roots dks base cukdj ;g le>usa dh v
That you will develop a great interest in words.
dksf'k'k djsa fd ;g word dSls cuk gSA ;fn ,d ckj vkius fdlh word dks
le> fy;k rks fQj ml word dks dHkh ugh HkwyksxsA ;fn vki dsoy v
That you will develop a great insight into words.

Roots dks gh learn dj ysas rks gtkjksa words ls familiar gks tk,xsaA v
That you will acquire a new word easily and hold on it for
;s lHkh roots Greek rFkk Latin words dk gh ,d part gksrs gSA bu longer period of time.
roots dh lgk;rk ls vki words ds meaning rFkk spellings dks
v
That, in your examination you will do better in sections
vklkuh ls ;kn j[k ik;saxsA vr% vkils visf{kr gS fd bu lHkh
like vocabulary and comprehension.
additional words dks thoroughly i<+s] learn djs rFkk buesa iz;qDr gksus
okys roots dks le>s vkSj ;kn j[ksaA rkfd vki future esa u;s words This book will enhance your vocabulary quickly. A strong

lh[kus esa bu additional roots dks use dj ik;saA vocabulary gives you : -

bl Book dslast Hkkx esa 20 Tests fn;s gS ftlesa 1000 Questions gSA ;s v
A more challenging & rewarding job.
questions eq[;r% One Word Substitution, Synonym rFkk
v
Greater self-confidence in speaking & in writing.
Antonym, Spelling Errors ij based gS RkFkk vkidh memory dks
Test djssaxsA bu questions dk level fdlh Hkh Standardized v
Improved comprehension in all your reading.
Examination (ie CAT, SSC, BANK, CDS, MBA etc.) ds vuqlkj j[kk
x;k gSA vr% bu Tests esa vPNk score djus ds fy, Hard work djsaA v
Success in your studies.

You will notice that after completion of this book you will
Words ds fcuk mankind vkt Hkh ,d savage (taxyh tkuoj) dh Hkk¡fr
not be the same, you can't be.
gh gksrsA ysfdu words us gesa lh[kus le>us rFkk vius fopkj izdV djus
dh vlhe 'kfDr iznku dh gSA Words Hkh ekuo dh intelligence dk gh I have tried to make the study of words pleasant and easy .
,d igyw gSaA cgqr lkjs research ;s prove dj pqds gSa fd ftu students Here's a brilliant new way to learn and remember words.
dh vocabulary cgqr strong gksrh gS oks viuh studies esa vU; fo+|kfFkZ;ksa
ls vkxs jgrs gSaA vr% words ds fear dks vius Åij gkoh uk gksus nsa mUgs
viuk master (ekfyd) uk cuus ns cfYd ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k djs fd Have fun!!!

dSls words dks viuk slave (nkl) cuk;k tk ldsA tSls &2 vki words
;kn djrs tk;saxs oSls & 2 budk fear Hkh de gksrk tk;sxk rFkk vki ns[ksaxs
fd cgqr lkjs words rks vius vki gh vkidh vocabulary dk living
part curs tk;saxsA

X
 Odyssey (n)
The NEON Approach for superior
A long & wandering trip.
vocabulary Origin :
The philosophy behind NEON CLASSES (NEON → NEO →New) Odyssey 'kCn dk origin ancient Greek
is simple : we teach what you need to know and try to make it poem “Odysseia” ls gqvk gSA ;g poem,
interesting and fun at the same time. Trojan war ds ckn odyssey [Ithaca ds jktk]
The methods we have developed are easy to use and we believe, dh 10 o"kZ dh yEch ;k=k dks describe djrh
extremely effective. gSA ;gh ls Odyssey 'kCn long vkSj
The NEON Approach consists of three strategies: adventurous journey ;k trip ds fy, use gksus
(i) Divide and Learn yxkA
(ii) Think and Associate
(1) Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis
(iii) Repeat and Retain
(45 letters)
A word that refers to a lung disease, caused by very small particles
Strategy (i) Divide and learn of Volcanic ash and dust. Medically it is same as silicosis.
bl strategy esa ge fdlh word dks mlds parts esa divide djrs gSa] rFkk vc bl word dks NksVs & NksVs parts esa divide djrs gSaA
mls through analysis djds le>rs vkSj learn djrs gSaA
v
Pneumono - related to the lungs
The words you consider long are combinations of short words or
Pneumonia, Pneumonococcus,
parts of words written together. The trick is to be able to divide the
Pleuropneumonia, Peripneumonia, Pneumonic,
long words into recognizable short units.
Pneumonitis
Before invention of printing

Handwritten books esa sentences esa words dks Jammed together v

Ultra - beyond

djds bl izdkj fy[kk tkrk FkkA bls i<+dj le>us dh dksf’k’k djsaA Ultramarathon, Ultrasonic, Ultrasound,
Ultramodern, Ultramarine, Ultracritical,
Ultraviolate rays
Director's Message
v
Micro - Small
About NEON CLASSES Microbes, Micronesia, Microcosm, Microbiology
WelcometoNEONAttheoutsetIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudefo
v
Scopic - to view or look at
rthetrustyouhaveplacedinNEONThisisaGoldenageforCareerEdu
cationWithakeenfocusonqualityeducationwearesteadfastinourpat Telescope, Oscilloscope, Kaleidoscope,
hgivingassistanceandaidtothousandsofstudentsforattainingmerit Microscope, Hygroscope, Periscope
oriousheightsWeworkcloselytoservestudentsinfulfillingtheiracad v
Silico - Silicon ( found in quartz, flint, sand)
emicdreamsthroughprofessionalguidanceOurhighlydedicatedan
dcommittedteamstrivestoachieveexcellenceinthefieldofcompetit
v
Volcano - Volcano

iveexampreparation
Intheeraofcutthroatcompetitionwehavedevelopedanewpedagogy
namedNEONapproachforyourselectioniningovernmentjobsThis
pedagogyenhancesyourlearningskillsandaptitudeThedifferenceb
etweena successful person and
othersisnotalackofstrengthnotalackofknowledgebutratheralackof
willguidanceandmentoringAtNEONwearefocusedonyoursuccess
Wehavemanytrustworthyandsupportivestudents&parentsandIm
ustappreciatecongratulateandthankallourstudents&theirparentsf
ortheirbelief&patronagetoNEON
→ bl sentence dks le>us ds fy, bls NksVs & NksVs words esa ns[kuk gksxk
vkSj vk'p;Z dh ckr ;s gS fd vki us bu sentences dks cgqr vPNh rjg ls
v
Koni - Greek (dust)
v
Osis- Noun suffix (indicating illness)
Trichinosis, Cirrhosis, Cholorosis, Leukocytosis,
Tuberculosis, Neurofibromatosis
(2) antidisestablishmentarianism (28 letters)
antidisestablishmentarianism → is opposition to a breaking away
from an established church. This word is used to refer to people who
opposed withdrawing support of the Anglican church of England.
;g ns[kus esa cgqr cM+k word gSa but bls divide djds cgqr vklkuh ls le>k
tk ldrk gSaA ;fn blds prefixes (anti-, dis-) rFkk suffixes (-ment, -
arian, -ism) dks gVk fn;k tk;s rks “establish” 'ks"k jgrk gSA

i<+ Hkh fy;k vkSj le> Hkh fy;k] ;s gS gekjs brain dh Power! establish dks Hkh further dividefd;k tk ldrk gSA establish, Latin
Divide word into units to learn its meaning. verb 'stare' (Stare → sta → to stand) ls cuk gSA Root “sta” ls cus gq, dqN

blh izdkj long words dks Hkh NksVs & NksVs parts esa rksM+dj le>k tk ldrk vkSj words bl izdkj gSaA (Stable, Distant, Stationary, Extant, Instant,
Substantial, Constant, Circumstantial) .
gSA
The longest word in any of the major English Language
bl izdkj dissection ds ckn ;g 28 letters dk word dsoy 3 letter ds

Dictionaries is basic root sta- ds :i esa 'ks"k jg x;k gSA

XII
v
anti - against or opposed Nemesis (Nemein - give what is due now )n
Downfall that satisfies natural justice. (SSC CPO 2020)
v
disestablishment - the act of withdrawing exclusive state
support from (a church)
Origin:
Nemesis çfr'kksèk (vengeance) dh Greek
v -arian - a person who supports or practices something
goddess FkhA Greek yksxksa dk ekuuk F​ kk fd
v -ism - noun suffix, doctrine (ism is used in nouns that Nemesis vijkèkh dks rqjar nafMr ugÈ djrh
mean an adherence or devotion to something)
Fkh] cfYd vijkèk dk cnyk ysus ds fy,
(3) Hexakosioihexakontahexaphobia (29 letters) generation rd wait djrh Fkh ij U;k;
,d cgqr gh c+M+k word gS rFkk gks ldrk gS fd vkius bls igys dHkh lquk djrh FkhA In English, Nemesis fdlh ,sls person dks refer
Hkh uk gks but ;fn vkidks root words dk knowledge gS rks vki cgqr djrh gS tks U;k;iw.kZ izfr'kks/k ysA
vklkuh ls blds meaning dks le> ldrs gSA The root may suggest an association with another word that
looks similar and whose meaning you know. This new word's
Dissect djus ij
meaning may give you a clue as to the meaning of the original
Greek Roots -
word or the opposite in meaning to the original word if you need
Hexakosioi - 6 lkS (600) an opposite.
Hexakonta - lkB (60) For example, Extricate reminder us of the word, “extract” (ex →
out, tract → to draw; extract → to draw out, withdraw, take or get
Hexa - N% (6)
out), the opposite of which is 'to put together.”
Phobia - Mj
;fn ge fdlh word ds Prefix, Root rFkk Suffix ds ckjs esa tku tk;s rks
vr% bl word dk vFkZ gqvk & “ number 666 ls yxus okyk Mj.” ge ml word dh better understanding develop dj ldrs gSa rFkk ml
blh izdkj ;fn vki Root words ij vPNh idM+ cuk ysrs gS rks fdlh Hkh Root dh family ds vU; words dks Hkh associate djds yEcs le; rd
u;s word dk vFkZ Hkh vklkuh ls guess dj ik;saxsaA ;kn j[k ysaxs] D;ksafd words generally, clusters esa gh develop gksrs gSaA
;fn vki etymology (Etym - true meaning + ology - study of - The bls ,d example, Root → “sult” ls le>rs gSaA sult family ds dqN
study of the true meaning; derivation, and history of a word 'kCnksa members dh spelling esa sal, sil ;k sault dh form vkrh gS] but sult

dk bfrgkl] vFkZ rFkk L=ksr vkfn dk v/;;u) dh le> develop dj family ds uke dk meaning gj txg “jump or leap” ¼Nykax yxkuk]

ik;s rks dHkh Hkh confusing words dks misuse ugha djsaxsa vkSj uk gh dwnuk½ gh gksxkA
budh spelling xyr fy[ksaxsaA Desultory Hkh sult family ls belong djrk
gSA Desultory ds Root dks
For Example : le> dj ge bl 'sult' family ds vU; members dks Hkh le>saxsA
Biannual rFkk Biennial confusing words gSA Roman times dh ckr gSA Roman circuses esa ,d horse rider gksrk
Fkk
*^nks o"kksZa esa ,d ckj ?kfVr gksuk**] **,d o"kZ easa nks ckj ?kfVr gksuk** fdl tks arean (Harena → place of combat) esa crowd dks entertain djus
condition ds fy, dkSulk word iz;qDr gksxk lkekU;r% ;g confusion ds fy, ride djrs gq, horse change djus ds djrc fn[kkrk FkkA bl
rider dks desultor dgrs Fks D;ksafd ;g ,d horse ls nwljs horse ij
gh jgrk gSA
jump djrk FkkA
Root words bl izdkj ds confusion dks nwj djus esa gekjh cgqr Help
(De → away from; sult → jump; or → doer)
djrs gSA
blh word ls u;k word cuk → Desultory
v Biannual- (Bi - two + ann - year + ual) adj - Occurring twice a
year. lky esa nks ckj gksus okyk vr% ,d desultory conversation, oks conversation gksxk tks
aimlessly ,d topic ls nwljs topic ij jump djrk jgrk gSA
v Biennial- (Bi - two + enn - years + ial) adj - Occurring o n c e
every two years. nks lky esa ,d ckj gksus okyk v Insult - jumping on him
;fn vki fdlh dh insult djrs gks rks vki figuratively ml ij
Strategy (ii) Think and Associate dwn iM+rs gksA
Although the English language contains hundreds of thousands v
Resilient - jump back (re → back) to its original state
of words, you will discover that many groups of words are related
;fn dksbZ substance 'resilient' gS rks [khapus ds ckn iqu% viuh
in meaning, because they developed from a common root.
original state esa vk tk;sXkkA
When you recognize that a group of words share a common root,
you will more easily remember the entire group. v
Exultant - jumping out of (ex → out) your skin with joy
Psychologists have shown that when one associates an unfamiliar ;fn vki exultant mood esa gSa rks vki [kq'kh ds ekjs jump dj
word with a familiar one, the learning is more permanent, jgs gSaA
looking at the root and seeing other words in the same family, the
student can better associate, and therefore, better remember the v
Somersault - to lead or jump while turning the heels
meaning of the root. over head (Supra → somer → above)

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XIII
 ;fn vki somersault djrs gSa rks vki ground dks touch fd;s vr% commiseration dk vFkZ gqvk & sharing of misery; feel
fcuk heels over head dwnrs gSaA sorrow, regret or compassion for through sympathy vr% lgh
answer gksxk option (c) Sympathy
v
Assault - a jumping toward
Prefix (com-) rFkk (Key word Misery) suffix (-tion) dh help ls ge
bl izdkj Roots dh help ls ge cgqr de le; esa cgqr lkjs
commiseration dh spelling Hkh ;kn j[k ldrs gSaA
words dks ;kn dj ysaxs rFkk yEcs le; rd mUgsa viuh
memory esa cuk;s j[ksaxsA Q. 4 Antonym of Appease
(a) Pacify (b) Soothe
Roots, prefixes and suffixes dh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh word ds
(c) Praise (d) Anger
meaning dks le> ldrsa gSaA blds fy, ge bl word esa vk;s gq, root
ls feyrs&tqyrs fdlh vU; word dks associate djrs gSasA Explanatory Answer:

Q.1 Synonym of Jocular Option (d) Anger is correct

(a) Humorous (b) Changing Key word for association → Peace

(c) Unconscious (d) Antagonistic Appease dk vFkZ gksrk gS & ßfdlh anger ;k agitation dks de djukAÞ
Explanatory Answer: vr% blds Antonyms gksaxs & Annoy, Infuriate, Inflame, Anger,
Option (a) Humorous is correct. Violent or Incense.
Jocular ls feyrk tqyrk word gS & Joke Q.5 Antonym of Fortitude

vr% ;gka key word for association gqvk & Joke (a) Courage (b) Cowardice

Jocular dk meaning gksrk gS & Joking, Funny, Humorous. (c) Bravery (d) Calm
Explanatory Answer:
Q.2 Synonym of 'Statis'
Option (b) Cowardice is correct.
(a) Fluctuations (b) Stability
(c) Neglectful (d) Silent Key word for association → Fort, Fortify (to make something

Explanatory Answer: strong)

Option (b) Stability is correct. vr% Fortitude dk vFkZ gksxk 'Mind dh strength tks fdlh person dks
pain ;k hardship dks lgu djus dh {kerk nsrk gSA
Key word for association → Static or Stationary

Statis dk vFkZ gS & Firmness, Equilibrium, Stability, Balance blds Antonyms → Cowardice, Timidity etc.
Q. 3. Synonym of commiseration
(a) Permanent (b) Truthful
Strategy (iii) Repeat and Retain
(c) Sympathy (c) Luxurious Words dks viuh long term memory esa ys tkus ds fy, bUgsa ckj&ckj
use djuk vko';d gSaA viuh writing and spoken esa bu u;s words dks
Explanatory Answer:
t:j 'kkfey djsaA rFkk periodically ;kn fd;s gq, lHkh words dks
Option (c) Sympathy is correct.
Revise djrs jgsaA
gks ldrk gSa vki esa cgqr ls cPps bl word dk meaning ugha tkurs gksA
Use the new word every chance you get; Dare to be repetitious. If
bl word easa “Key element” dks find djus dh dksf'k'k djsaA
you don't keep new knowledge in shape, you won't keep it all.
Commiseration → com + misera + tion One Last Tip : Use it or lose it !
Com → prefix ( com→with, together) The more you can work your new vocabulary into your daily
speech and writing, The more you'll remember it.
misera→ Key element (Root)
;k rks u;s lh[ks x;s words dks use djsa ;k os vkidh memory ls xk;c
tion → Noun suffix
gks tk;saxsA
vc misera dks associate djus dh dksf'k'k djsaxs rks ;g misery dh ;kn
Words dksvius Lo;a ds 'kCnksa esa define djus dh dksf'k'k djsa] tc vki
fnykrk gSA vr% ;gka Misery Key word gS ftlls associate djuk gSaA
fdlh word dks vius Lo;a ds 'kCnksa esa define djus yx tk;saxs rks vki
Misery ,d common word gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS& “Great suffering ml word dks dHkh ugha HkwysaxsA
or unhappiness, ?kksj fujk'kk ;k O;FkkÞ
Word power c<+kus dk lcls effective method ;gh gS fd igys word

Misery, Latin ds root “Miseria” ls cuk gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS -

dks le>k tk;s fQj association ls mls ;kn fd;k tk;s vkSj fQj viuh
reading esa ml word dks <wa<k tk;sA bls ,d mnkgj.k ls le>rs gSa & ;fn vkius
Wretchedness, Pitiable.”
dksbZ ubZ Bike [kjhnh gS rks tYn gh vki notice djrs gSa fd lM+d ij oks
v Miser - One who hoards wealth and spends as little money
Bike vkidks ckj&ckj fn[kus yxrh gSa] vki ns[krs gSa fd cgqr ls nwljs yksxksa
as possible.
ds ikl Hkh oks Bike gSaA
v Miserable - Very unhappy or uncomfortable Go after a word the way James Bond went after the antagonists
Prefix (com dk vFkZ gksrk gS & with, together) Mr. Big & Dr. Julius No.

XIV
 Developing your Vocabulary Through

Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes

That can give you the meaning

of over 2,00,000 words

Linguistic studies ds vuqlkj]

Approximately 60% English words, Latin and Greek ls derived gSaA ;s Prefixes , Roots
and Suffixes dh list vocabulary dks Quick and Easy rjhds ls inhance djus esa cgqr
helpful jgsxhA

Roots English language ds building blocks gSaA ;s Prefixes, Roots and Suffixes, Greek
vkSj Latin words ds part gSaA ;s Roots vkidks fdlh word ds meaning rFkk ml word dh
spelling convention dks le>us esa lgk;d gksaxsA bl Book esa lHkh Prefixes and Suffixes
dks Hkh roots gh consider fd;k x;k gSA

;fn vki dsoy bu Roots dks Hkh learn dj ysrs gSa rks Hkh gtkjksa] yk[kksa words ls familiar gks
tk;saxs tks fd regularly vkids lkeus vkrs gSa] pkgs Newspaper esa ;k vkids fdlh exam ds
reading comprehension section esasA cgqr ls exams esa rks One Word Substitution,
Synonyms & Antonyms direct gh iwNs tkrs gSaA

bu Roots dk knowledge vkidks fdlh word ds meaning dks

;kn j[kus esa rFkk u;s words ds
meaning dks guess djus esa cgqr help djsxkA viuh Reading vocabulary dks immensely
increase djus ds fy, Roots dh bl list dks cgqr vPNs ls learn djsa vkSj vki ns[ksaxs fd u;s
words ds meaning dks Hkh vki 4 options esa ls identify dj ysaxsA

bl list esa
vk;s gq, Roots dks jVus dh dksf'k'k uk djsa dsoy Read & Understand djsaA fdlh
root ls tks word lcls common use okyk gS] mls pink djds fn;k x;k gS rkfd vki bl
Root ds cluster dks bl pink word ls associate djds ;kn j[k ldsaA

Prefixes, Roots and Suffixes dh ;s list vkidks 2]00]000 ls Hkh T;knk word ds meaning
dks le>us esa helpful jgsxhA
A NEON Prefix-Root-Suffix list that gives you the meaning of over 2,00,000 words.
INDEX
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
01. a/an (Greek) - without, Abysmal, Abyss, Acarpous, Acentric, Acephalous, Achromatic, Acyclic, Adamant, Agnosia,
not, negative Agnostic, Agonic, Agraphia, Alexia, Ambrosia, Amnesia, Amnesty, Amoral, Amorphous,
Anaemia, Analgesia, Analgesic, Anarchic, Anarchist, Anarchy, Anecdote, Anodyne, Anomalous, 01
Anomaly, Anonym, Anorexia, Anosmia, Apathy, Aphasia, Aphonia, Aphotic, Apnea/Apnoea,
Aseptic, Asocial, Asylum, Asymmetry, Asynchronous, Atheist, Atom, Atrophy, Atypical
02. a (Latin) - on Aboard, Abroad, Afire, Aflame, Akin, Aloof, Amiss, Amuse, Around, Ashamed,
03
Ashore, Atop, Awry
03. a - down, aside, Abode, Allay 03
intensifier
04. ab/abs - Off, Abhor, Abjure, Ablution, Abominate, Abound, Abscond, Absent, Absently, Absolution,
03
away from, apart, Absorb, Absorption, Abstain, Abstemious, Abstinent, Abstract, Abstruse, Absurd,
down Abundance, Advance, Aversion, Avocation
05. abbas - father Abba, Abbess, Abbey, Abbot. 04
06. abil - handy Ability, Able, Ably, Disability, Disable, Disabled, Inability, Unable 05
07. abol - destroy, get rid of Abolish, Abolition, Abolitionism, Abolitionist 05
08. ac/acr/acu - sharp, bitter Acerbic, Acerbity, Acid, Acidulate, Acrid, Acrimonious, Acumen, Acute, Eager,
05
Eagerness, Excerbate
09. ac/ad/af/ag/al/an/ap/ar/ Abandon, Abate, Abatement, Abet, Abeyance, Abutting, Accentuate, Accentuating, Accept,
as/at - to forward, Acceptable, Acceptance, Acclimatize, Accolade, Accommodate, Accomplish,
to, toward, near Accomplishment, Accord, Accost, Accountant, Accretion, Accrue, Accumulate,
Acquisition, Acquit, Adapt, Addict, Addition, Adduce, Adhere, Adherent, Adit, Adjacent,
Adjoin, Adjoining, Adjunct, Adjure, Administer, Admirable, Admiration, Admire, Admit,
Adolescence, Adoptive, Adore, Adored, Adulterate, Adventurous, Adverb, Advice, Advocate, 06
Affliction, Affront, Agglomerative, Aggregation, Agreeable, Agreement, Aid,
Alignment, Allegation, Allocate, Allow, Alloy, Allure, Alluring, Amenable, Amusing, Annexation,
Announce, Annul, Appal, Appalling, Apparent, Apparently, Apparition, Appear,
Appearance, Appertain, Applaud, Applause, Apply, Appreciate, Appreciation, Apprehend,
Apprehended, Appropriate, Approve, Approved, Arraign, Arraignment, Arrival, Ascent,
Aspiration, Assault, Assemble, Assembly, Asserted, Asserting, Assertion, Asset, Assiduity,
Assiduous, Assignment, Assimilate, Assist, Assistance, Associate, Assuage, Assumption,
Attachment, Attempt, Attendance, Attention, Attentive, Attractive, Avow.
10. acknow - acknowledge, Acknowledge, Unacknowledged
11
admit, confess
11. acro -high, extremity, tip Acrobat, Acrobatics, Acrocarpous, Acrolect, Acronym, Acrophobia, Acropolis, Acrostic 11
12. act - do Act, Action, Activate, Active, Activity, Actor, Actual, Exact, Inaction, Inactive,
12
Proactive, React, Reaction, Transaction
13. add - attach to, add, Addendum, Additionally, Additive 12
give to
14. adulari-fawn on, to flatter Adulation 12
15. aenigma/ainos - riddle, Enigma, Enigmatic
tale, story, proverb
12
16. aer - air Aerial, Aerobatics, Aerobic, Aerodrome, Aerodynamics, Aeronaut, Aeroplane, Aerosol 12
17. aesthet - feel, perceive Aesthete/Esthete, Aesthetic/Esthetic, Aesthetics / Esthetics, Anesthetic/, Anaesthetic 13
18. aev/ev - age, era, time Coeval, Longevity, Medieval/ Mediaeval, Primeval 13
19. affect - influenced, Affect, Affectation, Affected, Affectionate, Affective, Disaffect, Disaffected, Unaffected
13
strongly moved
20. ag/agi/agita - to do, Agenda, Agent, Agile, Agility, Agitate, Agitation, Cogent, Exigent, Litigate, Prodigal
to drive, to force, to lead
13
21. agger - heap up Exaggerate 14
22. agog/agogue - leader, Anagoge, Demagogue, Hynagogue, Mystagogue, Pedagogue, Pedagogy, Synagogue
14
to lead
23. agon - contest, struggle, Agon, Agonize, Agony, antagonism, antagonist, antagonistic, antagonize, protagonist 14
conflict
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
24. agora/egor - assembly Agorphobia, Allegorical, Allegory, Categorical, Categorize, Category, Panegyric 15
25. agr - field, country Agrarian, Agrarianism, Agricultural, Agriculturalist, Agriculture, Agriculturist,
15
Peregrination
26. agreer - to please, agree Disagree, Disagreeable 15
27. al - cause to grow, feed, Aliment, Alimony, Alma Mater, Alumna, Alumnus, Coalesce, Coalescence, Coalescent,
15
nourish Coalition
28. al / ali / alter - other, Alias, Alibi, Alien, Alienate, Allegory, Alter, Altercation, Alter-ego, Alternate, Alternative, 16
another Altruism, Altruist, Altruistic, Unalienable
29. alacer - brisk, cheerful Alacrity 16
30. alb - dull white Alb, Albedo, Albescent, Albinism, Albino, Albumen 16
31. alpin - alps, mountains Alpine, Alpinism, Alpinist 17
32. alt/altus - high Altar, Altiloquent, Altimeter, Altitude, Alto, Exaltation, Exalted, Haughtiness, Haughty 17
33. am / em - love Amateur, Amatory, Amiable, Amicable, Amicus curiae, Amity, Amorous, Amour propre,
17
Enamored, Enemy, Paramour
34. amalgamat - formed Amalgam, Amalgamate
18
into a soft mass
35. amb / ambul - to go, Amble, Ambulance, Ambulant, Ambulatory, Circumambulate, Perambulate,
18
to walk Perambulator, Preamble, Somnambulist
36. ambi/amphi - both, Ambidextrous, Ambience/ambiance, Ambient, Ambiguity, Ambiguous, Ambit, Ambition,
on both sides, Ambitious, Ambivalent, Ambivert, Amphibian, Amphibology, Amphitheatar, 18
surrounding, around Amphivorous, Amphora, Amputate, Circumambient, Disambiguate
37. amp/ampl - large, Ample, Amplification, Amplifier, Amplifies, Amplify, Amplitude
19
abundant
38. ana - again, against, Anabaptist, Anachronism, Anagram, Analogous, Analogue, Analysis, Ananym,
backwards, up, Anaphora, Anaphylaxis, Anathema, Anion, Anode 19
throughout
39. andr/andro - man, male Androgen, Androgynous, Android, Androphobia, Misandry, Monandry, Philander,
20
Philanderer, Polyandry
40. anemos - wind Anemometer, Anemone 20
41. ang/anx - to choke, Anger, Angst, Anguish, Anguished, Anxiety, Anxious
20
distress, vex
42. ang/ank - to bend Anchor, Angle, Ankle 21
43. angle/angul - corner Angular, Quadrangle, Rectangle, Triangular 21
44. anim - breath, life, mind, Animadvert, Animate, Animation, Animism, Animosity, Animus, Equanimity, Inanimate,
21
soul, spirit Magnaimity, Magnanimous, Pusillanimous, Reanimate, Unanimous
45. ann - year Annal, Annalist, Annals, Anniversary, Annual, Annuity, Biannual, Semiannual, Superannuated 21
46. ante - before Ancestor, Ancestry, Ancient, Ante-meridiem, Antemortem, Antebellum, Antecede, Antecedent,
22
Antecessor, Antechamber, Antedate, Antediluvian, Antenatal, Antenuptial, Anterior
47. anth - flower Anther, Anthology 22
48. anthrax - coal Anthracite, Anthrax 22
49. anthrop - human Anthropoid, Anthropomorphic 22
50. anti - against, opposed to Antagonize, Anti-aircraft, Antibiotic, Anticlimax, Antidote, Antifreeze, Antipathy,
23
Antiseptic, Antislavery, Antithesis, Antithetical
51. antic / antiq - old Antic, Antics, Antiquarian, Antiquary, Antiquate, Antiquated, Antique, Antiquity 23
52. apart - to separate Apartheid, Apartment 23
53. apert / overt - Opened Aperture, Overt, Overtly, Overture, Pert 23
54. apex - summit, peak, Apex
24
tip, top, extreme end
55. apo - away from, off, Aphorism, Apobiotic, Apocalypse, Apocenter, Apocope, Apocrine, Apocrypha, Apodictic,
separate Apogee, Apologist, Apoplexy, Apostasy, Apostate, Apostle, Apostrophe, Apotheosis 24
56. apt / ept - skill, fitness, Adapt, Adept, Apt, Aptitude, Inept
24
ability
57. aqua - water Aqua fortis, Aqua pura, Aqua regia, Aquaculture, Aquamarine, Aquanaut, Aquarium,
25
Aquarius, Aquatic, Aqueduct, Aqueous, Aquifer, Island, Terraqueous
58. ar - plow, till, be dry Arable, Arid 25
59. arbitr - judge, mediator Arbitrary, Arbitrate, Arbitrator 25
Understanding your performance :
The meaning of your score Raja Sir us fiNys 17 o"kksZa ds nkSjku Vedic Maths dh thought process
Test score Meaning ij cgqr research fd;k gS rFkk Maths ds i<+us & i<+kus dk fcYdqy ,d u;k
95-100 Superior vankt is'k fd;k gSA Sir, lHkh Questions dks Basic ds lkFk & lkFk NEON
81-94 Excellent Approach ls Hkh solve djokrs gSa rkfd vki exam esa cgqr gh fast speed
71-80 Good
61-70 Above average
ls Maths ds Questions dks solve dj nsaxsA
33-60 Average
0-32 Below Average SSC CGL Mains Maths
;fn vkidk score Average ;k Below Average gS rks fu#Rlkfgr uk gks A (28 Sets) dh Complete
;g Book vkids fy, gh fy[kh xbZ gS bls eSusa fiNys 13 o"kksZa dh esgur ls
rS;kj fd;k gSA Book Free PDF ds fy,
vkidh Vocabulary dks de le; esa superior cukus ds fy, Prefixes, QR Code Scan djs a A
Roots and Suffixes dk ;g dissection method cgqr help djsxkA
bl Book dks viuh Vocabulary dh Bible, Hkxon~xhrk ds :i esa le>sa]
lEeku nsa vkSj consistency ds lkFk hard work djsaA cl dqN gh le; dh Vedic Maths dh bl dks lh[kus ds fy, vki NEON
thought process
ckr gS vkSj vki Hkh Vocabulary ds vtZqu cu tk,axs] tks fdlh Hkh word Classes dk Youtube Channel Hkh vkt gh join dj ysa rFkk
dk lgh meaning crkus dh dkfcfy;r j[ksxkA CGL Mains (2010-2022) ds lHkh 32 sets ds best solution tkuus ds fy,
Vocabulary lh[kus dk vkidk lQj cgqr gh vkuUnnk;d vkSj lqgkouk gks] Sir dh Book Hkh purchase dj ldrs gSaA
;gh dkeuk gSA SSC CGL Mains English
Explanatory Answers
Q.1 Miniature replica of the Taj Mahal
(09 Sets) Complete dh
(a) Prototype (b) duplicate (c) original (d) portrayal Book Free PDF ds fy,
Answer : a üa r
Explanation → bl question esa Pink colour ds Italicized word dh QR Code Scan djsaA
definition (or synonym) dks find djuk gSA
Replica → A copy exact in all details
Synonyms→ Carbon copy, Clone, Counterpart, Duplicate,
Free
Facsimile
Antonyms → Original, Prototype, Genuine article, Archetype
Sample PDF of
bu questions esa options dks bl izdkj
options antonyms gSA 1 option definition (synonym) gS
design fd;k x;k gS fd 2
rFkk 1 option
Jumbled PQRS
Red herring gSA
Antonym → a
Definition (Synonym) → 
Free
Red herring → r Sample PDF of
Red herring dk vFkZ gksrk gS& “/;ku HkVdkus okyh phtA”
Red herring ,d fish gksrh gS ftls dogs dks hunting dh training nsrs le; Cloze Test
mudk /;ku HkVdkus ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk FkkA
Red herring okyk option, lgh answer ls students dk /;ku HkVdkus ds
NEON Classes dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh gekjk mÌs';
fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA T;knkrj students tc xyr answer mark djrs gSa rks oks
jgk gS fd ge Hkkjro"kZ ds djksM+ksa cPpksa ds Hkfo"; dks
option generally red herring gh gksrk gSA vkSj students bl red
mTToy cukus ds fy, gj laHko dksf'k'k djsaA blh
herring okys option esa rFkk lgh answer esa gh confuse gksrs gSa D;ksafd oks nks mÌs'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, gekjs }kjk Complete
options rks easily eliminate dj nsrs gSaA Books dh free pdfs Hkh provide djokbZ xbZ gSA
bl rjg vki ,d gh Question esa 2 Antonyms, 1 Synonym, 1 Red bu free pdfs dks access djus ds fy, vki gekjs
herring lh[k jgs gSaA App (NEON Classes) dks Hkh download dj ldrs
NEON Classes esa geus complete study material rFkk NEON Classes gSaA
dh lHkh Books dks blh izdkj cgqr research ls rS;kj fd;k gSA Neon
classes dh Books rFkk study material fdlh Hkh government job dks ikus
Telegram Channel (NEON Classes) ij Hkh
ds fy, Best resources gSA SSC, Bank rFkk Railway ds ds
previous year
Raja Sir (Income Tax Inspector, AIR – 24, SSC CGL 2011) dh Maths Questions dh NEON Approach ds lkFk
dh Book rFkk study material (SSC CGL, CHSL Pre/Mains dh free solution dh pdf nh xbZ gS] mUgsa Hkh download dj
PDFs) Hkh blh rjg cgqr research ds lkFk rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA Raja Sir dks ysa rFkk viuh rS;kjh dks iwjs tksj & 'kksj ls vkxs
Maths i<+kus dk 17 years dk experience gS rFkk gj level (CAT, GMAT, c<+k;saA vkSj ,d vPNh Govt. Job izkIr djds vius
UPSC CSAT, SSC & Bank, Railways) ij Sir us cgqr gh 'kkunkj ekrk&firk dk uke jks'ku djsa] vkids mTtoy
concepts ds lkFk i<+k;k gSA Hkfo"; dh 'kqHkdkeuk,sa!

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XVII
Key To Book Entries
 A / an (Greek) - Without, not Avatar (Sanskrit - avatarana  ava-
away, off, down + tarana → tarati → he
1. Abysmal - (A - without + byss - bottom + al) adj crosses over; tere - crossover, pass
• Extremely or hopelessly bad - cgqr cqjk through, overcome) n

ª Syn : Terrible, Gloomy (SSC TA 2008) 

Descent (of a deity to the earth in
ò Ant : Superb incarnation form)
2. Abyss - (A - without + byss - bottom) n  an incarnation or human
• Hole that seems to have no bottom - fory appearance of a deity, particularly
Vishnu.
3. Acarpous- (A - without + carp - fruit + ous) adj
• Not producing fruit; Sterile - vuqitkÅ

(In Philosophy) concrete
embodiment of something
ª Syn : Barren, Fruitless, Infertile
abstract.
ò Ant : Fruitful, Productive
4. Acentric- (A - without + centr - center+ic) adj

(In Video games) the image that a person chooses as his or her
embodiment in an electronic medium.
• Without a centre - vdsfUnz;
vorkj 'kCn dk origin laLd`r ds word ßvorj.kÞ ls gqvk gSA fgUnq /keZ ds
5. Acephalous- (A - without + cephal - head + ous) adj vuqlkj Hkxoku fo".kq dk /kjrh ij euq"; :i /kkj.k djuk vorkj dgykrk
• Having no differentiable head, Having no leader or ruler -
gSA
usr`Ro fofgu
esjh Hkxoku ls ;gh izkFkZuk gS fd tks Hkh bl Book dks eu yxkdj
6. Achromatic - (A - without + chrom - colour + ic) adj
consistency ds lkFk i<+s] mls ;s lHkh words ;kn gks tk;sA bu words dks
• Without color- fcuk jax dk
prefixes - Roots - Suffixes ds vuqlkj dissection technique }kjk
ª Syn : Colourless
le>kuk rFkk Association }kjk ;kn djokus ds fy, eSus cgqr&cgqr esgur
7. Acyclic- (A - not + cycl - circle + ic) adj
ls ;s Book fy[kh gSA fiNys 13 o"kksZa dh esjh lrr esgur dk result gSa ;s
• Not cyclic - vpfØ;
vf}rh; Book.
8. Adamant- (A- not + daman- to tame) adj, n
Hkxoku lHkh cPpksa dsk bruh fgEer rFkk ,dkxzrk nas fd os tYn ls tYn bls
• Refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind. vVy
iwjk dj ldsa vkSj viuh eupkgh job ik ldsA
• Very hard native crystal of carbon. dBksj inkFkZ (SSC CPO
2011, FCI 2012, SSC CHSL 2013) ॐ losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ lUrq fujke;k%A
ª Syn : Determined, Firm, Fixed, Immovable, Insistent, losZ Hknzkf.k Ik';Urq ek df'pn~ nq%[kHkkXHkosrA
Rigid, Inflexible, Resolute, Stern (RRB 2002), Stubborn (SSC
ॐ 'kkafr% 'kkafr% 'kkafr% AA
GD 2022)
ò Ant : Gullible, Pliable, Weak, Yielding (SSC GD 2011), gs iz H kq lalkj ds lHkh izk.kh lq[kh jgs]
Submissive (NIFT 1999, SSC CISF 2011, SSC FCI 2012), Flexible (SSC lHkh izk.kh jksx vkfn d"Vks ls eqDr jgs]
CGL PRE 2017) lalkj ds lHkh izkf.k;ksa dk thou eaxye; gks
9. Agnosia- (A - without + gnos - knowledge + ia) n vkSj lalkj dk dksbZ Hkh izk.kh nq%[kh uk jgsA
• Inability to recognize things and people. oLrqvksa o O;fDr;ksa ॐ 'kkfUr% 'kkfUr % 'kkfUr %
dks igpkuus esa vleFkZrk
13. Alexia - (A - not + lex - reading + ia) n
10. Agnostic - (A - without + gnos - knowledge + ic) n
• Loss of the ability to read. 'kCnkU/krk
• One who believes that nothing can be said about God
vuh'ojoknh 14. Ambrosia- (A-not + brotos - mortal or death + ia) n
• A person who believes that it is not possible to know • Food of God that made them immortal - ve`r
whether God exists or not. (SSC STENO 1991, SSC ASST 1994, Origin :
TRAVEL & TOURISM 1999, SSC (A & A) 2009), (SSC MTS 2021)
Ambrosia : Ambrosia laLd`r word
• A belief that nothing can be known about God. (SSC TA2009)
ª Syn : Unbeliever
ve` r ls closely related gS Ambr eryc
vej vFkkZr~ ve`r iku djus ls nsork vej
Vocabulary Point :
gks x,A Ambrosia ,d nymph (vIljk) Fkh
Agnostic /Atheist
tks nsorkvksa dks [kkuk ijkslrh Fkh vkSj ;gh ls
(i) Agnostic : vKkuh , tks person ;s cksyrk gS fd eq>s knowledge
ambrosia dk vFkZ nsorkvksa dk [kkuk (food
gh ugha gS fd Hkxoku gS ;k ugha gS mlds fy, Agnostic word use
of God) gSA
fd;k tkrk gSA
15. Amnesia- (A - without + mne - mind + ia) n
(ii) Atheist : ,slk person tks ;s cksyrk gS fd Hkxoku gS gh ugha mlds
fy, Atheist word use fd;k tkrk gSA • Loss of memory ;knnk'r [kks tkuk
11. Agonic - (A - not + gon - angle + ic) adj 16. Amnesty - (A - without + mne - mind + ty) n
• Pardon especially of political offenses; An official
• Not having or forming an angle - dks.k jfgr pardon for people who have been convicted of political
12. Agraphia - (A - not + graph - writing + ia) n offences. vijk/k&{kek (IB ACIO - II EXEC 2021)
• Loss of the ability to write ys[ku v{kerk Syn : Forgiveness, Reprieve, Condonation
ª

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 1

3898. Inapt/Inept- (In - not + apt - fit) adj
• Not suitable, Unfit, Awkward. vuqi;qDr
 Syn : Incompetent, Awkward, Clumsy
 Ant : Talent (SSC MTS 2016)
3899. Inarticulate- (In- not + articulare- to separate into joints) adj
• Unable to express one's ideas or feelings clearly or easily.
vLi"V (SSC CGL PRE 2021), (SSC CHSL 2021)
 Syn : Hesitant, Incoherent (SSC CGL PRE 2018)
 Ant : Articulate, Communicative
3900. Incapacitate - (In- not + capacit - to take + ate)v
• Prevent from functioning in a normal way. vleFkZ djuk
 Syn : Damage, Disable, Cripple (SSC TA 2008)
 Ant : Enable, Facilitate (SSC CGL PRE 2017)
3901. Incessant- (In - not + cess - to cease, go slow + ant) adj
• Continuing without interruption. fujUrj
 Syn : Continual, Continuous (RRB MAHENDRAGHAT 2003, SSC
IT/CETASSISTANT 2007), Steadily (SSC CHSL 2017), Persistent (SSC
CPO PRE 2019)
 Ant : Inconstant, Infrequent, Intermittent (SSC CHSL 2012)
3902. Incivism (In- not+ civic- city+ ism)n
• Lack of civic-mindedness or of patriotism (SSC CGL MAINS
2017)
 Syn : Concise, Penetrating, Piercing, Acute
3903. Inclement - (In - not + clement - mild, placid)adj
• Severe in temper or action; not kind or merciful. funZ;h
 Syn : Brutal, Harsh, Merciless, Lenient, Unfavourable (SSC
CGL PRE 2011), Stormy (SSC CGL 2019)
 Ant : Kind, Merciful, Mild (SSC CGL PRE 2016)
3904. Incognizant - (In - without + cogn - knowledge +ant) adj
• Without knowledge or awareness. vufHkK
 Syn : Unaware
 Ant : Cognizant
3905. Incoherent - (In - not + co - together + here - to adhere, stick +
ent) adj
• Unable to express yourself clearly or fluently.
 Syn : Confused, Disordered, Inconsistent, Haphazard,
Jumbled, Rambling, Illogical (CBI CLERK 2011)
 Ant : Intelligible (SSC CPO PRE 2013), (SSC CHSL 2019),
Rational (SSC CGL PRE 2022)
3906. Incommensurate - (In - not + com - together + mensus -
measured + ate) adj
• Not proportionate, Inadequate.
 Syn : Disproportionate
3907. Incommodious - (In-not+commodes-convenient+ous) adj
• Inconvenient, Uncomfortable. vlqfo/kktud
3908. Incompetent - (In - not + compete - adequate + ent) adj
• Not able to meet requirements in skill, knowledge, etc.
vleFkZ
Spelling (SSC GD 2022)
 Syn : Amateurish, Helpless, Incapable, Inexperienced,
Unskilled, Inefficient (SSC GD 2022)
3909. Incomprehensible - (In - not + com - together + prehen-grasp
+ ible) adj
• Impossible or extremely difficult to understand. ftls ugh
le÷kk tk lds (SSC STENO 1991), SSC CGL PRE 2015, 2018, SSC CPO
2018) (SSC CHSL 2018)
 Syn : Inscrutable, Baffling
 Ant : Comprehensible
168
3910. Inconclusive - (In - not + conclus - to shut up) adj
• Not leading to clear, convincing, or definite result.
3911. Incongruous - (In - not + congru - come together + ous) adj
• Strange, and not suitable in a particular situation.
vuqi;qDr
• That which is out of place. (STATISTICAL INVESTIGATOR 2008)
 Syn : Bizarre, Improper, Inconsistent (CDS 2004),
Inappropriate (CDS -I 2023)
 Ant : Apt, Reasonable, Harmonious (SSC SI 2005),
Appropriate (SSC CHSL PRE 2022)
3912. Inconspicuous- (In-not+con-together+spic-to see+ous) adj
• Not easily noticed, attracting little or no attention. rqPN
• Not very easy to see or notice (CDS 2011)
 Syn : Unnoticeable, Hidden, Unobtrusive
 Ant : Obtrusive
3913. Inconstant - (In- not + con - together + stant - to stand) adj
• Frequently changing. vfLFkj
 Syn : Variable, Changeable, Fluctuating
 Ant : Constant
3914. Incorporeal - (In - without + corpor - body+eal) adj
• Without material form or substance, lacking physical
existence. v'kkjhfjd
3915. Incorrigible- (In - not + corrigere - to correct + ible) adj
• Having bad habits that cannot be changed or improved;
• Incapable of being corrected. vla'kks/kuh; (SSC JR. HINDI
TR. 2006), (SSC SI 2008), (CPO MAINS 2010), (SSC LDC 2011), (SSC
CGL 2012), (SSC CGL PRE 2013) (UDC 2013), (SSC CGL PRE 2017),
(IB 2017), (SSC CGL PRE 2018), (SSC CPO MAINS 2020), (SSC CPO PRE
2022)
• One who cannot be reformed or changed (SSC SI 2005), (SSC
CHSL 2014), (SSC CHSL 2020)
 Ant : Reformable (SSC CHSL 2017)
3916. Incorrupt- (In - not + cor - togehter + rupt - to break) adj
• Not corrupt, Error free. bZekunkj
 Syn : Honest, Virtuous
 Ant : Dishonest, Corrupt
3917. Incredible - (In - not + cred - to believe + ible) adj
• Impossible or very difficult to believe. vfo'oluh;
3918. Indecent - (In- not + decent - being fitting)adj
• Grossly improper or offensive. vHknz
3919. Indecorous- (In - not + decorus-becoming, fitting) adj
• Not proper; Behaving badly or rudely. vuqfpr
 Syn : Improper, Coarse, Uncouth, Ill mannered, Rude,
Crude
 Ant : Polite, Proper, Refined
3920. Indelible- (In- not + del - efface, delete) adj
• That cannot be erased or removed or effaced. tks feV uk
lds (BUP POSTAL DEPT. 2015), (SSC CGL PRE 2015)
 Syn : Permanent, Lasting, Ineradicable, Inerasable (SSC
CGL PRE 2018)
 Ant : Erasable, Temporary, Passing, Momentary,
Impermanent
3921. Indemnify - (In - not + demn - harm + ify - to make) v
• To compensate for loss, damage, or hardship. {kfriwfrZ
djuk

Pel/Pell/Puls - to drive
6055. Appeal - (Ap - to + pel- to drive) v
• Make a serious, urgent, or heartfelt request. fuosnu djuk
 Syn : Plea (SSC GD 2018), Urge (SSC CGL PRE 2021)
6056. Appellant- (Ap - to + pell - to drive+ant) n
• A person who appeals against a decision made in court.
vihydrkZ
 Syn : Aspirant, Applicant
6057. Compel- (Com - with + pel - to drive) v
• To drive or urge with force. ncko Mkyuk] etcwj djuk
Spelling (SSC CGL PRE 2022)
 Syn : Constrain
 Ant : Dissuade (SSC CHSL 2020)
6058. Compelled- (Com - with, together + pell - to drive+ed) adj
• Having to do something, because you are forced to or
feel it is necessary. etcwj
 Syn : Coerced, Involuntary, Forced (IBPS BANK PO/MT
CWE MAINS 2015), (SBI CLERK 2016)
 Ant : Freewill, Self-Imposed, Uncoerced
6059. Compulsion- (Com - together + puls - to drive + ion) n
• Strong Pressure that makes somebody do something
that they do not want to do. etcwjh
 Syn : Coercion, Obligation (SSC GD 2022)
 Ant : Choice (DMRC 2014)
6060. Compulsive (Com - together + puls - to drive + ive) adj
• Having a very strong desire to do something repeatedly;
Having an obsessive urge to do something. ck/;dkjh
 Syn : Conscript (SBI CLERK 2007)
6061. Compulsory (Com - with, together + puls - to drive + ory) adj
• Something, required by rule or law. vfuok;Z
 Syn : Mandatory, Obligatory (ESIC LDC 2013, SCRA 2013)
 Ant : Choice (SSC CISF 2011, DELHI METRO 2008, DMRC 2014),
Optional (SSC MTS 2016), (SSC GD 2018)
6062. Dispel- (Dis - away + pel - to drive) v
• To drive away. nwj gks tkuk
 Syn : Eliminate, Dissipate, Dismiss, Banish
 Ant : Accept, Collect, Gather, Integrate (SSC GD 2022)
6063. Expel- (Ex - out + pel - to drive) v
• To drive out. ckgj djuk
 Syn : Dislodge
 Ant : Absorb (SSC CPO 2020)
6064. Impel- (Im - in + pel - to drive) v
• Drive forward by strong moral force. izsfjr djuk
 Syn : Prompt
 Ant : Repress (SSC GD 2021)
6065. Propel- (Pro - forward + pel - to drive) v
• To move, drive or push something forward in a particular
direction. vkxs c<+kuk
 Syn : Throw, Drive (SBI (ASSO) PO 2011)
6066. Propellant- (Pro - forward + pell - to drive + ant) n
• A thing or substance that propels something.
6067. Propeller- (Pro - forward + pell - to drive + er) n
• A device with two or more blades that turn quickly and
cause a ship or an aircraft to drive forward. tgkt dk
258
lapkyd
6068. Repel- (Re - back + pel - to drive) v
• To drive back or away. izfrjks/k djuk
• Refuse to accept (SCRA 2009, SSC CHSL 2016)
 Syn : Repulse, Push away
 Ant : Attract (SSC SI 2006), (FCI 2012), (SSC MTS 2016), (SSC GD 2018)
6069. Repulse - (Re- back + pulse - to drive) v
• Drive back (an attack or attacker) by force. gVk nsuk
• To push away something or someone unwanted
(CHHATTISGARH PRE B.ED 2010, PA & SA 2014)
6070. Repulsed (Re - back + puls - to drive+ed) v
• Driven or beaten back. [knsM+uk
 Syn : Disgust, Nauseate, Repel, Revolt, Repelled (CDS-I
2018), Riot (SSC MTS 2016)
 Ant : Aid, Allow, Approve
6071. Repulsion- (Re - back + puls- to drive + ion) n
• A feeling of very strong dislike of something that you
find extremely unpleasant. fod"kZ.k
 Syn : Loathing, Abhorrence, Abomination
 Ant : Liking, Affection, Attraction (SSC CHSL 2020)
Pen - almost
6072. Penannular- (Pen - almost + anular - ring) adj
• Having the form of a ring with a small break in the
circumference.
6073. Peneplain/ Peneplane- (Pen - almost + plain) n
• An area reduced almost to a plain by erosion.
6074. Peninsula (Pen - almost + insula - island) n
• A portion of land nearly surrounded
by water and connected with a
larger body by an isthmus.
• Land covered by water on three
sides. izk;}hi (BANK PO 1990, STENO 1991,
SSC CGL PRE 2016)
6075. Penultimate (Pen - almost + ultim - final + ate) adj
• Second from the last. vk[kjh ls igys
Pencher - to incline, lean
6076. Penchant - (Pench - to incline + ant) n
• A strong and continued inclination; A special fondness
or liking for. >qdko] fo'ks"k:fp (SSC CGL PRE 2014)
• Strong taste or liking for something. (SSC CHSL 2021)
 Syn : Affinity, Bias, Tendency, Proclivity, Propensity,
Fondness (SSC CHSL 2017), Liking (AFCAT-II 2015), (SSC CPO PRE
2022)
 Ant : Antipathy, Disinclination, Hatred (SSC CHSL 2021),
Dislike (CDS 2001), (NDA-I 2022)
Pend / Pens - to hang, to weigh, to pay
6077. Append (Ap - to, near + pend - to hang) v
• Add (something) to the end of a written document. tksM+uk
 Ant : Subtract, Unfasten
6078. Appendage - (Ap - to, near + pend - to hang + age) n
• A thing that is added or attached to something larger or
more important. tksM+h gqbZ oLrq
 Syn : Adjunct, Attachment
7561. Sapient (Sapient - being wise) adj
• Having or showing great wisdom or sound judgment.
Sat/Satis - Enough, sufficient
vDyean 7572. Insatiable (In - not + satis - enough + able) adj
7562. Savant (Sap - be wise + ant) n • (of an appetite or desire) Impossible to satisfy. vr`I; (SSC
CGL PRE 2018)
• A person of profound or extensive learning. fo}ku
• That which cannot be satisfied. (SSC IB PA 2014), (SSC CGL PRE
 Syn : Scholar, Academic 2019)
 Ant : Amateur (SSC CGL PRE 2017)  Syn : Quenchless, Rapacious
7563. Savor/ Savour (Sap - to taste, breath in) v  Ant : Satisfied, Satiable, Content sink (SSC MTS 2016)
• Taste (good food or drink) and enjoy it to the fullest. 7573. Sad- (Satis - enough) adj
7564. Savory (Sap- to taste + y) adj • Affected with or expressive of grief or unhappiness. nq[kh
• Pleasant or agreeable in taste or smell. Lokfn"B  Syn : Dismal, Heartbroken
 Syn : Appetizing, Aromatic, Sweet (SSC STENO GRADE C &D  Ant : Cheerful (CDS-II 2014)
2022)
7574. Satiety (Satis - to satisfy + ety) n
7565. Savvy (Sape - be wise, to understand) n • The state of being completely satisfied. r`fIr
• Shrewdness and practical knowledge. lgt&cqf)
7575. Satisfaction - (Satis-enough+fac-to make, do, perform+tion)n
 Syn : Intelligence, Knowledge
• Fulfillment of a need or want. larqf"V
7566. Unsavory (Un - not + savore - tasty, flavorsome + ory) adj  Syn : Gratification, Contentment (SSC CGL PRE 2022)
• Tasteless or insipid; Not considered morally acceptable.  Ant : Dissatisfaction, Displeasure
vLokn
7576. Satisfactory - (Satis - enough + fac - to make, do + ory) adj
 Syn : Distasteful, Nasty
• Fulfilling expectations or needs. larks"ktud
 Ant : Appetizing
7577. Satisfiable - (Satis - enough + fac - to make, do + able) adj
Sarco - Flesh • Capable of being satisfied.
7567. Sarcasm - (Sarcos - flesh) n 7578. Satisfy (Satis - enough + fy (fic) - to make, do, perform) v
• The use of irony to mock or convey contempt. O;aX; • To meet the needs or desires of someone. r`Ir djuk
(SSC CGL PRE 2017)  Syn : Content, Satiate (SSC CHSL 2021), (SSC MTS 2021)
Spelling (SSC CGL PRE 2019)  Ant : Agitate, Annoy
 Syn : Irony, Banter 7579. Saturate (Satur - full, satisfy + urate) v
 Ant : Praise, Respect, Flattery (SSC SELECTION POSTS PHASE
• To become totally soaked or filled. rj djuk] ifjiw.kZ djuk
VIII 06.11.20200)
 Syn : Douse, Soak, Drench (UCO BANK CLERK 2010)
7568. Sarcoid - (Sarco - flesh + oid - resemble) adj
 Ant : Dehydrate, Dry
• Resembling flesh; Fleshy.
7569. Sarcoma - (Sarco - flesh + ma) n Satura - Poetic medley
• A type of cancer that begins in bone or in the soft tissues of 7580. Satire (Satura - poetic medley) n
the body.
• A way of making fun of people by using silly or
7570. Sarcophagous (Sarco - flesh + phag - to eat + ous) n exaggerated language. dVqigkl
• Feeding on flesh. • Full of criticism and mockery (SSC STENO 2011), (SSC LDC
 Syn : Carnivorous 2011), (SSC MTS 2016, 2019)
Origin:
Sardonios - of bitter or scornful Satire : Satire 'kCn Latin 'kCn “Satura” ls vk;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS
mixture ;k medley. Ancient Rome esa] “Satura” ,d izdkj ds
(laughter) literary work dks refer djrk gS tks prose vkSj poetry dk mixture
7571. Sardonic (Sardonios - of bitter or scornful laughter) adj Fkk vkSj blesa vDlj social criticism ;k commentary ¼fVIi.kh½
• Showing that you think that you are better than other 'kkfey gksrh FkhA In present] “Satura” fo'ks"k :i ls mu dk;ksZa dks refer
people. djus ds fy, vk;k tks humor, irony vkSj exaggeration dk use djrs
 Syn : Cynical, Jaundiced, Sarcastic, Sneering, Caustic, Fks vkSj social [kkfe;ksa vkSj dqjhfr;ksa dh vkykspuk (criticize) djrs FksA
Mordant, Satirical, Mocking (NDS & NA-I 2021), (CDS-I 2023)
Origin: Saur / Sauros - Lizard
Sardonic dk origin Greek word sardonios ls gqvk gSA Sardonic 7581. Brontosaurus (Bronto - to growl, thunder + saur- lizard) n
dk use bitter ;k scornful laughter dks describe djus ds fy, fd;k • A very large herbivorous quadrupedal dinosaur with a
tkrk gSA Sardinia ds yksxksa esa] ftUgsa Sardi ;k Sardoni dgk tkrk Fkk] long neck and tail.
cw<+s yksxksa dks ekjus dk custom FkkA vius cw<+ksa dks ekjrs gq, Sardi 7582. Dinosaur (Dino / deinos - terrible + sauros - lizard) n
people tksj ls galrs FkssA Sardi people dk ekuuk Fkk fd laughter
• A fossil reptile of the Mesozoic era,
death ls life rd ds passage esa lkFk nsrh gS( ;g ubZ life dks create
in many species reaching an
djrh gSA In present, sardonic dk use ,sls person dks refer djus ds enormous size.
fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks ;g fn[kkuk pkgrs gSa fd og vU; yksxksa ls csgrj gSa
Spelling (SSC CPO PRE 2022)
vkSj mUgsa xaHkhjrk ls ugh ysrsA

322
10199. Weird (Wyrd - fate, chance, fortune) adj 10210. Wooing (Wogian-to woe, court, marry) v
• Of strange or extraordinary character. vthc • To try to persuade someone to support you.
• Spelling (SSC MTS 2019), (SSC CGL PRE 2021)  Syn : Pursue
 Syn : Spell (KOLKATA ASM 2006), Bizarre (SPELLING SSC CPO  Ant : Discouraging (CDS-I 2020)
2018), Strange (SSC MTS 2019) 10211. Wrangle (Wer- to turn,bend) v
 Ant : Usual (SSC MTS 2016), Normal (SSC CHSL 2020) • To dispute angrily (SSC CHSL 2021)
10200.Whine (Hwinan- to whiz) v  Syn : Altercation, Brawl, Squabble, Disagreement, Ruckus

• To snivel or complain in a peevish, self-pitying way. /khes 10212. Wrench (Wrencan-to twist) v

Loj ls jksuk • To pull something violently.

 Syn : Moan, Gripe (SSC CGL PRE 2017)  Syn : Grab , Snatch, Wrest (SSC CPO 2020)
 Ant : Pleasure, Happiness 10213. Wry (Wrich / Rhoikos - turned, twisted, crooked) adj

10201. Wigwam (Wikiwam- a dwelling) n

• Showing that you are both amused and disappointed or
annoyed.
• An American Indian dwelling,
 Syn : Crooked (SSC CHSL 2020)
usually of rounded or oval shape,
formed of poles overlaid with bark, Origin :
mats, or skins. dqfV;k Wry : Wry 'kCn old English 'kCn 'wrigian' ls vk;k gS ftldk
 Syn : Hut vFkZ gS to turn ;k twist. ;gh ls wry 'kCn dk iz;ksx vDlj fdlh
10202.Wind (Wind - air in motion) n
,slh pht dks describe djus ds fy, fd;k tkus yxk tks ewM+h gqbZ ;k
• Air in motion, paring down
VsM+h gS] vkSj bldk mi;ksx fdlh O;fDr ds facial expression ;k
humor dks describe djus ds fy, Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS tks 'kq"d
 Syn : Breeze, Zephyr
:i ls eqM+k gqvk gSA
10203.Winnow (Wind - air in motion) v
10214. Yearning (Begehren - to desire) n
• To separate husk from the grain
• A strong feeling of wishing for something.
10204.Wiry (Wei- to turn,twist) n
 Syn : Longing, Hankering (NDA & NA-I & II 2020)
• Lean, tough, and sinewy. (SSC CHSL 2021)
10215. Yen (n)
 Syn : Agile, Athletic, Muscular, Supple
• A strong longing or desire; urgent fancy
10205.Wistful (Wistly - intently) adj ª Syn: Craving, Hunger, Desire, Urge, Passion
• Thinking shortly about something that you would like to ò Ant: Disgust, Dislike, Distaste, Indifference
have.
10216. Yurt (Yurta- home) n
 Syn : Regretful, Nostalgic, Melancholy, Sorrowful (SSC
• A type of traditional round tent used
CHSL 2020)
in Mongolia and Siberia.
 Ant : Cheerful, Joyful
10217. Zany (adj)
Origin :
• Strange or unusual in a humorous way
Wistful : Wistful 'kCn English 'kCn wistfulle ls vk;k gS] ftldk ª Syn: Clownish, Foolish, Idiotic, Crazy, Campy
vFkZ gS 'intending ;k desiring'. le; ds lkFk] 'kCn dk vFkZ ykylk ò Ant: Serious
dh Hkkouk ds lkFk&lkFk mnklh dh Hkkouk dks refer djus ds fy, 10218. Zenith (n)
use gksus yxkA vkt] 'kCn wistful dk mi;ksx vDlj fdlh ,slh pht
• The highest point (SSC MTS 2019)
ds fy, ykylk dh Hkkouk ls tqM+k gksrk gS tks [kks tkrh gS ;k vizkI;  Syn : Apex , Destination, Destiny, Top, Summit, Apogee,
(unattainable) gks tkrh gSA Culmination, Climax, Pinnacle, Crest, Peak (SSC CGL MAINS
10206.Wizened (Wisnon- to wither, dry up)v 2022), (SSC GD 2022)
 Ant : Nadir, Bottom
• Shriveled and wrinkled with age (SSC CHSL 2021)
 Syn : Diminished, Shrunk, Reduced, Wrinkled Vocabulary Points :
10207.Wobble (Vafla - water)v
nksuks 'kCn astronomy
Nadir / Zenith :

• To move or cause to move unsteadily from side to side.

vkS j navigation esa celestial sphere
[vkdk'kh; {ks=] ;k sky esa specific point
• To show indecision or unsteadiness; waver; vacillate
ª Syn: Careen, Falter, Oscillate, Totter, Quiver
dks describe djrs gS ysfdu buesa
difference ;g gS fd&
ò Ant: Remain, Stay, Steady, Stabilize
(i) Nadir : Nadir observer ;k object ds uhps dk point gS vertically
10208.Wonderful (Wundor- miracle, marvelous thing) adj
downward, ;kfu fd ;g vkleku esa lcls lowest point gSA
• Of a sort that causes or arouses wonder; amazing;
(ii) Zenith: Zenith observer ;k object ds Åij dk point gS
astonishing. vk'p;Ztud
vertically upward, ;kfu fd ;g vkleku esa lcls highest point
 Syn : Marvellous, Magnificent, Extraordinary
gSA
 Ant : Awful , Dreadful , Inferior
10209.Wonderment (Wundor- miracle, marvelous thing) n
• A state of awed admiration and respect (SSC CHSL 2021)
 Syn : Astonishment, Amazement, Awe

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 437
 1. Archy, Cracy - Forms of Plutarchy : the wealthy; plutocracy 2. Cide - Killing and Killers
Polyarchy : many people All of these words end in - Cide, from Latin, to
Government kill. Some of them refer exclusively to the act
Thearchy : god or gods; body of divine
Each of the following words indicate a form of of killing a specific thing (eg. germicide) while
rulers
government or type of leadership by a certain others can refer to the act itself or to the person
kind of person or organisation. Triarchy : three people performing the act (eg - genocide). Cide is a
The suffix archy means - rulership and cracy Whiggarchy : Whigs combining form and is a noun suffix.
means - power, government both words come Examples :
from Greek roots. Archy and cracy both are Acracy : none; anarchy
• Matricide - (matri - mother + cide - to kill)
noun suffixes, that means all the words that Albocracy : white people The killing of one's own mother.
end in - archy or - cracy are nouns.
Androcracy : men • Ovicide - (ovi - egg + cide - to kill) an
Examples :
Argentocracy : money insecticide that is especially effective at
• Monarchy (mon - one + archy - rule) one
killing the egg stage of an insect.
ruler. Aristocracy : the nobility
(SSC CGL MAINS 2019) • Parricide (parri - relative + cide - to kill) the
• Oligarchy (olig - few + archy - rule) a few
killing of one's parent or close relative.
rulers. Arithmocracy : simple majority
Word : killing of
• Demo cracy (Demo - people + cracy Autocracy : one individual
Aborticide : a fetus; abortion
government) Government run by the (SSC CGL PRE 2022)
people. Acaricide : mites and ticks
Bureaucracy : civil servants (SSC CPO 2017)
• Gerontocracy (geronto - old age + cracy Algicide : algae
Chirocracy : physical force
government) elders. Amicicide : a friend
Chrysoaristocracy
• Gynecocracy (Gyneco - woman + cracy Avicide : birds (SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
: the wealthy; plutocracy
government) woman or a woman.
Chrysocracy : the wealthy; plutocracy Bacillicide : bacteria
Word : government by
Corpocracy : corporate bureaucrats Bactericide : bacteria
Anarchy : none (SSC CHSL 2021)
Democracy : the people (SSC MTS 2020) Biocide : living material
Antarchy : opposition to government;
anarchy Bovicide : cattle
Doulocracy : slaves
Aristarchy : the best Ceticide : whales and other cetaceans
Ergatocracy : the workers
Autarchy : an absolute ruler Deicide : a god
Ethnocracy : an ethnic group or race
Biarchy : two people; diarchy Ecocide : destruction of the
Gerontocracy : the aged (SSC CGL MAINS 2019)
Binarchy : two people; diarchy environment
Gynaecocracy : women; gynarchy
Famicide : destroys another's
Chiliarchy : one thousand people
Gynocracy : women; gynarchy reputation, slanderer
Cosmarchy : a devil over the entire world
Hagiocracy : holy men Felicide : a cat
Cryptarchy : secret rulership
Hierocracy : priests or religious ministers Femicide : a woman
Decadarchy : ten individual
Idiocracy : personal rule; self-rule Feticide : a fetus
Decarchy : ten individuals
Infantocracy : an infant Filicide : one's own child
Demarchy : the people (SSC CGL PRE 2017)
Isocracy : equal political power
Diarchy : two people Floricide : flowers
Kakistocracy : the worst
Dinarchy : two people; diarchy Foeticide : fetus
Duarchy : two people; diarchy Kleptocracy : thieves
Formicide : ants
Ecclesiarchy : clerics or ecclesiastical Logocracy : government of words
Fratricide : one's brother (SSC MTS 2019)
authorities Meritocracy : the meritorious
Fungicide : fungus
Gynarchy : women (SSC CGL MAINS 2010)
Genocide : a race or ethnic group
Hagiarchy : saints or holy persons Mesocracy : the middle classes
(CRPF HCM 2023)
Hecatarch : one hundred people; Nomocracy : government based on legal Germicide : substance that kills germs
hecatontarchy system; rule of law
Gynaecide : women
Hecatontarchy : one hundred people Paedocracy : children; paedarchy
Herbicide : plants
Heterarchy : a foreign ruler Plutocracy : the wealthy (SSC MTS 2021)
Homicide : a human being (SSC CPO PRE 2022)
Hierarchy : a ranked body; priests Polycracy : many rulers; polyarchy
Infanticide : an infant (SSC CGL PRE 2022)
(SSC ASST. GRADE-1996)
Psephocracy : resulting from election by
Insecticide : insects
Matriarchy : women or mothers ballot
Larvicide : larvae
Monarchy : one individual(SSC CHSL 2019) Theatrocracy : gathered assemblies of citizens
Liberticide : liberty
Oligarchy : the few (SSC CPO 2020) Theocracy : priests or by religious law
Lupicide : a wolf
Paedarchy : children (SSC CPO PRE 2018)
Mariticide : one's husband
Panarchy : universal rule or dominion Tritheocracy : three gods
Matricide : one's mother(SSC CGL PRE 2022)
Pantarchy : all the people Xenocracy : foreigners
Menticide : reduction of mind by
Patriarchy : men or fathers
psychological pressure

438
 Spellings : Concepts, Tips, Tricks & Techniques
v Root words, correct spelling fy[kus esa Hkh cgqr helpful gSaA gS vr% bl case esa 'Pter' dk ‘P' silent dj fn;k x;k] rkfd bldk
For example : mPpkj.k vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldsA
v Corrupt (cor - with + rupt - to break) - with broken morals, But helicopter ( gsfydksIVj) esa (helico + pter) pter word ds e/;
willing to act dishonestly. esa vk jgk gS rFkk vklkuh ls pronounce Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS
The first root cor, ends with 'r' and the second root begins vr% helicopter esa P dks pronounce fd;k tkrk gS] silent ugha
with 'r', so the word corrupt must be spelled with two r's. fd;k x;k gSA
Corrupt dk igyk root 'cor' dk vafre v{kj r gS rFkk rupt dk fdlh Hkh letter ds silent gksus dks root word ds argument ls
igyk v{kj Hkh r gS] vr% corrupt dh spelling esa nks r vk;saxsA vklkuh ls le>k tk ldrk gSA blh izdkj
v Irrupt (Ir - into + rupt - to break) - to enter forcefully and v
Tsunami (tsu - harbour + nami - wave) - Large wave in the
suddenly; break into.
sea; tidal wave
Again the first root Ir, ends with 'r' and the second root
tsunami (lqukeh) esa
Hkh t silent gSA
begins with 'r', so the word Irrupt must be spelled with two
r's. v
Pneumonia (Pneumon - Lung + ia - noun) - Serious illness
affecting lungs.
v
Correct (Cor - together + rect - straight) - Accurate or true,
without any mistakes. Pneumonia ( U;wuksfe;k) esa Hkh 'P' silent gSA
Again the first root Cor, ends with 'r' and the second root Some Concepts :
begins with 'r', so the word Correct must be spelled with two
r's. Prefix
vki flxjsV dh spelling fy[ksaA flxjsV word vkius irk ugha Prefix + root word
fdruh ckj lquk gksxk] ns[kk gksxkA gj xyh] uqDdM+ ij flxjsV dh • Concept: 1 When there is a prefix, we do not normally add
nqdku ij flxjsV ¼English spelling½ fy[kh fey tk;sxhA vki or take away more letters. (tc ge fdlh root word esa
vius nksLrksa ls Hkh flxjsV dh spelling fy[kok;saA vki ns[ksaxsa fd prefix add djrs gSa tks normally letters dks tksM+k ;k gVk;k ugha
90% ls vf/kd yksx flxjsV dh lgh spelling ugha fy[k ik;saxsA tkrk gSA½
bruk common word gksus ds ckotwn yksx flxjsV dh spelling Eg.
dks xyr fy[krs gSaA mis + spell = misspell dis + like = dislike
;fn vkidks Root words dk knowledge gS rks vki dHkh Hkh re + pay = repay un + do = undo
xyr spelling ugha fy[ksaxsA dis + obey = disobey dis + satisfied = dissatisfied
vc vki vius nksLr ls flxkj dh spelling fy[kok;s oks flxkj dh over + hear = overhear in + humane = inhumane
Disadvantage, Disappear, Disappoint, Dishonest, Insane,
lgh spelling fy[k nsxkA
International, Misadventure, Misanthrope, Misbehave, Misrule,
Root words ls]
Superhuman, Underpass, Unnatural, Unsure
v Cigarette (Cigar - flxkj + ette - small ) - small cigar.
Prefix All-loses an l
Suffix ette ds nks meaning gksrs gS : Small and female.
• Concept: 2 The prefix "all-" drops its second L when added
v Cassette - a small flat plastic case for playing music to the root word. (tc 'all' prefix fdlh root word esa add fd;k
v Kitchenette - small kitchen tkrk gS tks bldk second 'l' drop dj fn;k tkrk gSA)
v Novelette - small novel all + though = although all + ready = already
v Pipette - small pipe used in a laboratory for measuring all + most = almost all + mighty = almighty
small amounts of liquids all + so = also all + ways = always
v
Statuette - small statue Alright (all right as two words is used in more formal
English)
v
Bachelorette - a female bachelor
Vocabulary Point:
v
Usherette - a female usher, a woman whose job is to lead
people to their seats in a theatre Altogether/ All together: nksuks 'kCn dh pronunciation same gS

v Root words correct pronunciation esa Hkh helpful gSA

ysfdu budk meaning different gSA
For Example : (i) Altogether: Altogether dk eryc gS in total (dqy feykdj)
Eg. There are six bedrooms altogether.
v
Pteridophyta (Pter - wing + ido - with + phyta - plant) - plant
with wings; ferns (ii) All together: All together dk eryc gS lHkh ,d lkFk (all at
once)
v
Helicopter (Helico - circular + pter - wing) - an aircraft with
Eg. It was good to have a group of friends all together.
rotating wings
bu nksuksa examples esa pter dk pronunciation different gSA Prefix - il-, im-, ir-
VsfjMksQk;Vk (Pteridophyta) esa 'P' silent gSA Pteridophyta nks • Concept: 3 We commonly change the prefix in (not)- to il-
roots ls feydj cuk gS & pter - wing rFkk Pyta - plant, vr% , im- or ir- when the first letter of a word is l, m, p, or r. (tc
Pteridophyta dh spelling esa 'P' 'Pter' root dk ,d Hkkx gS but fdlh word dk first letter Øe'k% l, m, p, or r gks rks prefix 'in-'
Pteridophyta esa P dks t ds lkFk Pronounce djuk cgqr difficult Øe'k% il-, im- or ir- esa change gks tkrk gSA)

454
466
Vocabulary fdlh Hkh competitive exam dk important part gS rFkk Comprehension esa vPNk score djus ds fy, Hkh vocabulary dk cgqr egÙo gSA
latest pattern ds vuqlkj yxHkx lHkh exams esa vocabulary + Comprehension dk weightage yxHkx 75%-80% gks x;k gSA vr% English section esa
vPNk score djus ds fy, vocabulary dk strong gksuk igyh 'krZ gSA
;g Hkh mruk gh lR; gS fd vocabulary ;kn djuk Hkh lcls dfBu dk;Z gSA lHkh balkuksa esa Hkwyus dh LokHkkfod izo`fÙk gksrh gS ftlesa os ;kn fd, gq, words cgqr
tYnh Hkwy tkrs gSA vr% words dks yEcs le; rd ;kn j[kus ds fy, prefixes-Root-suffixes dk Method lcls scientific method gS ftlls ,d lkFk cgqr lkjs
words yEcs le; ds fy, ;kn fd;s tk ldrs gSA ;gh bl book dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk gS fd ;g English Prefixes, roots & suffixes dh dissection
technique ij vk/kkfjr gSA

viuh Vocab dks superior cukus ds fy, Amazon, Flipkart ;k vius utnhdh store ls vkt gh ;s Book purchase djsa rFkk viuh
eupkgh Govt. Job izkIr djds vius ekrk&firk dk uke jks'ku djsaA
vkids mTtoy Hkfo"; dh 'kqHkdkeuk,sa !!!

Sample PDF
1. Preface 2. Introduction 3. Index

6. Spellings:
4. Additional Words 5. Specialised Terms Concetps, Tips, Tricks & Tech.

7. 20 Tests 8. Avatar : Complete Sample PDF

466
 After reading this book “AVATAR” : “The Word Master” you’ll have all
the answers :

What is the connection between Tractor

l & Intractable ?

What are doublets, Triplets, and Cognates ?

l

What does it mean to choose the ‘red pill’ (The matrix trilogy) ?
l

What is the difference between, Autopsy & Biopsy; Amiable &

l

Amicable; Flaunt & Flout; Immigrant & Emigrant; Biannual & Biennial?

What are the mythic roots of Mnemosyne

l ?

Where is the key to understand ‘Somnambulant’, ‘Somniloquent’ ?

l

What are the key points in commiseration ?

l

What is correct, lightening bug or lightning bug

l ?

The NEON approach of desultory ?

l

How to decode the meaning of the largest English word

l

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis?

How can you dissect the words to see how they work and what they
l

mean ?

What is the “NEON Approach” (Neo-new) to build a superior

l

vocabulary ?

Do you know what antidisestablishmentarianism means ?

l

Do you know why an artist might be insulted if you called his or her
l

work ‘artful’?
Copyright © Neon Classes
All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced
into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written
permission of the author. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to
this production may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Rs. 699/-
 L sh
UA gli
NG En
B &

C L A S S E S
h
ILI
fgan

THE LEADER IN TEST PREPARATION

THE NO. 1 VOCABULARY BUILDER

THE WORD MASTER

This Vocabulary accelerator brings to you vast collection of the most

frequently asked words in competitive exams. Thus making it highly useful for
exams like, CET, CUET, SSC EXAMS, CGL, CPO, CHSL, STENO, MTS, GD, BANK
EXAMS, RBI, SBI PO/CLERK, IBPS PO/CLERK, NDA, CDS, CLAT, EPFO, MBA,
IPMAT, CAT, AFCAT, SAT, GRE, GMAT, Airforce Group X & Y and other competitive
exams.

This is based on the simple, yet effective Prefixes-Roots-Suffixes method

that will increase your knowledge and mastery of the English language.
The difference between the right word and almost
right word is the difference between lightning and a
lightning bug.

—Mark Twain
 L sh
UA gli
NG En
B &

C L A S S E S
h
ILI
fgan

THE LEADER IN TEST PREPARATION

THE NO. 1 VOCABULARY BUILDER

THE
COMPLETE BOOK
FOR BUILDING A
SUPERIOR
VOCABULARY.
Manisha Bansal Ma’am
(Director & Author)
13 Years’ teaching experience
CAT GMAT GRE SSC BANK
Dedication
To the innumerable students who have had to pore over word lists
of unconnected, isolated words and wade through boring flash cards in
the absence of this book, “AVATAR : The Word Master”.
Roma Invicta Arya
 CONTENTS
 The Matrix Simulation -

 Foreword I

 Preface II

 Introduction III

 Who is this book for XI

 Purpose of this book XI

 Why you need this book XI

 Reading this book XI

 What does Vocabulary building means XI

 The Neon Approach for Superior Vocabulary XII

 Test (Your Present Vocabulary - 100 Questions) XV

 Test your vocabulary Range (100 Questions) XVIII

 List of Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes (Index) XX

 Key to book entries A&B

 Avatar : The Word Master 01-400

 Foreign words 401-409

 Important words 410-437

 1000 Additional words (Phobia, Mania etc.) 438-448

 Table of Specialised Terms (Animal & Birds) 449-453

 Spellings : Concepts, Tips, Tricks & Techniques 454-471

 20 Tests (1000 Questions) 472-491

 Exit Test (100 Questions) 492-493

 “The Matrix Simulation”
Hollywood blockbuster “The Matrix” (1999) esa Morpheus, bl movie ds Hero, Neo dks Red pill vkSj Blue pill esa ls ,d dks choose djus ds fy,
dgrk gSA
“This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back.
You take the blue pill… the story ends… you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe.
You take the red pill… you stay in wonderland, and I show how deep the rabbit hole goes.
Remember…
All I am offering is the truth, nothing more.”
- Morpheus, The Matrix (1999)
* ;gka red pill ysus
dk vFkZ gS & “ life-changing truth dks tkuus le>us dh bPNk] viuh life ds meaning & purpose dh [kkst djuk vkSj free – thinking
attitude develop djds laziness & ignorance dh lk/kkj.k ftanxh dh uhan ls tkxdj mls cnyus ds iz;kl djukA”
Blue pill dh choice n'kkZrh gS fd “Matrix – Simulation (Hindu Philosophy esa bl matrix dks ek;k dgk x;k gS) esa lk/kkj.k vKkurk Hkjh
ftanxh Lohdkj djuk rFkk blissful ignorance esa slave dh Hkkafr ftanxh thuk.”

Take Red Pill Take Blue Pill

↓ ↓

Knowledge is Power Ignorance is bliss

↓ ↓

Learn Roots, Prefixes & Suffixes Rote learning

↓ ↓

Know more about new words Memorizing lists of unconnected, isolated words

↓ ↓

Learn that word Learn that word

↓ ↓

Associate unfamiliar words with a familiar one Forget just after 2 week

↓ ↓

Learn that word permanently (Remember for life time) Next time this word becomes new again

If you choose Red Pill

Welcome aboard, Neo!!

vkt ls vki Hkh Neo gksa tks cgqr tYnh&tYnh u;s words lh[ksxk vkSj life esa lQyrk gkfly djsxk ¼bl Rote learning Matrix Simulation ls ckgj fudy
dj!½
bl Book dks bl izdkj fy[kk x;k gS vki u;s words dks lh[kus dh bl Journey dks enjoy djsaxs rFkk bu words dh “pills of knowledge & learning” dks
,sls prepare fd;k x;k gSa fd vkids fy, bu pills dks swallow djuk] ,d pleasurable experience cu tk;sxkA
Note: viuh ekufld 'kfDr;ksa dks igpkuus vkSj mUgsa ekuo dY;k.k ds fy, fodflr djus ds fy, vkidks The Matrix Triology → The Matrix (1999),
The Matrix Reloaded (2003), & The Matrix Revolutions (2003) (trio→ 3) rhuksa Movies t:j ns[kuh pkfg,A bu movies dh philosophy cgqr gn
rd Hkkjrh; n'kZu fl)kUrksa] oSfnd lkfgR; vkSj Lokeh foosdkuUn ds fopkjksa ls esy [kkrh gSA
 FOREWORD

Hello students!!

Dear students,

Welcome to the enchanting world of words!

Vocabulary is the most basic principle for verbal success!!

Building your vocabulary can be interesting or can be a millstone around your neck. You should
well aware that, of all the knowledge and skills which a language learner must master, the most
important element, and the one involving the heaviest learning load, in an adequate working
vocabulary.

No matter how you approach this book - whether as a systematic course book or as a reassuring
reference work or simply as an entertaining browse – it should sharpen your ability to express
your thoughts and feelings and reduce progressively the frustrations of failing to “get through.”

If you are trying to build your vocabulary in preparation for a test, you should set a schedule for
yourself and work methodically from beginning to end.

For those of you who will be appearing for a competitive examination, this book is a godsend
and will act as your friend, philosopher and guide on your preparatory journey.

If you are simply trying to improve your vocabulary, you may find it more interesting to dip into
the text at random.

When you finish this book, you will have a solid vocabulary that can help you in every facet of
your life.

You will notice that after completion of this book you will not be the same, you can’t be.

So, let's embark on an exciting journey to explore the fascinating world of words!

Let's begin!!

Have fun while learning!!!

Manisha Bansal Ma'am

Director, Neon Classes

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes I

 PREFACE
“Avatar - The Word Master” ,d pedagogically-oriented book
gS ftlesa Prifixes, Roots & Suffixes dh help ls words dks quickly &
easily ;kn djuk fl[kk;k x;k gSA blesa NEON Approach dks ,d ,sls
system ds :i esa develop fd;k x;k gSa tks ,d lkFk cgqr lkjs words dks
;kn j[kus esa Memory aid dh rjg dke djrk gAS
;g words dks Better and Faster understanding dk ,slk shortcut gSa
ftldh lgk;rk ls vki ,d wider Vocabulary r;kj S dj ldrs gSaA blesa
word - histories vkjS etymologies dh lgk;rk ls words dks cgqr vklku
rjhds ls le>k;k x;k gSA
v Chron → Time
v Chronological – in order of time
v Synchronize (Syn – together, with) – Make agree in time, to
put on the same timetable.
v Anachronism (Ana - backwards) – events placed out of its
proper time; something that is chronologically out of place
For example, if you see someone wearing a dress that was
usually worn only in the medieval period, you could call that
an “anachronism”.

Word – history vkSj etymology fdlh dks yEcs le; rd ;kn

word v Chronic – Continuing over a long time

j[kus ds fy, powerful Mnemonic tools gaSA blds lkFk&2 Prefixes, v Chronicle – Chronological record of events

Roots and Suffixes dh help ls fdlh word dks dissect djds ml word v Chronometer – Device to measure time. A clock is, therefore,
ds lHkh parts dks thoroughly analyse djds ml word dh family ds a chronometer.

ckdh lHkh words dks Hkh easily and quickly le>k tk ldrk gSA fQj Hkys v Tempor – Time
gh oks words vkius igys dHkh ugha i<+s gksaA v Temporary – for the time being
vc ge ds example ls le>rs gSaA Mnemonics dk
'Mnemonics' v Contemporary – happening at the present or same time
meaning gksrk gS & “an aid to memory”, vFkkZr dksbZ Image, word,
( con→together, with)
device or system tks fdlh pht dks ;kn j[kus eas vkidh help djsA
v Extemporaneous – said or composed on the spur of the
Mythic Origi n – The word
moment; Impromptu
“Mnemonics” comes from
v Tempo – Relative rate of speed in music; pattern of activity
Mnemosyne, The Goddess of
memory, hence it is related to v Temporal – Not permanent; secular as opposed to spiritual
memory, Mnemosyne is said to v Temporize – to act to gain time; to delay
have represented the rote
bl izdkj roots oks etymological clues gSa tks wide range vocabulary
memorisation required before
the introduction of writing, to
dks ;kn djus rFkk yEcs le; rd mind esa cuk;s j[kus ds fy, most
pr e s e rve a n ci e nt knowl e dge powerful mnemonic tools dh Hkkafr O;ogkj djrs gSaA

through stories and myths.
Mnemonics 'kCn dk origin Greek Goddess Mnemosyne ls gqvk gS]
tks memorydh symbol gSA Mnemosyne jVus dh izFkk ls tqM+h Fkh tks
writing dh 'kq:vkr ls igys ancient knowledge dks preserve ds fy,
vko';d FkkA mudk role story telling vkSj myths ds ek/;e ls
knowledge dks preserve djus eas enn djus dh FkhA ;gha ls mnemonics
dk use fdlh word, poem etc. dks ;kn djus ds fy, fd;k tkus yxkA
'Mne' root ls develop gq, dqN vU; words
v Amnesty (A – not + mne – mind + ty) – a general pardon for
offences against a government (an official forgetting )
v Amnesia (A – without + mne – mind + ia) – loss of memory
,d vU; example ls le>rs gSa&
Time ds fy, Greek root – “Chron” rFkk Latin root “Tempor” i;D
z q r
gksrk gSA
Word histories, Etymologies rFkk roots dh help ls words ds origin
dks tkuus] le>us dk great benefit ;g gS fd ge words ds meaning ds
ckjs eas cgqr dqN additional information tku ikrs gaS rFkk Roots ls cuus
okys iwjs “cluster of words” dks Hkh vklkuh ls associate djds ;kn j[k
ikrs gSaA
Roots dh help ls words dks le>us rFkk tkuus dk ,d advantage ;g
Hkh gSa vkidks words ds origin rFkk language development esa interest
vkus yxsxk D;ksafd Roots fdlh word dh lfn;ksa iqjkuh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrs gSaA
tYnh gh vki Notice djsaxs fd tc Hkh dksbZ u;k word vkids lkeus vk;sxk
vki mldk Root – Prefix – Suffix dh help ls dissection djuk pkgsaxsA
bu dgkfu;ksa dks lquu]s le>us vkSj u;s&u;s words ;kn djus ds fy, vki
vHkh

II
 Introduction
“AVATAR : The Word Master” is an attempt to provide a tool to Mecca (n)
increase your word power in an effective manner. This book is • A place that many people like to visit, esp for a particular
aimed at tremendously increasing your vocabulary and helping reason
you develop a fast way to figure out the meaning of words if you Origin :
don't know them. This book is designed to teach the Greek and Saudi Arabia dh ,d city dk
Latin roots to help you to learn quickly and effectively. These
name mecca gSA mecca dks
islam dh holiest ¼ifo=½ city ekuk
roots, prefixes and suffixes can give you the meaning of over
tkrk gS D;ksafd ;gk Muhammad
2,00,000 words! Sahabdk tUe gqvk FkkA muslims
It is my firm conviction that learning more words and more about us mecca dks rhFkZLFky cuk;k vkSj
words you already know must be a pleasurable activity. The red sea ds ikl esa gksus ls ;gk¡ cgqr
lkjs visitors vkus yxsA vr% ;gh
memorizing of words for a long period of time is very difficult,
ls word “Mecca” dk vFkZ ,sls place ds fy, vkus yxk tks cgqr
monotonous and often temporary. Conviced that memorizing
important gS vkSj ogk¡ yksx tkuk pkgrs gSA
lists of words is unrewarding, I have developed this exclusive
A root is the part of any word that reveals its essential meaning.
method, based on Greek and Latin roots, The NEON Approach.
Many groups of English words are related in meaning simply
The Neon approach is the direct and successful method of
because they developed from a common root. When you
vocabulary building, based on the word dissection technique. In
recognise that a group of words shares a similar root, you'll more
this approach we cut apart a word and then analyze it thoroughly.
easily remember the entire group.
Example :
For example:
v Dissection (Dis - apart from + sect - to cut + ion - noun
Gen (Latin and Greek) → to give birth to; to produce
suffix) - to cut apart, as a plant, animal, body. etc. for
examination. Meaning → “race, birth, kind”

'Gen' root ls English language esa yxHkx 100 words dk tUe (birth)
v Crematorium (Cremat - burn + orium - a place for) - a
gqvk gSA
place where bodies of dead people are burned.
v Gene – Unit or factor of heredity.
v Epigraph (Epi - on + graph - writing) - words written
v Eugenics – Science of improving offspring
on a statue, monument, building etc.
v Congenital – Existing from birth
v Prerogative (Pre - before + roga - to ask + tive) n - a right or v Geneology – Study of the family tree
privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class,
v Primogenitive – Inheritance by the first born
Syn - Prequisitive.
v Psychogenic – Born in or caused by the mind
v Somnambulant (Somna - to sleep + ambul - to walk +
v Indigenous – Native
ant) adj - walking while asleep.
v Progeny – Offspring
v Somniloquent (Somni - to sleep + loqu - to talk + ent) adj - v Generation – A group of people who are about the same age
talking while asleep.
v Genesis – Origin
NEON Approach de le; esa cgqr lkjs words dks ;kn djus dh xtc v Degenerated –To become worse, lower in quality

rjhds ls effective technique gSaA ;g vocabulary building dk direct & v General – Common, familiar

successful method gS] ftlesa 3 strategies dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA v Generate- To cause something to exist
v Generative- That can produce something
(i) Divide & Learn
v Generator- A person who causes or produces
(ii) Think & Associate
v Generic- Related to a whole group or class
(iii) Repeat & Retain
v Generosity – Nobleness, Megnanimity
bu rhuksa strategies dks detail esa ge vkxs discuss djsaxsA
v Generous – Noble, Plentiful
A word can consist of three parts:
v Genesis – The beginning or origin of something
Prefix + Root + Suffix
v Genetic – Connected with genes
Root : The part of the word that contains the basic meaning, ie.
v Genial – Affable, Amiable
Definition of the word, is called the root. Thus root is the primary v Genethliac – Relating to birthdays or nativities, showing
lexical unit of a word. position and influence of stars at birth, a birthday poem

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes III
v Genius – Talent, Aptitude Mercurial (adj)
v Genital – Pertaining to the reproduction • Changing suddenly or without warning.
v Genre– A category of artistic, musical or literary Syn: Inconsistent (CDS 2003, 2004), Volatile (SSC CGL MAINS
ª
composition characterized by a particular style form or content. 2018), (CDS -1 2023)

v Gentry- People belonging to a high social class Origin : Mercurial 'kCn dk origin
v Genuine- Natural; not acquired mercury ls gqvk gS Roman
v Gentle- Calm, kind or soft
mythology esa] mercury nsorkvks
(Gods) dk messenger Fkk tks viuh
v Genteel- Quiet and Polite
swiftness ¼QwfrZ½ vkSj agility ds dkj.k
v Gentile- One who is not a Jew
tkuk tkrk FkkA ;gh ls mercurial 'kCn
v Antigen- Substance that is capable of stimulating an
dk use lively, unpredictable ;k
immune response. rapid changes in mood, behavior ds
v Octagenarian (80 years old or between the ages of 80 and fy, gksus yxkA
90; a person of this age ) (okto→ octo→eight) v Antithesis – The opposite of something
v Engender – to bring into being; produce ( en – in )
v Antipodes – The direct opposite of something
v Indigene – a native or indigenous person, animal or plant
v Antagonist – One who contends with another; competitor,
v Regenerate – to cause to be spiritually reborn; renewed or
rival, opponent
restored (re →back, again)
v Antidote – A remedy to counteract the effects of poison
v Genocide – The systematic killing of a whole national or
v Antiseptic – Opposing microbial infection
ethnic group (caedere → cide → to kill)
v Antitoxin –An antibody that counteracts a toxin
v Hydrogen – The generation of water from the combustion

of Hydrogen ( hydor → hydro → water)

Eg (Ante) – Latin prefix → Near, before, prior to
v Oxygen – (lit; acid – producing; so named from the belief v Anterior – situated in front, before in place

that oxygen is present in all acids), (oxys → oxy → sharp) v Antenuptial – Occurring before marriage; Prenuptile

And many many more ...
Prefixes and suffixes both are called affixes.
• Affix (Af - to + fix - to fasten, to attach)n - A letter or group of
letters added to the beginning or end of a word to change its
meaning.
• Prefix (Pre - before + fix - to fasten, to attach) n - something
fastened before a word.
• Suffix (Suf - below, behind + fix - fasten, to attach) -
something fastened behind a word.
v Ante-room – a room that leads to a bigger room ( literally, a
small room before a bigger one )
v Antediluvian – literally, of or belonging to period before
the great biblical flood, generally used to refer to something,
that is old fashioned, out of date or antiquated.
v Antebellum – literally, “ before the war” (here the reference
is generally to the American civil war )(bell – aggressive,

Prefix : The word element that is placed in front of a root. It bellicose - willingness to fight, belligerent - willing to

changes the word's meaning or makes a new word. involve in war.)

Understanding of the meaning of a Prefix (word Beginning) can v Antedate – to be of an older date than something else thus

give you a part of the definition. precede in time

Prefix ,d ,slh key gS tks vkids fy, u dsoy u;s words dk meaning, v Antecedent – refer to a preceding circumstance or event,
thus a precussor or fore - runner
unlock djrh gS cfYd mu words ds meaning dks vkids mind esa lock
Examples of Prefixes :
Hkh dj nsrh gSA
Prefix : a, an (without, not)
v
Prefixes will give us the essential force of the word.
Eg. Anti – against (Greek) v Amnesia (A - without + mne - mind + ia) n - Loss of memory.

v Antagonise – act in opposition to; struggle against
continuously (agon →a struggle, a contest)
v Antipathy – Natural aversion; having opposite feeling (In
contrast with sympathy)
v Antonym – An antithetical word; opposite of synonym
v Analgesic (An-without+alg-pain+ic) adj -A drug that relieves
pain; Painkiller
v Apnea (A - not + pnea - breathing) n - A condition in which
somebody stops breathing temporarily.
v Atheist (A - not + the - god + ist) n - One who does not believe
in God.

IV
Prefix : Retro (Back)
v Atlas (n)
v Retroflex (Retro - backward + flex - to bend) adj - Turned • A book of maps and charts.
Origin :
backward.
dk war leader FkkA
Atlas: Atlas , Titans
v Retrograde (Retro - backward + grade - to go) adj - Having a ds lkFk battle esa gkjus ds ckn God
Gods
backward direction or motion. Zeus us punishment ds :i esa Atlas dks

v Retrospect (Retro - back + spect - to look) n - Looking back

vius shoulders ij sky (vkleku½ dks
hold djus ds fy, dgkA
on conditions or events of the past.
16 century esa Gerardus Mercator tks fd ,d map maker Fkk
th

v Prefix : Dys (Bad, Difficult ) mlus viuh book ds title page Ikj Atlas dh burden ysrs gq,
picture yxk;h vkSj viuh book dk title “Atlas” fn;kA vr% ;gh
v Dysphoria (Dys - bad + phor - state) n - A state of
ls Atlas word dk use collection of maps, book etc. ds fy, vkus
dysfunction or ill-being. yxkA
Ant - Euphoria
-ance, - ence : action, state , quality or process.
v Dyspnea (Dys - difficult + pnea - breathing) n – Difficulty in
v Resistance (re - back + sist - to stand + ance - noun suffix) n -
breathing Opposition to a plan, or an idea
Ant - Eupnea v Independence (In - not + de - down + pend - hang + ence -
v Dystopia (Dys - bad + topo - place + ia) n - A place where noun suffix) - Not dependent to support of something.

everything is bad -ics : the science, art, or activity of

Ant-Eutopia v Dysgenics (Dys - bad + gen - generate + ics - study or

Prefix : Eu (good, well)

v science) – Generate bad quality of offspring.

v Euphoria (Eu - good + phor - state + ia) n - State of well being. Ant - Eugenics.

Ant - Dysphoria v Linguistics (lingu-language+ist+ics-study of) n - The study

v Eupnea (Eu - good + pnea - breathing) n - Good breathing, of language

Ant - Dyspnea (2) Verb Suffix:

v Eutopia (Eu - good + topos - place) n - A place where -ize : to become, make or to speak, think in the way
everything is good as it can be. mentioned.
Ant - Dystopia. v Privatize (Private + ize - make) v - to make private, Ant -
v Euthanasia (Eu - good + thanas - death + ia) n - Mercy killing nationalize

• 'Thanatos ' was the Greek v Theorize (Theory + ize - form) v - to form a theory about
personification of Death, something
twin brother of Sleep and the
v Hospitalize (Hospital + ize - to place in) v - to send
son of the Night.
somebody to a hospital.
Suffix: The word element that is placed after the root. Suffixes
(3) Adjective Suffix
display all kinds of relationships between form, meaning and
- able, - ible : having the quality of
function. Knowing the meaning of a suffix (Word ending) can
v Comfortable (Comfort + able) adj - Having the quality of
give the part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb etc.) of a
comfort.
word. Suffixes serve grammatical function.
v Fashionable (fashion + able) adj - Having the quality of
Examples of Suffixes:
fashion.
(1) Noun Suffix
-age : The action or result of, a state or condition of v Audible (Audi - hear + ible) adj - that can be heard

v Breakage (Break+ age - noun suffix) n - the act of breaking - ous : having the nature or quality of
something. v Poisonous (poison + ous) adj - having poison.
v Courage (Cour - heart + age - noun suffix) n - the ability to do
(4) Adverb Suffix :
something dangerous.
-ly : in the way mentioned

v Happily (happy + ly) adv. - In a happy way

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes V

 Note : -ly is an adjective suffix also, in adjectives it means January (n)
having the qualities of . • The first month of the year.

v Cowardly (coward + ly) adj - in the coward manner.

Origin :
“January” 'kCn dk origin ancient
Roots can add either prefixes or suffixes to create new
Roman god Janus ls gqvk gSA
words. “Janus” beginning, door dk nsork Fkk
For Example : eghuks dh 'kq#vkr January ls gksrh gS vkSj
Janus 'kq#vkr dk gh nsork FkkA
Root chron : time
;gh ls January 'kCn cu x;kA roman calendar esa ewy :Ik ls
Prefix syn : together with 10 eghus gksrs Fks tks march ls 'kq: gksrk Fkk tc calendar dks
correct fd;k x;k rc tkdj January vkSj February month tksM+s
Suffix ize : to cause
x,A
Synchronize (syn - together with + chron - time + ize) v - to
v
Different forms of a “Root” :
happen at the same time.
dqN Roots dh ,d ls T;knk forms gksrh gSA
Chronology (chron - time + ology - study) - the order in
v
For example:
which events happened.
Auc, Aug, Aux : to increase
Root onym : name Brev, Bri : Brief, short
Prefix syn : together with Locu, loqu : to speak

Suffix ous : adjective Radic, Radix : root

Reg, Rex : King
Synonymous (syn - together with + onym - name + ous) -
v
bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd ;s roots viuh original language esa Hkh form
having the same meaning.
change djrs gSaA tSls & say rFkk said ,d gh English word dh
Root Port : to carry
different forms gSaA
Prefix ex : out
Latin vkSj Sanskrit inflected language gSa vFkkZr bu language esa
Export (ex - out + port - to carry) - to send out goods to
v fofHkUu words dk vkilh relationship words dh endings ls crk;k
another country. tkrk gSaA
Prefix im : in, into English esa word order important gSa tSls &
Import (im - into + port - to carry) - to carry goods into one
v Man bites dog rFkk Dog bites man, nksuksa fcYdqy different sentences

country from another. gSA

Prefix trans : across
ysfdu Latin vkSj Sanskrit esa word order important ugha gksrk] word
dh endings gh ;g clear dj nsrh gSa fd dkSu biter gSa rFkk fdls dkVk x;k
Transport (Trans - across + port to carry) - Carrying goods
v
gS (bitten).
from one place to another.
Example: (Latin)
We can add suffix -able to all these three word to make
Canem vir mordet. (Man bites dog.)
adjectives.
Vir Canem mordet. (Man bites dog)
(-able : that can be or must be ) Canis Virum mordet. (Dog bites man)
Exportable - that can be exported. Virum canis mordet. (Dog bites man)

Importable - that can be imported. Example: (Sanskrit)

jke fo|ky; tkrk gSA (Ram goes to school.)
Transportable - that can be transported.
1. jke% fo|ky;e~ xPNfrA (Ram goes to school.)
This is a better way than the hit - and - run method of
2. jke% xPNfr fo|ky;e~A (Ram goes to school.)
memorizing lists of unconnected, isolated words. I ask you to
3. fo|ky;e~ jke% xPNfrA (Ram goes to school.)
stay with the words and make them permanently yours.
4. fo|ky;e~ xPNfr jke%A (Ram goes to school.)
I want to give you the method of building a bigger and better
5. xPNfr jke% fo|ky;e~A (Ram goes to school.)
vocabulary solidly and securely, my chief purpose, therefore, has
6. xPNfr fo|ky;e~ jke%A (Ram goes to school.)
been to help you acquire a permanent interest in words.
Note: Hkk"kkfoKkfu;ksa ds fy, ;g vkt Hkh research dk fo"k; gS fd
I believe and strongly believe, that you learn more words by
laLd`r esa f}opu dk iz;ksx D;ksa fd;k tkrk gSA
knowing more about words. I will indicate every possible
Thus,
method of association.

VI
 Circe (n)
The King : Rex
• A dangerously or irresistibly fascinating woman.
of the King : Regis
Origin :
Kingly : Regal
bl word dk origin Greek mythology ls
vr% Root words dh different forms ls dHkh Hkh confuse uk gksA gSA Greek religion ds according “circe”
;gka ,d ckr vkSj /;ku j[kus ;ksX; gS fd Latin esa 'i' rFkk 'j' and 'u' rFkk tks ,d tknwxjuh (enchantress) FkhA og
'v' nksuksa dks written form esa interchangeably iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS vius potions vkSj herbs ds knowledge
rFkk vius magic ds fy, famous Fkh vkSj
ftlls Hkh Roots dh nks ;k vf/kd forms generate gksrh gSA budh help ls og vius (enemies) nq'euksa
(for example: Volu, Volv - roll, turn) dks animals esa transform dj nsrh FkhA
Words dks ,d language ls nwljh language esa tkus esa centuries dk blfy, yksx mlls Mjrs FksA vr% ;gh ls
circe ,d dangerous vkSj fascinating
le; yxk gSA Remember that roots tell us the common heritage
¼vkd"kZd½ woman ds fy, vkus yxkA
of words thousands of years old. Over the Centuries spelling
Doublets:
variations are bound to occur.
Two words with different meanings and with different spellings
cgqr ls roots dh journey bl izdkj gS &
were originally one word. Etymologically ;s nksuksa words ,d gh
Proto Indo - European (PIE) language (6000 years ago) root ls develop gq, gSaA
For example:

(Aptitude, Attitude; Cart, chart; Chef, Chief; amiable, amicable;

Greek Sanskrit (and many more) gaol, jail; channel, canal; disk, disc; shirt, skirt; Potion, Poison;

Latin abbreviate, abridge; Fire, Pyre; Levy, Levee; Frail, Fragile; Quiet,

Quite)

Doublets ds origin ds nks eq[; reason gSaA

Romance languages
(i) ;s words different routes ls English language esa enter gq, gSaA
(ii) ;s words ,d gh language dh different stages of development
ij English language esa vk;s gSaA
Spanish French Italian Portugues
Doublets dks dqN examples ls le>rs gSa&
(i) Fire and Pyre rFkk Frail and Fragile

Fire - Fire, Bonfire

English
Pyre - Funeral pyre

bu nksuksa words (doublets) dk meaning yxHkx same gSaA bl izdkj ds

Lkfn;ksa rd words dh ;s journies pyrh jgh gSa] dqN Latin roots dh
'almost identical' doublets ds dkj.k English language cgqr enrich
forms cny xbZ gSa fd bUgsa Latin ds original root ls relate djuk bruk
vklku ugha gSa ;s disguised root dh form ys ysrs gSaA gkykafd T;knkrj gqbZ gSA
Latin roots dh form esa dksbZ egRoiw.kZ cnyko ugha gqvk gSA budh otg ls collocations (word usage) develop gq, gSaA
For example
Eg. Fragile cup

PIE Sanskrit Latin Meaning Frail woman

Pods Pad- ¼ in~ ½ Ped- Foot
Woks Vac ¼ od~ ½ Voc, Vox Speech
Fragile vkSj Frail nksuksa twins dk origin Latin Fragilis → easily
Regs Raj ¼ jkt~ ½ Reg, rex King broken ls gqvk gSA
Frail → weak and delicate person
bl Book esa Latin vkSj Greek roots dh lHkh important forms dks
Fragile→object or abstract concepts such as feeling
cgqr vPNs rjhds ls explain fd;k x;k gSA
Fragile vkSj Frail ds meaning esa cgqr gh subtle difference gSaA

gkykafd frail cup rFkk Fragile woman collocations lgh ugha gSA

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes VII
 Fragilis (Latin) Martial (Martialis - of mars or war) adj
• Connected with war. (SSC CHSL 2020)

Origin :
Roman mythology ds according “Mars” dks
Frail (old French) Learned borrowing
directly from Latin Roman God of War ekuk tkrk Fkk] ;gha ls Martial
(in the 15th century) word dk use, martial arts, skills of combat rFkk
self- defense ds fy, fd;k tkus yxkA
Middle English Fragile (English)

[ ;g fganh ds rRle
(ßTatsamaÞ same as that)
Cognates:
ds leku gSA ] English dk origin Proto Indo European (PIE) language ls gqvk gS
Frail (English)
rFkk English bl prehistoric language family dk ,d NksVk lk part
Note: fganh rFkk vU; New Indo-Aryan languages esa Native
gSA
doublets ds members dks rn~Hko rFkk rRle ds :i esa identify
cgqr ls words ,sls gSa tks different languages (i.e. Sanskrit, Greek,
fd;k tkrk gSA
Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Irish, Russian and
(i) rn~Hko (Tadbhava →became that) :
Okks 'kCn tks laLd`r ls gh derived gS ysfdu le; ds lkFk mudk :i cny English, as well as others) esa similar meanings and spellings j[krs

x;k gSA gq, gSaA

Eg. O;k?kz ¼laLd`r½] Tiger → ck?k ¼fganh½] Tiger oks words tks same root ls originate gq, gSa but separate Phonetic
(ii) rRle~ (Tatsama →Same as that): development ds dkj.k buesa dqN differences vk x;s gSa, Cognates
oks 'kCn ftUgsa laLd`r ls direct borrow fd;k x;k gSA dgykrs gSaA
Eg. O;k?kz ¼laLd`r½ → O;k?kz ¼fganh½
Cognate word Latin ds cognatus ls cuk gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS &
fganh esa O;k?kz 'kCn Hkh iz;qDr gksrk gS but bldk use eq[;r% literary gSA
“related by birth.”
Latin - quies, quietus (peace, rest)
(Com→co →together; gnatus →to be born)
Spanish, French and Italian are cognate languages (all essentially

descended from Latin) but are not cognate with Latin.

French Borrowed directly

Cognatus (Latin)

English English

Quite Quiet
Cognate Cognado Cognato
(Completely) (calm, repose)
(English) (Spanish) (Italian)
Triplets:
Eg. The cognates for English Brother →
tc 3 words dk origin ,d gh ls gqvk gks ysfdu le; ds lkFk
root
Bhrtr (Sanskrit)
v
/khjs&/khjs oks 3 different words esa
change gks x;s gksA ;s 3 words ftudh
Phrater (Greek)
v
spelling & meaning different gks x;s gks] Etymological triplets
Frater (Latin)
v
dgykrs gSaA
Frére (French)
v
Eg. Hostel, Hospital, Hotel
Brother (English)
v
(Latin, hospit→host)
v Bruder (German)
v Capture, Catch, Chase
v Brothar (Gothic)
(Latin, Capere →to hold, seize)
v Brathir (Irish)
v Capture- to take something into possession by force
v Brothir (Ice-landic)
v Catch- to take hold of something
v Brat (Russian)
v Chase- to pursue something or someone with the objective
of catching or capturing
bu lHkh cognates dk origin PIE root “Bhrater” ls gqvk gSA

VIII
 Laconic (Lakon- Laconia, Sparta + ic) adj
Additional Words:
• (Of a person, speech, or style of writing) using very few
bl Book ds last Hkkx esa 1000 + additional words fn;s x;s gSaA words.
 Syn : Brusque, Compact, Pithy, Terse, Crisp (SSC MTS
bu words esa common endings gS tSls & latry, cide, phobia, philia, 2016), Brief (SSC CHSL2017), Concise (SSC SI 2006), (SSC CPO
ism etc. PRE 2016, 2017), (SSC CHSL 2021)
 Ant : Wordy, Redundant, Verbose, Bombastic (CDS 2005,
bu additional words esals dqN words common gSa rFkk dqN words dk NDA 2006, 2008)
usage T;knk frequent ugha gSA bu words dks include djus dk mÌs'; Origin: Laconia, southern Greece dh ,d country FkhA
vkidks u;s roots fl[kkuk gSA ftldh jktèkkuh Sparta Fkh] vkSj Spartans de 'kCnksa esa viuh
ckr dgus ds fy, famous FksA ;gha ls Laconic dk vFkZ ,d ,sls
;s possible gS fd vki dHkh Hkh fuEu words dks iz;qDr uk djsa tSls & O;fä dh cksyh ;k fy[kus dh 'kSyh ds fy, fd;k tkus yxk tks cgqr
Cynophobia, dulciloquent, senicide, tardiloquy, viameter, etc. de 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx djrk gksA
but bu words esa vk;s gq, roots ls cuus okys vU; words dks vklkuh ls Example : Alexander ds father
learn dj ldsa rFkk bu u;s words esa ls dqN words definitely vkidks Philip II us tc Laconia ij
exams esa feysaxsaA attack fd;k rks mlus dgk &
Philip II- Whether he should
Example - 1 :
come as friend or foe?

v
Cynophobia (Cyno - dog + phobia - fear) - fear of dogs. Spartan reply - Neither.
Again Philip II - If I enter Laconia, I will raze Sparta to the
v
Cynosure (Cyno - dog + sura - tail) - centre of attention' ground.
Origin : Cynosure is being derived from the Greek word for a Spartan reply - If.
dog's tail. One of the ancient names of the constellation Ursa Example - 3:
Minor, the little Bear. Since this constellation contains Polaris,
the North Star. The eyes of mariners were naturally directed to it. v
Senicide (Seni - old + cide - to kill) - Killing of old men.

Hence, cynosure means something that attracts, a centre of v

Senile (Seni- old + le) - behaving in a confused way, and
attention. unable to remember things because you are old.

¼cynosure 'kCn dk vFkZ Greek esa dog's tail gS] u{k= ^mjlk _{k* dk ,d Note : Senior also contains the root seni, old.
iqjkuk uke dog's tail, dqÙks dh iwaN] Hkh Fkk] bl u{k= esa /kzqo rkjk Example 4 :
[Polaris, the North Star] Hkh 'kkfey gS] /kzqo rkjs dh fLFkfr ges'kk ,d gh
v
Tardiloquent (Tardi - slow + loquent - to speak) - speaking
txg jgrh gS] vr% ukfod jkr esa fn'kk lwpd ds :i esa /kzqo rkjs dks dke slowly
esa ysrs Fks] ftlls mudh vka[ks jkr esa ckj&ckj /kzqo rkjs dh rjQ tkrh Fkh]
v
Tardy (Tardy- slow) - slow to act, move or happen
blfy;s /khjs&/khjs cynosure dk vFkZ centre of attention] vkd"kZ.k dk
dsUnz gks x;kA½ v
Retard (Re - back + tard - slow) - to make the progress of
something slower
v
Cynic, cynical, cynicism
Example 5 :
Cynic (Cyno - dog + ic - like) - person who disbeliefs in
v
Viameter (Via - way + meter - measurement) - instrument
man's sincerity; that means person who is like a dog.
for measuring revolutions of a wheel.
Again it is true for :
v
Deviant (De - away from + via - way) - different from
Example - 2 : normal and acceptable

v
Dulciloquent (Dulci - sweet + loquent - to speak) - speaking v
Obviate (Ob - stop + via - way) - to remove a problem.
sweetly
v
Trivial (Tri - three + via - way) - not important or serious
It might possible you never come across the words like
Origin : In Latin, the place, where three ways (roads) meet was
“Dulciloquent”, "Tardiloquent" and "Viamater" but you will
called a trivium. The market place talk, the gossip and chatter in
definitely see the following words in your examinations.
these places was held to be ordinary. Hence trivial, was used to
For example : characterize such unimportant talk.

v
Dulce (Dulce- sweet) - a sweet food or drink ysfVu esa og LFkku tgka rhu jkLrs feyrs gS trivium ¼ frjkgk½
v
dgykrk gS] bl LFkkuksa ij tks Hkh ckrsa gksrh oks
v
Dulcet (Dulce - sweet) - sounding sweet and pleasant
lk/kkj.k gossip gh gksrh ftudh dksbZ T;knk importance ughaa gksrh
v
Dulcimer (Dulce - sweet + mer - melody) - an instrument FkhA vr% bu ckrksa dks trivial ¼rqPN] egRoghu½ dgk tkus yxkA
that produces sweet sound.

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes IX

Lethargic- (Lthargos - forgetful + ic) adj Narcissist (Narcissism + ist) n
• Without any energy or • The habit of always admiring
enthusiasm for doing things. oneself. (SSC GD 2018), (SSC CGL
vkylh PRE 2022)

 Syn : Sluggish, Languid,  Syn : Egotist, Boaster,

Torpid (SSC CGL 2016), Inactive Egocentric, Self-Centred,
(SSC CPO PRE2016), Lazy (SSC CGL Self-Obsessed (AFCAT-1 2019)
PRE 2016)

 Ant : Active, Energetic, Vigorous, Lively (SSC MTS 2016), Origin:

Animated (SSC STENO 2017) Word Narcissist Greek mythology ls vk;k gSA Greek
Origin: Mythology ds vuqlkj ,d Beautiful young man
Greek mythology ds according Lethe ,d river dk uke Fkk Narcissus ftlus ikuh esa viuk reflection ns[kk rks mls vius gh
ftls 'River of Unmindfulness or Forgetfulness" Hkh dgk reflection ds lkFk I;kj gks x;kA viuh [kqn dh lqanjrk ds çfr
tkrk FkkA ,slk ekuk tkrk Fkk fd tc fdlh dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS] rks mldk tquwu bruk vfèkd c<+ x;k Fkk fd mlus vius
mls vius fiNys thou ds ckjs esa lc dqN Hkwyus ds fy, Lethe reflection dks ikus ds fy, unh esa dqn x;k ftldh otg ls og
unh dk ikuh fiyk;k tkrk FkkA varr% Hkwyus dh ;g fØ;k
sluggishness, inactivity ;k indifference dh Hkkoukvksa ls tqM+h
ej x;kA Narcissus ls gh word modify gksdj Narcissist cuk,
gqà FkhA vkSj rHkh ls bl word dk use lqLrh] fuf"Ø;rk ;k ftldk use ,d ,sls O;fDr ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks [kqn dks cgqr
mnklhurk dks show djus ds fy, fd;k tkus yxkA admire djrk gksA

Hence, you are advised to read and learn these additional words I do guarantee if you read this book:
thoroughly, so that you can learn the additional roots and can use
them in learning new words. v
That you will learn the complete etymology for each
word.
bu roots dks ;kn djsa rFkk buls cuus okys words dks le>saA Words dks
jVus dh dksf'k'k uk djsa cfYd roots dks base cukdj ;g le>usa dh v
That you will develop a great interest in words.
dksf'k'k djsa fd ;g word dSls cuk gSA ;fn ,d ckj vkius fdlh word dks
le> fy;k rks fQj ml word dks dHkh ugh HkwyksxsA ;fn vki dsoy v
That you will develop a great insight into words.

Roots dks gh learn dj ysas rks gtkjksa words ls familiar gks tk,xsaA v
That you will acquire a new word easily and hold on it for
;s lHkh roots Greek rFkk Latin words dk gh ,d part gksrs gSA bu longer period of time.
roots dh lgk;rk ls vki words ds meaning rFkk spellings dks
v
That, in your examination you will do better in sections
vklkuh ls ;kn j[k ik;saxsA vr% vkils visf{kr gS fd bu lHkh
like vocabulary and comprehension.
additional words dks thoroughly i<+s] learn djs rFkk buesa iz;qDr gksus
okys roots dks le>s vkSj ;kn j[ksaA rkfd vki future esa u;s words This book will enhance your vocabulary quickly. A strong

lh[kus esa bu additional roots dks use dj ik;saA vocabulary gives you : -

bl Book dslast Hkkx esa 20 Tests fn;s gS ftlesa 1000 Questions gSA ;s v
A more challenging & rewarding job.
questions eq[;r% One Word Substitution, Synonym rFkk
v
Greater self-confidence in speaking & in writing.
Antonym, Spelling Errors ij based gS RkFkk vkidh memory dks
Test djssaxsA bu questions dk level fdlh Hkh Standardized v
Improved comprehension in all your reading.
Examination (ie CAT, SSC, BANK, CDS, MBA etc.) ds vuqlkj j[kk
x;k gSA vr% bu Tests esa vPNk score djus ds fy, Hard work djsaA v
Success in your studies.

You will notice that after completion of this book you will
Words ds fcuk mankind vkt Hkh ,d savage (taxyh tkuoj) dh Hkk¡fr
not be the same, you can't be.
gh gksrsA ysfdu words us gesa lh[kus le>us rFkk vius fopkj izdV djus
dh vlhe 'kfDr iznku dh gSA Words Hkh ekuo dh intelligence dk gh I have tried to make the study of words pleasant and easy .
,d igyw gSaA cgqr lkjs research ;s prove dj pqds gSa fd ftu students Here's a brilliant new way to learn and remember words.
dh vocabulary cgqr strong gksrh gS oks viuh studies esa vU; fo+|kfFkZ;ksa
ls vkxs jgrs gSaA vr% words ds fear dks vius Åij gkoh uk gksus nsa mUgs
viuk master (ekfyd) uk cuus ns cfYd ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k djs fd Have fun!!!

dSls words dks viuk slave (nkl) cuk;k tk ldsA tSls &2 vki words
;kn djrs tk;saxs oSls & 2 budk fear Hkh de gksrk tk;sxk rFkk vki ns[ksaxs
fd cgqr lkjs words rks vius vki gh vkidh vocabulary dk living
part curs tk;saxsA

X

Who is this book for?
This book is for you since you aspire to achieve a perfect score on
vocabulary section in different examinations. With consistent
use of this book as part of your plan of study, you could achieve
more than you think you're capable of ! week after week, read
through the strategies and work hard on the vocabulary practice
exercises. Visualize the ranks of the top 1 percent of test takers, I
have every confidence in you. You can do it!
I leave no stone unturned as I share with you a multitude of tips
and techniques that have enabled us to achieve perfect scores in
our respective areas of expertise. You can realize your personal
best scores!
It is written for the kind of person who would like to know more
words and know more about those he knows.
Purpose of this Book
The purpose of this book is to markedly increase your
vocabulary and provide a way for you to figure out the meaning
of words you don't know through various powerful word
strategies.
Manisha Bansal Ma'am has developed powerful, time-tasted
strategies for vocabulary building through Greek and Latin root
development.
Note that this book can be used effectively for learning shortcuts
and strategies and practice for all vocabulary-based questions on
any test, examination or it can be used to build your vocabulary
for your own purposes.
Why you need this book
Vocabulary is one indication of intelligence. Learning power
sharpens when vocabulary increases. Through words you shape
your own destiny. If you methodically increase your vocabulary,
you will improve your chances of success. Words can raise a man
from mediocrity to success.
Words are not static entitics in language. They are crucial to
listening, speaking, reading and writing. In other words, they
constitute the basis of communication.
Success and vocabulary go hand in hand. This has been proved
so often that it no longer admits of argument. Our knowledge of
words is all that makes it possible for us to understand the world
around us. And it is only by words that we can impart ideas to
others.
It follows like a law of mathematics that the more words you
know the more clearly and powerfully you will think.
It has awakened to the power and magic of the words. Surveys
show that if you want success in your studies, look to your
vocabulary.
Remember that the size and quality of a person's vocabulary
correlate powerfully with his or her success in school, at work,
and beyond.
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am
Titanic (n)
• Any person or thing of great size or power.
Origin:
Titanic: bl dk ls gSA Greek
origin titans
mythology esa titans giants dh family dks dgk tkrk
FkkA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ;g cgqr powerful gksrs gS
tks earth ij rule djrs FksA vr% titans ls word titanic cuk ftldk vFkZ
powerful gksrk gSA Titanic ship tks Atlantic ocean es iceberg ls
Vdjkus ds ckn Mwc (sink) x;h Fkh mldk name Hkh titan ls vk;k gS
D;ksafd ,slk ekuk tkrk Fkh oks lcls strong, powerful ship FkhA
Reading this book
Reading widely - with the help of a dictionary and perhaps also a
thesaurus - is a great way to build a vocabulary. But it's also a slow
way.
That's where we come in. The main section of this book (“Avatar
: The Word Master” )is a concentrated source of the words you
want to know, the words you know to help yourself to build an
educated vocabulary.
We have also included fun facts, mythology, origin, etymology,
usage and Spelling Tips & Tricks, which are integral to the
vocabulary learning methods you're about to encounter.
What does Vocabulary building means:
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition, contains
1,84,500 words, phrases and meanings. Ideally this should be the
learning goal, but this is out of the reach of most human beings.
In order to come up with a sensible target of the number of words
one needs to learn, I refer to some linguistic surveys, According
to these surveys :
Vocabulary size (words) Text coverage
1000 72.0%
2000 79.7%
3000 84.0%
4000 86.8%
5000 88.7%
10000 93.6%
16000 97.9%
Some linguists believe that 3000 words (keywords) are enough to
hold a basic conversation, however your vocabulary should be
over 6000 words if you want to speak a language fluently.
If you want to be able to express yourself very well or to read
newspapers, magazines, novels and to aim for a good competitive
exam, you will need to learn about 10,000 words.
If this sounds unattainable, just imagine that at 30 new words a
day, you can learn over 10,000 words in just one year and if you
are smart, consistent to your studies and have powerful
techniques (as given in this book) you can learn 100 words per
day, to learn 10,000 words in just 100 days.
Director : Neon Classes XI
 Odyssey (n)
The NEON Approach for superior
A long & wandering trip.
vocabulary Origin :
The philosophy behind NEON CLASSES (NEON → NEO →New) Odyssey 'kCn dk origin ancient Greek
is simple : we teach what you need to know and try to make it poem “Odysseia” ls gqvk gSA ;g poem,
interesting and fun at the same time. Trojan war ds ckn odyssey [Ithaca ds jktk]
The methods we have developed are easy to use and we believe, dh 10 o"kZ dh yEch ;k=k dks describe djrh
extremely effective. gSA ;gh ls Odyssey 'kCn long vkSj
The NEON Approach consists of three strategies: adventurous journey ;k trip ds fy, use gksus
(i) Divide and Learn yxkA
(ii) Think and Associate
(1) Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis
(iii) Repeat and Retain
(45 letters)
A word that refers to a lung disease, caused by very small particles
Strategy (i) Divide and learn of Volcanic ash and dust. Medically it is same as silicosis.
bl strategy esa ge fdlh word dks mlds parts esa divide djrs gSa] rFkk vc bl word dks NksVs & NksVs parts esa divide djrs gSaA
mls through analysis djds le>rs vkSj learn djrs gSaA
v
Pneumono - related to the lungs
The words you consider long are combinations of short words or
Pneumonia, Pneumonococcus,
parts of words written together. The trick is to be able to divide the
Pleuropneumonia, Peripneumonia, Pneumonic,
long words into recognizable short units.
Pneumonitis
Before invention of printing

Handwritten books esa sentences esa words dks Jammed together v

Ultra - beyond

djds bl izdkj fy[kk tkrk FkkA bls i<+dj le>us dh dksf’k’k djsaA Ultramarathon, Ultrasonic, Ultrasound,
Ultramodern, Ultramarine, Ultracritical,
Ultraviolate rays
Director's Message
v
Micro - Small
About NEON CLASSES Microbes, Micronesia, Microcosm, Microbiology
WelcometoNEONAttheoutsetIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudefo
v
Scopic - to view or look at
rthetrustyouhaveplacedinNEONThisisaGoldenageforCareerEdu
cationWithakeenfocusonqualityeducationwearesteadfastinourpat Telescope, Oscilloscope, Kaleidoscope,
hgivingassistanceandaidtothousandsofstudentsforattainingmerit Microscope, Hygroscope, Periscope
oriousheightsWeworkcloselytoservestudentsinfulfillingtheiracad v
Silico - Silicon ( found in quartz, flint, sand)
emicdreamsthroughprofessionalguidanceOurhighlydedicatedan
dcommittedteamstrivestoachieveexcellenceinthefieldofcompetit
v
Volcano - Volcano

iveexampreparation
Intheeraofcutthroatcompetitionwehavedevelopedanewpedagogy
namedNEONapproachforyourselectioniningovernmentjobsThis
pedagogyenhancesyourlearningskillsandaptitudeThedifferenceb
etweena successful person and
othersisnotalackofstrengthnotalackofknowledgebutratheralackof
willguidanceandmentoringAtNEONwearefocusedonyoursuccess
Wehavemanytrustworthyandsupportivestudents&parentsandIm
ustappreciatecongratulateandthankallourstudents&theirparentsf
ortheirbelief&patronagetoNEON
→ bl sentence dks le>us ds fy, bls NksVs & NksVs words esa ns[kuk gksxk
vkSj vk'p;Z dh ckr ;s gS fd vki us bu sentences dks cgqr vPNh rjg ls
v
Koni - Greek (dust)
v
Osis- Noun suffix (indicating illness)
Trichinosis, Cirrhosis, Cholorosis, Leukocytosis,
Tuberculosis, Neurofibromatosis
(2) antidisestablishmentarianism (28 letters)
antidisestablishmentarianism → is opposition to a breaking away
from an established church. This word is used to refer to people who
opposed withdrawing support of the Anglican church of England.
;g ns[kus esa cgqr cM+k word gSa but bls divide djds cgqr vklkuh ls le>k
tk ldrk gSaA ;fn blds prefixes (anti-, dis-) rFkk suffixes (-ment, -
arian, -ism) dks gVk fn;k tk;s rks “establish” 'ks"k jgrk gSA

i<+ Hkh fy;k vkSj le> Hkh fy;k] ;s gS gekjs brain dh Power! establish dks Hkh further dividefd;k tk ldrk gSA establish, Latin
Divide word into units to learn its meaning. verb 'stare' (Stare → sta → to stand) ls cuk gSA Root “sta” ls cus gq, dqN

blh izdkj long words dks Hkh NksVs & NksVs parts esa rksM+dj le>k tk ldrk vkSj words bl izdkj gSaA (Stable, Distant, Stationary, Extant, Instant,
Substantial, Constant, Circumstantial) .
gSA
The longest word in any of the major English Language
bl izdkj dissection ds ckn ;g 28 letters dk word dsoy 3 letter ds

Dictionaries is basic root sta- ds :i esa 'ks"k jg x;k gSA

XII
v
anti - against or opposed Nemesis (Nemein - give what is due now )n
Downfall that satisfies natural justice. (SSC CPO 2020)
v
disestablishment - the act of withdrawing exclusive state
support from (a church)
Origin:
Nemesis çfr'kksèk (vengeance) dh Greek
v -arian - a person who supports or practices something
goddess FkhA Greek yksxksa dk ekuuk F​ kk fd
v -ism - noun suffix, doctrine (ism is used in nouns that Nemesis vijkèkh dks rqjar nafMr ugÈ djrh
mean an adherence or devotion to something)
Fkh] cfYd vijkèk dk cnyk ysus ds fy,
(3) Hexakosioihexakontahexaphobia (29 letters) generation rd wait djrh Fkh ij U;k;
,d cgqr gh c+M+k word gS rFkk gks ldrk gS fd vkius bls igys dHkh lquk djrh FkhA In English, Nemesis fdlh ,sls person dks refer
Hkh uk gks but ;fn vkidks root words dk knowledge gS rks vki cgqr djrh gS tks U;k;iw.kZ izfr'kks/k ysA
vklkuh ls blds meaning dks le> ldrs gSA The root may suggest an association with another word that
looks similar and whose meaning you know. This new word's
Dissect djus ij
meaning may give you a clue as to the meaning of the original
Greek Roots -
word or the opposite in meaning to the original word if you need
Hexakosioi - 6 lkS (600) an opposite.
Hexakonta - lkB (60) For example, Extricate reminder us of the word, “extract” (ex →
out, tract → to draw; extract → to draw out, withdraw, take or get
Hexa - N% (6)
out), the opposite of which is 'to put together.”
Phobia - Mj
;fn ge fdlh word ds Prefix, Root rFkk Suffix ds ckjs esa tku tk;s rks
vr% bl word dk vFkZ gqvk & “ number 666 ls yxus okyk Mj.” ge ml word dh better understanding develop dj ldrs gSa rFkk ml
blh izdkj ;fn vki Root words ij vPNh idM+ cuk ysrs gS rks fdlh Hkh Root dh family ds vU; words dks Hkh associate djds yEcs le; rd
u;s word dk vFkZ Hkh vklkuh ls guess dj ik;saxsaA ;kn j[k ysaxs] D;ksafd words generally, clusters esa gh develop gksrs gSaA
;fn vki etymology (Etym - true meaning + ology - study of - The bls ,d example, Root → “sult” ls le>rs gSaA sult family ds dqN
study of the true meaning; derivation, and history of a word 'kCnksa members dh spelling esa sal, sil ;k sault dh form vkrh gS] but sult

dk bfrgkl] vFkZ rFkk L=ksr vkfn dk v/;;u) dh le> develop dj family ds uke dk meaning gj txg “jump or leap” ¼Nykax yxkuk]

ik;s rks dHkh Hkh confusing words dks misuse ugha djsaxsa vkSj uk gh dwnuk½ gh gksxkA
budh spelling xyr fy[ksaxsaA Desultory Hkh sult family ls belong djrk
gSA Desultory ds Root dks
For Example : le> dj ge bl 'sult' family ds vU; members dks Hkh le>saxsA
Biannual rFkk Biennial confusing words gSA Roman times dh ckr gSA Roman circuses esa ,d horse rider gksrk
Fkk
*^nks o"kksZa esa ,d ckj ?kfVr gksuk**] **,d o"kZ easa nks ckj ?kfVr gksuk** fdl tks arean (Harena → place of combat) esa crowd dks entertain djus
condition ds fy, dkSulk word iz;qDr gksxk lkekU;r% ;g confusion ds fy, ride djrs gq, horse change djus ds djrc fn[kkrk FkkA bl
rider dks desultor dgrs Fks D;ksafd ;g ,d horse ls nwljs horse ij
gh jgrk gSA
jump djrk FkkA
Root words bl izdkj ds confusion dks nwj djus esa gekjh cgqr Help
(De → away from; sult → jump; or → doer)
djrs gSA
blh word ls u;k word cuk → Desultory
v Biannual- (Bi - two + ann - year + ual) adj - Occurring twice a
year. lky esa nks ckj gksus okyk vr% ,d desultory conversation, oks conversation gksxk tks
aimlessly ,d topic ls nwljs topic ij jump djrk jgrk gSA
v Biennial- (Bi - two + enn - years + ial) adj - Occurring o n c e
every two years. nks lky esa ,d ckj gksus okyk v Insult - jumping on him
;fn vki fdlh dh insult djrs gks rks vki figuratively ml ij
Strategy (ii) Think and Associate dwn iM+rs gksA
Although the English language contains hundreds of thousands v
Resilient - jump back (re → back) to its original state
of words, you will discover that many groups of words are related
;fn dksbZ substance 'resilient' gS rks [khapus ds ckn iqu% viuh
in meaning, because they developed from a common root.
original state esa vk tk;sXkkA
When you recognize that a group of words share a common root,
you will more easily remember the entire group. v
Exultant - jumping out of (ex → out) your skin with joy
Psychologists have shown that when one associates an unfamiliar ;fn vki exultant mood esa gSa rks vki [kq'kh ds ekjs jump dj
word with a familiar one, the learning is more permanent, jgs gSaA
looking at the root and seeing other words in the same family, the
student can better associate, and therefore, better remember the v
Somersault - to lead or jump while turning the heels
meaning of the root. over head (Supra → somer → above)

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XIII
 ;fn vki somersault djrs gSa rks vki ground dks touch fd;s vr% commiseration dk vFkZ gqvk & sharing of misery; feel
fcuk heels over head dwnrs gSaA sorrow, regret or compassion for through sympathy vr% lgh
answer gksxk option (c) Sympathy
v
Assault - a jumping toward
Prefix (com-) rFkk (Key word Misery) suffix (-tion) dh help ls ge
bl izdkj Roots dh help ls ge cgqr de le; esa cgqr lkjs
commiseration dh spelling Hkh ;kn j[k ldrs gSaA
words dks ;kn dj ysaxs rFkk yEcs le; rd mUgsa viuh
memory esa cuk;s j[ksaxsA Q. 4 Antonym of Appease
(a) Pacify (b) Soothe
Roots, prefixes and suffixes dh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh word ds
(c) Praise (d) Anger
meaning dks le> ldrsa gSaA blds fy, ge bl word esa vk;s gq, root
ls feyrs&tqyrs fdlh vU; word dks associate djrs gSasA Explanatory Answer:

Q.1 Synonym of Jocular Option (d) Anger is correct

(a) Humorous (b) Changing Key word for association → Peace

(c) Unconscious (d) Antagonistic Appease dk vFkZ gksrk gS & ßfdlh anger ;k agitation dks de djukAÞ
Explanatory Answer: vr% blds Antonyms gksaxs & Annoy, Infuriate, Inflame, Anger,
Option (a) Humorous is correct. Violent or Incense.
Jocular ls feyrk tqyrk word gS & Joke Q.5 Antonym of Fortitude

vr% ;gka key word for association gqvk & Joke (a) Courage (b) Cowardice

Jocular dk meaning gksrk gS & Joking, Funny, Humorous. (c) Bravery (d) Calm
Explanatory Answer:
Q.2 Synonym of 'Statis'
Option (b) Cowardice is correct.
(a) Fluctuations (b) Stability
(c) Neglectful (d) Silent Key word for association → Fort, Fortify (to make something

Explanatory Answer: strong)

Option (b) Stability is correct. vr% Fortitude dk vFkZ gksxk 'Mind dh strength tks fdlh person dks
pain ;k hardship dks lgu djus dh {kerk nsrk gSA
Key word for association → Static or Stationary

Statis dk vFkZ gS & Firmness, Equilibrium, Stability, Balance blds Antonyms → Cowardice, Timidity etc.
Q. 3. Synonym of commiseration
(a) Permanent (b) Truthful
Strategy (iii) Repeat and Retain
(c) Sympathy (c) Luxurious Words dks viuh long term memory esa ys tkus ds fy, bUgsa ckj&ckj
use djuk vko';d gSaA viuh writing and spoken esa bu u;s words dks
Explanatory Answer:
t:j 'kkfey djsaA rFkk periodically ;kn fd;s gq, lHkh words dks
Option (c) Sympathy is correct.
Revise djrs jgsaA
gks ldrk gSa vki esa cgqr ls cPps bl word dk meaning ugha tkurs gksA
Use the new word every chance you get; Dare to be repetitious. If
bl word easa “Key element” dks find djus dh dksf'k'k djsaA
you don't keep new knowledge in shape, you won't keep it all.
Commiseration → com + misera + tion One Last Tip : Use it or lose it !
Com → prefix ( com→with, together) The more you can work your new vocabulary into your daily
speech and writing, The more you'll remember it.
misera→ Key element (Root)
;k rks u;s lh[ks x;s words dks use djsa ;k os vkidh memory ls xk;c
tion → Noun suffix
gks tk;saxsA
vc misera dks associate djus dh dksf'k'k djsaxs rks ;g misery dh ;kn
Words dksvius Lo;a ds 'kCnksa esa define djus dh dksf'k'k djsa] tc vki
fnykrk gSA vr% ;gka Misery Key word gS ftlls associate djuk gSaA
fdlh word dks vius Lo;a ds 'kCnksa esa define djus yx tk;saxs rks vki
Misery ,d common word gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS& “Great suffering ml word dks dHkh ugha HkwysaxsA
or unhappiness, ?kksj fujk'kk ;k O;FkkÞ
Word power c<+kus dk lcls effective method ;gh gS fd igys word

Misery, Latin ds root “Miseria” ls cuk gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS -

dks le>k tk;s fQj association ls mls ;kn fd;k tk;s vkSj fQj viuh
reading esa ml word dks <wa<k tk;sA bls ,d mnkgj.k ls le>rs gSa & ;fn vkius
Wretchedness, Pitiable.”
dksbZ ubZ Bike [kjhnh gS rks tYn gh vki notice djrs gSa fd lM+d ij oks
v Miser - One who hoards wealth and spends as little money
Bike vkidks ckj&ckj fn[kus yxrh gSa] vki ns[krs gSa fd cgqr ls nwljs yksxksa
as possible.
ds ikl Hkh oks Bike gSaA
v Miserable - Very unhappy or uncomfortable Go after a word the way James Bond went after the antagonists
Prefix (com dk vFkZ gksrk gS & with, together) Mr. Big & Dr. Julius No.

XIV
 1. Test Your Present Vocabulary

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XV

 a=Antonym, r=Red herring, = Definition (Synonym)

Test score : 95-100 (Superior), 81-94 (Excellent), 71-80 (Good), 61-70 (Above average), 33-60 (Average), 0-32 (Below average)

XVI
Understanding your performance :
The meaning of your score Raja Sir us fiNys 17 o"kksZa ds nkSjku Vedic Maths dh thought process
Test score Meaning ij cgqr research fd;k gS rFkk Maths ds i<+us & i<+kus dk fcYdqy ,d u;k
95-100 Superior vankt is'k fd;k gSA Sir, lHkh Questions dks Basic ds lkFk & lkFk NEON
81-94 Excellent Approach ls Hkh solve djokrs gSa rkfd vki exam esa cgqr gh fast speed
71-80 Good
61-70 Above average
ls Maths ds Questions dks solve dj nsaxsA
33-60 Average
0-32 Below Average SSC CGL Mains Maths
;fn vkidk score Average ;k Below Average gS rks fu#Rlkfgr uk gks A (28 Sets) dh Complete
;g Book vkids fy, gh fy[kh xbZ gS bls eSusa fiNys 13 o"kksZa dh esgur ls
rS;kj fd;k gSA Book Free PDF ds fy,
vkidh Vocabulary dks de le; esa superior cukus ds fy, Prefixes, QR Code Scan djs a A
Roots and Suffixes dk ;g dissection method cgqr help djsxkA
bl Book dks viuh Vocabulary dh Bible, Hkxon~xhrk ds :i esa le>sa]
lEeku nsa vkSj consistency ds lkFk hard work djsaA cl dqN gh le; dh Vedic Maths dh bl dks lh[kus ds fy, vki NEON
thought process
ckr gS vkSj vki Hkh Vocabulary ds vtZqu cu tk,axs] tks fdlh Hkh word Classes dk Youtube Channel Hkh vkt gh join dj ysa rFkk
dk lgh meaning crkus dh dkfcfy;r j[ksxkA CGL Mains (2010-2022) ds lHkh 32 sets ds best solution tkuus ds fy,
Vocabulary lh[kus dk vkidk lQj cgqr gh vkuUnnk;d vkSj lqgkouk gks] Sir dh Book Hkh purchase dj ldrs gSaA
;gh dkeuk gSA SSC CGL Mains English
Explanatory Answers
Q.1 Miniature replica of the Taj Mahal
(09 Sets) Complete dh
(a) Prototype (b) duplicate (c) original (d) portrayal Book Free PDF ds fy,
Answer : a üa r
Explanation → bl question esa Pink colour ds Italicized word dh QR Code Scan djsaA
definition (or synonym) dks find djuk gSA
Replica → A copy exact in all details
Synonyms→ Carbon copy, Clone, Counterpart, Duplicate,
Free
Facsimile
Antonyms → Original, Prototype, Genuine article, Archetype
Sample PDF of
bu questions esa options dks bl izdkj
options antonyms gSA 1 option definition (synonym) gS
design fd;k x;k gS fd 2
rFkk 1 option
Jumbled PQRS
Red herring gSA
Antonym → a
Definition (Synonym) → 
Free
Red herring → r Sample PDF of
Red herring dk vFkZ gksrk gS& “/;ku HkVdkus okyh phtA”
Red herring ,d fish gksrh gS ftls dogs dks hunting dh training nsrs le; Cloze Test
mudk /;ku HkVdkus ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk FkkA
Red herring okyk option, lgh answer ls students dk /;ku HkVdkus ds
NEON Classes dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh gekjk mÌs';
fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA T;knkrj students tc xyr answer mark djrs gSa rks oks
jgk gS fd ge Hkkjro"kZ ds djksM+ksa cPpksa ds Hkfo"; dks
option generally red herring gh gksrk gSA vkSj students bl red
mTToy cukus ds fy, gj laHko dksf'k'k djsaA blh
herring okys option esa rFkk lgh answer esa gh confuse gksrs gSa D;ksafd oks nks mÌs'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, gekjs }kjk Complete
options rks easily eliminate dj nsrs gSaA Books dh free pdfs Hkh provide djokbZ xbZ gSA
bl rjg vki ,d gh Question esa 2 Antonyms, 1 Synonym, 1 Red bu free pdfs dks access djus ds fy, vki gekjs
herring lh[k jgs gSaA App (NEON Classes) dks Hkh download dj ldrs
NEON Classes esa geus complete study material rFkk NEON Classes gSaA
dh lHkh Books dks blh izdkj cgqr research ls rS;kj fd;k gSA Neon
classes dh Books rFkk study material fdlh Hkh government job dks ikus
Telegram Channel (NEON Classes) ij Hkh
ds fy, Best resources gSA SSC, Bank rFkk Railway ds ds
previous year
Raja Sir (Income Tax Inspector, AIR – 24, SSC CGL 2011) dh Maths Questions dh NEON Approach ds lkFk
dh Book rFkk study material (SSC CGL, CHSL Pre/Mains dh free solution dh pdf nh xbZ gS] mUgsa Hkh download dj
PDFs) Hkh blh rjg cgqr research ds lkFk rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA Raja Sir dks ysa rFkk viuh rS;kjh dks iwjs tksj & 'kksj ls vkxs
Maths i<+kus dk 17 years dk experience gS rFkk gj level (CAT, GMAT, c<+k;saA vkSj ,d vPNh Govt. Job izkIr djds vius
UPSC CSAT, SSC & Bank, Railways) ij Sir us cgqr gh 'kkunkj ekrk&firk dk uke jks'ku djsa] vkids mTtoy
concepts ds lkFk i<+k;k gSA Hkfo"; dh 'kqHkdkeuk,sa!

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XVII
 2. Test Your Vocabulary Range

XVIII
 a=Antonym, r=Red herring, = Definition (Synonym)

Test score : 95-100 (Superior), 81-94 (Excellent), 71-80 (Good), 61-70 (Above average), 33-60 (Average), 0-32 (Below average)

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XIX
 Developing your Vocabulary Through

Prefixes, Roots & Suffixes

That can give you the meaning

of over 2,00,000 words

Linguistic studies ds vuqlkj]

Approximately 60% English words, Latin and Greek ls derived gSaA ;s Prefixes , Roots
and Suffixes dh list vocabulary dks Quick and Easy rjhds ls inhance djus esa cgqr
helpful jgsxhA

Roots English language ds building blocks gSaA ;s Prefixes, Roots and Suffixes, Greek
vkSj Latin words ds part gSaA ;s Roots vkidks fdlh word ds meaning rFkk ml word dh
spelling convention dks le>us esa lgk;d gksaxsA bl Book esa lHkh Prefixes and Suffixes
dks Hkh roots gh consider fd;k x;k gSA

;fn vki dsoy bu Roots dks Hkh learn dj ysrs gSa rks Hkh gtkjksa] yk[kksa words ls familiar gks
tk;saxs tks fd regularly vkids lkeus vkrs gSa] pkgs Newspaper esa ;k vkids fdlh exam ds
reading comprehension section esasA cgqr ls exams esa rks One Word Substitution,
Synonyms & Antonyms direct gh iwNs tkrs gSaA

bu Roots dk knowledge vkidks fdlh word ds meaning dks

;kn j[kus esa rFkk u;s words ds
meaning dks guess djus esa cgqr help djsxkA viuh Reading vocabulary dks immensely
increase djus ds fy, Roots dh bl list dks cgqr vPNs ls learn djsa vkSj vki ns[ksaxs fd u;s
words ds meaning dks Hkh vki 4 options esa ls identify dj ysaxsA

bl list esa
vk;s gq, Roots dks jVus dh dksf'k'k uk djsa dsoy Read & Understand djsaA fdlh
root ls tks word lcls common use okyk gS] mls pink djds fn;k x;k gS rkfd vki bl
Root ds cluster dks bl pink word ls associate djds ;kn j[k ldsaA

Prefixes, Roots and Suffixes dh ;s list vkidks 2]00]000 ls Hkh T;knk word ds meaning
dks le>us esa helpful jgsxhA
A NEON Prefix-Root-Suffix list that gives you the meaning of over 2,00,000 words.
INDEX
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
01. a/an (Greek) - without, Abysmal, Abyss, Acarpous, Acentric, Acephalous, Achromatic, Acyclic, Adamant, Agnosia,
not, negative Agnostic, Agonic, Agraphia, Alexia, Ambrosia, Amnesia, Amnesty, Amoral, Amorphous,
Anaemia, Analgesia, Analgesic, Anarchic, Anarchist, Anarchy, Anecdote, Anodyne, Anomalous, 01
Anomaly, Anonym, Anorexia, Anosmia, Apathy, Aphasia, Aphonia, Aphotic, Apnea/Apnoea,
Aseptic, Asocial, Asylum, Asymmetry, Asynchronous, Atheist, Atom, Atrophy, Atypical
02. a (Latin) - on Aboard, Abroad, Afire, Aflame, Akin, Aloof, Amiss, Amuse, Around, Ashamed,
03
Ashore, Atop, Awry
03. a - down, aside, Abode, Allay 03
intensifier
04. ab/abs - Off, Abhor, Abjure, Ablution, Abominate, Abound, Abscond, Absent, Absently, Absolution,
03
away from, apart, Absorb, Absorption, Abstain, Abstemious, Abstinent, Abstract, Abstruse, Absurd,
down Abundance, Advance, Aversion, Avocation
05. abbas - father Abba, Abbess, Abbey, Abbot. 04
06. abil - handy Ability, Able, Ably, Disability, Disable, Disabled, Inability, Unable 05
07. abol - destroy, get rid of Abolish, Abolition, Abolitionism, Abolitionist 05
08. ac/acr/acu - sharp, bitter Acerbic, Acerbity, Acid, Acidulate, Acrid, Acrimonious, Acumen, Acute, Eager,
05
Eagerness, Excerbate
09. ac/ad/af/ag/al/an/ap/ar/ Abandon, Abate, Abatement, Abet, Abeyance, Abutting, Accentuate, Accentuating, Accept,
as/at - to forward, Acceptable, Acceptance, Acclimatize, Accolade, Accommodate, Accomplish,
to, toward, near Accomplishment, Accord, Accost, Accountant, Accretion, Accrue, Accumulate,
Acquisition, Acquit, Adapt, Addict, Addition, Adduce, Adhere, Adherent, Adit, Adjacent,
Adjoin, Adjoining, Adjunct, Adjure, Administer, Admirable, Admiration, Admire, Admit,
Adolescence, Adoptive, Adore, Adored, Adulterate, Adventurous, Adverb, Advice, Advocate, 06
Affliction, Affront, Agglomerative, Aggregation, Agreeable, Agreement, Aid,
Alignment, Allegation, Allocate, Allow, Alloy, Allure, Alluring, Amenable, Amusing, Annexation,
Announce, Annul, Appal, Appalling, Apparent, Apparently, Apparition, Appear,
Appearance, Appertain, Applaud, Applause, Apply, Appreciate, Appreciation, Apprehend,
Apprehended, Appropriate, Approve, Approved, Arraign, Arraignment, Arrival, Ascent,
Aspiration, Assault, Assemble, Assembly, Asserted, Asserting, Assertion, Asset, Assiduity,
Assiduous, Assignment, Assimilate, Assist, Assistance, Associate, Assuage, Assumption,
Attachment, Attempt, Attendance, Attention, Attentive, Attractive, Avow.
10. acknow - acknowledge, Acknowledge, Unacknowledged
11
admit, confess
11. acro -high, extremity, tip Acrobat, Acrobatics, Acrocarpous, Acrolect, Acronym, Acrophobia, Acropolis, Acrostic 11
12. act - do Act, Action, Activate, Active, Activity, Actor, Actual, Exact, Inaction, Inactive,
12
Proactive, React, Reaction, Transaction
13. add - attach to, add, Addendum, Additionally, Additive 12
give to
14. adulari-fawn on, to flatter Adulation 12
15. aenigma/ainos - riddle, Enigma, Enigmatic
tale, story, proverb
12
16. aer - air Aerial, Aerobatics, Aerobic, Aerodrome, Aerodynamics, Aeronaut, Aeroplane, Aerosol 12
17. aesthet - feel, perceive Aesthete/Esthete, Aesthetic/Esthetic, Aesthetics / Esthetics, Anesthetic/, Anaesthetic 13
18. aev/ev - age, era, time Coeval, Longevity, Medieval/ Mediaeval, Primeval 13
19. affect - influenced, Affect, Affectation, Affected, Affectionate, Affective, Disaffect, Disaffected, Unaffected
13
strongly moved
20. ag/agi/agita - to do, Agenda, Agent, Agile, Agility, Agitate, Agitation, Cogent, Exigent, Litigate, Prodigal
to drive, to force, to lead
13
21. agger - heap up Exaggerate 14
22. agog/agogue - leader, Anagoge, Demagogue, Hynagogue, Mystagogue, Pedagogue, Pedagogy, Synagogue
14
to lead
23. agon - contest, struggle, Agon, Agonize, Agony, antagonism, antagonist, antagonistic, antagonize, protagonist 14
conflict
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
24. agora/egor - assembly Agorphobia, Allegorical, Allegory, Categorical, Categorize, Category, Panegyric 15
25. agr - field, country Agrarian, Agrarianism, Agricultural, Agriculturalist, Agriculture, Agriculturist,
15
Peregrination
26. agreer - to please, agree Disagree, Disagreeable 15
27. al - cause to grow, feed, Aliment, Alimony, Alma Mater, Alumna, Alumnus, Coalesce, Coalescence, Coalescent,
15
nourish Coalition
28. al / ali / alter - other, Alias, Alibi, Alien, Alienate, Allegory, Alter, Altercation, Alter-ego, Alternate, Alternative, 16
another Altruism, Altruist, Altruistic, Unalienable
29. alacer - brisk, cheerful Alacrity 16
30. alb - dull white Alb, Albedo, Albescent, Albinism, Albino, Albumen 16
31. alpin - alps, mountains Alpine, Alpinism, Alpinist 17
32. alt/altus - high Altar, Altiloquent, Altimeter, Altitude, Alto, Exaltation, Exalted, Haughtiness, Haughty 17
33. am / em - love Amateur, Amatory, Amiable, Amicable, Amicus curiae, Amity, Amorous, Amour propre,
17
Enamored, Enemy, Paramour
34. amalgamat - formed Amalgam, Amalgamate
18
into a soft mass
35. amb / ambul - to go, Amble, Ambulance, Ambulant, Ambulatory, Circumambulate, Perambulate,
18
to walk Perambulator, Preamble, Somnambulist
36. ambi/amphi - both, Ambidextrous, Ambience/ambiance, Ambient, Ambiguity, Ambiguous, Ambit, Ambition,
on both sides, Ambitious, Ambivalent, Ambivert, Amphibian, Amphibology, Amphitheatar, 18
surrounding, around Amphivorous, Amphora, Amputate, Circumambient, Disambiguate
37. amp/ampl - large, Ample, Amplification, Amplifier, Amplifies, Amplify, Amplitude
19
abundant
38. ana - again, against, Anabaptist, Anachronism, Anagram, Analogous, Analogue, Analysis, Ananym,
backwards, up, Anaphora, Anaphylaxis, Anathema, Anion, Anode 19
throughout
39. andr/andro - man, male Androgen, Androgynous, Android, Androphobia, Misandry, Monandry, Philander,
20
Philanderer, Polyandry
40. anemos - wind Anemometer, Anemone 20
41. ang/anx - to choke, Anger, Angst, Anguish, Anguished, Anxiety, Anxious
20
distress, vex
42. ang/ank - to bend Anchor, Angle, Ankle 21
43. angle/angul - corner Angular, Quadrangle, Rectangle, Triangular 21
44. anim - breath, life, mind, Animadvert, Animate, Animation, Animism, Animosity, Animus, Equanimity, Inanimate,
21
soul, spirit Magnaimity, Magnanimous, Pusillanimous, Reanimate, Unanimous
45. ann - year Annal, Annalist, Annals, Anniversary, Annual, Annuity, Biannual, Semiannual, Superannuated 21
46. ante - before Ancestor, Ancestry, Ancient, Ante-meridiem, Antemortem, Antebellum, Antecede, Antecedent,
22
Antecessor, Antechamber, Antedate, Antediluvian, Antenatal, Antenuptial, Anterior
47. anth - flower Anther, Anthology 22
48. anthrax - coal Anthracite, Anthrax 22
49. anthrop - human Anthropoid, Anthropomorphic 22
50. anti - against, opposed to Antagonize, Anti-aircraft, Antibiotic, Anticlimax, Antidote, Antifreeze, Antipathy,
23
Antiseptic, Antislavery, Antithesis, Antithetical
51. antic / antiq - old Antic, Antics, Antiquarian, Antiquary, Antiquate, Antiquated, Antique, Antiquity 23
52. apart - to separate Apartheid, Apartment 23
53. apert / overt - Opened Aperture, Overt, Overtly, Overture, Pert 23
54. apex - summit, peak, Apex
24
tip, top, extreme end
55. apo - away from, off, Aphorism, Apobiotic, Apocalypse, Apocenter, Apocope, Apocrine, Apocrypha, Apodictic,
separate Apogee, Apologist, Apoplexy, Apostasy, Apostate, Apostle, Apostrophe, Apotheosis 24
56. apt / ept - skill, fitness, Adapt, Adept, Apt, Aptitude, Inept
24
ability
57. aqua - water Aqua fortis, Aqua pura, Aqua regia, Aquaculture, Aquamarine, Aquanaut, Aquarium,
25
Aquarius, Aquatic, Aqueduct, Aqueous, Aquifer, Island, Terraqueous
58. ar - plow, till, be dry Arable, Arid 25
59. arbitr - judge, mediator Arbitrary, Arbitrate, Arbitrator 25
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
60. arbor - tree Arbor, Arboreal, Arboretum, Arboriculture, Arborvitae 25
61. arc-chest, coffer, restrain Arcane, Ark, Coerce, Coercive 25
62. arch/archaeo - chief, Anarchy, Archaeology, Archaeopteryx, Archaic, Archangel, Archbishop, Archenemy,
first, ancient, rule, Archetype, Archipelago, Archive, Autarchy, Diarchy/Dyarchy, Gynarchy, Hierarchy, 26
government Matriarch, Monarchy, Oligarchy, Patriarch, Thearchy
63. ard - burn, be on fire Ardency, Ardent, Ardor, Arid, Arson 26
64. arena/arene-sand, sandy Arena
26
place (harena place of combat)
65. argu - make clear, prone Argue, Argument
26
accuse
66. -arium/-orium/-ary Apiary, Aquarium, Auditorium, Crematorium, Mortuary, Natatorium, Piscary,
27
(suffix) - a place for Planetarium, Scriptorium, Solarium, Terrarium, Vivarium
67. aroma-sweet spice/odor Aroma, Aromatherapy, Aromatic 27
68. art - skill, craft Art, Artful, Artifact/Artefact, Artifice, Artificial, Artisan, Artless, Inertia 27
69. arthr - joint Arthritis, Arthropod 28
70. articul-to divide into Articulate, Inarticulate
28
small joints, speak clearly
71. asketes - monk, hermit Ascetic, Asceticism 28
72. asper - rough, harsh, Asperity, Exasperate, Exasperating, Exasperation
roused to anger
28
73. astro/aster - star Aster, Asterisk, Asterism, Asteroid, Astrologer, Astrology, Astronaut, Astronomy,
28
Astrophysicist, Disaster, Disastrous
74. astus - craft Astute 29
75. athlon - prize, Athlete, Biathlon, Decathlon, Heptathlon, Tetrathlon, Triathlon
29
contest
76. atroc - cruel Atrocious, Atrocity 29
77. auc/aug/aux - to increase Auction, Augment, Augmentation, August, Auxiliary 29
78. aud/audit/audio-to hear Audible, Audience, Audiology, Audiometry, Audit, Audition, Auditor, Auditory, Inaudible 29
79. audac - bold, daring, Audacious, Audacity 30
brave
80. augur - diviner, seer Augur, Augury, Inaugural, Inauguration 30
81. aur - relating to gold Aureate, Aureole 30
82. auri - relating to the ear Auricle 30
83. austeros - bitter, harsh Austere, Austerity 30
84. auth - author, principal, Authentic, Authentically, Authenticate, Author, Author, Authoritarian, Authoritative,
30
genuine Authority, Authorization, Authorize, Authorship, Unauthorized
85. auto - self Autobiography, Autocracy, Autocrat, Autograph, Automatic, Automation, Automobile,
31
Autonomy, Autopsy
86. av / avaritia / avarice / Avarice, Avaricious, Avid, Avidity
31
avere - desire, be eager
87. avant/van -before, Advantage, Avant, Avant-grade, Van, Vanguard, Vantage Point
31
in front of, forward
88. avi/ avis - bird Auspicious, Avian, Aviary, Aviation, Aviator, Aviculture, Avionics 32
89. axiom/axios - worthy Axiom, Axiomatic 32
B
90. bac - rod shaped Bacilla, Bacteria 32
91. balar/ ballere -to dance Ballad, Balladeer, Ballet, Ballroom 32
92. ban- ban, proclamation, Ban, Banal, Bandit, Banish, Contraband 32
forbid
93. bar-weight, heavy, pressure Bar, Baritone, Barograph, Barometer 33
94. bar/barra - barrier, Barrage, Barren, Barrette, Barrier, Barring, Debar, Disbar, Embargo, Embarrassing,
to stop, to bar Embarrassment 33
95. barbarous / barbarus / Barbaric, Barbarous, Brave, Bravery
bravo - foreign, 33
uncivilized, bold
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
96. barraca - soldier's tent, Barracks 33
cabin, hut
97. barriclus / baril - small Barrel, Barricade
33
cask
98. bas - step Baseball, Baseless, Basic, basically, Basis 34
99. bas/bassus - low, short Abase, Basal, Base, Basement, Baseness, Basset, Bassoon, Debase 34
100. basilikos / basilica / Basil, Basilica
34
basileus - royal, king
101. bat/batter - to beat, Abate, Abattoir, Bated, Battering, Battery, Combatant, Combative, Debatable, Debate,
34
to fight, to strike (pound) Rebate, Unabated
102. be - thoroughly, Bedraggle, Beget, Beguile, Bequeath, Bequest, Bereft, Beseech, Bewilder 35
intensifier, about, around
103. beffer -mock, deceive Baffle, Bafflement, Baffling 35
104. bell - war Antebellum, Bellicose, Belligerent, Cobelligerent, Postbellum, Rebel, Rebellion, Rebellious,
35
Revel
105. bellow / bylgan - Bellow 36
to sound, roar
106. bellus -pretty, beautiful, Bauble, Beauty, Beldam, Belladonna, Belle, Belles-lettres, Belletrist, Belvedere, Bibelot, 36
handsome Dowsabel, Embellish, Unembellished
107. ben/benna - basket, cart Bin, Dustbin 36
108. bene - good, well Benediction, Benefactor, Benefactress, Beneficent, Beneficial, Beneficiary, Benefit,
36
Benevolence, Benevolent, Benign, Benignant, Benison
109. berr - bear Berserk 37
110. bi/bin - two, twice Biannual, Biathlon, Biaxial, Bicameral, Bicentennial, Bicephalous, Biceps, Bicoastal,
Bicuspid, Bicycle, Bidentate, Bidirectional, Biennial, Bifocal, Bifurcate, Bigamy, 37
Bilabial, Bilateral, Bilingual, Billion, Bimanual, Bimonthly, Binary, Binocular, Binomial,
Bipartisan, Bipartite, Biped, Bipolar, Biracial, Bisect, Bisexual, Biweekly, Biyearly
111. bible/biblio - book Bible, Biblical, Biblicist, Biblio, Bibliography, Bibliolatry, Bibliomancy, Bibliomania, 38
Bibliophile, Bibliophobia
112. bio - life Abiogenesis, Abiotic, Biodata, Biodiversity, Biography, Biology, Biopsy 38
113. biter - harsh Bitter, Bitterness 38
114. bland - soft Bland, Blandishment 38
115. blasphemia - slander Blaspheme, Blasphemous, Blasphemy 38
116. blautr - soft, flabby Bloat, Bloated 39
117. bol - throw Diabolic, Diabolical, Hyperbola, Hyperbole, Metabolism, Parable, Parabola, Symbol,
39
Symbolize
118. bolir / bullire - to boil, Ebullient, Ebullism, Parboil
bubble up, gush
39
119. bon/ bonus - good Bonafide, Bonanza, Bonhomie, Bonjour, Bonny, Bonus, Bounteous, Bountiful, Bounty, Debonair 39
120. boost/bost - pride, Boast, Boost
40
puff up, swell
121. botan - plant Botany, Botanist 40
122. boter /bouter/but - Abut, Butt, Buttress, Rebut, Rebuttal
40
end, strike, push
123. bov / bous - ox Bovine, Bucolic 40
124. bracchia/brakhion - Brace, Bracelet, Embrace
40
an arm, forearm
125. brat - rough garment, Brat
rag 40
126. bri / brev - brief, short Abbreviate, Abbreviation, Abridge, Abridgement, Brevity, Brief 40
127. brutus - heavy, dull, Brutal, Brutality, Brutally, Brute
41
insensible, savage
128. burgus/burgeis - castle, Bourgeois, Burgher
41
town dweller
129. burse/bursa - bag, pouch, Bursar, Bursary, Bursiform, Bursitis, Disburse, Reimburse
purse, leather, 41
to get money
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
C 01-01
130. caval/caballo/chival- Cavalcade, Cavalier, Cavalier, Cavalry, Chivalrous, Chivlry 42
horse
131. caco/kako - bad Cacodemon, Cacoethes, Cacogen, Cacogenics, Cacographer, Cacography, Cacology,
42
Caconym, Cacophonous, Cacophony, Cacotopia
132. cad / cid / cas - to fall Accident, Accidental, Cadaver, Cadaverous, Cadence, Cadenza, Cascade, Case, Casual,
Casually, Casuistry, Casus belli, Decadence, Decay, Deciduous, Occasion, Occasional, 42
Occasionally
133. celib - unmarried Celibacy, Celibate 43
134. caelum- heaven, sky Celestial 43
135. calos/kallos - beauty Calisthenics, Calligrapher, Calligraphy, Kaleidoscope 43
136. calx, calc - to kick, heel Calcaneus, Recalcitrant 43
137. calid - heat, hot, Caloric, Calorie, Cauldron, Chafe, Chauffeur, Chowder, Nonchalant, Scald
43
cooking pot, warm
138. callum/callus - Callous
44
hard skin, thick skinned
139. calme/cauma/kauma - Calm
heat of the mid-day sun; 44
quiet, fair weather
140. calu /calvus - bald, bare, Callow
44
naked
141. calumnia/calvi - Calumny, Challenge, Challenging
44
slander, trickery
142. camera - vault, chamber Bicameral, Camera, Comrade, Unicameral 44
143. can - know Canny, Cunning, Keen, Keenness, Uncanny 45
144. cand - burn, white Candid, Candidate, Candle, Candour, Chandler, Incandescent, Incendiary 45
145. canis - dog Canine, Chenille, Cynosure, Kennel 45
146. canon - rule Canon, Canonical, Canonize 46
147. cant/cent/chant - Accent, Canticle, Canto, Cantor, Chant, Enchant, Incantation, Incentive, Recant 46
to sing, charm, song
148. cap/cip/cept - to take, Accept, Anticipate, Anticipation, Capable, Capacious, Captivate, Captivating, Captive,
to get, catch Captivity, Captor, Capture, Conception, Deception, Deceptive, Emancipate, Imperceptible,
46
Imperceptibly, Incipient, Intercept, Participate, Percipient, Precept, Recapitulate,
Recapture, Receive, Receptacle, Reception, Receptive, Recipient, Susceptible
149. capit - head Cadet, Cap, Capital, Capitulate, Captain, Decapitate, Precipitate, Precipitation 48
150. cara/ kara - sorrow, Careful, Carefulness, Careless
48
trouble, care
151. Carcin - Cancer Carcinogenic, Carcinoma 48
152. card/cardi/cord/cour - Accord, Concord, Concordance, Cordial, Courage, Discord, Encourage, Encouraging
48
heart
153. cardinal - principal, Cardinal
chief, essential
49
154. carmen - song, verse, Charm, Charmed, Charms
49
incantation
155. carn/carni/caro - flesh, Cannibal, Carcass, Carnage, Carnal, Carnation, Carnival, Carnivore, Carnivorous,
49
meat Carrion, Charnel house, Incarnadine, Incarnation, Reincarnation
156. carrus - wheeled vehicle Career, Carries, Discharge 49
157. carta /chart - sheet of Card, Cardboard, Cartel, Cartographer, Cartography, Carton, Cartoon, Cartridge,
49
paper, papyrus leaf Chart, Chart, Charter, Discard, Postcard, Uncharted
158. carus - dear Caress, Charitable, Charity 50
159. casa - hut, cottage, Casino 50
cabin, house
160. casse - ladle, pan, Casserole, Cassoulet
50
stew pan, vessel
161. cast/chaste/chastic - Castigate, Chaste, Chasten, Chastise, Chastisement, Chastity, Unchaste
pure, without stain, 50
cut off (from faults)
S.No. Root Word
162. cata - down, against,
completely
163. cathedra / kathedra /
hedra - side, seat, base,
chair
164. caud/cauda - tail of
an animal
165. caust / kaust - burnt,
red hot
166. caut - beware of ,
take heed
167. cava - hollow
168. cede / ceed / cess /
cedere - to go, give way,
yield, cease
169. ceit/ceiv - to take
170. céler / celare - to hide,
conceal
171. cele / celer - swift, hasten Accelerate, Acceleration, Decelerate, Deceleration
172. celeb/celebr-frequented Celebrant, Celebrate, Celebration, Celebrity
or honoured
173. cella - storeroom or
chamber
174. cens / censor - judge,
assess, estimate
175. cent/centi - hundred
176. centr - center
177. cern/cree/creet/cret - to
separate, sift, distinguish Excrement, Excrete, Excretion, Indiscreet, Indiscretion, Secret, Secretarial, Secretary,
178. cert - compete, strive,
contend
179. cert - sure
180. chas - take, seize
181. chasm/chaos - vast
chasm, void
182. charisma/kharisma -
favor, divine gift, beauty,
kindness
183. chiev - head
184. chiro - hand
185. chol/colere - bile, gall,
anger
186. choreia/chorus-dancing
187. chrom / khroma-color,
complexion, character
188. chron/chrono - time
189. cide - to kill
Examples Page No.
Catabolism, Cataclysm, Catafalque, Catalepsy, Catalog/Catalogue, Catalyst, Catapult,
50
Cataract, Catarrh, Catastrophe, Catatonia, Category
Cathedral, Ex cathedra, Polyhedron, Tetrahedron
51
Caudal, Caudate, Caudiform, Coda, Coward, Cowardice, Cowardly, Queue 51
Caustic, Cauterize, Holocaust 51
Caution, Cautionary, Cautious, Cautiously, Cautiousness, Precaution, Precautionary 51
Cave, Cavern, Cavernous, Cavity, Concave, Excavate, Vena cava 52
Abscess, Accede, Access, Accessibility, Accessible, Accession, Accessory, Ancestor, Ancestry,
Antecede, Antecedent, Cease, Ceded, Cessation, Cession, Concede, Concession, Concessive,
Deceased, Exceed, Excess, Excessive, Inaccessible, Incessant, Intercede, Necessarily, 52
Necessitate, Necessitous, Necessity, Precede, Precedent, Precedence, Predecessor, Proceed,
Proceeding, Process, Procession, Recess, Recession, Retrocede/Recede, Secede, Succeed,
Success, Successor
Conceivable, Conceive, Deceit, Deceitful, Deceive, Deceiver, Inconceivable, Misconceive,
54
Perceivable, Perceive, Preconceive, Receive, Undeceive
Ceiling, Concealed
54
54
55
Cell, Cellar, Cellular, Cellulite 55
Censor, Censorship, Censure, Census, Uncensored
55
Centenarian, Centennial, Centigrade, Centimeter, Centipede, Century 55
Anthropocentric, Central, Centralize, Concentrate, Concentrated, Concentration,
56
Concentric, Decentralize, Eccentric, Eccentricity, Egocentric, Egocentrism
Concerned, Decree, Discern, Decretal, Discreet, Discrete, Discretion, Discretionary,
56
Secrete, Secretion, Secretive
Concert, Concerted, Concerto, Disconcert, Disconcerting 57
Ascertain, Ascertained, Certain, Certainty, Certes, Certifiable, Certificate, Certification,
57
Certify, Certitude, Certiorari, Uncertain
Chase, Chassis, Purchase, Purchaser, Purchasing 57
Chaos, Chaotic, Chasm
58
Charismatic
58
Achieve, Mischievous 58
Chirocracy, Chirognomy, Chirograph, Chirology, Chirography, Chironomy, Chiropody,
58
Chiromancy
Choler, Cholera, Choleric, Cholesterol
58
Choreography, Chorister, Chorus, Terpsichore 58
Achromatic, Chromatic, Chromatography, Chrome, Chromium, Chromosome,
58
Monochrome
Anachronism, Asynchronous, Chronic, Chronicle, Chronograph, Chronology,
Chronometer, Chronoscope, Crony, Dendrochronology, Synchronic, Synchronize, 59
Synchronous
Algaecide, Avicide, Fratricide, Genocide, Germicide, Herbicide, Homicide, Infanticide,
Insecticide, Mariticide, Matricide, Ovicide, Parricide, Patricide, Pesticide, Regicide, 59
Sororicide, Suicide, Uxoricide, Vaticide, Vulpicide
S.No. Root Word
190. ciph - zero, empty,
nothing
191. circ/circul -ring, around
192. circum - around
193. cise / cis - to cut
194. clam/claim - to shout,
to cry out
195. clan/clam/celare -
secretly, to hide, conceal
196. clar - clear, distinct
197. class - class, group
198. clav - key
199. clemen - mercy,
mildness, calmness
200. cli / klimax - to lean
toward, ladder, to bend Recliner
201. clocca/cloke/cloche - bell Cloak, Cloche, Clock
202. cluit/kluit - lump
203. co/con /com/cor -
together, with,
intensifier
204. cogn/gnos/gnom -
knowledge
205. coct - to cook
206. cohors/cohorte - yard,
retinue
207. colere / colonia - settled
land, farm, landed estate
208. colosse / colossus /
kolossos - huge, statue
larger than life
209. comicos / komicos /
komos - of or pertaining
to comedy, revel
210. commun/comun -
common, general, open
211. copia/op/opes - wealth,
abundance
212. corn - horn, point
213. corona - crown, wreath
214. corp / corpo / corpor /
corpus - body
215. cosm/cosmo - world,
the universe
216. contra/counter -
against, opposite
Examples Page No.
Cypher / Cipher, Decipher, Encipher, Indecipherable
60
Circle, Circuitous, Circular, Circus, Semicircle 60
Circumambient, Circumambulate, Circumference, Circumflex, Circumgyration,
Circumlocution, Circumnavigate, Circumscribe, Circumspect, Circumstance, 60
Circumstantial, Circumvallate, Circumvent
Cesarean, Circumcise, Concise, Incise, Incisive, Precise, Scissors 61
Acclaim, Acclamation, Claim, Clamorous, Clamour, Declaiming, Declamation,
61
Exclamation, Proclamation, Reclaim
Clandestine
61
Clarify, Clarinet, Clarity, Clear, Declaration, Declarative 61
Classic, Classical, Classify, Declassify 62
Clef, Conclave, Enclave 62
Clemency, Clement, Clementine, Inclement 62
Climax, Declension, Decline, Disinclined, Inclination, Inclined, Proclivity, Recline, 62
63
Cleat, Clot, Clout 63
Cantankerous, Coerce, Cogent, Coherent, Colleagues, Collusion, Combine, Commence,
Commencement, Commend, Commendable, Commiserate, Common , Compact,
Companion, Comparison, Compatriots, Competition, Complaining, Complete, Complex,
Compliment, Complimentary, Comply, Compositor, Composure, Compression, Conceal,
Concealing, Conceit, Conceited, Concentrated, Conclusive, Condensed, Condiment,
63
Confess, Confederate, Conference, Conferred, Confidence, Confiscated, Conflicting,
Confront, Congenital, Congruent, Connected, Connive, Connote, Conscript, Consensus,
Conserve, Considerable, Consonance, Constant, Consternation, Constrain, Consult,
Contented, Continual, Continue, Contractual, Contrite, Convene, Convent, Conventional,
Conventions, Convex, Convict, Conviction, Convolution, Corrigible, Cortege, Countenance,
Couplet, Covenant, Cover
Agnosia, Agnostic, Cognitive, Cognizant, Cognoscente, Connoisseur, Diagnosis,
Diagnostics, Geognosy, Gnosis, Gnostic, Ignorant, Ignore, Incognito, Pharmacognosy, 66
Prognosis, Prognostic, Prognosticate, Pyrognostics, Recognize, Reconnaissance, Telegnosis
Concocted, Concocting 67
Cohort, Courteous, Courtesy
67
Colony 67
Colossal
68
Comedian, Comedy, Comic
68
Commune, Communicable, Communicate, Communication, Community
68
Copious, Copy, Copycat, Cornucopia, Opulence, Opulent, Recopy
68
Bicorn, Capricorn, Cornea, Cornet, Unicorn 69
Corona Virus, Coronary, Coronation 69
Corporal, Corporate, Corporation, Corporeal, Corposant, Corps, Corpse, Corpulent,
69
Corpus, Corpus juris, Corpuscle, Habeas corpus, Incorporate, Incorporated, Incorporeal
Cosmic, Cosmogony, Cosmological, Cosmology, Cosmonaut, Cosmopolitan
69
Contraband, Contraceptive, Contradict, Contrary, Contrast, Contravene, Controlled,
Controversial, Controversy, Counteract, Counterbalance, Counterclockwise, 70
Counterfeit, Countermand, Counterpart, Counterpoise, Counter-revolution
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
217. coup - buffet, cuff, Countercoup, Coup, Coupon, Recoup
70
blow, cut
218. cover - cover, protect, Coverage, Covering, Covert, Covertly, Curfew, Discover, Discoverer, Discovery,
71
conceal Rediscover, Uncover, Undercover, Undiscovered
219. cracy/crat-government Aristocracy, Autocracy, Bureaucracy, Democracy, Gerontocracy, Gynecocracy,
rule, power Hagiocracy, Isocracy, Kratocracy, Meritocracy, Mobocracy, Monocracy, Pantisocracy, 71
Plutocracy, Stratocracy, Theocracy
220. craeve/kraeve-demand Crave 72
221. crassus/crasse - solid, Crass
72
thick, fat, dense
222. creare - to make, Create, Creation, Creature
72
bring forth, produce
223. cred - belief, believe, Accredit, Accreditation, Credence, Credentials, Credibility, Credible, Credit, Creditable,
72
trust Creditor, Credo/Creed, Credulous, Discredit, Incredible, Incredulous, Miscreant, Recreant
224. crep / crepit - burst, to Decrepit, Decrepitude, Discrepancy, Discrepant
73
crack, break, rattle
225. cresc/cret - grow, Accrete, Accretion, Accrue, Concrete, Concretion, Concretize, Crescendo, Crescent,
73
arise, increase Decrescendo, Excrescence
226. crimin - charge, crime, Criminal, Criminology, Discriminate, Discriminating, Discrimination, Incriminate,
73
to judge, to separate Incrimination, Indiscriminate, Recriminate, Recrimination
227. crit - judge, decide Criteria, Critic, Critical, Criticism, Criticize, Critique, Diacritic, Hypocritical 74
228. cruc / crux - cross Crucial, Crusade, Crux, Excruciate, Excruciating 74
229. crud/crude-raw, rough Crude, Crudity, Cruel, Cruelty
rude, unfeeling
74
230. cry - shout out in Cry, Crying, Decry, Outcry
complaint, raise a 75
public outcry
231. crypt / krypt - hidden Apocryphal, Crypt, Cryptic, Cryptogram, Cryptography, Cryptosporidium, Decrypt,
Encrypt, Encryption 75
232. culmin - summit, top, Culminate, Culmination
peak, roof 75
233. culp - blame, fault, Culpable, Culprit, Exculpate, Mea Culpa
75
guilt, crime, error
234. cult - grow Acculturate, Agriculture, Agriculturist, Cult, Cultivate, Cultivated, Cultural, Culture,
75
Cultured, Horticulture, Horticulturist, Sericulture, Subculture, Uncultivated, Uncultured
235. cum/cumul-heap up, pile Accumulate, Accumulation, Accumulator, Cumulative, Cumuli/Cumulus, Cumulonimbus,
76
Cumulus
236. cumb - lie down Concubine, Incumbency, Incumbent, Incumbent, Recumbent, Succumb 76
237. cumber - obstruct, Cumbersome, Encumber, Encumbrance
76
barricade, obstacle
238. cupid - to desire Concupiscence, Coveted, Covetous, Cupid, Cupidity 77
239. cura - care Accuracy, Accurate, Accurately, Curable, Curate, Curative, Curator, Cure, Curio,
Curiosity, Curious, Inaccuracy, Incurable, Insecure, Insecurity, Insurance, Manicure, 77
Pedicure, Procure, Secure, Security, Sinecure
240. curr / currere - to run, Concur, Concurrence, Concurrent, Course, Current, Curriculum, Cursive, Cursor,
78
to coincide Cursory, Discourse, Excursion, Incur, Occurr, Occurrence, Recourse, Recurrent, Succor
241. curv - to bend Curb, Curvaceous, Curvature, Curve, Curvilinear, Curvy 78
242. curvet - a leap by a horse Cavort 78
243. cus - reason , a cause, Accusation, Accusative, Accusatory, Accuse, Accused, Accuser, Because, Causal,
79
a lawsuit Causality, Cause, Caused, Excuse, Recusant, Recuse, Ruse, Unexcused
244. cuss - strike, shake Concuss, Concussion, Concussive, Discuss, Discussion, Percussion, Percussive,
79
Repercussion
245. custom - become used Accustom, Accustomed, Costume, Custom, Customary, Customer, Unaccustomed
to, form a habit of, habit, 79
practice
246. cycl - ring, circle Acyclic, Bicycle, Cyclamen, Cycle, Cyclic, Cyclist, Cyclone, Cyclops, Tricycle 80
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
D
247. da/dat / datum - to give Data, Date, Mandate, Postdate 80
248. dam/domina - lady, Beldam, Dame, Damsel, Madam (Ma dome), Prima donna
80
mistress
249. de - away, off, down, Debacle, Debar, Debase, Debilitate, Debris, Decadence, Decay, Deceit, Deceive, Decent,
completely, reversal, Decentralize, Deciding, Decipher, Decisive, Declare, Decline, Decrease, Decreasing,
apart Decry, Dedicated, Deduce, Deface, Defame, Defect, Defection, Defer, Deferential,
Deficiency, Deficit, Defile, Define, Deflate, Deflect, Deform, Defraud, Degrade,
Dehydrate, Dejected, Delay, Deliberate, Delineate, Delirium, Deliver, Deliverance, Delusive,
80
Demean, Demolish, Demolition, Demoralize, Demure, Denature, Denigration, Denounce,
Depict, Deplete, Deposition, Deprecate, Depreciate, Depreciating, Depress, Depression,
Deprive, Desert, Descend, Descent, Desertion, Desired, Desirous, Desist, Despair, Desperate,
Dessert, Destroyed, Detailed, Detect, Detective, Deter, Detergent, Detonator, Detract,
Detrimental, Diminutive, Directing, Disclaim, Discursive, Disease, Disloyal, Dissidence
250. deb/debit - to owe, ought Debenture, Debit, Debt, Debtor, Indebted 84
251. dec / deca - ten Decade, Decathlon, December, Decibel, Decimal, Decimate, Decimeter 84
252. décor - proper, fitting, Décor, Decorated, Decoration, Decorum, Indecorous
to decorate, adorn, 84
beautify
253. dei / deus / divus - god Deiform, Deify, Deism, Deity, Divine 85
254. del - destroy, wipe out, Delete, Deleterious, Deletion, Indelible, Indelibly
85
blot out, efface
255. delectare/delici - Delectable, Delectation, Delicate, Delicious, Delight, Delight, Dilettante
delight, allurement, 85
charm, please
256. dem/demi/demo - Demagog/ Demagogue, Demigod, Demiurge, Democracy, Democrat, Demography,
85
people Demotic, Endemic, Epidemic, Epidemiology, Pandemic
257. demn - loss, penalty, Condemn, Condemnation, Damage, Damn, Damnation, Indemnify, Indemnity
injury, damage, harm
86
258. demon/demonium - Demon, Demoniacal, Demonic, Demonize, Pandemonium
lesser or evil, spirit, 86
divine power
259. dens - thick, Condense, Dense, Densely, Densest, Densify, Density
crowded, cloudy 87
260. dent - tooth Dentifrice, Dentist, Indenture, Interdental 87
261. deris - mocked, made Derision, Derisive, Derisory
fun of, laughed at
87
262. derma - skin, hide Derma, Dermatitis, Dermatologist, Dermatology, Pachyderm 87
263. deterior - worse, lower, Deteriorate 87
inferior, meaner
264. dextr - right Ambidexterity, Ambidextrous, Dexterity, Dexterous, Dextrose 87
265. di / dialis / dies - day, Dial, Diary, Dismal, Diurnal, Lackadaisical, Quotidian, Sundial
88
to shine
266. dia - through Diachronic, Diacritic, Diagonal, Diagram, Dialectic, Dialogue, Diameter, Diarrhoea,
88
Diatribe
267. dica/dict - to speak, Abdicate, Abdication, Benediction, Contradict, Dictate, Dictator, Dictatorship,
speech, word, proclaim Dictionary, Edict, Indict, Indicted, Interdict, Jurisdiction, Malediction, Predicate, 88
Predict, Prediction, Syndicate, Valediction, Vindicate, Vindictive
268. didact - apt at teaching, Autodidact, Autodidacticism, Didactic, Didacticism
89
teach
269. di / de / dif / dis / div - Denouement, Deponent, Deprave, Detached, Differ, Difference, Different, Difficulty,
away from, apart, Diffidence, Diffident, Diffuse, Directory, Disability, Disable, Disallow, Disappear,
reversal, not, completely, Disappoint, Disappointment, Disapproval, Disapprove, Disarm, Disarrange, Disburse,
intensifier, separate Discard, Disclose, Discomfit, Discomfort, Disconnect, Discontent, Discontinue, Discord, 90
Discordant, Discourage, Discouraged, Discouraging, Discrimination, Discussion,
Disenchant, Disenfranchisement, Disgrace, Disgraceful, Disguise, Dishearten,
Disheartened, Disheveled, Dishonest, Dishonesty, Disjointed, Dislocate, Dismay, Dismiss,
S.No. Root Word
270. dign / dignus - worth
271. diligent/diligere -
attentive, assiduous,
carefull
272. directiare/dress -
make straight, arrange
273. dirigere - to direct,
to guide, keep, srtaight
274. dit - to give
275. divis - separated into
parts, divided
276. do/don - give/give as a
gift
277. doc/docu/doct - to
teach, to cause, to know
278. dog/dox/dogma -
opinion, tenet, belief,
doctrine
279. dol - foolish, cragy
280. dole/dolo - suffer, pain,
grieve
281. dom - stupid, silent
282. dom/dome/domi -
house
283. doma - to tame
284. domin/domini -
dominion, to rule,
predominant, property,
owner
285. dorm - to sleep
286. dors/dorsum/dorsalis -
back
287. dour/dur/dura/durus -
hard, severe, sour
288. draco/dracon/drakon -
dragon, snake, serpent,
extremely severe or
harsh
289. draga - to draw, pul
290. drama/dramat - play
291. drast - extreme, severe
292. duc/duct - to lead
293. dulci - sweet
294. duo/du/di - two, doubt
295. dyn / dyna - power
296. dys - bad, difficult
Examples Page No.
Disobey, Disown, Disparity, Disperse, Display, Displease, Disproportionately, Dispute,
Disregard, Dissemble, Disseminate, Dissension, Dissident, Dissimilar, Dissipate,
Dissolution, Dissuade, Distant, Distinct, Distinctive, Distinguished, Distress, Distrustful,
Divergence, Divide, Dividend, Dividing, Divisive, Divisor, Endeavour.
Condign, Dainty, Deign, Dignified, Dignify, Dignitary, Dignity, Disdain, Disdainful,
93
Indignant, Indignation, Indignity, Indisputable, Undignified.
Diligence, Diligent
94
Address, Address, Dress, Dress, Dresser, Dressmaker, Dressy, Hairdresser, Headdress,
94
Overdressed, Redress, Undress, Underdressed
Director, Dirge 94
Additional, Edit, Edition, Editorial, Extradite, Extradition, Perdition, Rendition,
95
Traditional, Traditionalist
Devised, Devising, Divisibility, Divisible, Division, Divisive, Divisiveness, Divisor,
95
Indivisibility, Subdivision
Condone, Donate, Donation, Donee, Donor, Pardon
95
Docent, Docile, Docility, Doctor, Doctrinaire, Doctrinal, Doctrine, Document,
96
Documentary, Documentation, Indoctrinate, Undocumented
Dogma, Dogmatic, Heterodox, Neoorthodox, Orthodox, Paradox, Unorthodox
96
Doldrums, Dolt, Dull, Dullard, Dullness 96
Condolence, Doleful, Dolorous, Indolent
97
Dumb, Dumbfound, Dumbo, Dummy 97
Dome, Domestic, Domesticate, Domesticity, Domicile, Domiciliary 97
Daunt, Daunting 97
Condominium, Domain, Dominance, Dominant, Dominate, Domination,
Dominion, Domino, Dungeon, Predominant 97
Dormancy, Dormant, Dormeuse, Dormitive, Dormitory 98
Dorsal, Dossier, Endorse, Endorsement
98
Dour, Durable, Durability, Durative, Duress, Endurable, Endurance, Endure, Obdurate, 98
Draconian, Draconic, Dragon, Dragoon
99
Drag, Draught 99
Drama, Dramatic, Dramatist, Dramatize, Melodramatic 99
Drastic 99
Abduct, Aqueduct, Conduct, Deduct, Deduction, Ductile, Educate, Educated, Induce,
99
Inducement, Induction, Introduction, Oviduct, Produce, Reduce, Transduction, Viaduct
Dulce, Dulcet, Dulcimer, Dulciloquent, Dulcinea 100
Dilemma, Diplomatic, Dual, Dubious, Duet, Duopoly, Duplex, Duplicate, Undoubtedly 100
Aerodynamics, Dynamic, Dynamism, Dynamite, Dynamo, Dynastic, Dynasty, Dyne,
100
Electrodynamics, Thermodynamics
Dysentery, Dysfunction, Dysgenic, Dysgenics, Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, Dyspepsia,
Dysphagia, Dysphemism, Dysphonia, Dysphoria, Dysplasia, Dyspnea, Dystopia, Dystrophy 101
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
E
297. e/ef/ex - out, out of, Award, Ebullient, Eccentric, Eccentricity, Eclectic, Eclipse, Ecstasy, Ecstatic, Efface,
from, former, Effect, Effervesce, Effigy, Effort, Effusion, Egregious, Eject, Elan, Elation, Electorate,
completely, throughly Elevate, Elicit, Eliminate, Eliminating, Elimination, Elite, Elude, Elusive, Emaciated,
Emanate, Emancipation, Emasculate, Emeritus, Emit, Emotion, Enervation, Enormous,
Erase, Erudite, Erupt, Escape, Evade, Evaluate, Eventual, Exalt, Examine, Example,
Excavate, Except, Exceptional, Excerpt, Excessive, Exchange, Excite, Excitement, Exclaim, 102
Exclude, Exclusion, Excoriate, Exculpate, Excursion, Exemplary, Exemplify, Exercise,
Exhale, Exhaust, Exhaustive, Exhilarate, Exhilarating, Exhort, Exhume, Exile, Exit,
Exodus, Exogamy, Exonerate, Exorbitant, Expansion, Expansive, Expectorant, Expedite,
Expedition, Expeditious, Expel, Experience, Expire, Explain, Explanation, Explode,
Exploit, Expostulate, Expound, Expressed, Exquisite, Extension, Extensive, Extenuate,
Extinct, Extirpate, Extol, Extort, Extract, Extradite, Extricate, Scorn, Scourge, Soaring.
298. eco/edi/oikos - house, Ecology, Economic, Economical, Economy, Ecosystem, Ecumenical, Parochial 107
299. edif (aedes) - temple Edification, Edifice, Edify, Edifying 107
300. effic -bring about, Coefficient, Efficacious, Efficacy, Efficiency, Efficient, Inefficiency, Inefficiently
accomplish, produce, 107
work out
301. eg - lead Exegesis, Exegetical, Strategist 108
302. ego - i, self Alter ego, Ego, Egocentric, Egoism, Egoist, Egomania, Egotist, Egotistic 108
303. elegos - mournful Elegy
poem, song of lament
108
304. element/elementum - Element, Elemental, Elementary
108
beginning, rudiment
305. em /en/in - in, within Ambush, Embark, Embarrass, Embed, Embezzle, Embezzlement, Embroil, Emphasis,
Encase, Encasement, Encaustic, Encircle, Encounter, Encroach, Endearment, Enfeeble,
108
Enfold, Engulf, Enlarge, Enlighten, Enliven, Enraged, Ensconce, Enshrine, Enslave,
Entangle, Entrapped, Entrenching, Envelop, Esoteric
306. em / empt - to buy, Caveat emptor, Exempt, Exemption, Preempt, Redemption 110
obtain, to take
307. em / en / il / in / im - In, Embargo, Embrace, Enclose, Encyclopedia, Energy, Enrage, Ensue, Ensure, Entice,
Into, upon Entrap, Illuminated, Illumination, Imbibe, Immolation, Impact, Impair, Impale, Implant,
Implement, Implicit, Implicitly, Implore, Implosion, Imposter, Impound, Impresario, Impressionable,
Imprisoned, Incarnate, Incendiary, Incense, Inception, Inchoate, Incidental, Incite, 110
Include, Increase, Inculpate, Incursion, Indicate, Indigenous, Indigent, Indurate,
Inflatable, Influx, Infringe, Infuriate, Ingratiate, Iniquitous, Initiate, Innuendo, Insatiability,
Insert, Insinuate, Insist, Insisted, Inspection, Instigate, Instinct, Instinctive, Insurgent,
Intriguing, Inundation, Irrigate, Surety.
308. -emia/hemia/haemo - Anemia/Anaemia, Haematology, Haemoglobin, Haemophilia, Hemorrhage/Haemorrhage,
113
blood Hemostat, Ischaemia, Leukemia, Septicaemia, Toxaemia
309. endo - inside, within Endocarp, Endocrine, Endoderm, Endogamy, Endogenous, Endoscopy 113
310. enn - years Bicentennial, Biennial, Biennium, Centennial, Millennia, Millennial, Perennial,
113
Quadrennial, Triennial
311. envie - envy, jealousy, Enviable, Envious, Envy
114
having hatred
312. epo/epi - on, upon, Ephemeral, Epicenter, Epicure, Epicurean, Epidemic, Epigram, Epigraph, Epilogue,
114
outside, in addition Epiphyte, Epistle, Epitaph, Epithet, Epitome, Epitomize, Eponym
313. epos - a word, tale, story Epic 115
314. equ/equi - equal Adequate, Equable, Equal, Equanimity, Equate, Equator, Equidistant, Equilateral,
Equilibrium, Equinox, Equipoise, Equiponderance, Equitable, Equity, Equivalent, 115
Equivocal, Equivocate, Inadequate, Inequity, Iniquity, Unequal, Unequivocal
315. equus/ hippo - horse Equine, Equestrian, Hippocampus, Hippodrome, Hippomania, Hippopotamus. 115
316. erg/ ergon - to work Allergy, Demiurge, Energetic, Erg, Ergative, Ergonomic, Ergonomics, Ergophobia,
116
Liturgy, Metallurgy, Synergy, Zymurgy
317. err - to wander, to stray Aberrant, Arrant, Err, Errant, Erratic, Erratum, Erring, Erroneous, Error, Unerring 116
318. es / edere - to eat Comestible, Edible, Esculent, Inedible, Obese, Obesity 116
319. escal/scalare - Escalate, Escalation, Escalator
117
raise, to climb
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
320. esse / est - to be Disinterested, Essence, Essential, Interest, Nonessential, Prowess, Uninterested 117
321. estim - appraise, Disesteem, Esteem, Estimable, Estimate, Estimation, Inestimable, Overestimate,
117
to value, fix the value of Underestimate
322. ethos - moral character, Bioethics, Ethics, Unethics 118
custom
323. eu - good, well Eucalyptus, Eugenics, Eulogistic, Eulogy, Eupatrid, Eupepsia, Euphemism, Euphonia,
118
Euphoria, Eupnea, Euthanasia, Eutopia, Eutrophy
324. exempl - example, Exemplar, Exemplary, Exemplify, Sampling 118
a copy, pattern, model
325. exig / exigere - enforce, Exigency, Exigent, Exiguity
119
demand
326. expand - expand Expandable, Expanding, Expands, Spawn 119
327. expect - wait for Expect, Expectancy, Expectant, Expectantly, Expectation, Expected, Unexpected,
119
Unexpectedly
328. exper - try, test Experience, Experiential, Experiment, Experimental, Experimentation, Expert,
119
Expertise, Expertly, Inexperienced, Inexpertly
329. extraneus - external, Estranged, Strange, Strangeness
119
foreign
330. extrem - outermost, Extreme, Extremely, Extremism, Extremist, Extremity
120
farthest, last
F
331. fab / fam / fari - speakAffability, Affable, Confab, Defame, Fable, Fabled, Fabulous, Fame, Famous, Fate,
120
Ineffable, Infamous, Nefarious
332. fabri - to make, construct Fabricate, Fabrication 120
333. fac/feas/feat -made, Defeat, Defeated, Defeatism, Defeatist, Disfeature, Feasibility, Feasible, Feat, Feature,
120
perform Featureless, Indefeasible, Undefeated, Unfeasible
334. fac/face/facia/facies - Deface, Efface, Facade, Face, Facet, Facial, Ineffaceable, Interface, Multifaceted, 121
face, surface Outface, Resurface, Superficial, Surface
335. fac/fic/fig/fy/fact/fect/ Affected, Affection, Aficionado, Artifact, Artifice, Beatific, Benefaction, Benefactor,
fiat/fit - to do, to make Beneficial, Benefit, Confection, Confectioner, Configure, Counterfeit, Defect, Defection,
Defective, Defector, Deficient, Deficit, Difficult, Discomfit, Discomfiture, Disinfect,
Disinfectant, Edification, Edifice, Effective, Effectiveness, Effectual, Efficacious,
Efficient, Effigy, Facsimile, Faction, Factious, Factitious, Factory, Feasible, Fiction, 121
Gratification, Imperfect, Ineffective, Ineffectual, Infection, Infectious, Maleficent,
Manufacture, Munificent, Official, Perfect, Perfectionist, Pontificate, Proficient, Profit,
Profitability, Profitable, Prolific, Ramification, Ratification, Significant, Soporific,
Suffice, Sufficient, Surfeit.
336. facil - easy, easily Facile, Facilitate, Facilitation, Facilitator, Facility
124
accomplished
337. faire/feit - to make, to do Counterfeit, Counterfeiter, Forfeit, Forfeiture, Surfeit 124
338. fall/fals - to deceive Fallacious, Fallacy, Fallible, False, Falsify, Infallible 124
339. fam/fama - reputation Defamation, Defamatory, Defame, Famed, Famously, Infamous, Infamy 124
340. fames - hunger Famine, Famish, Famished 125
341. familia - household, Familial, Familiar, Familiarity, Familiarize, Familiarly, Family, Unfamiliar,
125
familiar group Unfamiliarity,
342. fanum - temple, shrine Fanatic, Fanatical, Profane, Profanity 125
343. farcir - to stuff, cram Farce, Farcical, Forcemeat, Infarction 125
344. fascinum - spell, Fascination 126
witchcraft
345. fatal - death, disaster Fatal, Fatalist, Fatality, Fateful 126
346. fatig - to weary, tire out Fatigue, Fatigued, Indefatigable 126
347. fatu -foolish, silly, stupid Fatuity, Fatuous, Fatuousness, Infatuate, Infatuation 126
348. fav - like, support, Disfavor, Favor/Favour, Favorable, Favorableness, Favorably, Favoritism, Unfavorable 126
inclination
349. febri/fov - a fever, to heat Febrile, Fever, Feverish, Foment 126
350. feli/felin - cat Felicide, Feline, Felinity 127
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
351. felic/felix - happy Felicitous, Felicity, Infelicitous 127
352. femin/femina-woman, Effeminate, Female, Feminine, Femininity, Feminism, Feminist 127
a female
353. fend/fens - ward off, Counteroffensive, Defend, Defendant, Defender, Defense, Defensible, Defensive, Fence,
to strike, hit, push Fencer, Fencing, Fender, Forfend, Indefensible, Inoffensive, Offend, Offender, Offense, 127
Offensive
354. feowertyne niht - Fortnight 128
fourteen nights
355. fer - to carry, productive Defer, Deference, Fertile, Infer, Infertile, Offer, Prefer, Refer, Reference,
128
Referendum, Referent, Suffer, Transfer
356. fer / feroc / ferus - Feral, Ferment, Ferocious, Ferocity, Fierce, Fierceness
128
wild, fierce, untamed
357. ferv - to boil, to bubble, Effervescent, Fervent, Fervid, Fervor/Fervour
129
to burn
358. festa / festivus - feast, Festival, Festivity, Festoon, Fiesta, Gabfest
129
festive, joyful, merry
359. fet/fetus - childbearing, Effete, Fetal, Feticide, Fetus
offspring, pregnancy 129
360. fic / fict / fing - pretend, Beatification, Deficiency, Fiction, Fictional, Fictitious, Fictive, Nonfiction
invent, to shape, form, 129
devise, to make
361. fid - faith, trust, Affidavit, Bona fide, Confidant, Confide, Confident, Defiance, Defiant, Diffident,
129
honesty, reliance Fidelity, Fiduciary, Infidel, Infidelity, Mala fide, Perfidious, Perfidy
362. fig/figur - form, shape Configuration, Configure, Disfigure, Figment, Figurative, Figure, Figurehead, Figurine,
130
Prefigure, Transfiguration, Transfigure
363. fili / filia / filius - son, Affiliate, Affiliation, Filial, Filicide 131
daughter
364. fin / fini - end, finish, fix Affinity, Confine, Defines, Definite, Definition, Definitive, Final, Finale, Finance, Fine,
131
border Finesse Finial, Finicky, Finish, Finished, Finite, Indefinite, Infinite, Infinitesimal, Infinity
365. firm / firus - steady, Affirm, Confirm, Confirmation, Farm, Firm, Infirm, Infirmary 132
strong, to fix
366. fiscus - state treasury, Confiscate, Fiscal 132
money bag, purse
367. fiss - split, separate Fissile, Fission, Fissionable, Fissure 132
368. fix - to fasten, to fix Affix, Crucifix, Fixation, Fixture, Prefix, Suffix 132
369. flag / flam - to burn Aflame, Conflagrant, Conflagration, Flagrant, Flam, Flamboyant, Flamingo, Flammable, 132
Inflame, Inflammable, Inflammation
370. flare / flat - blow Afflatus, Conflate, Conflation, Deflate, Deflation, Inflatable, Inflate, Inflation 133
371. flect / flex - to bend Circumflex, Deflect, Flex, Flexible, Flexile, Flexion, Flexor, Genuflect, Inflect, Inflection, 133
Inflexible, Reflect, Reflection, Retroflex
372. flee - weep,cry, Enfeeble, Feeble, Feeble Minded 134
shed tears, lament
373. flict/flig - to dash, strike
Afflict, Conflict, Inflict, Profligate 134
374. flor / flori/flos / floresc -
Efflorescent, Flora, Floral, Florescent, Floriculture, Florist, Flourish, Fluorescent,
134
flower, to begin, to bloom Inflorescence
375. flu/flux - to flow Affluence, Affluent, Confluence, Effluent, Flood, Fluctuate, Fluency, Fluent, Fluid, Flux,
134
Influence, Influenced, Influential, Influenza, Influx, Mellifluous, Superfluous
376. focus - hearth, home, Bifocals, Focal, Focus, Focused, Refocus, Trifocals, Unfocused 135
family
377. fol - foolish, madman, Folly, Fool, Foolhardy 135
insane person, idiot
378. fol / foli - leaf Defoliate, Exfoliate, Foliage, Folio, Portfolio 135
379. for / forain / forum - Forbid, Forensic, Forum
strange, outer, external, 136
against
380. fore - before Forebear, Foresee, Foreshadow, Foreshorten Foresight, Forestall, Forgo, Forlorn 136
381. foris - outside, door Foreclose, Forest, Forfeit 136
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
382. form - shape, to form Conform, Conformity, Cruciform, Cuneiform, Deformation, Formation, Formula,
137
Information, Malformation, Morphous, Non Conformist, Reform, Transform, Uniform
383. formido - fearfulness, Formidable 137
fear, terror, dread
384. fort - strength, strong Comfort, Comfortable, Effort, Effortless, Enforce, Force, Fort, Fortalice, Forte,
Fortification, Fortify, Fortis, Fortissimo, Fortitude 137
385. forth - forward Forthcoming, Forthright, Henceforth 138
386. fortun - luck, chance Fortuitous, Fortuity, Fortuna, Fortunate, Fortune, Fortuneteller, Misfortune, Unfortunate 138
387. foster / fostor - food, Foster, Fostering
138
nourishment, feed
388. found/fundus - bottom, Confound, Flounder, Foundation, Founder, Fundamental, Profound, Profundity
found, pour together
138
389. fra/frac/fract/frag/ Breaking, Fractal, Fraction, Fractious, Fracture, Fragile, Fragment, Frail, Frailty,
139
frang/fring - to break Fritter, Infraction, Refract, Refractory, Refrain, Saxifrage
390. fragr - smell strongly, Fragrance, Fragrant
139
emit (a sweet) odor
391. franc / francus - free Enfranchise, Franchise, Frank, Frankness 139
392. frat/ frater - brother Fraternal, Fraternity, Fraternize, Fratricide 140
393. frei - beloved, Free, Freed, Freedom, Friend, Friendly, Friendship, Unfriendly
140
not in bondage
394. frequen - often, regular, Frequency, Frequent, Frequentative, Frequently, Infrequency, Infrequent, Infrequently
140
repeated,constant
395. frigus/frigidus - cold, Frigid, Frisson, Refrigerator, Sang-froid,
140
cool, chill
396. frivolus - silly, empty Frivolous 140
397. front - forehead, Affront, Confront, Confrontation, Confrontational, Effrontery, Forefront, Front, Frontal,
141
foremost part Frontier, Frontward, Upfront, Waterfront
398. frugi, fruct - enjoy, Fructify, Fructose, Frugal, Frugivorous, Fruit, Fruitful, Fruition
fruits, crops, profit, 141
economical, thrifty
399. frustra - disappoint, Frustration
141
in vain
400. fuge / fug / fugi - flee Centrifugal, Fugitive, Fugitive, Refuge, Refugee, Subterfuge 141
401. fulg / fulge - to shine, Effulgence, Effulgent, Refulgent
flash, burn 142
402. funct/fungi -to perform Defunct, Dysfunction, Function, Malfunction, Perfunctory
or discharge duty
142
403. fund - pour Funnel, Futile, Refund 142
404. funer - funeral, death, Funeral
142
corpse
405. furi / fury - rage, Furious, Furor, Fury, Infuriate
142
violent passion
406. furtum - theft, robbery Furtive 142
407. fus/fuse - pour Circumfuse, Confuse, Confusion, Defuse, Diffuse, Effuse, Fuse, Fuselage, Fusion, Infuse,
142
Interfuse, Perfuse, Profuse, Profusion, Refuse, Refusing, Suffuse, Transfuse
408. fustaneus - cloth Fustian 143
409. fut/futa/fute - restrain, Confutation, Confute, Irrefutable, Refutable, Refutation, Refute
repel, oppose, beat
143
G
410. gaia/ge/gee/geo - Apogee, Gaia, Geocentric, Geodynamo, Geographical, Geography, Geological, Geologist,
144
earth Geology, Geometrical, Geometry, Pangea, Perigee
411. garbala/garbeler- to sift, Garbled
to sieve
144
412. garrire- to chatter, prattle Garrulous 144
413. gast/ghast - ghost Aghast, Flabbergasted 144
414. gastr - stomach Gastric, Gastritis, Gastroenterology, Gastronomy 144
415. geist - spirit Geist, Ghastly, Ghost, Poltergeist, Zeitgeist 144
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
416. gel/gelu-freeze, frost, ice Congeal, Gel, Gelatin, Gelatinous, Gelid, Jelly 144
417. gen/genesis/geni - Abiogenesis, Allergen, Antigen, Autogenesis, Biogenesis, Congenial, Congeniality,
Innate quality, Inborn Congenital, Degenerate, Genealogy, Generate, Genesis, Genetics, Genial, Geniality,
145
talent, production, Genius, Genocide, Genuine, Homogeneous, Ingenious, Pathogen, Pyrogen, Terrigenous,
generation, origin, of Toxicogen, Xenogenesis
birth, beget, kind, cause
418. genata/genaria - Nonagenarian, Octogenarian, Quadragenarian, Quinquagenarian, Septuagenarian,
146
ten times Sexagenarian
419. gener / genus - stock, General, Generalize, Generic, Generous
146
race, kind
420. gentil/gentle - high - Gent, Genteel, Gentility, Gentle, Gentleman, Gentlewoman, Gentry, Jaunty
146
born, noble, well born
421. ger - to bear, bring, carry Belligerence, Belligerent, Congeries, Gerund 147
422. germ / germen - bud, Germ, German, Germane, Germanium, Germicide, Germinal, Germinate, Germination,
seed, embryo, sprout, Wheatgerm 147
offshoot
423. geront - old man Geriatrics, Gerontocracy, Gerontologist, Gerontology 147
424. gest - bear, carry, Congest, Congestion, Digest, Digestible, Digestion, Gestation, Gesticulate, Gesticulation,
perform Gesture, Indigestible, Indigestion, Ingest, Ingestion, Suggest, Suggesting, Suggestion, 147
Suggestive
425. gigan / gigas - giant Giant, Gigantic, Gigantically, Gigantism 148
426. glaci - ice Glacial, Glaciation, Glacier 148
427. glob-sphere, round mass Global, Global warming, Globalize, Globula 148
428. glomerat - gathered Agglomerate, Conglomerate, Conglomeration
into a ball-shaped mass, 148
accumulated
429. glori/gloria - great Glorification, Glorify, Glorious, Glory, Inglorious, Vainglorious, Vainglory
148
praise, renown, fame
430. glōtta - tongue Epiglottis, Glossary, Glottal, Glottis, Monoglot, Polyglot 149
431. glut - to swallow, Beagle, Glut, Glutton, Gluttony, Guttural
greedy, throat 149
432. gon - angle Agonic, Decagon, Diagonal, Hendecagon, Hexagon, Octagon, Polygon, Trigonometry 149
433. gorg / gosier - throat Disgorge, Engorge, Gorge, Guzzle, Regurgitate 149
434. goust / gust - taste Disgust, Gusto 149
435. grad / gradi / gress - Aggress, Aggression, Aggressive, Biodegradable, Centigrade, Degradation, Degrade,
to step, to go Degrading, Digress, Digression, Downgrade, Egress, Gradate, Gradation, Grade, 150
Gradient, Gradual, Gradualism, Gradually, Graduate, Graduation, Ingredient, Postgraduate,
Progress, Progression, Regress, Retrograde, Transgress, Undergraduate, Upgrade
436. gram - thing written, Diagram, Epigram, Grammar, Hologram, Monogram, Parallelogram, Telegram
151
letter, write
437. gran / grain/ granum - Grain, Granary, Grange, Granulate, Granule, Pomegranate 151
seed, small kernel
438. grand - big, great, large Aggrandise / Aggrandize, Aggrandizement, Grand, Grandeur, Grandiloquent, Grandiose 151
439. graph/graphy-writing, Aerography, Agraphia, Autobiography, Autograph, Barograph, Bibliography,
drawing, science, Calligrapher, Calligraphy, Cartographer, Cartography, Chirography, Choreographer,
recording Choreography, Chronograph, Cosmography, Cryptograph, Cryptography, Dactylography,
Demography, Dysgraphia, Epigraph, Geography, Graph, Grapheme, Graphic, Graphics, 151
Graphology, Hagiography, Holography, Homograph, Isograph, Monograph, Odograph,
Orography, Orthography, Palaeography, Phytography, Polygraph, Pyrography,
Seismograph, Stenography, Telegraph, Thermograph, Topography, Xerography,
Xylography, Zoography.
440. grat - pleasing, show joy, Congratulate, Congratulatory, Grace, Graceful, Gracious, Grateful, Gratification,
153
give thanks Gratify, Gratifying, Gratis, Gratitude, Gratuitous, Gratuity, Ingratitude
441. grav/graver - heavy, Aggravate, Aggravation, Grave, Gravely, Graveness, Gravitate, Gravitation, Gravity,
153
serious, burdened Grief, Grieve, Grievance
442. greg - flock, Aggregate, Congregate, Congregation, Desegregate, Egregious, Gregarious, Segregate
group, gather 154
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
443. gubern - steer a ship, Govern, Governance, Governess, Government, Governor, Governorship, Gubernatorial
154
govern
444. gumnastes - trainer of Gymnasium, Gymnast
154
athletes
445. gyn/gynec - woman, Gynarchy, Gynecoid, Gynecology, Gynecopathy, Gynephobia, Misogynist, Misogyny,
154
female Monogyny, Philogyny, Polygyny
H
446. hab / habit - to live, Cohabit, Habit, Habitation, Habitats, Habitual, Habituate, Inhabitant, Rehabilitate,
inhabit, dwell, hold, Rehabilitation 155
possess, make fit, have
447. hibit - to hold Exhibit, Exhibition, Inhibit, Inhibition, Prohibit, Prohibition, Prohibitive, Uninhibited 155
448. hallucinari/hallucinatio- Hallucination
wander, ramble in 156
thought
449. hap - luck, chance, Haphazard, Hapless, Happen, Happiness, Happy, Mishap
156
fortune
450. harmo/harmos - to joint, Disharmony, Harmonic, Harmonica, Harmonium, Harmony 156
concord
451. hedone - pleasure, Hedonism, Hedonist 156
delight
452. hegemon - leader, an Hegemony
156
authority, commander
453. helo / helio - sun Halo, Heliocentric, Heliograph, Heliolatry, Heliophilous, Heliotherapy, Heliotrope,
156
Helium
454. hal / hel - breathe Anhelation, Exhale, Inhale 157
455. hepta / sept - seven Heptagon, Heptarchy, Septennial 157
456. herb - grass, herb Herbaceous, Herbal, Herbarium, Herbicide, Herbivore 157
457. haireomai / Heresy, Heretic, Heretics
hairetikos - choose, 157
able to choose
458. heri/herit - successor, one Coheir, Disinherit, Heir, Heiress, Heirloom, Hereditary, Heredity, Heritage, Inherit,
157
who inherits property Inheritance
459. hear/hes - stick Adhesion, Adhesive, Cohesion, Cohesive, Cohesiveness, Hesitancy, Hesitant, Hesitate, 158
Hesitation, Inherent, Unhesitating
460. hetero - different, Heterodox, Heterogeneous, Heteronym, Heterosexual
158
the other
461. hexa / sext - sixth, six Hexagonal, Hexameter, Sexest, Sextuplet 158
462. hiberna - wintry, winter, Hibernate, Hibernation 158
quarter
463. hier/hiero -holy, sacred Hierarchical, Hierarchy, Hierocracy, Hieroglyph, Hieroglyphics 158
464. hilar - cheerful Exhilarate, Hilarious, Hilarity 159
465. hindern / hindrian - to Hinder, Hindered, Hindermost, Hindrance, Unhindered 159
harm, injure, damage
466. histrio - actor Historic, Histrionic, Histrionics 159
467. hod/odos - road, way Electrode, Episode, Episodic, Exodus, Method, Methodical, Methodology, Odometer,
159
Period, Periodic, Periodical, Periods
468. holos - whole Holism, Holistic 160
469. human/homie/homo - Bonhomie, Homage, Homosapien, Homicide, Hominid, Homunculus, Humane,
160
human being, man Humanely, Humanify, Humanitarian, Humanist, Humanity, Humanize
470. homo - same, similar, Homogeneous, Homograph, Homologous, Homonym, Homophobia, Homophone,
160
equal Homeostasis, Homosexual
471. hon / honor - honor, Dishonour, Honest, Honor, Honorary 161
respect
472. hood - covering Hoodwink 161
473. hor / horr - tremble, Abhor, Abhorrence, Abhorrent, Horrendous, Horrible, Horrid, Horrific, Horrified,
161
dread, shudder Horrify, Horror
S.No. Root Word
474. hord - a treasure
475. horis/horizon -
limiting (circle)
476. hort - urge, encourage
477. hospes / hospit -
host, guest
478. hostis - stranger, enemy
479. hum/humus - earth,
soil, ground, low, lowly
480. humnos - song in
praise of a god
481. hydr - water
482. hyper - over, excessive,
beyond
483. hypno / hypnos - sleep
484. hypo - under, too,
beneath, less than, lower Hypodermic, Hypoglycemia, Hypotenuse, Hypothesis
485. hystera - womb
486. -iatrik/-iatros -
physician, healer, doctor
487. icon/icono - image,
symbol, likeness
488. -ics - science, study
489. ident - same
490. idol - image, likeness,
shape, form
491. ig/il/im/in/ir - not,
without
492. ign/ignis - fire
493. imag - likeness, idea
494. imit - copy, potray
495. imperium -a command,
control
496. impet - impulse, attack,
vigor, assault
Examples Page No.
Hoard, Hoard, Hoarding 161
Aphorism, Horizon, Horizontal
161
Exhort, Exhortation, Hortatory 162
Hospice, Hospitable, Hospital, Hospitality, Host, Hostage, Hostel, Hostler/Ostler,
162
Inhospitable
Hostile, Hostility 162
Exhume, Humble, Humiliate, Humiliation, Humility, Humus, Inhume, Posthumous
162
Hymn 163
Dehydration, Hydrant, Hydrate, Hydraulic, Hydrogen, Hydrophobia, Hydrotherapy 163
Hyperacidity, Hyperactive, Hyperbole, Hypercritic, Hypercritical, Hyperemia,
163
Hypersensitive, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Hyperventilate
Hypnagogue, Hypnosis, Hypnotic, Hypnotist, Hypnotize, 163
Hypoactive, Hypochondria, Hypochondriac, Hypocrisy, Hypocrite, Hypocritical,
164
Hysteria, Hysterical 164
I
Geriatrics, Pediatrician, Podiatry, Psychiatric 164
Icon, Iconic, Iconify, Iconoclast, Iconography, Iconolatry, Iconology, Iconostasis
164
Acoustics, Aerobics, Ballistics, Economics 165
Identical, Identification, Identify, Identity 165
Idol, Idolater, Idolatrous, Idolatry, Idolize, Idyll, Idyllic 165
Enmity, Ignoble, Ignominy, Ignoramus, Ignorance, Ignorant, Ignore, Illegal, Illegible,
Illegitimate, Illiberal, Illicit, Illiterate, Imbecile, Imbecility, Imbroglio, Immaculate,
Immaterial, Immature, Immense, Immiscible, Immortal, Immune, Immunity, Immutable,
Impalpable, Impeccable, Impecunious, Impenitent, Impermeable, Impertinent,
Imperturbable, Impervious, Impious, Implacable, Implausible, Impossible, Impregnable,
Improper, Impropriety, Improvident, Improving, Improvise, Imprudent, Impudence,
Impudent, Impunity, Inadvertent, Inadvertently, Inalienable, Inane, Inanimate,
Inapt/Inept, Inarticulate, Incapacitate, Incessant, Incivism, Inclement, Incognizant,
Incoherent, Incommensurate, Incommodious, Incompetent, Incomprehensible ,
Inconclusive, Incongruous, Inconspicuous, Inconstant, Incorporeal, Incorrigible,
Incorrupt, Incredible, Indecent, Indecorous, Indelible, Indemnify, Indescribable, 165
Indestructible, Indifference, Indifferent, Indignant, Indispose, Indisputable/
Incontrovertible, Indocile, Indolence, Indolent, Indomitable, Indubitable, Ineffable,
Ineffective, Inefficacious, Ineligible, Ineluctable, Inequality, Inequity, Ineradicable,
Inerasable, Inert, Inessential, Inevitable, Inextinguishable, Inexorable, Inexpiable,
Inexplicable, Infallible, Infamous, Infelicitous, Infidel, Infidelity, Infinite, Infinitesimal,
Infirmary, Infirmity, Informal, Inimical, Inimitable, Iniquity, Injure, Innocent, Innocuous,
Innominate, Inordinate, Insatiable, Inscrutable, Insincerity, Insipid, Insomnia, Insouciant,
Insuperable, Intangible, Integrant, Intractable, Intransigent, Intrepid, Inveracity,
Invincible, Inviolable, Invisible, Irrational, Irrecusable, Irrefutable, Irregular,
Irreligious, Irreparable, Irretrievable, Irrevocable
Igneous, Ignite, Ignition, Ignitron 171
Image, Imaginable, Imaginary, Imagination, Imaginative, Imagine, Imaging,
172
Unimaginable, Unimaginative
Imitable, Imitate, Imitation, Imitative, Imitator, Inimitable 172
Emperor, Empire, Imperative, Imperious
172
Impetigo, Impetuous, Impetus
172
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
497. indic/indicatus - to Contraindicate, Contraindication, Index, Indexed, Indication, Indicative, Indicator
point out/show/one who 173
shows forefinger
498. indulgere - give oneself Indulge, Indulgence
up to, be complaisant / 173
kind
499. industria - diligence, Industrious 173
activity
500. ingenu - honest Disingenuous, Ingenious, Ingenue, Ingenuity, Ingenuous 173
501. insula - island Insular, Insularity, Insulate, Insulation, Insulator, Insulin, Isolated, Peninsula 173
502. integ - whole, Integer, Integral, Integrate, Integrity
174
untouched, intact
503. intel / inter - between, Intellect, Intelligence, Intelligent, Intelligibility, Intelligible, Inter alia, Inter grade,
among Intercalate, Intercede, Intercept, Interdict, Interesting, Interfere, Interference, Interfuse,
Intergalactic, Interim, Interject, Interlace, Interleave, Interlinear, Interlingua, Interlocution,
174
Interlocutor, Interloper, Interlude, Interlunar, Intermediary, Intermediate, Intermittent,
Intermittently, Intermolecular, Interpellate, Interpolate, Interpose, Interracial, Interrogate,
Interrupt, Intersect, Intersperse, Interstate, Interval, Intervene, Intervocalic,
Introspection, Unintelligible.
504. intra/intro - inside, Intramural, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Intrinsic, Introduce, Introspective, Introvert, 176
within
505. invitare - to invite, to Invitation, Invite, Vie, 176
summon, challenge
506. ira / ire - anger, wrath, Irascible, Irate, Ire
176
rage
507. iris /irid - rainbow Iridescent, Iridium 176
508. iso / isos - equal, same Isobar, Isometric, Isosceles, Isotherm, Isotope 176
509. itiner - journey, road Itinerant, Itinerary 176
J
510. jade - disreputable Jaded 177
511. ject/jet - to throw Abject, Conjecture, Dejected, Eject, Inject, Interject, Interjection, Jet, Jetliner, Jetsam,
177
Jettison, Object, Project, Projectile, Reject, Rejection, Subject, Trajectory
512. jocus - a joke, jest Jocose, Jocular, Jocund, Joke
178
wordplay
513. join - join, attach, Adjoin, Conjoin, Disjointed, Enjoin, Join, Joint, Jointly, Rejoin, Rejoinder, Subjoin
178
form a link
514. journ - pertaining to the Adjourn, Journal, Journalist, Journey, Journeyman, Sojourn
178
day, daily
515. jovialis - of jupiter Jovial
178
"roman god of the sky"
516. jud / judic - law, right, Adjudicate, Adjudicator, Injudicious, Judge, Judge, Judgment, Judicatory, Judicature,
179
judge Judicial, Judiciary, Judicious, Prejudice, Prejudicial
517. jug/jugum - yoke Conjugal, Conjugation, Jugular, Subjugate, Subjugation 179
518. junct - to join, attach Adjunct, Conjunct, Conjunction, Conjunctive, Disjunction, Injunction, Junction,
179
Juncture, Junta, Subjunctive
519. jur/jurat/just - to swear, Adjuration, Conjure, De jure, Juridical, Jurisdiction, Jurisprudence, Jurist, Juror,
180
law, right Jury, Just, Justice, Perjure, Perjury
520. juvenis - young man, Juvenile, Juvenilia, Rejuvenate
180
a young person
521. juxta - near, next Adjust, Adjustment, Juxtapose 180
K
522. kasta/kaste/cast-to throw Broadcast, Cast, Downcast, Telecast 180
523. kine/kinein - to move, Cinematic, Cinematography, Kinesthesiology, Kinesthetic, Kinetic, Psychokinesis, 181
to set in motion Telekinesis
524. kilo - thousand Kilobyte, Kilogram, Kilojoule, Kilometer 181
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
L 01-01
525. labi/laps - to slip, to fall Collapse, Elapse, Lapse, Relapse 182
526. labor/laborat - to work Collaborate, Collaborator, Elaborate, Laboratory, Laborious, Labour 182
527. lact - milk Lactate, Lactation, Lactose 182
528. lacus - lake, hole, pit Lagoon, Lake, Lacuna 182
529. laessa - smaller, fewer, Lessen 182
soft, gentle
530. lager/ lectus - bed, Litter
lounge, sofa, dining 182
couch, a lying down
531. lakon - laconia, sparta Laconic 182
532. lamenta - wailing, Lament, Lamentable, Lamenting 183
weepin g
533. lanchar - swift, nimble, Launch, Launched
hurl a missile, 183
discharge with force
534. langu - be sluggish, Languid, Languish, Languor, Languorous 183
wilt, lack vigor
535. lat / latus - borne, Ablation, Collate, Collation, Correlate, Correlation, Correlative, Dilatory, Elate, Elated, 183
carried Elation, Interrelate, Oblate, Oblation, Relate, Relation, Relative, Superlative, Translate.
536. latent - being hidden, Latent 184
being concealed
537. lateral - side Bilateral, Collateral, Collateralize, Equilateral, Lateral, Laterally, Multilateral,
184
Quadrilateral, Trilateral, Unilateral
538. latry - worship of Bibliolatry, Demonolatry, Heliolatry, Iconolatry, Idolatry, Necrolatry, Zoolatry. 184
539. latus - wide, broad Dilatation, Dilate, Latitude, Latitudinarian 184
540. lau / lav/ lug/ lut/ luv - Ablution, Alluvium, Deluge, Dilute, Elution, Launder, Laundry, Lava, Lavatory,
184
to wash Lavish, Lavishly
541. laud - praise, commend, Laud, Laudable, Laudatory, Magna cum laude, Summa cum laude 185
honor, eulogize
542. lax/laxus - loose, take Lax, Laxative, Laxity, Lease, Relaxed 185
one's eas e
543. lead/lid - to strike, harm Collide, Collision, Elide, Elision, Lesion. 185
544. lect/leg - to gather, Collect, Collectible, Collection, Collective, Culled, Eclectic, Eclecticism, Elect, Electable,
choose, pluck Election, Elegant, Eligible, Elite, Legacy, Legion, Neglect, Predilection, Recollection, 185
Re-elect, Select, Selection, Selective
545. lect/ legein - to speak, Dialect, Dialectic, Lectern, Lecture, Lecturer, Legend, Legible
186
read, to pick out words
546. leg / legis / lex - law, Delegate, Illegal, Illegitimate, Legal, Legally, Legislate, Legislation, Legislature,
contract, calm Legitimate, Lex, Loyal, Loyalty, Privilege 187
regulation, principle,
rule
547. leipein / lips - to leave Eclipse, Ellipse, Ellipsis, Elliptic. 187
548. lenis - mild, gentle, calm Lenient 187
549. leon/ lion - lion, hero Chameleon, Chameleonic, Dandelion, Leonine, Lion, Lioness, Lionhearted, Lionization, 187
Lionize
550. letalis/lethargos/ Lethal, Lethargic, Lethargy
lethum - deadly, fatal, 188
death, forgetful,
inactive, drowsy
551. lev/levi/ levis - light in Alleviate, Elevate, Elevation, Elevator, Irrelevant, Leaven, Levee, Lever, Leverage,
weight, to lift, to raise, Levitate, Levity, Levy, Relevant, Relieve 188
to rise
552. lex/lexis - to speak, word Alexia, Dyslexia, Lexeme, Lexical, Lexicon, Lexicographer, Lexicography, Lexicology,
188
speaking or reading
553. li/lier/ligare/loy - to Allegiance, Alliance, Alloy, Ally, Irreligious, League, Liability, Liable, Liaison, Liege, Lien,
bind, tie, link Ligament, Ligaments, Misalliance, Obligation, Obligatory, Oblige, Reliance, Reliant, 189
Religion, Religious
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
554. liber/libr - book Libel, Library, Librarian 190
555. liber - to free Liberal, Liberate, Liberticide, Libertine, Liberty 190
556. lic - be allowed, it is Leisure, Leisurely, Licence 190
permitted
557. lict/ linque - to leave, Delinquency, Delinquent, Derelict, Dereliction, Eclipse, Ellipse, Relic, Relinquish
left behind, abandoned, 190
forsaken
558. lieu/loc/loca - a place, Echolocation, Lieu, Lieutenant, Local, Locale, Locality, Locate, Location, Locomote,
190
spot, locality Locomotive, Milieu, Relocate
559. limin - doorway, Eliminate, Elimination, Prelim, Preliminary, Subliminal
191
threshold, boundary
560. limit/ limitare - Delimit, Illimitable, Limit, Limitation, Limited, Limitless, Unlimited,
191
boundary, fix
561. lin/ lign / linea - a line, Airline, Align, Alignment, Delineate, Eyeliner, Headline, Interlinear, Line, Lineage,
string, thread Lineal, Lineament, Linear, Lineman, Linen, Lineup, Misaligned, Outline, Shoreline, 191
Underline, Waistline
562. lingu - language, tongue Audiolingual, Bilingual, Interlingual, Lingual, Linguist, Linguistic, Linguistics 192
563. liqu - to melt, be fluid/ Deliquesce, Deliquescent, Liquefaction, Liquefy, Liquid, Liquidate, Liquidated,
192
liquid Liquidation, Liquor, Prolix
564. lit - lawsuit, bring suit Allegation, Allege, Litigation 192
565. liter - letter, script, Alliterate, Alliteration, Alliterator, Illiterate, Letter, Litany, Literacy, Literal, Literalism,
litera Literalist, Literary, Literate, Literation, Literature, Literatus, Obliterate, Obliteration, 192
Obliterative, Transliterate, Transliteration
566. lith / litho - stone Lithograph, Litholatry, Lithology, Monolith, Neolithic, Paleolithic 193
567. liv /liflic - living, Alive, Life, Lively
193
animate, energetic
568. lividus - of a bluish Livid
194
color, black-and-blue
569. loath - hated, disgust Loathe, Loathsome 194
570. locu/loqu - to speak, talk, Alloquy, Altiloquent, Ambiloquent, Ambiloquy, Anteloquy, Antiloquist, Antiloquy, Biloquist,
say Blandiloquent, Breviloquent, Cacoloquy, Circumlocution, Circumloquy, Colloquial,
Colloquialism, Colloquy, Doctiloquent, Dulciloquy, Elocution, Eloquence, Eloquent,
194
Eloquently, Gaudiloquent, Inaniloquent, Ineloquent, Interlocutor, Locution, Loquacious,
Magniloquent, Maniloquism, Melliloquent, Obloquy, Omniloquent, Pauciloquence,
Pectoriloquy, Sanctiloquent, Soliloquy, Somniloquy, Vaniloquence, Ventriloquist
571. log/logy - word, speech, Analogous, Analogy, Anthologize, Anthology, Apologetic, Apologia, Apologize, Apologue,
study, reason, doctrine, Apology, Axiology, Catalog, Chronological, Dialogue, Epilogue, Eulogy, Grammalogue,
discourse Homologous, Ideology, Logic, Logical, Logistics, Logogram, Misologist, Neologism, 195
Nephrologist, Pathological, Prologue, Psephologist, Rhinology, Speleology, Syllogism,
Tautology, Teleology, Urologist, Urology
572. long/ longus - long Elongate, Elongation, Longevity, Longitude, Longitudinal, Lounge, Lunge, Oblong,
196
Prolong, Prolonged, Purloin
573. lu/luc/lucid/lumin/ Elucidate, Illuminate, Illumination, Illumine, Illustrate, Illustration, Illustrative,
lustr - light, glow, bright, Illustrious, Lacklustre/Lackluster, Lucid, Luminary, Luminescence, Luminescent, 197
clear, gloss, radiance Luminosity, Luminous, Luster/Lustre, Lustrous, Translucent
574. luct - to struggle, fight Ineluctable, Reluctance, Reluctant
197
against
575. lud / lus - to play Allude, Collude, Delude, Delusion, Disillusion, Disillusioned, Elude, Illusion, Interlude,
198
Ludic, Ludicrous, Lure, Postlude, Prolusion
576. luein/lys/lyst/lyein - Analysis, Analyst, Analytic / Analytical, Analyze, Catalysis, Catalyst, Catalytic,
to loosen, untie, divide, Catalyze/Catalyse, Dialysis, Electrolysis, Electrolyte, Hydrolysis, Palsy, Paralysis, 198
cut apart Paralytic, Paralyze/Paralyse
577. lugere/ lugubris-to mourn Lugubrious 199
578. luna/lunar - moon Interlunar, Lunar, Lunacy, Lunatic 199
579. lurken - to hide, Lurk
199
lie hidden
580. luxuria - luxury Luxuria/ Luxus, Luxuriant, Luxuriate, Luxurious, Luxury 199
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
M 01-01
581. machin - device, plan, Machinate, Machination, Machine, Machinery, Machinist 200
trick, artifice, tool
582. maci/macrum-thin, lean Emaciated, Emaciation, Meager/Meagre, Meagerness 200
583. macro - large, long Macro economics, Macrobiotic, Macrocosm, Macron 200
584. magdalene-tearful, Maudlin
weeping sinner
200
585. magister/maistre-chief, Maestro, Master, Mastery
head, director, teacher
200
586. magn/magna/ Magnanimous, Magnate, Magnificent, Magnificence, Magnify, Magniloquent,
201
magni-great, large Magnitude, Magnum, Magnum opus, Majesty
587. maiandros / meander - Meander
confusion, a winding 201
course
588. maison / man / mane - Immanence, Immanent, Impermanence, Mansion, Permanence, Permanent, Remain,
to dwell, stay, Remainder, Remains, Remnant 201
remain, house
589. major - greater, larger Major, Majorette/Durm-Majorette, Majority 202
590. mal / male - bad, evil, Dismal, Maladroit, Malady, Malaise, Malapert, Malcontent, Malediction, Maleficent,
wrong Male fide, Malevolence, Malevolent, Malfeasance, Malice, Malicious, Malign, 202
Malignant, Malinger, Malnutrition, Malodorous, Maltreat.
591. malleus - a hammer Malleable, Mallet 203
592. man/mani/manus - hand Manage, Mandate, Maneuver, Manicure, Manifest, Manipulate, Manual, Manufacture,
203
Manumit, Manuscript, Mismanage
593. mancy - divination Bibliomancy, Chiromancy, Geomancy, Hydromancy, Necromancy, Oneiromancy,
203
Pyromancy
594. mand - order, Command, Commendation, Demand, Mandatory, Recommend, Remand
203
entrust, enjoin
595. mandere - to chew Mandible 204
596. mania - excessive desire, Agoramania, Anglomania, Anthomania, Bibliomania, Cynomania, Demomania,
mental disorder Dipsomania, Egomania, Ergomania, Hippomania, Idolomania, Kleptomania, Kleptomaniac, 204
Logomania, Mania, Megalomania, Monomania, Mythomania, Nosomania, Pyromania
597. mant/mantel/mantum - Dismantle, Manta, Mantle, Portmanteau 204
cloak, blanket
598. mari - sea Marine, Mariner, Maritime 205
599. mars / martialis - of mars Martial
205
or war (roman god of war)
600. martur/martyr- witness Martyr 205
601. mass / massif - lump, Amass, Massif, Massive 205
heap, pile, bulky, solid
602. mater / metr - mother Alma mater, Maternal, Maternity, Matriarch, Matricide, Matrilineal, Matrimony,
205
Matron, Matronymic, Matter, Metro, Metroplex, Metropolis, Metropolitan
603. math-learn, understand Math/ Mathematics, Mathematical, Mathematician, Polymath 205
604. matur/maturus-make Immature, Immaturity, Maturate, Maturation, Mature, Maturity, Premature,
ripe, timely, early Prematurely 206
605. maxim/maxima - largest Maxim, Maximal, Maximize, Maximum
206
or most important
606. mazos - breast Amastia, Amazon, Gynecomastia, Mastectomy, Mastitis, Mastodon, Mastoid,
206
Mastrophobia
607. meare-to pass, proceed, Impermeable, Permeability, Permeable, Permeate
change, go
206
608. mearu / Melwe - Soft, Mellow
206
sweet, juicy
609. medi/medium/medius - Immediate, Intermediate, Media, Median, Mediator, Mediocre, Medium
between, the middle, 206
midst
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
610. medlee/medler/mel/ Meddle, Meddlesome, Medley, Melange, Melee, Pell-mell
miscere - to mix, blend, 207
mingle
611. meilleur/melior - better Ameliorate/Meliorate, Amelioration, Ameliorative 207
612. mel / melos - song, music Melisma, Melodious, Melodrama, Melodramatic, Melody 207
613. mel/mellis - honey Mellifluous, Melliloquent, Molasses 207
614. melan - black Melancholia, Melancholy, Melanesia, Melanin, Melanoma 207
615. memo/memor/memorial- Commemorate, Commemoration, Commemorative, Immemorial, Memoir, Memorabilia,
to mind, relate, remind, Memorable, Memorandum, Memorial, Memorised, Memory, Remember, Unmemorable 208
memory, worth
mentioning
616. men/mener/minari - Amenable, Demean, Demeaning, Demeanor, Menace, Mien, Minatory, Misdemeanor,
threaten, to drive Promenade 208
(cattle) with shouts,
to lead, direct
617. mend / menda - fault, Amend, Amendment, Emend, Emendation, Mend, Mendacious, Mendacity, Mendicant
defect, lying, blemish, 209
Deceitful
618. mens/mense/mensura - a Commensurate, Dimension, Immense, Incommensurable, Measure, Mensuration, 209
measuring, measure out
619. ment / mens - mind Demented, Dementia, Memento, Mental, Mentality, Mention, Mentor, Reminiscent 209
620. merce - to trade, Commerce, Commercial, Commercialism, Commercialize, Mercantile, Merchandise,
210
merchandise Merchandising, Merchant
621. mercedis / merces - pay, Mercenary
210
reward, wages
622. merci - pity, kindness, Merciless, Mercy
210
grace, reward, gift
623. mercurius - mercury Mercurial, Mercury 210
624. merg / merse - plunge, Demerge, Emerge, Emergency, Emergent, Immerse, Immersible, Immersion, Merge,
210
dip in, overwhelm Merger, Reemerge, Submerge, Submersible
625. merit - earned, gained, Demerit, Emeriti, Emeritus, Meretricious, Merit, Meritorious
211
deserved, be hired
626. mes / mis - adversely, Misadventure, Mischief, Mischievous, Miscreant, Misnomer
211
wrongly
627. metus - fear, dread, Meticulous
211
apprehension, anxiety
628. micro - small Microbiology, Microcosm, Micronesia, Microscope 211
629. migra - moved, Emigrant/Emigre, Emigration, Immigrant, Migrant, Migration, Transmigration
211
to remove, depart
630. mil/milit - soldier Militant, Military, Militate, Militia 212
631. mille/milli - thousand Millennium, Milliliter, Millimeter, Million 212
632. meter - measure Ammeter, Anemometer, Barometer, Diameter, Manometer, Meter, Metering, Thermometer 212
633. mime/mimos - imitator, Mime, Mimeograph, Mimic, Mimicry, Pantomime 212
mimic, actor, mime
634. min/ minere - to project, Eminence, Eminent, Imminence, Imminent, Pre-eminent, Prominence, Prominent 213
to hang over, jut out
635. min/minu/minium/ Diminish, Diminutive, Miniature, Minibeast, Minicam, Minor
minusculus - make small, Minority, Minuscule / Miniscule, 213
red lead, illuminate
636. ministr - serve, trade, Administer, Administration, Administrator, Minister, Ministerial, Ministrations/
213
profession Ministration, Ministry, Minstrel
637. mirari - to wonder at Marvel, Marvellous 214
638. mis/miss/mit/mitt - send, Admission, Amiss, Commission, Commit, Committee, Compromise, Demise, Dismiss,
let go, improper, wrong Dismissive, Emissary, Emission, Emit, Intermission, Intermittent, Manumission,
Misconstrue, Missile, Mission, Missionary, Missive, Omission, Permit, Premise, Premises, 214
Promising, Remiss, Remission, Remit, Remittance, Submission, Submissive, Submit,
Surmise, Transmissible, Transmission, Transmit, Transmitter
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
639. mis/miso - to hate Misandry, Misanthrope, Misogamist, Misogynist, Misogyny, Misologist, Misoneism,
215
Misotheism
640. misc - to mix Immiscible, Miscellaneous, Miscible, Promiscuous 216
641. miser-unhappy, Commiserate, Miser, Miserable, Miseries, Misery
wretched, 216
pitiable, wretchedness
642. mitig - soft, gentle, Mitigate, Mitigation, Unmitigated
216
pacify, soothe
643. mne/mnemon/mnestis - Amnesia, Amnesty, Hypermnesia, Mnemonics, Promnesia
mind, remembrance, 216
mindful, memory
644. mob/mobile/mot/mov - Automobile, Immobile, Immobility, Immobilize, Immovable, Mob, Mobile, Mobility,
active, move, quick, Mobilization, Mobilize, Mobilized, Motile, Movement, Moving 217
moving
645. mocquer - deride, jeer Mock, Mockery 217
646. moderat - reduced, Immoderate, Moderate 217
controlled
647. modus - measure, Immodest, Modest, Modicum, Modify, Modulate, 217
manner, method
648. mol/molu-to crush, grind Emoluments/Emolument, Immolate, Immolation, Molar 217
649. mollis - soft Emollient, Mollify 218
650. moment/momentum - Moment, Momentarily, Momentary, Momentous, Momentum
a short time, instant, 218
movement, motion
651. mon/monit - to warn, Admonish, Admonition, Monitor, Monster, Monstrosity, Monstrous, Premonition, 218
to remind, give warning Summon
652. mon/mono - one, single, Monad, Monandry, Monanthous, Monarch, Monarchy, Monastery, Monocarpic,
alone Monochromatic, Monocle, Monocracy, Monocular, Monocyclic, Monogamy, Monoglot,
Monograph, Monogyny, Monolingual, Monolith, Monolithic, Monologue, Monomania, 218
Monomorphic, Monophagous, Monophobia, Monophony, Monopoly, Monopsony,
Monosyllable, Monotheism, Monotheist, Monotonous
653. mondain - of this world, Mundane
219
worldly, earthly, secular
654. monstr - to show, Demonstrate, Demonstration, Demonstrational, Demonstrator, Monstrification,
point out, to remind Monument, Monumental, Muster, Musterer, Remonstrate, Remonstration, Undemonstrative 219
655. monter/mount - Amount, Dismount, Insurmountable, Montage, Mount, Mountain, Mountebank,
220
mountain, to go up, to rise Paramount, Promontory, Remount, Surmount, Tantamount
656. moral - custom, manner Amoral, Demoralizing, Immoral, Moral, Moral, Morale, Morality, Mores, Morose 220
657. morb/morbus - disease, Morbid, Morbidity, Premordid
221
sickness
658. morph - shape, form Amorphous, Anthropomorphic, Anthropomorphism, Metamorphic, Metamorphose,
221
Metamorphosis, Morph, Morpheme, Morpheus, Morphine, Morphology, Polymorphous
659. morat /mur - to delay, Demur, Demure, Demurely, Moratorium
stay behind, pause, 222
mature
660. mors - a bite, small Morsel, Remorse, Remorseful, Remorseless 222
piece of food
661. mort - dead, death, Antemortem, Immortal, Moribund, Mortal, Mortality, Mortgage, Mortician, Mortify,
222
destined to die Mortmain, Mortuary, Post-mortem, Rigor mortis
662. mot /mote/motio/mov - Commotion, Demote, Motion, Motive, Motor, Movable, Move, Movie, Mutinous, Promote,
222
to move Promoting, Remove, Removing
663. mousa - muse Museum 223
664. multi - many Multicolored, Multifarious, Multilateral, Multilingual, Multimillionaire, Multiple, 223
Multitude, Multitudinous.
665. mun/mune/muni - Immune, Immunity, Immunize, Municipal, Municipality, Munificence, Munificent,
service, ready for, gift, Remunerate, Remuneration, Remunerative 224
public service
666. mur - wall Extramural, Immure, Intermural, Intramural, Mural 224
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
667. murmurare - mutter, Murmur
224
rumbling noise
668. mute/mut - to change Commute, Mutable, Mutate, Mutation, Mutilate, Permutation, Transmute 224
669. mynet - a vast sum of Mint
225
money
670. myth - story Myth, Mythic, Mythology 225
N
671. narke / narkoun - Narcissism, Narcissist, Narcissistic, Narcissus
225
numbness, deadness
672. narco/narke - numbness Narcolepsy, Narcosis, Narcotic, Narcotize 225
673. narrat - to tell, relate, Narrate, Narration, Narrative, Narrator
225
recount, explain
674. nai/nasc/nat - to be born, Antenatal, Cognate, Innate, Naïve, Nascent, Natality, Native, Nativism, Nativity,
225
natural Natural, Neonatal, Neonatology, Perinatal, Postnatal, Prenatal, Renaissance
675. naus/naut/navis - Aquanaut, Circumnavigate, Nausea, Nauseous, Nautical, Nautilus, Naval, Navigate,
226
sailor, ship, boat Navy
676. nebula - mist, vapor, Nebula, Nebulous
226
fog, smoke
677. nect / nex - to tie, bind, Annex, Annexation, Connect, Connectedness, Connection, Disconnect, Disconnected,
fasten Interconnect, Interconnected, Interconnectedness, Interconnectivity, Nexus, Reconnect, 226
Unconnected
678. nega/neg - to deny, Abnegation, Denial, Deny, Negate, Negation, Negative, Neglected, Negligence, Negligent,
227
say no Negligible, Negotiation, Renegade, Renege
679. negro/nigro - black Negro, Negrophile, Negrophobia, Nigger 227
680. nemesis - give what is due Nemesis 228
681. neo - new, recent Neoclassic, Neocolonialism, Neogamist, Neogenesis, Neolithic, Neologism, NEON,
228
Neonatal, Neonate, Neonatology, Neophobia, Neophyte, Neoplasm, Neoteric
682. nerv - vigor, nerve, Enervate, Nerve, Nerveless, Nervous, Nervousness, Nervy, Unnerve, Unnerving
determination, nerve, 228
sinew
683. nes/nesos - island Dodecanese, Indonesia, Micronesia, Polynesia 228
684. nicholas - simpleton Nincompoop 229
685. nihil - nothing Annihilate, Nihilism, Nihilist, Nil 229
686. nipote - nephew Nepotism 229
687. nobl - well known, Ennoble, Ignoble, Nobiliary, Nobility, Noble, Nobleman, Nobleness, Noblewoman, Nobly
229
famous, renowned
688. necro - death Necromancer, Necromancy, Necrophilia, Necropolis, Necropsy, Necrosis 229
689. nec/nic/noc / nox - Equinox, Innocence, Innocent, Innocuous, Internecine, Nocturnal, Nocturne, Noxious,
230
harm, night Nuisance, Obnoxious, Pernicious
690. nom/nomos/nomy - Agronomics, Agronomy, Anomie, Astronomical, Astronomy, Autonomous, Autonomy,
management, Economics, Economy, Gastronomy, Ignominious, Metronome, Nomology, Numismatics, 230
arrangement, law, Numismatist, Semiautonomous, Taxonomy, Theonomous
custom
691. nomin - name Binomial, Denominator, Nom de Plume, Nomenclature, Nominate, Nomination, 231
Nominee, Noun, Pronominal
692. non - not Nonchalant, Noncommittal, Nonconformist, Nondescript, Nonentity, Nonfinite,
231
Nongradable, Nonpareil, Nonplussed, Nonpolitical, Nonsense, Nonstop
693. norm - rule, pattern, Abnormal, Abnormality, Enormity, Enormous, Norm, Normal, Normalcy, Normality,
standard, carpenter's Normalize, Normative, Subnormal 232
square
694. nostos - homecoming Nostalgia 232
695. not/noto/notic - Notice, Noticeable, Notify, Notoriety, Notorious, Unnoticeable
gotten to know, 232
found out
696. nota - to mark, sign, Annotate, Annotation, Connotation, Connotative, Connote, Denotation, Denotative,
232
make a note Denote, Keynote, Notability, Notable, Notarize, Notate, Notation, Note, Notebook
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
697. nounc /nunc / nunci - Announce, Announcement, Annunciation, Denounce, Denunciation, Enunciate, Nuncio,
messenger, message, Pronounce, Pronounced, Pronouncement, Renunciation, Unannounced, Unpronounced 233
report, declare
698. nov / nova / novel - Innovate, Nova, Novel, Novelty, Novice, Novitiate, Renovate 233
make new
699. nub - to marry Connubial, Nubile, Nuptial 234
700. nud / nude - to bare, Denude, Nude, Nudism, Nudist, Nudity
naked, to strip
234
701. nul/null - none, nothing Annul, Annulment, Null, Nullification, Nullify, Nullity 234
702. numer -number, to count Enumerate, Innumerable, Numeracy, Numeral, Numerator, Numerologist, Numerology,
234
Numerous, Supernumerary
703. nutr - nourish Malnourished, Malnutrition, Nourishment, Nurture, Nurtured, Nutrient, Nutriment,
235
Nutrition, Nutritional, Nutritive
O
704. ob/oc/of/op - toward, Obedience, Obedient, Obese, Obfuscate, Object, Objection, Obligatory, Oblique, Obliterate,
to, against, completely Obscene, Obscure, Obscurity, Obsolete, Obstacle, Obstinate, Obstreperous, Obstruct, Obtain, 236
over, opposite, Obtrude, Obtuse, Obverse, Occasion, Occidental, Occlude, Occult, Occupation, Occupied,
in front of Occupy, Offbeat, Oppose, Opprobrium, Ostentatious, Uproar
705. obire/obitus - death, Obit, Obituary
237
to die
706. oblivio - cause to Oblivion, Oblivious, Obliviousness
disappear, erase, efface, 237
forgetfulness
707. oculus/op/ops/opsis/opt- Autopsy, Binocular, Binoculars, Biopsy, Cyclops, Inoculate, Monocle, Monocular, Myopia,
sight, eye Myopic, Necropsy, Ocular, Oculist, Oculus, Ophthalmologist, Optic, Optical, Optician, 237
Optometrist, Synopsis
708. ode - lyrics, song, poem Melody, Ode, Parody, Prosody, Rhapsodic, Rhapsodize, Rhapsody, Threnody 238
709. odium - hatred Odious, Odium 238
710. oeno - wine Oenology, Oenomania, Oenophile 238
711. offend/offens - Inoffensive, Offence / Offense, Offend, Offensive, Reoffend
strike against, to hit
239
712. offic - duty, a service, Office, Officer, Official, Officiate, Officiator, Officious, Unofficial
239
kindness, favor
713. oint - smear with oil Anoint, Ointment 239
714. ol / ole - smell Olfaction, Olfactory, Redolence, Redolent 239
715. oligo - few, little, small Oligarchy, Oligopoly, Oligotrophy, Oliguria 239
716. ology/logy - study of, Agrology, Anthropologist, Anthropology, Archaeology, Astrology, Audiology, Bacteriology,
science Biology, Cardiologist, Cardiology, Chronology, Cosmology, Cryobiology, Cytology, Dendrology,
Ecology, Embryology, Entomologist, Entomology, Epidemiology, Ethnology, Etiology,
Etymology, Gastrology, Genealogy, Geology, Gerontology, Hydrology, Iconology, Immunology, 240
Lexicologist, Lexicology, Limnology, Lithology, Microbiology, Mythology, Neurologist,
Neurology, Nomology, Odontology, Oncology, Ophiology, Ophthalmology, Ornithology, Osteology,
Otology, Paleontology, Pathology, Pedology, Physiology, Phytology, Psephology,
Psychology, Radiologist, Radiology, Seismology, Selenology, Sociology, Theology, Zoology
717. omin - omen, Abominable, Abomination, Omen, Ominous
242
foreboding, sign
718. omni - all Omnibus, Omnidirectional, Omnificent, Omniloquent, Omnipotent, Omnipresent,
242
Omniscient, Omnivore
719. oner/onus - a burden Exonerate, Onerous, Onus 242
720. onym - name, word Acronym, Anonymous, Anonymously, Antonym, Cryptonym, Eponym, Heteronym,
Homonym, Hyponym, Matronymic, Metonymy, Patronymic, Pseudonym, Retronym, 242
Synonym, Toponym.
721. opacus - darkened Opacity, Opal, Opalescent, Opaque 243
722. oper/ opus - to work Cooperate, Cooperation, Inoperable, Magnumopus, Manoeuvre/ Maneuver, Oeuvre,
Opera, Operable, Operate 243
723. ophis - serpent Ophidian, Ophidiophobia, Ophiomancy, Ophiophagous 244
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
724. opin - think, believe, Opine, Opinion, Opinionated
suppose
244
725. opt - choose, wish, Adopt, Adoption, Opt, Option, Optional
244
desire
726. optim/optimus - the best Optimal, Optimist, Optimistic, Optimize, Optimum 244
727. orient / origo / origin - Aboriginal, Aborigine, Disorient, Orient, Orientation, Oriented, Origin, Original,
to rise, begin, Reorient, Reorientation 244
commencement
728. ora - speak, mouth Adorable, Adoration, Adore, Inexorable, Oracle, Oracular, Oral, Oralism, Oration,
245
Orator, Oratory, Orifice, Orotund, Peroration
729. oram - a sight, view, Diorama, Panorama, Panoramic
245
spectacle
730. orb/orbita - circle, wheel Exorbitance, Exorbitant, Orb, Orbit
245
track
731. orceard - fruit garden Orchard 245
732. ord / ordin - order, Coordinate, Disorder, Extraordinary, Inordinate, Ordain, Order, Ordinal, Ordinary,
245
position, regulation Subordinate
733. organ - Disorganization, Disorganize, Disorganized / Disorganised, Inorganic, Organ, Organelle,
furnished with organs, Organic, Organism, Organist, Organization, Organizational, Organize, Organized, 246
to construct, establish Reorganize, Unorganized
734. oriri - be born, appear, Abort, Abortion, Abortive
arise 246
735. ornat / orn - adorned, Adorn, Adorned, Adorner, Adornment, Ornament, Ornate
fitted out, furnished, 247
decorated
736. orphan- parentless child Orphan, Orphanage 247
737. oscillat- swung, to swing Oscillate, Oscillation, Oscillator, Oscilloscope 247
738. osmos- a push, thrusting Osmosis 247
739. ossi/osteo - bone Ossify, Ossuary, Osteology, Osteomyelitis, Osteopath, Osteotomy 247
740. oti/otium - ease, leisure Negotiable, Negotiate, Negotiation, Negotiator, Nonnegotiable, Otiose 247
741. out - outward, outer, Outbid, Outdo, Outdoor, Outgoing, Outlandish
248
forth, away
742. ov / ovum / ovi - egg Oval, Ovarian, Ovary, Oviparous, Ovum 248
743. ovare - exult / rejoice / Ovation
triumph
248
744. oxy/oxys - sharp, keen, Oxygen, Oxygenate, Oxymoron, Paroxysm
acid
248
P
745. pac / peac / peas - peace Appease, Pacific, Pacifism, Pacifist, Pacify, Peace 248
746. pact - fasten, drive in, Compact, Compacted, Compactness, Impact, Pact
249
peace, agreement
747. paene - nearly, almost, Penurious, Penury
249
practically
748. paenitere - be sorry, Penance
249
feel regret
749. palatium- palace, Palatial
magnificent
249
750. pale / pall - be pale Appalled, Pale, Pallid, Pallor 249
751. palpa - feel, touch gently Impalpable, Palpable, Palpitate, Palpitation 249
752. pan - all Panacea, Pancreas, Pandemic, Pandemonium, Panegyric, Pangaea, Panmnesia, Panoply,
249
Panoptic, Panorama, Panthalassa, Pantheism, Pantheon, Pantograph, Pantomime
753. pan/pani/panis - bread Accompaniment, Appanage, Companion, Companionable, Companionship, Company,
Paneity, Pantry 250
754. par/part/pert -give birth, Antepartum, Apparition, Biparous, Grandparent, Multipara, Oviparous, Parent,
come forth Parentage, Parturition, Postpartum, Repertoire, Repertory, Transparency, Transparent, 250
Transparently, Viviparous
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
755. par/pareil - equal, Comparable, Compare, Disparage, Disparate, Disparity, Incomparable, Nonpareil, Par,
compare Parity 251
756. para - beside, alongside, Parable, Parabola, Paradigm, Paradox, Paragon, Paragraph, Parallel, Paralysis,
position, contrary to Paranoia, Paranoid, Paraphernalia, Paraphrase, Parasite, Parasol, Parasomnia, 251
Parody
757. parare - prepare, Apparatus, Irreparable, Rampart
make ready
252
758. parcere - be sparing, Parsimony
252
too little
759. parl - talk, speak Parlance, Parley, Parliament, Parlor 252
760. part - to part, divide Depart, Impart, Impartial, Nonpartisan, Partial, Partially, Partisan 252
761. pass - step, pace Compass, Encompass, Impassable, Impasse, Overpass, Pace, Pass, Passable, Passage,
Passageway, Passenger, Passerby, Password, Surpass, Trespass, Underpass, Unsurpassed 253
762. pass / pati - suffer, Compassion, Compassionate, Compatible, Dispassionate, Impassioned, Impassive,
to endure undergo, Passion, Passionate, Passionless, Passive, Passivity, Patience 253
experience
763. pasta - dough, paste, Pasta, Paste, Pastel, Pastiche, Pastry, Pasty, Patisserie
pastry cake 254
764. pastor/pastus-herdsman, Pastor, Pastoral, Pasture, Pester, Repast 254
shepherd,to feed, graze
765. patr / pater - father, Eupatrid, Expatriate, Paternal, Paternity, Patriarch, Patricide, Patrilineal, Patrimony,
254
fatherland Patriot, Patriotism, Patron, Patronage, Patronized, Patronymic, Repatriate
766. pathe/patho/pathy - Allopathy, Antipathy, Apathetic, Apathy, Empathy, Histopathology, Homeopathy, Myopathy,
disease, feeling, Naturopathy, Nonpathogenic, Pathetic, Pathogen, Pathogenesis, Pathology, Pathos, 255
suffering Psychopath, Psychopathology, Psychopathy, Sympathetic, Sympathy, Telepathy
767. pau/paucus/puer - few, Pauciloquent, Paucity, Puerile
256
little, small, child
768. pecca - to sin Impeccable, Peccadillo 256
769. pecul/pecuni - money, Impecunious, Peculation, Peculiar, Peculiarity, Pecuniary
property
256
770. ped/pedo - child (greek) Pedagogue, Pedant, Pedantic, Pediatrician, Pedophile 256
771. ped/pod/pus - foot, Antipodes, Arthropod, Biped, Bipod, Brachiopod, Centipede, Cephalopod, Chiropodist,
feet (latin) Chiropody, Expedient, Expedite, Expedition, Foul, Gastropod, Impede, Impediment, 256
Octopus, Pedestrian, Pedicab, Pedicure, Pedigree, Pedometer, Podiatrist, Podiatry,
Podium, Quadruped, Sauropod
772. peg - plug, peg Peg 257
773. peira - trial, experiment Empirical, Empiricism, Experience, Expert, Piracy, Pirate, Piratical 257
774. pel/pell/puls - to drive Appeal, Appellant, Compel, Compelled, Compulsion, Compulsive, Compulsory, Dispel,
258
Expel, Impel, Propel, Propellant, Propeller, Repel, Repulse, Repulsed, Repulsion
775. pen - almost Penannular, Peneplain/ Peneplane, Peninsula, Penultimate 258
776. pencher - to incline, lean Penchant 258
777. pend / pens - to hang, Append, Appendage, Appendix, Compendium, Compensate, Compensation, Depend,
to weigh, to pay Dependable, Dependence, Dependent, Dispensary, Dispense, Dispenser, Expend,
Expenditure, Expensive, Impending, Independence, Independent, Indispensable, Pendant, 258
Pending, Pendulous, Pendulum, Pensive, Ponderous, Spend, Stipend, Suspend, Suspended,
Suspense, Suspension
778. penit - cause, feel regret Penitence, Penitent, Penitentiary 260
779. per - through, entirely Pardon, Pellucid, Perambulate, Perception, Percolate, Perdition, Peregrination, Perfect,
Perforate, Perish, Permanent, Permeable, Perpetual, Perplex, Perplexing, Persecution, 260
Perseverance, Persistent, Pertinacious, Perusal, Peruse, Pervade, Pervasive, Perverse
780. peri - around, near, Perigee, Perimeter, Perinatal, Periodontal, Peripatetic, Peripheral, Periphery,
261
about Periphrastic, Periscope
781. periculum - dangerous, Imperil, Peril, Perilous
hazardous
261
782. person/persona - Impersonal, Impersonate, Impersonator, Persona, Personable, Personage, Personality,
262
character, human being Personification, Personify, Personnel
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
783. pessim - worst, bottom- Pessimism, Pessimist, Pessimistic
262
most
784. pet/petus/pit - to go, Appetite, Appetizing, Centripetal, Compete, Competency, Competent, Competition,
262
seek out, to strive, aim at
Competitor, Impetus, Incompetent, Perpetual, Perpetuate, Petulant, Repeated, Repetition
785. petra/petri - rock, crag Petrification, Petrify, Petrol, Petroleum, Petrology 263
786. phag - to eat Aerophagia, Anthropophagy, Carpophagous, Coprophagous, Dysphagia, Entomophagous,
Esophagus/Oesophagus, Euryphagous, Hematophagous, Monophagous, Necrophagous, 263
Oligophagous, Phyllophagous, Phytophagous, Polyphagous, Sarcophagous, Zoophagous
787. phainein/phasis- to show, Emphasis, Emphasize, Emphatic, Phase, Phenomenon, Sycophancy, Sycophant
264
appearance
788. phantazein -make visible Fancy, Fantastic, Fantasy, Phantasmagoria, Phantom 264
789. phem - utterance, Blaspheme, Blasphemous, Blasphemy, Euphemism, Euphemistic, Grapheme
264
saying, speech
790. phil/ philos - love, Ailurophile, Anglophile, Audiophile, Bibliophile, Canophilia, Cinephile, Drosophila,
affinity for, a natural Haemophilia, Homophile, Hydrophilic, Logophile, Necrophilia, Pedophilia, Philanderer,
liking Philanthropic, Philanthropist, Philanthropy, Philatelist, Philately, Philharmonic, Philip, 264
Philogyny, Philologist, Philology, Philoprogenitive, Philosopher, Philosophy, Sinophile,
Xenophile, Zoophile
791. philister - enemy of Philistine
265
god's word
792. phlegein - to burn Phelgm, Phlegmatic 265
793. phobia - fear Acrophobia, Aerophobia, Agoraphobia, Ailurophobia, Algophobia, Amaxophobia,
Androphobia, Anglophobia, Arachnophobia, Autophobia, Bathophobia, Bibliophobia,
Cardiophobia, Claustrophobia, Cryophobia, Cyberphobia, Cynophobia, Entomophobia,
Gamophobia, Gynephobia, Hemophobia, Hierophobia, Hippophobia, Hydrophobia, 266
Lexophobia, Limnophobia, Microphobia, Monophobia, Mythophobia, Necrophobia,
Nyctophobia, Ophidiophobia, Pathophobia, Photophobia, Plutophobia, Pyrophobia,
Technophobia, Theophobia, Xenophobia, Zoophobia
794. phone - voice, sound Cacophonous, Cacophony, Euphony, Megaphone, Phone, Phonetic, Symphony, Telephone 266
795. phor - to carry, to bear Amphora, Anaphora, Chromatophore, Dysphoria, Euphoria, Metaphor, Semaphore 267
796. photo - light Photocell, Photochemical, Photography, Photon, Photoreceptor, Photosensitive,
267
Photostat, Photosynthesis
797. phrase/phrazein - Paraphrase, Periphrasis, Periphrastic, Phrase, Phraseology, Phrasing
267
explain
798. phren - mind Frantic, Frenetic, Frenzy, Hebephrenia, Phrenology, Schizophrenia 268
799. phyte / phyto - grown, Neophyte, Saprophyte, Zoophyte
268
planted
800. pianta/plan - plan of Planned
268
building
801. piate / pious - cleanse, Expiate, Expiatory, Impiety, Impious, Impiousness, Inexpiable, Piety, Pious, Piousness
268
make honest, appease
802. pict / pingere - to paint, Depict, Depiction, Paint, Painter, Pictogram, Pictorial, Picture,Picturesque, Pigment,
268
portray Pigmentation, Pixel, Pixilated
803. pila / pil - pillar, a square Pilaster, Pillar 269
column
804. pillier - to plunder, loot, Pillage
269
ill treat
805. pine/poena/puni - Impunity, Penal, Penalize, Penalty, Punitive, Repent, Repentance, Repine 269
penalty, punish
806. pinna - peak, point, tip Pin, Pinnacle 269
807. piquer - to prick, sting, Piquancy, Piquant, Pique
269
nettle
808. pirata - sailor, corsair, Pirates
270
sea robber
809. piteus/pitos - pity, right Piteous, Pitiable, Pitiful, Pitiless, Pittance, Pity
conduct, pious, merciful, 270
compassionate
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
810. pith - pulp, kernel, Pith, Pithy 270
condensed substance
811. plac/pleas - to please, Complacent, Complaisance, Complaisant, Implacable, Placate, Placebo, Placid,
calm, soothe Placidity, Placidly, Plea, Pleasant, Pleasantries, Please, Pleased, Pleasurable, Pleasure 270
812. place - place, spot Displace, Displaced, Plateau, Plateful, Platelet, Platform, Platitude, Platonic, Platter,
271
Platypus
813. plagiarius / pilfer - Pilfer, Pilferage, Plagiarism, Plagiarist
kidnapper, seducer, 271
plunderer, to pillage
814. plaint/plang - to lament, Complaint, Plaint, Plaintiff, Plaintive, Plangent
mourn for, beat the 271
breast
815. plant - to plant Implant, Plantation, Supplant, Transplant 272
816. plasm -formation, mold, Cytoplasm, Neoplasm, Plasma, Plaster, Plastic, Plasticity, Protoplasm
272
a growth
817. plate/platys - flat, broad Boilerplate, Breastplate, Plate
272
round coin
818. plaud / plaus/plod - Applaud, Explode, Implausible, Implode, Plaudit, Plausible
272
to clap, praise
819. ple/pli/ply - to fill Accomplish, Accomplished, Complement, Complete, Completely, Completion, Compliance,
Compliant, Complimentary, Comply, Deplete, Depletion, Expletive, Implement,
272
Implementation, Incomplete, Noncompliance, Oversupply, Pleonasm, Resupply,
Supplement, Supplementary, Supplying
820. pleae/plethein - be full, Plethora
273
to fill
821. pleb - the common / Plebian, Plebiscite, Plebs
273
ordinary people
822. plect / plex - to weave, Complex, Complexion, Complexity, Multiplex, Perpetrate, Perplex, Perplexed, Perplexity,
274
braid, twine, fold Plexus
823. plen - full, filled Aplenty, Plenary, Plenipotentiary, Plenitude, Plenteous, Plentiful, Plenty, Plenum,
274
Replenish
824. plic/plica - to fold, weave Accomplice, Applicable, Applicant, Complicate, Complicated, Complication, Complicity,
Duplicity, Explicate, Explicit, Implicate, Implication, Implicit, Inexplicable, Reduplicate, 274
Replica, Replicate
825. plier - to bend Pliable, Pliant, Pliers 275
826. plomb/plumb - lead Aplomb, Plumb, Plumber, Plummet, Plunge 276
827. plor - weep over, cry out Deplorable, Deplore, Exploration, Exploratory, Explore, Implore, Imploringly, Unexplored 276
828. ploy - fold Deploy, Deployment, Employ, Employed, Employee, Employer, Employment, Unemployed,
276
Unemployment
829. plus / plur - more Nonplus, Nonplussed, Pluperfect, Plural, Pluralism, Pluralist, Plurality, Plus, Surplus 277
830. pne / pnein - to blow, Apnea / Apnoea, Pneumatic, Pneumonia
277
to breathe
831. point - point Appoint, Appointment, Counterpoint, Disappoint, Disappointed, Disappointment,
Needlepoint, Point, Pointed, Pointedly, Pointer, Pointless, Pointlessness, Points, Pointy, 277
Standpoint, Viewpoint
832. pol/polit/poli-to smooth, Extrapolate, Extrapolation, Impolite, Impoliteness, Interpolate, Interpolation, Polish,
278
refine, polished Polished, Polite, Unpolished
833. pol/polos-axis, sky, pivot Polar, Polarity, Polarization, Polarize, Pole, Pulley 278
834. polis - city Acropolis, Aquapolis, Cosmopolis, Megalopolis, Metropolis, Necropolis 278
835. polit - of citizens or the Apolitical, Cosmopolitan, Cosmopolitanism, Impolitic, Metropolitan, Police, Policy,
279
state, civil Politic, Political, Politician, Politicize, Politics, Polity
836. poly - many Polyandry, Polyarchy, Polychromatic, Polydactyl, Polydipsia, Polygamy, Polyglot,
Polygon, Polygraph, Polygyny, Polyhedron, Polymath, Polymer, Polymorphic, Polynesia, 279
Polynesian, Polyphagous, Polyphony, Polypnea, Polysyllabic, Polytheism, Polytocous,
Polyuria.
837. pompa - pomp Pomp, Pompous 280
S.No. Root Word
838. pon / pos / posit - to put,
to place
839. ponder-weigh, consider
840. popul/poplic/public -
people, of the people
841. por - passage, voyage
842. port - harbor, port
843. port - to carry
844. porta / portic- door, gate, Portal, Portico
porch
845. portion - part, share,
division
846. possess - to hold, have,
take control of power
847. post - coming after /
behind, last
848. postulat- demand, asked Expostulate, Expostulation, Postulate
849. pot - to drink
850. potent-power, be able to, Impotent, Omnipotent, Plenipotentiary, Potent, Potentate, Potential, Potentiometer
capable, possible
851. pover - poor
852. pract - to do, act, effect,
accomplish
853. prae / pre - before,
advance, forward
854. pragma-a deed, relating
to fact, act, matter, affair
855. prec / prex - prayer,
entreaty
856. preci/prais - worth, price Appraise, Appreciable, Appreciate, Appreciation, Depreciate, Depreciation, Dispraise,
Praise, Praiseworthy, Praising, Preciosity, Precious, Price, Priceless, Pricey, Prize
857. pred - to plunder, rob
858. prehend -to catch hold
of, seize, to take
859. press/prim/prem - to
press, hold fast, cover,
compress, to push
860. prim - first, finest,
excellent
861. princ - first, chief,
sovereign
862. prior / pristin - previous,
former, elder, superior,
better
863. pris - seize, hold of
Examples Page No.
Apposite, Apposition, Appositive, Component, Composite, Decompose, Decomposition,
Deposit, Deposition, Disposition, Exponent, Exponential, Exposition, Expository, Impost, 280
Imposition, Juxtapose, Juxtaposition, Opponent, Opposite, Opposition, Pose, Poseur/Poser,
Posit, Position, Postpone, Proponent, Purpose, Repose Repository, Supposition.
Imponderable, Ponder, Ponderous, Preponderance, Preponderate 281
Popular, Populous, Pub, Public, Publication, Publicity, Publish, Publisher, Pueblo,
282
Republic, Republican
Emporium, Osteoporosis, Pore, Porosity, Porous 282
Airport, Importunate, Importune, Importunity, Inopportune, Opportune, Opportunism,
282
Opportunistic, Opportunity, Passport, Port
Comportment, Deport, Deportation, Deportment, Disport, Export, Import, Important,
Portable, Portage, Porter, Portfolio, Portly, Rapport, Report, Support, Transport, 282
Unimportant
284
Apportion, Disproportion, Disproportionate, Portion, Proportion, Proportional,
Proportioned 284
Dispossess, Posse, Possess, Possessed, Possession, Possessive, Possessor, Powers,
284
Prepossess, Prepossessing, Repossession, Unprepossessing
Post meridiem, Posterion, Posterior, Postgraduate, Posthumous, Postmortem, Postnatal,
285
Postpone, Postprandial, Postscript, Postwar
285
Poison, Potable, Potion 285
285
Impoverish, Impoverished, Pauper, Poor, Poverty 286
Chiropractor, Impracticable, Impractical, Malpractice, Practicable, Practical, Practice,
Practitioner, Praxis 286
Preach, Preacher, Preamble, Precaution, Precede, Precept, Precis, Precise, Precision,
Preclude, Precocious, Precognition, Precursor, Predestined, Predicament, Predict,
Preeminent, Preface, Prefer, Preferred, Prefix, Prejudice, Preliminary, Prelude, 286
Premature, Premiere, Premium, Premonition, Preoccupy, Preparation, Prepared,
Preponderant, Preposterous, Prescription, Pretentious, Prevaricate
Pragmatic, Pragmatics, Pragmatism, Pragmatist
288
Deprecate, Imprecation, Precarious, Prithee
288
288
Depredation, Predation, Predator, Predatory, Prey 289
Apprehension, Apprehensive, Comprehensible, Comprehension, Comprehensive,
Comprise, Enterprise, Enterprising, Entrepreneur, Impregnable, Imprison, Imprisonment, 289
Incomprehensible, Misapprehension, Prehensile, Reprehensible, Reprehension.
Compress, Compression, Depress, Depressed, Depression, Express, Expressive, Expressively,
Expressly, Fingerprint, Footprint, Impress, Impression, Impressionable, Impressive,
Imprimatur, Imprint, Inexpressible, Irrepressible, Misprint, Oppress, Oppression, 290
Oppressive, Oppressor, Pressure, Pressurize, Print, Printer, Repress, Repressiveness,
Reprimand, Reprimanded, Suppress, Suppression, Unimpressive
Prim, Primary, Prime, Primer, Primeval, Primitive, Primitivism, Primogeniture,
291
Primordial, Prism
Prince, Princess, Principal, Principality, Principle, Unprincipled
292
Prior, Prioritize, Priority, Pristine
292
Apprise, Misprision, Prison, Prisoner, Reprieve, Reprisal, Reprise, Surprise. 292
S.No. Root Word
864. privus-one's own, single, Deprivation, Private, Privateer, Privilege, Privy
individual, without
865. pro - ahead, before,
forward, forth, in place
of, in addition to
866. proach - come near
867. prob - to test, to try
868. prodes - be of value
869. prodig - portent, omen,
prophetic sign
870. prol/proles - offspring,
progeny
871. prompt - ready,
prepared
872. propiti - favourable,
pleasingly inclined,
encouraging
873. proprius - proper, fitting, Appropriate, Appropriateness, Appropriation, Apropos, Expropriate, Expropriation,
one's own
874. proxim/proximus - next, Approximate, Approximation, Proximate, Proximity
nearest
875. pruden - a foreseeing,
foresight, judgement,
knowledge
876. puden/pudium -
ashamed, modest
877. pugn/ pugil-fight, boxer
878. puls - to drive, push
879. punc/pung/point/poign -
to point, to prick
880. pup - doll
881. purg - clean, pure
882. put - to reckon, sum up,
to settle an account,
think, consider
883. puter/putre - rotten,
to stink
884. pyre/pyro - fire, heat,
fever
885. quadra - four
886. quaint/cognitus -
come to know, learn
887. qualish - of what kind?,
of such a kind
888. quant - of what size?/
how much?/
what amount?
889. quaranta - forty
890. quasi - seemingly,
partly, as if
Examples Page No.
292
Improvise, Pro rata, Problematic, Proboscis, Proceed, Process, Proclaim, Proclivity,
Procrastinate, Procreate, Procrustean, Produce, Productive, Profess, Proffer, Proficient,
Profiteers, Profligacy, Profligate, Profound, Profuse, Progenitive, Progenitor, Prognosis,
Program, Progress, Progressive, Project, Projectile, Projection, Prolocutor, Prologue, Prolong, 293
Prolusion, Pronominal, Pronoun, Propel, Propensity, Prophet, Prophetic, Proponent,
Propound, Prorogue, Prosecute, Proselyte, Proseminar, Prospect, Prosperous, Prosthesis,
Protect, Protecting, Protective, Protector, Protocol, Protract, Protrude, Protuberant,
Provident, Provincial ,Proviso, Provocation, Provoke, Provost.
Approach, Approachable, Approached, Approaching, Irreproachable, Rapprochement,
295
Reproach, Reproachfully, Unapproachable
Approbation, Disapprobation, Improbable, Probability, Probable, Probation, Probe 295
Pride, Proud 296
Prodigious, Prodigy 296
Prole, Proletarian, Proletariat, Proliferate, Proliferation, Prolific
296
Impromptu, Prompt, Promptness
296
Propitiate, Propitiation, Propitiatory, Propitious
296
Improper, Impropriety, Inappropriate, Malapropism, Misappropriate, Proper, Property, 297
Proprietary, Proprietor, Proprietorship, Propriety.
297
Imprudence, Imprudent, Jurisprudence, Prudence, Prudent, Prudential,
297
Impudence, Impudent, Repudiate, Repudiation
298
Impugn, Impugnable, Impugned, Pugilist, Pugnacious, Repugnant 298
Compulsion, Expulsion, Impulse, Impulsion, Impulsive, Impulsively, Propulsion,
298
Propulsive, Pulsar, Pulsate, Pulsation, Pulse, Repulse, Repulsion, Repulsive
Acupuncture, Compunction, Expunge, Expunged, Poignant, Point, Pun, Punch,
Punch-up, Punctilious, Punctual, Punctuate, Punctuation, Puncture, Pungent 299
Pupa, Puppet 300
Expurgate, Pure, Purgative, Purgatory, Purge, Unexpected 300
Computation, Compute, Computer, Deputation, Depute, Deputy, Disputation, Dispute,
Disreputable, Disrepute, Imputation, Impute, Indisputable, Putative, Reputable, 300
Reputation, Reputedly, Undisputed
Potpourri, Putrefaction, Putrefy, Putrid 301
Antipyretic, Hyperpyrexia, Pyre, Pyretic, Pyrex, Pyrexia, Pyrogen, Pyrography,
301
Pyromancy, Pyromania, Pyrometer, Pyrotechnic, Pyroxylin
Q
Quadragenarian, Quadrangle, Quadrilateral, Quadrillion, Quarter 302
Acquaint, Acquaintance, Quaint, Quaintness, Unacquainted
302
Disqualification, Disqualify, Qualified, Qualifier, Qualify, Qualitative, Quality,
302
Unqualified.
Quantify, Quantifying, Quantitative, Quantity, Quantum
302
Quarantine 302
Quasi-historical, Quasi-humorous, Quasi-judicial, Quasi-legislative, 303
S.No. Root Word
891. quer/quir/quisit - seek
to obtain, question
892. quer/quir/quisit - seek,
ask, strive for
893. queri - to complain,
lament
894. quest - ask, seek,
to search, hunt
895. quiet/quies - become
quiet, calm, free
896. quin/quint - five
897. quit - set free, clear,
pay up
898. qu - who, what, which,
by what things?
899. rabe - be mad, to rave
900. radic / radix - root
901. radia-to beam, shine, ray
902. ramp - to climb, rave,
rush wildly about
903. ramus - branch
904. rancid - stinking, rank,
offensive
905. rap/rapture - seizure,
kidnapping, snatch,
grab, hurry away
906. rar - loose-knit, widely
spaced, infrequent
907. ras/rasche/rade -
eruptive sores,
to scrape, scratch
908. rat/ratio - reckoned,
think, calculation
909. raucus - hoarse
910. ravine - rush of water/
devastate
911. re/retro - back , again,
to ally
912. res - thing, property,
goods, matter, affair
913. rect - straight, right
914. reg/rex/regens - king,
ruling, ruler
Examples Page No.
Acquire, Acquiring, Acquisitive, Conquer, Conquerors, Disquisition, Exquisite, Inquest,
303
Inquisition, Inquisitive, Perquisite
Acquisition, Acquisitive, Conquer, Conqueror, Disquisition, Enquire, Enquirer/Inquirer,
Enquiry/Inquiry, Inconquerable, Perquisite, Prerequisite, Query, Require, Required, 303
Requirement, Requisite, Requisition, Unconquerable
Quarrel, Quarrelsome, Querulous
304
Conquest, Inquest, Quest, Question, Questionable, Questionnaire, Request,
304
Unquestionable
Acquiesce, Acquiescence, Acquiescent, Disquiet, Quiescence, Quiescent, Quiet, Quietude,
305
Quit, Requiem, Unquiet
Quinary, Quinquennial, Quintessence, Quintessential, Quintet, Quintile, Quintuple,
305
Quintuplet
Acquit, Acquittal, Requital, Requite, Unrequited
305
Kickshaw, Quibble, Quip, Quorum
306
R
Rabid, Rabies, 306
Eradicate, Ineradicable, Radical, Radicalism, Radicand, Radicle, Radish 306
Radial, Radiant, Radiation, Radiography, Radiology 306
Rampage, Rampant
306
Ramification, Ramify 307
Rancid, Rancorous, Rancour
307
Enrapture, Rapacious, Rapacity, Rapid, Rapidly, Rapine, Rapt,
Raptor, Rapture, Rapturous, Ravine, Ravish, Usurp, Usurpation, 307
Rare, Rarefaction, Rarefy, Rarely, Rarity
307
Abrade, Abrasion, Abrasive, Erase, Erasure, Rapscallion, Rascal, Rash, Raze, Razor
308
Irrational, Overrate, Rate, Ratification, Ratify, Ratio, Ratiocination, Ration, Rational,
308
Rationale, Rationalist, Rationality, Underrate
Raucous 308
Ravage, Ravenous
309
Rally, Ransom, Reabsorb, Rear, Rearrange, Rearrangement, Rebuff, Rebuke, Reciprocal,
Reciprocity, Recluse, Reclusive, Recognition, Recollection, Recompense, Reconcile,
Reconciliation, Recondite, Raconteur, Recover, Redeem, Rediscover, Reflex, Reformism,
Refreshed, Refund, Refurbish, Refutation, Regard, Regarded, Reimburse, Reinforce,
Reiterate, Rejoice, Relay, Relegate, Relief, Rely, Remain, Remarkable, Remedy, Remind,
Reminiscence, Remit, Remnant, Remorse, Remorseful, Remuneration, Renege, Renounce, 309
Renown, Reparation, Repartee, Repatriation, Repay, Repeat, Repel, Replaced,
Replete, Repose, Representative, Reprieve, Reprimand, Reproach, Reprobate, Repugnance,
Repulsive, Repute, Requisite, Reread, Rescind, Rescue, Resemblance, Resemble, Resident,
Resilient, Resist, Resistant, Reshuffle, Responsible, Restraint, Retaliate, Retentive,
Retinue, Retract, Retrieve, Retro, Retroactive, Retrocede or Recede, Retrofit, Retroflex,
Retrograde, Retrogressive, Retronym, Retrospect, Retrospection, Retroverse, Retroversion,
Revamp, Reveille, Revenge
Real, Realist, Reality, Realization, Really, Realty, Republic, Surreal, Surrealistic, Unreal
312
Correct, Corrective, Direct, Erect, Rectangle, Rectitude, Rectify, Rectilinear, Rectitude,
313
Redirect, Right
Interregnum, Realm, Regal, Regalia, Regency, Regent, Regicide, Regime, Regimen,
Regina, Region, Regional 313
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
915. residuus - remaining, Residue, Residuum
314
a remainder
916. rest - to stop, stay back, Arrest, Arrested, Arresting, Rest, Restive, Restiveness, Unrest
stand still 314
917. restaur - to restore or Restaurant, Restoration, Restorative, Restore,
refresh, repair, rebuild, 314
renew
918. rhoia/rhein - flux, to flow Amenorrhoea/ Amenorrhea, Diarrhoea, Gonorrhoea, Pyorrhoea, Seborrhoea 314
919. riche - rich, powerful Enrich, Nouveau Riche, Rich, Riches 315
920. ride / ris - to laugh Deride, Derision, Derisory, Ridicule, Ridiculous, Risible 315
921. rig/rigo - be stiff, Rigid, Rigidity, Rigor mortis, Rigor/ Regour, Rigorous
315
be stretched
922. ripa/riv - shore, stream Archrival, Arrival, Arrive, Arriviste, Derivation, Derivative, Riparian, Rival, Rivalry,
315
Riverbed, Riverfront, Rivulet, Unrivaled
923. robor/robur - strength, Corroborate, Corroboration, Robust
to make strong, oak, 316
hard, timber
924. rod/ros - to gnaw Corrode, Corrosion, Corrosive, Erode, Erosion, Rodent 316
925. rog/roga - to ask, request Abrogate, Arrogance, Arrogant, Arrogate, Derogatory, Interrogate, Prerogative, Surrogate 316
926. rota / rotund - a wheel, Rotary, Rotate, Rotational, Rote, Rotor, Rotund, Rotunda, Rotundity, Round, 317
round Roundabout
927. rub - red Erubescent / Rubescent, Rouge, Rubella, Rubric, Ruby 317
928. rude/rud / rudis-rough Erudite, Erudition, Rude, Rudeness, Rudimentary, Rudiments
317
unskilled, untaught,
929. rue - regret, feeling of Rueful, Ruthless
317
pity, grief
930. ruere/ruina - to fall, a Ruin, Ruinous, Ruins 318
collapse, a rushing down
931. rumor - noise Rumour 318
932. rupt / rumpere - Abrupt, Bankrupt, Corrupt, Disrupt, Erupt, Incorrupt, Interrupt, Irrupt, Rupture
318
to break, burst
933. rur/rus - open land, Rural, Rustic
318
country
S
934. sacchar / sucre - sugar, Saccharine, Sucrose, Sugarcoat 319
gravel, grit
935. sacr / secr / sanct - Consecrate, Deconsecrate, Desecrate, Execrable, Sacrament, Sacred, Sacrifice, Sacrilege,
sacred, holy Sacrilegious, Sacristan, Sacristy, Sacrosanct, Sanctify, Sanctimonious, Sanction, 319
Sanctity, Sanctuary, Sanctum.
936. sagac / sage - perceive Presage, Sagacious, Sagacity, Sage 319
keenly
937. salire/sult/saltus - to Assault, Consultation, Desultory, Exult, Exultant, Exultation, Insult, Resilient, Result,
320
leap, to jump, spring Salience, Salient, Sally, Somersault
938. salus - health Insalubrious, Salubrious, Salutary, Salutation, Salvo 320
939. salva - to save Salvage, Salvation, Salve, Save 321
940. sanit/san-sound, healthy Insane, Sanatorium, Sane, Sanitarian, Sanitary, Sanitation, Sanity 321
941. sangui - blood Consanguinity, Exsanguinate, Sangfroid, Sangria, Sanguinary, Sanguine, Sanguinity,
321
Sanguivorous
942. sapid/sapient-have Insipid, Sapid, Sapience, Sapient, Savant, Savor/ Savour, Savory, Savvy, Unsavory
321
taste, be wise
943. sarco - flesh Sarcasm, Sarcoid, Sarcoma, Sarcophagous 322
944. sardonios - of bitter or Sardonic
scornful (laughter)
322
945. sat/satis - enough, Insatiable, Sad, Satiety, Satisfaction, Satisfactory, Satisfiable, Satisfy, Saturate,
322
sufficient
S.No. Root Word
946. satura - poetic medley
947. saur / sauros - lizard
948. scammr - short, brief
949. scape - escape
950. scend - climb, mount
951. scheda / skhizo - to
split, division
952. schem - form, shape,
manner, figure,
appearance
953. schole/schola - peisure,
philosophy,
lecture-place
954. scient/scire - to know,
knowledge
955. scop/scope/scopy - to
view, to examine,
to observe
956. scrib / script - to write
957. scrincan/shrink - to
wrinkle
958. scrut - probe, examine
959. scurra/scurrilis -
buffoonlike
960. scutella - serving platter
961. se - apart, aside, away
962. sec/secu/sequ/su/sue -
to follow
963. sect - to cut
964. sed/sers/sid - to sit
965. seem - fitting
966. sem/sema - sign
967. semi - half, party,
partially
968. semin - seed, to plant,
propagate
969. sen/seni - old man
970. sens / sent - perceive,
feel, know
971. sent / esse - to be
972. seps/sept/septic - decay,
putrifaction
973. septuaginta - seventy
974. seren - clear, fair, calm,
peaceful
Examples Page No.
Satire 322
Brontosaurus, Dinosaur, Sauropod, Tyrannosaurus 322
Scant, Scanty 323
Scapegoat 323
Ascend, Ascendancy, Ascendant, Ascension, Condescend, Condescending, Condescension,
323
Descend, Descendant, Descendent, Transcend, Transcendence, Transcendent, Undescended
Schedule, Schism, Schizo, Schizoid, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic 323
Schema, Schematic, Scheme, Schemer, Scheming
324
Scholar, Scholarship, Scholastic
324
Conscience, Conscientious, Conscious, Neuroscience, Omniscient, Prescient, Science,
324
Scientist, Scientology, Unconscionable
Arthroscopic, Cinemascope, Endoscope, Gyroscope, Horoscope, Kaleidoscope,
Laparoscopy, Microscope, Oscilloscope, Periscope, Spectroscope, Stethoscope, Telescope 324
Adscript, Ascribe, Circumscribe, Conscription, Describe, Indescribable, Inscribe,
Manuscript, Nondescript, Oversubscribe, Postscript, Prescribe, Proscribe, Rescript, 325
Scribble, Scribe, Script, Scriptorium, Scripture, Scriptwriter, Subscribe, Subscript,
Superscript, Transcribe, Transcript, Typescript, Unscripted, Unsubscribe
Shrink, Shrinkage, Shrivel
326
Inscrutable, Scrutineer, Scrutinize, Scrutiny 326
Scurrilous
326
Scullery, Scuttle, Skillet 327
Secede, Seclude, Seclusion, Secret, Secretive, Secretly, Secure, Sedition, Seduce, Sedulous,
327
Segregate, Select, Separable, Separate, Separation, Sever
Consecutive, Consequence, Consequent, Consequential, Consequently, Ensue, Ensuing,
Execute, Execution, Executioners, Inconsequential, Lawsuit, Non sequitur, Obsequious, 327
Persecute, Prequel, Prosecute, Pursue, Pursuer, Pursuit, Sect, Sectarian, Sequel,
Sequence, Sequester, Subsequent, Sue, Suitable, Suite, Suitor, Unsuitable/Unsuited
Bisect, Dissect, Insect, Intersect, Midsection/ Midriff, Quadrisect, Resect, Sectarian,
329
Section, Sector, Transect, Trisect, Vivisection
Assess, Dissident, Insidious, Possess, President, Resident, Sedate, Sedentary, Sediment,
329
Subside
Seem, Seeming, Seemly, unseemly 329
Polysemous, Semantic, Semantics, Semaphore, Semiotics, Samizdat 330
Semiannual, Semicircle, Semiconscious, Semifinals
330
Disseminate, Semen, Seminar, Seminarian, Seminary
330
Senate, Senator, Senescence, Senile, Senior 330
Assent, Assent, Consensus, Consent, Desensitize, Dissension, Dissent, Insensate,
Insensitive, Nonsense, Nonsensical, Sensation, Sensational, Sense, Sensibility, Sensible,
330
Sensitive, Sensitivity, Sensor, Sensory, Sensual, Sentence, Sententious, Sentiment,
Sentimental.
Absence, Absent, Absenteeism, Absently, Misrepresent, Misrepresentation, Omnipresence,
332
Presentable, Presentation, Presently, Represent, Representation, Representative
Antiseptic, Aseptic, Septic, Septicemia
332
Septuagenarian, Septuagint 332
Serenades, Serene, Sereness, Serenity
332
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
975. serv/servire - to serve, Deserve, Maidservant, Observe, Observant, Reserve, Servant, Served, Server, Service, 332
attend, slave Serviette, Servile, Servitude, Servo,
976. serv/serve - to keep Conservation, Conservative, Preservation, Preserve, Reservation, Reserved, Reservoir
333
Unreservedly
977. sesqui - one and a half, Sesquicentennial, Sesquilateral, Sesquioxide, Sesquipedalian
333
a century and a half
978. sever - serio, grave, Severe, Severity
333
strict, austere
979. sexta - hora, sixth hour Siesta 334
980. sibil - to hiss, whistle Persiflage, Sibilance, Sibilant 334
981. sider/ sidus - star Consider, Considerable, Considerate, Consideration, Desiderate, Desideratum, Desirable,
334
Desire, Inconsiderable, Inconsiderate, Reconsider, Reconsideration, Sidereal, Undesirable
982. sign - to sign, mark Consign, Designed, Insignificant, Resign, Sign, Significance, Significant 334
983. simil - like, resembling Assimilable, Assimilate, Assimilation, Dissimilar, Facsimile, Fax, Similar, Similarity, 335
Simile, Similitude, Verisimilitude
984. simpl - plain Oversimplification, Oversimplify, Simple, Simpleton, Simplicity, Simplification, Simplify,
335
Simplistic, Simply
985. simul - pretend, copy, Dissimulate, Dissimulation, Simulacrum, Simulate, Simulation
335
imitate
986. sincer - pure, clean, Insincere, Sincere, Sincerity
335
genuine, truthful
987. sinister - left Sinister 336
988. sinu/sinus - curve Insinuation, Sinuous, Sinus, Sinusitis 336
989. sist - to stand Assistant, Consistent, Inconsistent, Irresistible, Persist, Resist 336
990. sit/situa / situs - a place, Sitcom, Site, Situate, Situation, Situational 336
position, situation
991. skepsis - inquiring, Sceptic/Skeptic, Scepticism/Skepticism, Skeptical 336
reflective
992. slaec - sluggish, Slack, Slackness
336
indolent, languid, slow
993. slugge - lazy person Sluggard, Sluggish 337
994. sol - alone Desolate, Desolated, Soliloquy, Solipsism, Solitary, Solitude, Soloist, Sullen 337
995. sol - sun Insolation, Parasol, Solar, Solstice 337
996. sol / solu - to loosen, Absolute, Absolutely, Absolution, Absolutist, Absolve, Console, Disconsolate, Dissolve,
to free, comfort Inconsolable, Indissoluble, Indissolubly, Insoluble, Insolvent, Irresolute, Resolute, 337
Resolve, Solace, Soluble, Solution, Solvent
997. sole - be in the habit of , Insolence, Insolent, Obsolescence, Obsolescent, Obsolete
to be used to, 338
be accustomed
998. solid - solid, firm Consolidate, Solid, Solidarity, Solidify 338
999. sollum/sull - soil, ground Soil, Sully, Unsoiled, Unsullied 339
1000. sollus - entire, whole Solemn, Solicit, Solicitous, Solicitude 339
1001. soloikos - speaking Solecism 339
incorrectly
1002. somat - body Chromosome, Psychosomatic, Somatic 339
1003. somna - to sleep Hypersomnia, Insomnia, Somnambulant, Somniloquy, Somnolent 339
1004. son / sonus - sound Assonance, Dissonant, Resonant, Somniloquy, Sonnet, Sonorous, Subsonic, Supersonic,
339
Unison
1005. soph / sophy - wise, Anthroposophy, Pansophy, Philosophy, Sophist, Sophistic, Sophisticated, Sophistry,
340
wisdom Sophomore, Sophomoric, Theosophy
1006. sorb - soak up, suck in Absorb, Absorbency, Absorbent, Absorption, Reabsorb 340
1007. sord - be dirty, be shabby Sordid 340
1008. sort - lot, destiny, king, Assort, Assortment, Consort, Consortium, Presort, Resort, Sorcerer, Sorceress, Sorcery, 340
fate Sort
1009. source/sourse/surg - Insurrection, Outsource, Resource, Resourceful, Resourcefulness, Source, Surge 341
a rising, beginning
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
1010. span - pull, draw up, Spasmodic, Spastic 341
tear away
1011. spair/sper - to hope Despair, Desperado, Desperate, Desperation, Prosper, Prosperity, Prosperous 341
1012. spars/spers - scatter, Asparagus, Aspersion, Dispersal, Disperse, Dispersion, Intersperse, Interspersed,
341
besprinkle Interspersion, Sparse
1013. space/spat - distance, Cyberspace, Expatiate, Space, Spacecraft, Spacious, Spaciousness, Spatial,
342
area, room Spatiotemporal
1014. spec /spect / speciosus/ Aspect, Auspicious, Circumspect, Circumspection, Conspicuous, Despicable, Despise,
spic - see, look at, Especial, Especially, Inauspicious, Inconspicuous, Inspect, Inspector, Introspect,
observe, appearance, Perspective, Perspicacious, Perspicacity, Perspicuous, Prospect, Prospective, Prospectus, 342
form, kind, sort Respect, Respectable, Respected, Special, Specialist, Specialization, Specialize, Specialty,
Species, Specific, Specification, Specify, Specimen, Specious, Spectacle, Spectacles,
Spectator, Speculate, Speculation, Suspect, Suspicious, Unspecified
1015. spern - to scorn, kick Spur, Spurn 344
away, ankle
1016. spire/spiro - to breathe Aspirant, Aspirate, Aspire, Conspirator, Conspire, Dispirited, Inspire, Perspire, Respire,
344
Spirit, Spiritual, Spirometer, Sprightly, Suspire, Transpire
1017. spit - see, observe, look, Despite, Respite, Spite, Spiteful 345
watch over
1018. splend - be bright, shine Resplendent, Splendid, Splendor, Splendorous 345
brightly, to glitter
1019. spolia - to strip, Despoil, Spoil
345
uncover, lay bare, rob
1020. spond / spons - to Correspond, Correspondence, Correspondent, Despondency, Despondent, Irresponsible,
345
pledge, promise Respond, Respondent, Response, Responsibility, Responsible, Responsive, Riposte, Sponsor
1021. sponte (sua) - freely, Spontaneous 346
willingly, voluntarily
1022. spora - seed, a sowing, Diaspora, Sporadic, Spore
a scattering
346
1023. spous - pledged, Espousal, Espouse, Spousal, Spouse
promised, marriage 346
partner
1024. spurius - false, Spurious
illegitimate
346
1025. sta/stant/stare - to Circumstantial, Constant, Distant, Equidistant, Establish, Extant, Inconstant, Instant,
stand, stable, stand still Instantaneous, Stable, Stalwart, Stationary, Storage, Store, Substantial, Substantiate, 346
Unstable, Unsubstantial, Unsubstantiated,
1026. stagnum - pool, pond, Stagnant, Stagnate
347
swamp
1027. stal/stel/stol- to fix, to Diastole, Forestall, Install, Installment, Pedestal, Peristalsis, Stale, Stall, Still
347
place, to stand
1028. stant / stas / stat - Apostasy, Apostate, Ecstasy, Ecstatic, Homeostasis, Instant, Instate, Interstate,
standing, standing still, Misstatement, Overstate, Reinstate, Stanchion, Stasis, State, Stateliness, Stately, 347
make or be firm Statement, Static, Stature, Substantial
1029. starve - to die Starvation, Starve, Starveling 348
1030. stede - place, town Steadfast, Steadily, Steady, Unsteadiness 348
1031. stella - star Constellation, Interstellar, Stellar 348
1032. sterilis - unproductive, Sterile 348
unfruitful
1033. stiga / stigma - mark, Astigmatism, Instigate, Stigma, Stigmatize
brand, tattoo-mark, 349
to prick, point
1034. still/stilla - to drip, drop Distill, Distillate, Distillation, Distillery, Instill, Instillation 349
1035. stimulat - to prick, urge, Stimulant, Stimulated, Stimulation 349
goad
1036. stipula-exact a promise, Stipulation, Stipulate
349
engage, bargain
S.No. Root Word
1037. stitut - set up
1038. stoa - porch
1039. stow/stowen-to place,
spot, site, locality
1040. stern - lay flat, strew
1041. strenuus - brisk, active,
quick
1042. string- draw tight, bind
1043. strom-current, river,
stream
1044. strophe - turn, a twist
1045. struct - to build, pile up
1046. studi - to study,
eager to learn
1047. stup - to be struck
senseless, amazed,
or stunned
1048. styrne - severe, strict,
grave
1049 sua - smooth, sweet,
agreeable, advice, to urge Suave
1050. sub - upto
1051. sub/sup - under, below,
beneath
1052. succus - juice
1053. sum/sumpt - take up,
put on
1054. summ - highest,
topmost, sum total
1055. super/sur - above, over
1056. surg/surr - build, to rise
1057. syn/sym/syl/sys -
together, same
1058. tabl/ tabula - board,
tablet, flat slab, list
1059. tac / tic - to be silent
1060. tactus/tang - to touch
1061. tail - to cut
1062. tain/tene / tenir - hold
1063. tard - slow, sluggish
Examples Page No.
Constituent, Constitute, Constitution, Constitutionality, Destitute, Destitution, Institute,
349
Institution, Institutionalize, Reconstituted, Restitution, Statutory, Substitute
Stoic/Stoical 350
Bestowed, Stow, Stowaway
350
Prostrate, Prostration, Stratification, Stratify, Stratosphere, Stratospheric, Stratum,
350
Substrate
Strenuous
350
Astringent, Constrain, Constraint, Prestige, Restrain, Restrict, Restricted, Restrictive,
350
Straight, Strain, Strained, Strait, Stress, Stretch, Strict, Stricture, String, Stringent,
Maelstrom
351
Apostrophe, Catastrophe, Catastrophic 351
Construct, Construction, Constructive, Construe, Destruct, Indestructible, Infrastructure,
Instruct, Instructive, Instrument, Instrumental, Misconstrue, Obstruct, Obstruction, 351
Obstructive, Reconstruction, Structural, Structure, Substructure
Student, Studio, Studious, Study 352
Stupefaction, Stupefy, Stupendous, Stupid, Stupidity, Stupor
352
Stern
352
Assuage, Dissuade, Dissuaded, Dissuasion, Persuade, Persuasion, Persuasive, Suasion,
352
Sublimate, Sublimation, Sublime, Subliminal, Sublimity, Surreptitious, 353
Sojourn, Sombre/Somber, Subconscious, Subdue, Subdued, Subjugate, Submarine,
Submerge, Submissive, Submit, Subordinate Subordination, Suborn, Subside, Subsidiary,
353
Subsidy, Subsoil, Subterfuge, Subterranean, Subtle, Subversive, Succinct, Succumb,
Sufficiency, Supplant, Supple, Supplicate, Support, Supposition, Suppress
Succulent 354
Assume, Assumption, Assumptive, Consume, Consumption, Consumptive, Presume,
Presumption, Presumptive, Presumptuous, Resume, Resumption, Sumptuary, Sumptuous, 354
Unassuming
Consummate, Sum, Summarize, Summary, Summation, Summit
355
Insuperable, Supercilious, Superficial, Superfluous, Superimpose, Superintendent,
Superior, Supersede, Superstition, Supreme, Supermacy, Surcharge, Surcoat, Surfeit,
355
Surmise, Surmount, Surname, Surpass, Surplus, Surprise, Surrender, Surrogate,
Surround, Surveillance, Survey
Insurrection, Insurrectionist, Resurgence, Resurrect, Resurrection, Surge 356
Asynchronous, Biosynthesis, Idiosyncrasy, Photosynthesis, Syllabification, Syllabify,
Syllable, Syllabus, Symbiosis, Synagogue, Synchronic, Synchronize, Synchronous, 357
Syndicalism, Syndicate, Syndrome, Synergism, Synergy, Synod, Synonym, Synonymous,
Synopsis, Syntactic, Syntax, Synthesis, System, Systematic, Systole
T
Entablature, Table, Tablet, Tabular
359
Reticence, Reticent, Tacet, Tacit, Taciturn 359
Contagious, Contaminate, Contamination, Contiguous, Contingent, Intact, Intangible,
359
Tact, Tactful, Tactile, Tangent, Tangential, Tangible
Curtail, Detail, Entail, Retail, Tailor 360
Abstemious, Abstention, Attain, Contain, Detain, Pertain, Pertaining, Pertinacious,
360
Pertinent, Retain, Sustain, Sustenance, Tenable, Tenacious, Tenacity, Tenant,
Retard, Tardiloquent, Tardy 361
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
1064. taph - tomb, burial, Cenotaph, Epitaph
361
funeral
1065. techn - art, skill Atechnic, Technician, Technnique, Technology 361
1066. tedius - be weary of Tedious, Tedium 361
1067. tem / tom/tomy - to cut Anatomy, Atom, Craniotomy, Epitome, Lithotomy, Mastectomy, Necrotomy, Osteotomy,
361
Zootomy
1068. temp / tempus - time, Atemporal, Contemporaries, Contemporary, Extemporaneous, Extemporary, Extempore,
361
season Tempest, Tempestuous, Temporal, Temporary, Temporize
1069. templ - place for Contemplate, Contemplative
observation
362
1070. tempt - to scorn, slight, Contempt, Contemptible, Contemptuous
despise
362
1071. tend/tens/tent/tenu - Abstain, Attend, Attenuate, Contend, Contender, Contention, Contentious, Contentment,
to stretch, to thin, Distend, Extend, Extent, Extenuating, Intense, Intensely, Intensifies, Intensify,
363
make thin, to hold Intentional, Ostensible, Portend, Portent, Portentous, Pretend, Tend, Tendency, Tender,
Tenderness, Tendon, Tenement, Tense, Tension, Tenuous,Tenure
1072. tact/tax - to arrange, Syntactical, Syntax, Tactics, Taxidermist, Taxonomy
364
order
1073. terra/terri - earth, land Circumterrestrial, Extraterrestrial, Extraterritorial, Interment, Mediterranean,
Subterranean, Terra firma, Terrace, Terrain, Terrarium, Terrestrial, Territory 364
1074. tele - far, distance Telegraph, Telegraphic, Telemetry, Telephone, Telescope, Television 364
1075. termin - boundary, end Determinable, Determinant, Determine, Exterminate, Indeterminate, Interminable,
365
Term, Terminal, Terminate, Termination
1076. ter/terr - frighten, Deter, Deterrence, Deterrent, Terrible, Terrific, Terrified, Terrify, Terror, Terrorist
365
feel with fear
1077. test - bear witness to, Attest, Contest, Contestant, Detest, Incontestable, Intestate, Protest, Testament, Testify,
366
proof Testimony
1078. text - to weave, to make, Context, Pretext, Text, Textbook, Textile, Texture,
366
wrought
1079. thei / theos - a god Atheism, Atheist, Enthusiasm, Enthusiastic, Pantheism, Pantheon, Polytheism, Thearchy,
366
Theism, Theist, Theocentric, Theocracy, Theodicy, Theology, Theophobia, Theosophy
1080. thesis - to put, place Antithesis, Hypothesis, Metathesis, Photosynthesis, Prothesis, Synthesis, Thesis 367
1081. tid - point or portion of Intertidal, Tide, Tidings, Tidy, Untidy
367
time, hour, season
1082. timid/timor - to fear Intimidation, Timid, Timidity, Timorous 367
1083. ton/torn - thunder, Astonish, Astonishment, Astound, Attorney, Contour, Detonate, Tornado, Tornillo
367
tone, turn
1084. topo/topos - place, spot Topical, Topography, Topology, Utopia 368
1085. torpe - be numb or stiff Torpedo, Torpid, Torpor 368
1086. torqu/tors/tort - twist, Contort, Distort, Extort, Nasturtium, Retort, Torsion, Tortuous, Torture 368
turn
1087. torr - to parch, burn, dry Toast, Torrent, Torrential, Torrid, Torridly 369
1088. totalis - entire, total Teetotaler 369
1089. tox - poisoned Antitoxin, Detoxify, Intoxicated, Intoxication, Toxemia, Toxic, Toxicity, Toxicology, Toxin 369
1090. tetra - four Tetrachloride, Tetragonal, Tetrameter, Tetrarchy 369
1091. thanato/thanatos - death Euthanasia, Thanatophobia, Thanatopsis, Thanatos 369
1092. therm/thermo - hot, Diathermy, Thermostat, Warm, Warmer
370
heat
1093. thuruh - from end to end, Thorough, Thoroughfare 370
from side to side
1094. thrífa - grasp,get hold of Torner, Turncoat 370
1095. tract - to drag, draw, Abstract, Attract, Contract, Detract, Detractors, Distract, Distraught, Extract,
trace Extracted, Intractable, Portrayal, Protract, Subtract, Tractable, Traction, Tractor, Trail, 370
Train, Trigger
1096. treat - treat, drawn Entreat, Mistreatment, Retreat, Treatise, Treaty 371
1097. trad - hand over, deliver, Betray, Traitor
betray
371
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
1098. tranquil - quiet, calm, Tranquil, Tranquility 371
still
1099. trans - across Intransitive, Tradition, Trajectory, Transcend, Transfer, Transformer, Transgressor,
Transient, Transitory, Transmute, Transparent, Transplant, Transport, Transpose, 371
Transverse, Traverse, Treason
1100. trechier - to cheat, trick Treacherous, Treachery 372
1101. trepid - alarmed Intrepid, Intrepidity, Trepidation 372
1102. tremendus - fearful, to Tremendous
372
be dreaded, terrible
1103. tribe - race, family Diatribe, Tribal 372
1104. tribut - to assign, allow, Attribute, Attributed, Contribute, Distribute, Retribution, Tributary, Tribute
pay, allot
372
1105. tric/tricae - tricks, Extricate, Inextricable, Intricacy, Intricate, Intrigue, Trick, Trickery, Trickster
perplexities, cheating, 373
tangle
1106. triumph - a success, Triumph, Triumphant, Trump
373
an achievement
1107. tri - three Travail, Trilogy, Trio, Tripod, Trivet 373
1108. trop - to turn Entropy, Heliotrope, Subtropical, Trope, Trophy, Tropical 373
1109. truc/trux - fierce, rough, Entrench (Intrench), Trench, Trenchant, Trencher, Truculent
374
to maim, savage
1110. trud/trus - push, shove, Abstruse, Extrude, Intrude, Intruder, Obtrude, Protrude, Protrusion, Unobtrusive 374
trust, thrust
1111. tueri /tuitus - to watch, Intuition, Intuitive, Tuition, Tutelage, Tutor, Tutor, Tutorial, Untutored
374
guard, protect, look at
1112. tumu/turg - to swell, Tumescent, Tumid, Tumour, Tumult, Tumulus
375
uproar
1113. turb/turba - confusion, Disturb, Disturbance, Imperturbable, Perturb, Perturbation, Turbid, Turbine,
disturbance, spinning, Turbulence, Turbulent 375
stir up
1114. tund / tus - to strike, Contuse, Contusion, Obtuse, Obtuseness, Toil
375
beat, thump
1115. tyro - recruit, beginner Tyro 375
1116. type/typos - a blow, Archetype, Atypical, Genotype, Prototype, Stereotype, Type, Typescript, Typewriter,
dent, impression, Typical, Typify, Typist, Typo 376
model, pattern, form
U
1117. ulter/ultim- (last, final, Antepenultimate, Penult, Penultimate, Ulterior, Ultimate, Ultimatum
376
extreme, beyond)
1118. ultra - beyond, excessive Ultraconservative, Ultracritical, Ultraliberal, Ultramarathon, Ultramarine,
376
Ultramodern, Ultranationalism, Ultrasonic, Ultrasound, Ultrasuede, Ultraviolet
1119. umber/umbra - shade, Adumbrate, Penumbra, Sombre, Umbra, Umbrage, Umbrella 377
shadow
1120. unda - a wave, to flow Abundant, Inundate, Redundancy, Redundancies, Redundant, Undulate 377
1121. un - not Unacceptable, Unadulterated, Unattractive, Uncivilized, Uncommon, Uncouth,
Uncover, Unfeigned, Unfit, Unimaginable, Uninterested, Unkempt, Unleash, Unmanned,
Unnecessary, Unnoticed, Unparalleled, Unprecedented, Unravel, Unreliable, 377
Unremarkable, Unruly, Unsafe, Unscrupulous, Unseen, Unsuitable, Unsure,
Unthinkable, Unused, Unusual, Unwilling, Unwise, Unwitting, Unworthy
1122. under - below Underarm, Undergird, Underling, Undermine 378
1123. uni/unic/ unus - one, Unanimity, Unanimous, Unilateral, Union, Unique, Unite, Unity, Universal
378
only, single, alone
1124. urb - of a city Suburb, Suburban, Urban, Urbane 379
1125. usare/uti - to use, Abuse, Abusive, Usage, Usual, Usurp, Usury, Utensil, Utilitarian, Utility
profit by, enjoy, apply, 379
consume
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
V 01-01
1126. vacu/vaca/void - be Avoid, Evacuant, Evacuate, Evacuator, Evacuee, Vacancy, Vacant, Vacantly, Vacate,
empty, hollow, waste Vacation, Vacational, Vacationist, Vacuist, Vacuity, Vacuolar, Vacuole, Vacuometer, 379
Vacuous, Vacuum, Void
1127. vad/vas - to go walk Evade, Evasive, Invade, Pervade 380
1128. vaga/vagari - to wander, Extravagance, Extravagant, Vagabond, Vagaries, Vagrancy, Vagrant, Vague, Vaguely
stroll about, roam, 381
be unsettled
1129. val/vale/vali - be strong, Convalesce, Convalescent, Equivalent, Invalid, Prevail, Prevalent, Valency,
effective, powerful, Valetudinarian, Valiant, Valid, Valour, Valuable, Value 381
worth
1130. van/vanus - idle, Evanescent, Vain, Vainly, Vaniloquence, Vanity, Wane
382
empty, vain
1131. vapor - steam, moisture Evaporate, Vapid, Vaporizer, Vaporous, Vapour 382
1132. vari - to change, alter, Covariant, Invariable, Unvarying, Unvaryingly, Variable, Variant, Varied, Variety,
382
make different Various, Vary
1133. vast - lay waste, Devastate, Vast, Wastage, Waste, Wastrel
immense, empty
382
1134. veh - to carry, bear, Inveigh, Vehement, Vehicle, Vehicular
383
convey
1135. vel - to cover, veil Reveal, Revealed, Revelation, Revelator, Veil 383
1136. veloc-swift, speedy, rapid Velociraptor, Velocity, Velodrome 383
1137. vend / venum - thing for Venal, Venality, Vend, Vendor
sale, to sell
383
1138. vene/veni/vent -to come, Advent, Adventure, Avenue, Circumvent, Contravene, Convene, Convener, Convenience,
to move forward Convenient, Event, Intervene, Inventory, Parvenu, Prevent, Prevention, Preventive, 383
Venture, Venturesome, Venue
1139. vener/vereri - stand in Irreverent, Revere, Revered, Reverence, Reverend, Reverent, Reverential, Venerable,
owe of, fear, respect, Venerate, Veneration, 384
to worship
1140. veng - get even, revenge Avenge, Avenger, Revenge, Vengeance, Vengeful 385
1141. venia - forgiveness Venial 385
1142. venter / ventris - belly, Ventral, Ventricle, Ventriloquist
385
paunch, stomach
1143. ver/verus - true Aver, Inveracity, Veracious, Veracity, Verdict, Verify, Verisimilitude, Verism, Veritable 385
1144. verb / verbum - word Adverb, Proverbial , Verb, Verbal, Verbalize, Verbally, Verbatim, Verbiage, Verbose, Verve 386
1145. verd - flourish, green Verdant, Verdigris, Verdure 386
1146. vers / vert - to turn Adversary, Adverse, Adversity, Advertise, Advertisement, Ambivert, Anniversary, Averse,
Avert, Converse, Diverge, Divergent, Diverse, Diversity, Divert, Divorce, Extrovert, 386
Introvert, Inverted, Irreversible, Pervert, Universe, Versatile, Version, Verso, Versus,
Vertebrate, Vertex, Vertical, Vertigo
1147. vesper - even song Hesperus, Vesper, Vespers, Vespertilionid 387
1148. vest - garment, clothing, Divest, Invest, Investiture, Travesty, Vest, Vest, Vestment
to clothe, to dress, 388
to adorn
1149. veter - old, aged, Inveterate, Veteran, Veterinarian, Veterinary
388
experienced
1150. vex - to shake, disturb, Vex, Vexation, Vexatious 388
annoy
1151. via/vio/voi/voy - way, Convey, Convoy, Deviant, Deviate, Devious, Envoy, Impervious, Invoice, Obviate,
388
road Obvious, Previous, Trivia, Trivial, Trivialize, Viaduct, Voyage
1152. vibra - move to and fro Vibrant, Vibrate, Vibration, Vibrato, Vibrator 389
1153. vice - in place of, Vicarious, Vice-admiral, Vice-President, Vice-principal, Viceroy
389
substitute
1154. vict / vinc - to overcome, Evict, Victim, Victor, Victorious, Victory,
conquer 390
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
1155. vid / vis - to see Advice, Advise, Advisor/Adviser, Clairvoyance, Envisage, Envisaged, Evidence, Evident,
Invidious, Provide, Providence, Provident, Provision, Provisional, Survey, Television, 390
Video, Visage, Visible, Vision, Visionary, Vista
1156. vigil - watchful, awake Argus eyed, Invigilate, Invigilator, Vigil, Vigilance, Vigilant, Vigilante 391
1157. vigor - be lively, Invigorate, Vigorous, Vigour, 391
flourish, thrive
1158. vil - shameful, Revile, Vile, Vilification, Vilify 391
dishonourable
1159. vinc/vict/vanq - to Convince, Evince, Invincible, Vanquish, Vincible
392
conquer, overcome
1160. vinho /vinum/vitis - Vignette, Vindaloo, Vinegar, Vineyard, Viniculture, Vinification, Vino, Vinous, Vintage,
392
wine Vintner, Vinyl, Viticulture
1161. violat/violent-vehement Violate, Violation, Violence, Violent
treat with violence, 392
dishonour
1162. vir-a man, hero Triumvirate, Virago, Virile, Virility 393
1163. virgine/virgo - fresh, Virgin
393
unused
1164. virtu/virtus - moral Virtual, Virtue, Virtuosity, Virtuoso, Virtuous
strength, high character, 393
goodness valour,
bravery, courage
1165. viro/virus - poison Retrovirus, Virology, Virus, Virulent 393
1166. viti/ vicios - vice, wicked, Vicious, Vitiate, Vituperation
cunning, underhand, 393
defective, illegal
1167. viv/vita - to live, life Convivial, Curriculum Vitae, Devitalize, Inter vivos, Oviparous, Ovoviviparous,
Redivivus, Revitalize, Revive, Survive, Viable, Vital, Vitality, Vitamin, Vitals, Viva Voce, 394
Vivace, Vivacious, Vivarium, Vivid, Viviparous, Vivisection
1168. voc / vok - to call Advocacy, Advocate, Convocation, Convoke, Devocalize, Equivocal, Evoke, Invocation,
Invoke, Provocative, Provoke, Revoke, Unequivocal, Univocal, Vocabulary, Vocal, 394
Vocalist, Vocalize, Vocation, Vociferous
1169. vol - to wish Benevolence, Involuntary, Malevolence, Volatile, Volition, Voluntary, Volunteer 395
1170. volare - to fly Volley, Volleyball 396
1171. volu / volv - roll, turn Circumvolution, Convolve, Devolve, Evolve, Involve, Revolve, Revolver, Vault, Voluble,
396
Volume, Voluminous, Volute
1172. vomere/emesis - to vomit Emetic, Ignivomous, Vomit, Vomitorium 396
1173. vor - to eat Ambivorous, Apivorous, Calcivorous, Carnivorous, Devour, Equivorous, Folivorous,
Formicivorous, Fructivorous, Frugivorous, Graminivorous, Granivorous, Herbivorous,
Insectivorous, Limivorous, Merdivorous, Omnivorous, Ossivorous, Piscivorous, 396
Sanguivorous, Voracious
1174. vot - vow, a wish, Devotee, Devotion, Devout, Votary, Vote, Voter, Voting, Votive, Vow
promise, pledge 397
1175. vulgus - make common, Divulge, Vulgar
publish 397
1176. vulner/vulnus - wound Invulnerability, Invulnerable, Vulnerability, Vulnerable 397
1177. vulp - fox Vulpecula, Vulpine 398
1178. vuls - pluck, pull, tear Convulse, Convulsion, Revulsion, Vulture 398
W
1179. wane - lessen, dimish Wan, Wane, Want, Wanton 398
1180. ward - look, heed Reward, Rewarded 398
1181. ware - aware Aware, Unwary, Wary 398
1182. wick - bad, false Wicked, Wickedness 398
1183. wis/wiz - learned Wisdom, Wise, Wizard 398
1184. wid - vast, broad, long Wide, Widespread 398
S.No. Root Word Examples Page No.
1185. wiersa - worse, war, Worse, Worsen 399
to confuse, mix up
1186. with - away, against Withdraw, Withhold, Withstand 399
1187. wa! - exclamation of Wailing, Woe, Woebegone, Woeful
lament, grief
399
1188. wriggen - to turn, twist Wreath, Wriggle, Writhe 399
X
1189. xen/xeno - foreign, Xenogenesis, Xenon, Xenophile, Xenophobia, Xenophobic 399
strange
1190. xero - dry Xerography, Xerophyte 399
Z
1191. zahr - chance, luck, dice Hazard, Hazardous 399
1192. zelus - zeal, jealously Jealous, Overzealous, Zeal, Zealot, Zealotry, Zealous 399
1193. zephyros-the west wind Zephyr 400
1194. zeste - lemon peel Zest 400
1195. zo/zoo - animal, life Hematozoon, Protozoan, Saprozoic, Zoanthropy, Zodiac, Zooid, Zoology, Zoophilia,
400
Zoophyte, Zootomy
Key To Book Entries
Key To Book Entries
 1. Archy, Cracy - Forms of Plutarchy : the wealthy; plutocracy 2. Cide - Killing and Killers
Polyarchy : many people All of these words end in - Cide, from Latin, to
Government kill. Some of them refer exclusively to the act
Thearchy : god or gods; body of divine
Each of the following words indicate a form of of killing a specific thing (eg. germicide) while
rulers
government or type of leadership by a certain others can refer to the act itself or to the person
kind of person or organisation. Triarchy : three people performing the act (eg - genocide). Cide is a
The suffix archy means - rulership and cracy Whiggarchy : Whigs combining form and is a noun suffix.
means - power, government both words come Examples :
from Greek roots. Archy and cracy both are Acracy : none; anarchy
• Matricide - (matri - mother + cide - to kill)
noun suffixes, that means all the words that Albocracy : white people The killing of one's own mother.
end in - archy or - cracy are nouns.
Androcracy : men • Ovicide - (ovi - egg + cide - to kill) an
Examples :
Argentocracy : money insecticide that is especially effective at
• Monarchy (mon - one + archy - rule) one
killing the egg stage of an insect.
ruler. Aristocracy : the nobility
(SSC CGL MAINS 2019) • Parricide (parri - relative + cide - to kill) the
• Oligarchy (olig - few + archy - rule) a few
killing of one's parent or close relative.
rulers. Arithmocracy : simple majority
Word : killing of
• Demo cracy (Demo - people + cracy Autocracy : one individual
Aborticide : a fetus; abortion
government) Government run by the (SSC CGL PRE 2022)
people. Acaricide : mites and ticks
Bureaucracy : civil servants (SSC CPO 2017)
• Gerontocracy (geronto - old age + cracy Algicide : algae
Chirocracy : physical force
government) elders. Amicicide : a friend
Chrysoaristocracy
• Gynecocracy (Gyneco - woman + cracy Avicide : birds (SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
: the wealthy; plutocracy
government) woman or a woman.
Chrysocracy : the wealthy; plutocracy Bacillicide : bacteria
Word : government by
Corpocracy : corporate bureaucrats Bactericide : bacteria
Anarchy : none (SSC CHSL 2021)
Democracy : the people (SSC MTS 2020) Biocide : living material
Antarchy : opposition to government;
anarchy Bovicide : cattle
Doulocracy : slaves
Aristarchy : the best Ceticide : whales and other cetaceans
Ergatocracy : the workers
Autarchy : an absolute ruler Deicide : a god
Ethnocracy : an ethnic group or race
Biarchy : two people; diarchy Ecocide : destruction of the
Gerontocracy : the aged (SSC CGL MAINS 2019)
Binarchy : two people; diarchy environment
Gynaecocracy : women; gynarchy
Famicide : destroys another's
Chiliarchy : one thousand people
Gynocracy : women; gynarchy reputation, slanderer
Cosmarchy : a devil over the entire world
Hagiocracy : holy men Felicide : a cat
Cryptarchy : secret rulership
Hierocracy : priests or religious ministers Femicide : a woman
Decadarchy : ten individual
Idiocracy : personal rule; self-rule Feticide : a fetus
Decarchy : ten individuals
Infantocracy : an infant Filicide : one's own child
Demarchy : the people (SSC CGL PRE 2017)
Isocracy : equal political power
Diarchy : two people Floricide : flowers
Kakistocracy : the worst
Dinarchy : two people; diarchy Foeticide : fetus
Duarchy : two people; diarchy Kleptocracy : thieves
Formicide : ants
Ecclesiarchy : clerics or ecclesiastical Logocracy : government of words
Fratricide : one's brother (SSC MTS 2019)
authorities Meritocracy : the meritorious
Fungicide : fungus
Gynarchy : women (SSC CGL MAINS 2010)
Genocide : a race or ethnic group
Hagiarchy : saints or holy persons Mesocracy : the middle classes
(CRPF HCM 2023)
Hecatarch : one hundred people; Nomocracy : government based on legal Germicide : substance that kills germs
hecatontarchy system; rule of law
Gynaecide : women
Hecatontarchy : one hundred people Paedocracy : children; paedarchy
Herbicide : plants
Heterarchy : a foreign ruler Plutocracy : the wealthy (SSC MTS 2021)
Homicide : a human being (SSC CPO PRE 2022)
Hierarchy : a ranked body; priests Polycracy : many rulers; polyarchy
Infanticide : an infant (SSC CGL PRE 2022)
(SSC ASST. GRADE-1996)
Psephocracy : resulting from election by
Insecticide : insects
Matriarchy : women or mothers ballot
Larvicide : larvae
Monarchy : one individual(SSC CHSL 2019) Theatrocracy : gathered assemblies of citizens
Liberticide : liberty
Oligarchy : the few (SSC CPO 2020) Theocracy : priests or by religious law
Lupicide : a wolf
Paedarchy : children (SSC CPO PRE 2018)
Mariticide : one's husband
Panarchy : universal rule or dominion Tritheocracy : three gods
Matricide : one's mother(SSC CGL PRE 2022)
Pantarchy : all the people Xenocracy : foreigners
Menticide : reduction of mind by
Patriarchy : men or fathers
psychological pressure

438
Microbicide : killing of microbes • Telescope (tele - distant + scope - to view) An Accelerometer : acceleration of vibrations
Neonaticide : a new born infant optical instruments for viewing celestial Aerometer : density of gas
bodies.
Ovicide : insect eggs Alcoholometer : proportion of alcohol in
Word : Instrument for solutions
Ovicide : sheep
Anemograph : measuring pressure and Alcovinometer : strength of wine
Parenticide : killing of one's parents velocity of wind
Algometer : sensitivity to pain
Parricide : parents or a parent-like Barograph : recording air pressure
close relative (STAT. INV. 2005) Altimeter : altitude (SSC CHSL 2020)
Cardiograph : recording movements of
Patricide : one's father(SSC CHSL PRE 2022) the heart Ammeter : electrical current
Pesticide : pests (SSC CGL MAINS 2020) Chronograph : recording the moment of an Anemometer : wind velocity
Prolicide : offspring; the human race event Audiometer : acuity of hearing
Raticide : rats Coronagraph : viewing the corona of the Barometer : air pressure (SSC CGL Pre 2018)
sun Bathymeter : contours of deep oceans
Regicide : a monarch (SSC CGL PRE 2016)
Cyclograph : describing arcs of circles
Rodenticide : rodents Calorimeter : absorbed or evolved heat
without compasses
Senicide : old men Chronometer : time (SSC CPO 2018)
Diagraph : enlarging or projecting
Serpenticide : a snake drawings Clinometer : slopes and elevations

Siblicide : a sibling Dynamograph : recording mechanical Craniometer : the skull

Silvicide : trees forces Cryometer : low temperatures

Sororicide : one's own sister (SSC CPO 2017) Eidograph : copying drawings Cyanometer : blueness of the sky or ocean
Electrocardiograph Cyclometer : revolutions of a wheel
Spermicide : sperm
: recording unusual electrical
Suicide : oneself (SSC MTS 2021) Cytometer : counting cells
fluctuations of the heart
Tauricide : a bull (ECG) Dendrometer : trees

Urbicide : destruction of a city Electroencephalograph Dilatometer : expansion

: measuring the brain's Dioptometer : focus or refraction of the
Ursicide : a bear
electrical impulses (EEG) eyes
Uxoricide : one's own wife
Electrograph : recording electrical Dromometer : speed
Vaticide : a prophet (SSC CGL MAINS 2017) potential
Drosometer : dew
Verbicide : a word Electromyograph
: diagnosing neuromuscular Durometer : hardness of substances
Vermicide : worms
disorders Dynamometer : mechanical force
Vespacide : wasps
Encephalograph Electrodynamometer
Viricide : viruses; men or of husbands : recording brain images : electrical current
Virucide : viruses Ergograph : measuring and recording Electrometer : electrical potential
Vulpicide : a fox muscular work Ergometer : work performed
Weedicide : weeds Gyrograph : counting a wheel's
Fathometer : underwater depth sing sound
revolutions
3. Graph, Meter, Scope - Scientific Galvanometer : electrical current
Heliograph : measuring intensity of
Instruments sunlight Gasometer : gases
There words define scientific instruments and Heliometer : apparent diameter of the sun
Hyetograph : recording rainfall
technical tools used for viewing, displaying,
Loxodograph : ship's travels Hippometer : height of horses
recording and measuring.
Marigraph : recording tide levels Hydrometer : specific gravity of liquids
• Most of these words end in graph (Greek) -
(instruments for displaying and recording) Micrograph : write on a very small scale Hyetometer : measuring rainfall
• meter(Greek) - (instruments for measuring) Myograph : recording muscular Hygrometer : measuring air moisture

• scope (Greek) - (instruments for viewing) contractions Lactometer : relative density of milk
Examples : Odograph : measuring distance Lucimeter : light intensity
travelled; odometer
• Barograph (baro - pressure + graph - Luxmeter : illumination
recording) Instrument for graphically Odontograph : obtaining curves for gear-
Magnetometer : intensity of magnetic fields
recording variations in atmospheric teeth
Mecometer : length
pressure. Pneumograph : measuring and recording
respiration Megameter : longitude by observing stars
• Cardiograph (cardio - heart + graph -
recording) Instruments for graphically Polygraph : measuring small changes in Micrometer : small distances
recording the movements of the heart. pulse and respiration Microseismometer
• Odometer (hodos - journey + meter - to (SSC CGL MAINS 2012) : small or distant earthquakes
measure) Device for measuring distance Seismograph : earthquakes (SSC CHSL 2021) Odometer : distance travelled
traveled in a vehicle. Sonograph : sound Oenometer : alcoholic strength of wine
• Cryoscope (cryo - cold + scope - to observe) Spirograph : breathing Ohmmeter : electrical resistance
An instruments for measuring the freezing
Tachograph : speed of rotation Olfactometer : intensity of odour of a
points of liquids and solutions.
Thermograph : temperature substance

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 439
Ombrometer : rain-gauge Hodoscope : tracing paths of ionizing Animism : attribution of soul to
Oometer : eggs particles inanimate objects
Ophthalmometer : the eye Hydroscope : viewing under water Annihilationism
Pedometer : distance travelled on foot Kinetoscope : producing curves by : the wicked are utterly
combination of circular destroyed after death
Phonometer : sound levels
movements Apocalypticism : the imminent end of the
Photometer : light intensity
Koniscope : dust in air world
Planimeter : area of plane figures Asceticism : self-denial of the body
Laryngoscope : examining interior of the
Plegometer : the strength of a blow permits spiritual
larynx
Pluviometer : rain enlightenment
Megascope : projecting an enlarged
Aspheterism : denial of the right to private
Pneometer : respiration image
property
Pneumatometer : quantity of air breathed Microscope : magnifying small objects
Atheism : there is no god
Potometer : rate at which plants absorb (SSC MTS 2013)
water Atomism : the universe consists of
Ophthalmoscope : viewing the interior of the
small indivisible particles
Pycnometer : specific gravity or density eye
Autosoterism : one can obtain salvation
Pyrgeometer : radiation from earth Otoscope : examining the ear
through oneself
Pyrheliometer : heating effect of sun Pyroscope : intensity of radiant heat
Autotheism : one is god incarnate or that
Pyrometer : very high temperatures Radioscope : viewing objects using X rays one is christ
Radiometer : radiation energy Rhinoscope : examining the nose Bitheism : two gods
Rheometer : current Seismoscope : detecting earthquakes Bonism : the world is good but not
Saccharimeter : amount of sugar in a Selenoscope : viewing the moon perfect
solution Statoscope : small changes in Capitalism : private ownership and free
Salinometer : amount of salt in a solution atmospheric pressure markets should govern
economies
Seismometer : earthquake intensity Stethoscope : detecting sounds produced
Collectivism : communal control of means
Serimeter : quality of silk by the body
of production
Sillometer : speed of ship Telescope : viewing objects at great
Communism : theory of classless society in
distances (SSC CHSL 2012)
Speedometer : velocity which individuals cannot
Thermoscope : indicating change in
Spirometer : lung capacity own property
temperature
Stenometer : distances Conservatism : maintaining political and
4. Ism - doctrine or belief social traditions
Stethometer : chest expansion during
These words end in - ism, each representing a Deism : god but rejection of religion
breathing philosophical, political or moral doctrine or a
Thermometer : temperature (SSC MTS 2016) Determinism : events are predetermined by
belief system. Ism is a noun suffix, these words
preceding events or laws
Trechometer : distance travelled; odometer are used to represent a set of ideas or system of
beliefs or behaviour. Ditheism : two equal gods, one good
Trigonometer : solving triangles
Examples : and one evil
Trocheameter : counting wheel's revolutions Egalitarianism : humans ought to be equal in
• Agnosticism(a - not + gnos - knowledge +
Udometer : rainfall rights and privileges
ism - doctrine)we can know nothing
Velocimeter : velocity Beyond material phenomena. Egoism : the pursuit of self-interest is
Velometer : speed of air the highest good
• Malism (mal - evil + ism - belief) - the belief
Viameter : revolutions of a wheel that the World is evil. Egotheism : identification of oneself with
god
Voltameter : electrical current indirectly • Somatism (somato - matter + ism-doctrine) -
belief that Matter is the only extant Eidolism : ghosts
Xanthometer : colour of sea or lake water
substance; materialism. Empiricism : the experience of the senses
Xylometer : specific gravity of wood
Word : doctrine / belief in is the only source of
Zymometer : fermentation knowledge
Absolutism : a single Absolute ruler;
Zymosimeter : fermentation Eternalism : matter has existed eternally
autocracy
Arthroscope : examining interior of a joint Experientialism
Absurdism : we live in an irrational
Auriscope : examining the ear : knowledge comes from
Universe
experience
Bronchoscope : examining the windpipe Adevism : denial of gods of mythology
Fatalism : events are fixed and humans
Chronoscope : very short time intervals and legend
are powerless
Cryoscope : determining freezing Aestheticism : beauty is central to other
Fideism : knowledge depends on faith
points of substances Moral principles
over reason
Endoscope : visualizing interior of a Agathism : ultimate triumph of good
Geocentrism : earth is the centre of the
hollow organ despite evil means
universe
Galvanoscope : detecting presence and Agnosticism : we can know nothing
Gnosticism : freedom derives solely from
direction of electric current beyond material phenomena
knowledge
Helioscope : observing sun without Anarchism : all governments should be
Gradualism : things proceed by degrees
injury to the eyes abolished
(PNB SO-2005)

440
Hedonism : pleasure is the highest good human capacities Bibliolatry : the bible or other books
Henism : there is only one kind of Rationalism : reason is the fundamental Cosmolatry : the world
existence source of knowledge
Cynolatry : dogs
Holism : parts of any thing must be Realism : objects of cognition are real
Demonolatry : demons
understood in relation to the Sexism : systematic inequalities
whole between the sexes Dendrolatry : trees
Humanism : human interests and mind Siderism : the stars influence human Epeolatry : words
are paramount affairs Episcopolatry : bishops
Humanitarianism : the highest moral obligation
Skepticism : true knowledge is always Gamidolatry : marriage
is to improve human welfare
uncertain
Hylicism : materialism Geolatry : earth
Socialism : centralized state control of
Idealism : our experiences of the world Gyniolatry : deep respect or devotion for
wealth and property
consist of ideas women
Somatism : materialism
Ignorantism : ignorance is a favourable Hagiolatry : saints
thing Spatialism : matter has only spatial,
Heliolatry : sun
temporal and causal
Individualism : individual interests and
properties Hierolatry : saints or sacred things
rights are paramount
Spiritualism : nothing is real except the Hygeiolatry : excessive devotion to health
Intellectualism : all knowledge is derived
soul or spirit Ichthyolatry : fish
from reason
Stoicism : indifference to pleasure or
Kathenotheism : polytheism in which each Iconolatry : images
god is considered single and pain
Ideolatry : ideas
supreme Syndicalism : direct worker control of
capital Idiolatry : self; egotism
Liberalism : social change and tolerance
Synergism : human will and divine spirit Idolatry : idols (SSC MTS 2016)
Libertarianism : personal liberty is the
highest value cooperate in salvation Ignicolist : fire
Malism : the world is evil Thanatism : the soul dies with the body Litholatry : worship of stones
Materialism : matter is the only extant Theism : the existence of God Lordolatry : nobility
substance Theocentrism : God is central fact of Monolatry : one god
Monopsychism : individuals have a single existence
Necrolatry : the dead
eternal soul Transmigrationism : soul passes into other body
Monotheism : only one god at death Neolatry : novelty

Nihilism : denial of all reality; extreme Universalism : universal salvation Onolatry : or donkeys
skepticism (SSC CHSL 2017) Zoism ; life of originates from a Ophiolatry : snakes
Nullibilism : denial that the soul exists in single vital principle Patriolatry : one's native country
space Zoomorphism : a god or man in animal form Physiolatry : nature
Objectivism : all reality is objective
Zootheism : attribution of divine Planetolatry : the planets
Omnism : all religions qualities to animals
Plutolatry : wealth
Optimism : we live in the best of all 5. Latry - forms of worship
possible worlds Selenolatry : the moon
The words in this list end in - latry, from the
Pantheism : many gods greek latreuein , to worship. Thaumatolatry : miracles or wonders
(SSC TAX ASSISTANT 2008)
Examples : Zoolatry : animals
Panzoism : humans and animals share
vital life energy
• Astrolatry - (astro - star + latry - worship) - 6. Logy, ics - Studies and Sciences
worship of Stars. These words define sciences, arts and studies
Pejorism : severe pessimism
• Bibliolatry - (biblio - book + latry - worship) of various things, most of these words end in '
Pessimism : the universe is essentially ology), from the greek logos, meaning 'word'
excessive Devotion to or dependence on
evil and - ics suffix for science.
books.
Pluralism : reality consists of several
• Heliolatry - (helio - sun + latry - worship) - Examples :
kinds or entities
worship of the sun. • Apiology (api - bee + ology) - study of bees.
Polytheism : multiple deities
(SSC CGL PRE 2014)
• Necrolatry - (necro - dead + latry - worship) • Dendrology (dender - tree + ology - study of )
worship of the dead. the study of Trees and shrubs.
Positivism : that which is not observable
is not knowable • Zoolatry - (zoo - animal + latry - worship) • Limnology (limne - lake + ology - study of) -
worship of Animals. the study of Fresh water lakes.
Pragmatism : doctrine emphasizing
practical value of philosophy Word : worship of • Lithology (lith - stone + ology - study of ) - the
Primitivism : a simple and natural life is Allotheism : strange gods study of the Structure and composition of
morally best (SSC CHSL 2021) Anthropolatry : human beings rocks and minerals.
Pyrrhonism : total or radical skepticism Arborolatry : trees • Acoustics (acoust - sound + ics - science) -
Quietism : enlightenment through science of sound.
Archaeolatry : archaic things or old Customs
mental tranquility Word : study of
Astrolatry : stars
Racism : belief that race is the Acarology : study of mites
Autolatry : self
primary determinant of

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 441
Aerobiology : airborne organisms Dactyliology : rings Iatrology : treatise or text on medical
Aerology : the atmosphere Dactylography : fingerprints topics; medicine

Agrobiology : plant nutrition; soil yields Dactylology : sign language Ichthyology : fish

Agrology : agricultural soils Demology : human behaviour Iconology : icons; symbols

Agrostology : grasses Demonology : demons Ideology : ideas; system of ideas used to

justify behaviour
Anemology : winds Dendrochronology : tree rings
Immunology : immunity
Angiology : blood flow and lymphatic Dendrology : trees
Insectology : insects
system Dermatology : skin (SSC MTS 2021)
Anthropology : human cultures Kalology : beauty
Diplomatology : diplomats
(SSC CHSL PRE 2022) Koniology : atmospheric pollutants and
Ecology : environment (SSC CPO 2020)
Aphnology : science of wealth dust
Edaphology : soils
Apiology : bees Lexicology : words and their meanings
Embryology : embryos
Arachnology : spiders Limnology : bodies of fresh water
Endemiology : local diseases
Archaeology : human material remains Lithology : rocks
Endocrinology : glands
(SSC CHSL 2020) Loimology : plagues and epidemics
Entomology : insects (SSC CPO PRE 2022)
Archelogy : first principles Mammalogy : mammals
Ergology : effects of work on humans
Archology : science of the origins of Mastology : mammals
government Eschatology : death; final matters
Mazology : mammal; mammalogy
Arthrology : joints Ethnology : cultures
Melittology : bees
(ACIO GRADE II EXEC. 20.02.2021)
Astheniology : diseases of weakening and
Meteorology : weather
aging Etiology : causes; especially of disease
Metrology : weights and measures
Astrology : influence of stars on people Etymology : origins of words (SSC MTS 2020)
Microbiology : microscopic organisms
Astronomy : celestial bodies Exobiology : extraterrestrial life
Microscopy : minute objects
(SSC CHSL PRE 2022) Fluviology : watercourses
Atmology : science of aqueous vapour Morphology : forms and the development
Gastroenterology : stomach; intestines
of structures
Audiology : hearing Gemmology : gems and jewels
Mycology : funguses
Autology : oneself (CDS-I 2019) Genealogy : descent of families
Myology : muscles
Auxology : science of growth Geology : earth's crust (SSC CHSL 2020)
Myrmecology : ants
Bacteriology : bacteria Geratology : decadence and decay
Mythology : myths; fables; tales
Barology : gravitation Gerontology : the elderly; aging
Nasology : the nose
Bibliology : books Glossology : language; the tongue
Neonatology : newborn babies
Biology : life (CISF 2010) Gnosiology : knowledge; philosophy of
Neossology : nestling birds
Bromatology : food knowledge
Graminology : grasses Nephology : clouds
Brontology : thunder
Grammatology : systems of writing Nephrology : the kidneys
Bryology : mosses and liverworts
Graphology : handwriting Neurology : nervous system (SSC
Caliology : bird's nests SELECTION POST PHASE VII 2019)
Carcinology : crabs and other crustaceans Gynaecology : women's physiology
Nidology : nests
Cardiology : the heart (SSC MTS 2021) Hagiology : saints
Nomology : the laws; especially of the
Carpology : fruit Heliology : science of the sun mind
Cetology : whales and dolphins Hematology : blood Nosology : diseases
Chirocosmetics : beautifying the hands; art of Hepatology : liver Numerology : numbers
manicure Hierology : sacred matters Odontology : teeth
Chirography : handwriting or penmanship Hippology : horses Oenology : wines
Chirology : the hands Histology : the tissues of organisms Oikology : housekeeping
Climatology : climate Historiology : history Olfactology : the sense of smell
Clinology : aging or individual decline Hoplology : weapons Ombrology : rain
after maturity Horography : art of constructing sundials Oncology : tumours (SSC CGL 2017)
Conchology : shells or clocks
Oneirology : dreams
Cosmology : the universe Horology : time measurement
Ontology : pure being; the nature of
Craniology : the skull Hydrogeology : ground water things
Cryobiology : life under cold conditions Hydrology : water resources Oology : eggs
Cryptology : codes Hygrology : humidity Ophiology : snakes (SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
Cynology : dogs Hymnology : hymns Optology : sight
Cytology : living cells (SSC MTS 2016) Hypnology : sleep; hypnosis Ornithology : birds (SSC CGL MAINS 2016)

442
Orology : mountains Spermology : seeds Avionics : electronic devices for
Osmology : smells and olfactory Sphragistics : seals and signets aircraft (SSC CPO PRE 2017)
processes Stasiology : political parties Bibliotics : documents to determine
Osteology : bones authenticity
Stoichiology : elements of animal tissues
Otology : the ear Biometrics : biological measurement
Stomatology : the mouth
Paedology : children Bionomics : organisms interacting in
Tectonics : structure of objects,
their environments
Palaeontology : fossils buildings and landforms
Cacogenics : racial degeneration
Papyrology : paper Tegestology : study and collecting of beer
Diplomatics : deciphering ancient writings
Parthenology : virgins mats
and texts
Pathology : disease (SSC CGL MAINS 2020) Teleology : final causes; analysis in
Dysgenics : racial degeneration
terms of purpose
Pedology : soils Economics : material wealth
Thanatology : death and its customs
Petrology : rocks Ekistics : human settlement
Theology : religion; religious doctrine
Pharmacology : drugs Ergonomics : people at work
(SSC GD 2018)
Philematology : kissing Timbrology : postage stamps Euthenics : science concerned with
Philology : ancient texts; historical Tocology : obstetrics; midwifery improving living conditions
linguistics (SSC CGL PRE 2022) Geoponics : agriculture
Topology : places and their natural
Phonology : speech sounds Graphemics : systems of representing
features
Phycology : algae and seaweeds Toxicology : poisons speech in writing
Physiology : processes of life Traumatology : wounds and their effects Halieutics : fishing
(SSC CHSL PRE 2022) Hedonics : part of ethics or psychology
Trichology : hair and its disorders
Phytology : plants; botany dealing with pleasure
Trophology : nutrition
Piscatology : fishes Hippiatrics : diseases of horses
Typhlology : blindness and the blind
Plutology : wealth; political economy Hydrodynamics : movement in liquids
Typology : types of things
Podology : the feet Kinematics : motion
Unfology : alien spacecraft
Polemology : war Kinesics : gestural communication
Uranography : descriptive astronomy and
Pomology : fruit-growing Kinetics : forces producing or
mapping
Posology : quantity or dosage changing motion
Uranology : the heavens; astronomy
Potamology : rivers Linguistics : language
Urbanology : cities
Psephology : election results and voting Mathematics : magnitude, number and
Urenology : rust molds
trends (SSC CGL MAINS 2020) forms
Urology : urine; urinary tract
Pseudology : art or science of lying Mechanics : action of force on bodies
Vermeology : worms
Psychology : mind (CRPF HCM 2023) Metaphysics : principles of nature and
Vexillology : flags thought
Pteridology : ferns
Vinology : scientific study of vines and Nautics : art of navigation
Pterylology : distribution of feathers on
winemaking Numismatics : coins
birds
Virology : viruses
Pyretology : fevers Optics : light
Volcanology : volcanoes
Pyrgology : towers Pedagogics : teaching
Vulcanology : volcanoes
Physics : properties of matter and
Radiology : x-rays and their medical
Xylology : wood energy
applications
(SSC CGL MAINS 2018) Zoology : animals (SSC CPO PRE 2022) Pneumatics : mechanics of gases
Rheology : the deformation or flow of Zoonosology : animal diseases Semantics : meaning
matter Zoopathology : animal diseases Silvics : tree's life
Rhinology : the nose Zoophysiology : physiology of animals Statics : bodies and forces in
Sarcology : fleshy parts of the body Zygology : joining and fastening equilibrium
Seismology : earthquakes (SSC CGL PRE 2021) Zymology : fermentation Theriatrics : veterinary medicine
Selenology : the moon Acoustics : sound (CRPF HCM 2023) Thermodynamics : relation of heat to motion
Semantology : meanings of words Aerodynamics : dynamics of gases; Tonetics : pronunciation
Semasiology : meaning; semantics movement in a flow of air or Toponymics : place-names
Serology : serums gas Vitrics : glassy materials; glassware;
Sinology : china Aeronautics : navigation through air or Zoiatrics : veterinary surgery
space
Sociology : society (CPO MAINS 2017) Zoosemiotics : animal communication
Agronomics : productivity of land
Somatology : the properties of matter 7. Loquy - Styles of Speech
Algedonics : pleasure and pain
Sophiology : ideas These words refer to manners or styles of
Anatomy : the structure of the body speaking. These words use the suffix ”- loquy”,
Spectrology : ghosts
(SSC MTS 2019 ”- loquent” , form latin loqui (to speak).

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 443
Examples : Longiloquence : long-winded language • Oneiromancy (oneiro - dream + mancy)
• Circumlocation(cirum - around + locu - to Loquence : speech divination through the analysis of dreams.
speak + tion) a Round about, evasive, or Magniloquent : speaking in a grand or • Hydromancy (hydro - water + mancy)
long-winded way of speaking. pompous style dividation by observing the motion of
• Dulciloquent (dulci - sweet + loquent - to (CDS EXAM I 2022) water.
speak) speaking Sweetly Melliloquent : speaking harmoniously or • Pyromancy (pyro - fire + mancy) divination
• Somni loquence (sumni - sleep + loque - to sweetly by fire.
speak + ence - Noun suffix) - talking in one's Mendaciloquence : lying speech Word : devination by
sleep. Multiloquence : talkativeness; use of many Acultomancy : needles
• Tardiloquent (tardi - slow + loquent - to speak) words Aeromancy : weather
speaking Slowly. Obloquy : censure; calumny; slander; Ailuromancy : watching cats' movements
• Veriloquent (veri - truth + loquent - to speak) disgrace
Alomancy : salt
speaking Truthfully. Omniloquent : speaking on all subjects
Alveromancy : sounds
Word : speaking Parciloquy : laconic speech
Ambulomancy : taking a walk
Alieniloquy : subjects other than the Pauciloquent : speaking little; of few words
matter at hand; off-topic Anthomancy : flowers
Pectoriloquy : sound of patient's voice as
speech Arithmancy : numbers
heard through stethoscope
Alloquy : speaking to another or many Astromancy : stars
Planiloquent : speaking plainly
others; an address Batraquomancy : frogs
Altiloquence : speaking pompously or high Pleniloquence : excessive talking; fullness of
speech
Bibliomancy : opening a book at random
speech
Polyloquent : speaking much; loquacious Botanomancy : burning branches or plants
Ambiloquous : using dubious or ambiguous
expressions Sanctiloquent : speaking on heavenly or
Capnomancy : smoke
Amphoriloquy : cavernous voice of a patient holy matters Cartomancy : playing cards
heard over a patient's lung Sialoquent : spitting greatly while Causimancy : fire
cavity speaking Ceromancy : wax drippings
Anteloquy : a preface Soliloquent : speaking in soliloquies; Chiromancy : palmistry (SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
Antiloquy : speaking against some idea; prone to giving soliloquies
Chronomancy : time
contradicting or gainsaying Soliloquy : talking or conversing with
Cleidomancy : keys
Biloquist : one capable of speaking with oneself; dramatic
production of this nature Crystalomancy : a crystal globe
two distinct voices
(CRPF HCM 2023) Cubomancy : throwing dice
Blandiloquence : complimentary speech;
flattery
Somniloquence : talking in one's sleep Dactyliomancy : finger
Stultiloquence : foolish or senseless talk Demonomancy : demons
Blesiloquent : speaking with a stammer or
lisp Suaviloquence : pleasing or agreeable speech Gastromancy : sounds from the belly
Breviloquence : short-windedness; tendency Tardiloquent : speaking slowly Geomancy : casting earth onto a surface
towards brevity in speech Tolutiloquence : smooth or flowing speech Graptomancy : studying handwriting
Centiloquy : work consisting of one Tristiloquy : mournful manner of speech Gyromancy : falling from dizziness
hundred aphorisms,
Vaniloquence : vain or foolish talk Halomancy : salt
attributed to ptolemy
Ventriloquism : speaking so that the voice Hematomancy : blood
Colloquy : speaking together; mutual
appears to come from Hieromancy : studying objects offered in
discourse(SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
elsewhere sacrifice
Dentiloquent : speaking with clenched
Veriloquent : speaking truthfully; truthful Hippomancy : horses
teeth
Diversiloquent : speaking in different ways; 8. Mancy - Divination and fortune Hydromancy : water
speaking on different telling Hypnomancy : sleep
subjects These words define the kinds of divination and Ichnomancy : footprints
Doctiloquent : speaking learnedly fortune telling. Mostly these words end in
Ichthyomancy : inspecting fish entrails
”mancy”, from the greek word manteia,
Dulciloquent : speaking sweetly Iconomancy : icons
divination.
Eloquence : forceful and appealing Idolomancy : idols
Examples :
speech (NDS & NA EXAM-I 2021)
• Bibliomancy (bibio - book + mancy - Labiomancy : lip reading
Falsiloquence : deceitful speech
divination) divination by means of a book, Lithomancy : stones or meteorites
Fatiloquent : speaking prophetically; especially a randomly chosen bible verse or Logomancy : words
declaring fate literary passage.
Macromancy : large objects
Grandiloquent : bombastic • Chiromancy (chiro - hand + mancy -
Mathemancy : counting
Inaniloquent : prone to foolish or empty divination) divination by analysis of the
babbling palm of the hand, palmistry. Meconomancy : sleep
Ineloquence : unappealing speech • Necromancy (necro - dead + mancy - Metopomancy : the forehead or face
divination) divination through Micromancy : small objects
Largiloquent : talkative; full of words
communication with the dead.

444
Myomancy : the movements of mice Anthomania : obsession with flowers (SSC CPO PRE 2018)
Narcomancy : sleep Bibliomania : craze for books or reading Musomania : music
Nomancy : examining letters of name (SSC CGL PRE 2016) Mythomania : lying or exaggerating to an
Odontomancy : teeth
Cacodemomania : p a t h o l o g i c a l o n e i s abnormal extent
inhabited by an evil spirit Necromania : sexual obsession with dead
Oenomancy : studying appearance of wine
Catapedamania :obsession with jumping bodies; necrophilia
Oinomancy : wine from high places
Nosomania : delusion of suffering from a
Oneiromancy : dreams Choreomania : dancing disease
Onomancy : a donkey or ass Clinomania : stay in bed (SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
Onomancy : proper names Copromania : feces Nostomania : go back to familiar places
Onychomancy : the fingernails Dacnomania : killing Nymphomania : sexual desire
Onymancy : the fingernails Demonomania : pathological one is Oenomania : wine (SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
Oomancy : eggs possessed by demons Oligomania : a few thoughts or ideas
Ophidiomancy : snakes Dinomania : dancing
Oniomania : making purchases
Ophiomancy : watching snakes Dipsomania : abnormal craving for alcohol
Onomamania : names
(SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
Ornithomancy : observing flight of birds
Opsomania : abnormal love for one kind
Doramania : owning furs
Ossomancy : bones of food
Doromania : giving gifts
Osteomancy : bones Pathomania : moral insanity
Drapetomania : run away from home
Pedomancy : examining the soles of the Phagomania : food or eating
feet Dromomania : compulsive longing for
travel Phaneromania : habit of biting one's nails
Pessomancy : pebbles
Egomania : irrational self-centered Phonomania : pathological tendency to
Phyllomancy : leaves or tea leaves murder
attitude or self-worship
Physiognomancy Photomania : light
Enosimania : pathological belief that one
: studying the face
has sinned Phyllomania : production of leaves
Pyromancy : fire
Entheomania : abnormal one is divinely Phytomania : collecting plants
Scatomancy : studying excrement inspired
Plutomania : money
Sciomancy : ghosts Epomania : writing epics
Polemomania : war
Selenomancy : studying the moon Ergomania : work; workaholism
Spatilomancy : feces (SSC CGL PRE 2017) Polymania : mania affecting several
different mental faculties
Spodomancy : ashes Florimania : flowers
Poriomania : abnormal compulsion to
Theomancy : oracles Francomania : france and the french
wander
Thumomancy : one's own soul Gallomania : france and the french
Potomania : drink alcohol
Topomancy : landforms Graphomania : writing
Pseudomania : irrational predilection for
Xenomancy : strangers Hagiomania : sainthood
lying
Xylomancy : examining wood found in Hieromania : pathological religious
Pyromania : starting fires
one's path visions or delusions
(SSC CPO PRE 2018)
Zoomancy : observing animals Hippomania : horses
Sebastomania : religious insanity
9. Mania - Excessive desire, or Hydromania : irrational craving for water
Sitiomania : morbid aversion to food
obsessions) Iconomania : icons or portraits
Sophomania : delusion that one is
Mania is a greek root, meaning - excessive Idolomania : obsession or devotion to incredibly intelligent
desire or mental aberration. idols
Technomania : technology
Examples : Infomania : accumulating facts
Theomania : one is a god
• Dipsomania (dispo - thirst + mania) - an Kleptomania : stealing (SSC MTS 2020)
irresistible craving for alcoholic liquors. Tomomania : irrational predilection for
Lypemania : extreme pathological
• Kelptomania (klepto - to steal + mania) - an performing surgery
mournfulness
irresistible impulse to steal, not attributed to Toxicomania : poisons
Macromania : delusion that objects are
economic necessity. Uranomania : idea of divinity
larger than natural size
• Mythomania (myth - lie, exaggerate + mania) Verbomania : words
Megalomania : grand or grandiose behavior
- an abnormal compulsion to lie or
(SSC CPO PRE 2016) Xenomania : foreign things
exaggerate.
Melomania : music Zoomania : animals
• Pyromania (pyro - fire + mania) - an
irresistible impulse to start fires. Methomania : morbid craving for alcohol
Word : excessive of / desire for Micromania : pathological self-
Ablutomania : washing oneself deprecation or one is very
small
Agromania : be in open spaces
Monomania : a single thought or idea
Anglomania : england and the english

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 445
 10. Phagy, Vorous - feeding and Pagophagia : trays of ice to help offset iron Panivorous : bread
deficiency Phytivorous : plants
Eating
These words generally end in phagous from the Pantophagy : everything Piscivorous : fish (SSC CPO 2017)
greek phagein, or vorous, from latin vorare, both Phyllophagous : leaf Radicivorous : roots
meaning ”to eat”. Phytophagous : vegetable matter Ranivorous : frogs
Examples : Poephagous : grass or herbs; herbivorous Sanguivorous : blood
• Carpophagous (carpo - fruit + phag - to eat + Poltophagy : chewing of food
ous adjective Suffix) - feeding on fruit. Same Seminivorous : seed
as frugiphagy. Polyphagous : many types of food Stercovorous : dung or excrement
• Myrmecophagous (myrmeco - ant + phag - Psomophagy : swallowing food without Univorous : only one host or source of
to eat + ous - Adjective suffix) - feeding on thorough chewing food
ants. Rhizophagous : root Vegetivorous : vegetables
• Sarcophagous (sarco - flesh + phag - to eat + Saprophagous : decaying material Vermivorous : worms
ous - adjective suffix) - feeding on flesh. Sarcophagous : flesh; carnivorous
Same as carnivorous. 11. Philo, Phile - Love and Attraction
Saurophagous : lizards These words contain the root 'phil' from the
• Carnivorous (carni - flesh + vor - to eat + ous
Scatophagous : dung greek ”phileein - to love” .
adjective Suffix) - feeding on flesh.
Theophagy : sacramental consumption of So the root philia or phile means love, attracted
• Graminivorous (gramini - grass + vor - to eat + to, affinity for, a natural liking.
ous - Adjective suffix) - feeding on grasses. a god
Toxiphagous : poison
Examples :
Word : feeding on
Xerophagy : dry food
• Ailurophile (ailuro - cat + phile - love) - a lover
Allotriophagy : craving for strange foods of cats.
Androphagy : cannibalism Xylophagous : wood
• Coprophilous (copro - dung + phil - a natural
Anthropophagous : humans Zoophagy : animals liking + ous - adjective suffix) - growing or
Aphagia : inability to eat or swallow Apivorous : bees liking in dung, as certain fungi.
Autocoprophagy : one's own feces Arachnivorous : spiders • Logophile (logo - word + phile - love) - a lover
Autophagy : body's own tissues Baccivorous : berries of words.

Bibliophagist : one who devours books Batrachivorous : frog

• Oenophile (oeno - wine + phile - love) - a lover
or connoisseur of wine
Carpophagous : fruit Carnivorous : flesh (SSC CPO PRE 2017)
• Toxophilla (toxo - bow + philla - love) - a
Chthonophagia: dirt Cepivorous : onion lover or expect in archery.
Coprophagous : feces Comburivorous : consuming by fire Word : love of / for
Dysphagia : pathological difficulty in Equivorous : horseflesh Aerophilately : collecting of air-mail stamps
swallowing Formivorous : ants Ailurophilia : cats
Entomophagous : insects Fructivorous : fruit Anemophilous : pollinated by wind
Foliophagous : leaves; eating folios of books Frugivorous : fruit Anglophilia : england or the english
Geophagy : soil; dirt-eating Fucivorous : seaweed Anthophilous : flowers
Glossophagine : using the tongue Graminivorous : grass or cereals Apodysophilia : feverish desire to undress
Hippophagy : horses Granivorous : seeds Arctophily : teddy bears
Hylophagous : wood Gumnivorous : tree saps Belonephilia : sexual obsession with sharp
Hyperphagia : too much Herbivorous : only plant matter objects
Ichthyophagous : fish (SSC CHSL PRE 2022) Bibliophily : books or reading
Lithophagous : rock Homnivorous : humans Canophilia : dogs
Lotophagous : lotuses Insectivorous : insects (SSC CGL MAINS 2017)
Mallophagous : wool or fleece Larvivorous : larvae Cartophily : collecting cigarette cards
Meconophagist : opium or heroin Lignivorous : wood Chrysophilist : gold-lover
Meliphagous : honey Limivorous : mud (SSC CGL MAINS 2017) Clinophilia : passion for beds
Microphagous : small creatures or plants Mellivorous : honey Coprophilia : feces
Monophagous : only one type of food Merdivorous : dung Cynophilist : dogs
Mycophagous : fungus Mucivorous : plant juices Dendrophilous : fond of trees
Myrmecophagous : ants Nectarivorous : nectar Entomophilous : adapted for pollination by
Necrophagous : the dead Ucivorous : nut insects

Omophagy : raw flesh as a ritual Omnivorous : anything (SSC CHSL 2021) Ergophile : work
observance Oryzivorous : rice Halophilous : tolerant of salt or salt-water
Onychophagist : nail
Ossivorous : bones Heliophilous : attracted to the sunlight
Ophiophagous : snakes
Ovivorous : eggs
(SSC CGL MAINS 2017

Paedophage : children Hippophile : horses

Ovivorous : sheep

446
Homophile : one who prefers the Xerophily : very dry conditions Astraphobia : lightning
company of the same sex; a Xylophilous : fond of wood; living in or on Astrophobia : stars and celestial space
homosexual wood Atelophobia : imperfection
Hydrophilous : loving or preferring water Zoophilia : animals; bestiality Autophobia : solitude
Limnophilous : living in ponds or marshes
12. Phobia - fear Aviophobia : flying
Lithophilous : living among stones These words end in - phobia, from the greek for
Barophobia : gravity
Logophile : words fear or hatred. Phobia is a nouns suffix.
A phobia is an excessive, unreasonable or Bathophobia : depths
Lygophilia : darkness
irrational fear of an object, place or situation. Belonephobia : pins and needles
Myrmecophilous : h a v i n g a s y m b i o t i c
relationship with ants Examples : Bibliophobia : books

Necrophilia : love or sexual attraction for • Agoraphobia (agora - market place + phobia - Brontophobia : thunder
corpses fear) - Abnormal fear of being on open or Cacophobia : ugliness
public places.
Negrophile : one who is sympathetic Carcinophobia : cancer
towards black people • Claustrophobia (claustro - to close + phobia) -
abnormal fear of closed or narrow places. Carnophobia : meat
Nemophilist : one who loves the woods
• Cynophobia (cyno - dog + phobia) -abnormal Chirophobia : hands
Neophile : one who loves novelty and
fear of dogs. Chorophobia : dancing
trends
• Nostophobia (nosto - return home + phobia) - Chrematophobia : wealth
Notaphily : collecting of bank-notes and
abnormal fear of returning home. Chrometophobia : money
cheques
• Ochlophobia (ochlo - crowd + phobia) - Chronophobia : time
Oenophile : wine
abnormal fear of crowds Claustrophobia : confined or enclosed spaces
Ombrophilous : tolerant of large amounts of
• Ophidiophobia (ophi - snake + phobia) - (SSC MTS 2020)
rainfall
abnormal fear of snakes. Cynophobia : dogs or rabies
Ophiophilist : snakes
• Xenophobia (xeno - foreign + phobia) - (SSC CGL PRE 2017)
Ornithophilous : pollinated by birds abnormal fear of foreigners or strangers. Dendrophobia : trees
Paedophilia : love or sexual attraction for • Nyctophobia (nycto - night + phobia) - Dermatophobia : skin
children abnormal fear of darkness or night.
Dextrophobia : objects at the right side of the
Palaeophile : antiquarian • Tocophobia (toco - birth + phobia) - abnormal
body
Petrophilous : living on rocky areas fear of childbirth
Didaskaleinophobia
Philalethist : truth • Gamophobia (gamo - marriage + phobia) -
: going to school
abnormal fear of marriage.
Philately : study of postage stamps Doraphobia : fur
(SSC MTS 2021) Word : fear of
Ecophobia : home
Philhippic : loving or admiring horses Ablutophobia : washing, bathing or cleaning
Eleutherophobia : freedom
Philocaly : love of beauty Acarophobia : itching or of the insects that
Entomophobia : insects
cause itching
Philodemic : fond of commoners or the Epistemophobia : knowledge
lower classes Achluophobia : darkness
Ergophobia : work
Philogyny : women Acrophobia : heights or high places;
altophobia (SSC CHSL PRE 2022) Gamophobia : marriage
Philomath : learning
Aerophobia : air and draughts Gerontophobia : old people
Philonoist : one who seeks knowledge
(SSC TA 2009, A & A 2013) Glossophobia : talking
Philoxenia : hospitality
Agoraphobia : open places Graphophobia : writing
Retrophilia : things of the past
Ailurophobia : cats Gynephobia : women
Rheophile : living in running water
Algophobia : pain (SSC CGL MAINS 2017) Haematophobia: blood
Rhizophilous : growing on or near roots
Alophobia : speech Hagiophobia : saints or of holy things
Sarcophilous : flesh
Amathophobia : dust Halophobia : speaking or inability (of
Sinophile : one who admired china or plants) to grow in salt-rich
Ambulophobia : walking
the chinese soil
Anablephobia : looking up at high places
Theophile : one who loves or is loved by Hedonophobia : feeling pleasure
god Androphobia : men
Heliophobia : the sun or sunlight
Thermophilous : preferring or thriving in Anglophobia : england, english culture, or
english people Hellenophobia : greek or latin terms
high temperatures
Timbrophily : stamps; stamp-collecting Anthophobia : flowers Herpetophobia : reptiles
Topophilia : love for a particular place Anthropophobia : people Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia
Toxophily : archery; archery; study of Antlophobia : floods : the number 666
archery Anuptaphobia : staying single Hierophobia : priests, hagiophobia
Turophile : cheese Apiphobia : bees Hippophobia : horses
Typhlophile : one who is kind to the blind Arachnophobia : spiders Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia
Xenophilia : foreigners : extremely long words
Arithmophobia : numbers

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 447
Hobophobia : beggars Phagophobia : eating Zelophobia : jealousy
Hodophobia : travel Phasmophobia : ghosts Zeusophobia : god or gods
Hydrophobia : water; aquaphobia Philemaphobia : kissing Zoophobia : animals
(SSC MTS 2019) Philophobia : falling in love 13. Sophy - words of wisdom
Hygrophobia : liquids, dampness or Phobologophobia : words The etymological derivation of these words is
moisture Phobophobia : phobias from the greek, sophia, meaning - wisdom.
Hypnophobia : sleep They refer to a group of systems of knowledge,
Phonophobia : noises, voices, one's own
Hypophobia : absence of fear esoteric doctrines and philosophical practices.
voice, or of telephones
Ichthyophobia : fish Photophobia : light
Examples :
Phronemophobia : thinking • Hhypnosophy (hypno - sleep + sophy -
Iconophobia : images
knowledge) - Knowledge of phenomena
Ideophobia : ideas Phyllophobia : leaves relating to sleep.
Judaeophobia : fear or hatred of jews Plutophobia : wealth • Morosophy (moro - moron, fool + sophy
Kenophobia : voids or empty spaces Pogonophobia : beards wisdom) foolish pretence of wisdom
Kinesophobia : movement Potophobia : alcohol • Pansophy (pan - all + sophy - wisdom) -
Kleptophobia : thieves Pteromerhanophobia universal wisdom or knowledge.

Lachanophobia : vegetables : flying • Philosophy (plilo - love + sophy - wisdom)

Pyrophobia : fire science of knowledge or wisdom.
Leukophobia : the colour white
Rhinophobia : noses • Pyrosophy (pyro - fire + sophy - knowledge) -
Levophobia : leftness and things to the left
knowledge of the properties of fire.
side of the body Sciophobia : shadows
Word : knowledge of
Limnophobia : lakes Scolionophobia : school
Anthroposophy : the nature of humanity;
Logophobia : words Selenophobia : the moon
human wisdom
Lunaphobia : the moon Sinophobia : china Chirosophy : palm-reading
Lunaediesophobia : mondays Sitophobia : food Cosmosophy : the cosmos
Maniaphobia : insanity Sophophobia : learning Deipnosophy : learned dinner conversation
Melanophobia : the colour black Stenophobia : narrow things or places Demonosopher : one who is inspired by a
Methyphobia : alcohol Swinophobia : pigs demon or devil
Misophobia : contamination Syngenesophobia : relatives Gastrosopher : a person skilled in matters of
Mnemophobia : memories Tachophobia : speed eating
Musophobia : mice Taurophobia : bulls Helicosophy : geometry that deals with
Myrmecophobia : ants spirals
Technophobia : technology
Hypnosophy : phenomena relating to sleep
Mythophobia : myths, stories, or of false Testophobia : taking tests
statements (SSC CHSL 2014) Misosophy : hatred of knowledge or
Thalassophobia : sea
Necrophobia : death or of dead things wisdom
Thanatophobia : death
Morosophy : foolish pretence of wisdom
Negrophobia : black people
Theophobia : god
Mysteriosophy : system of knowledge
Nephophobia : clouds
Tomophobia : surgery concerning secrets and
Noctiphobia : the night
Topophobia : a specific place mysteries
Nosophobia : diseases Palaeosophy : ancient learning or thought
Toxiphobia : poison
Nostophobia : returning home Traumatophobia : injury or war Pansophy : universal knowledge
Ochlophobia : crowds Trichophobia : hair Pantosophy : universal knowledge;
Oenophobia : wines Triskaidekaphobia : the number 13 pansophy
Olfactophobia : odours Tropophobia : changes Phytosophy : knowledge of plants
Oneirophobia : dreams Tryapanophobia : injections Pseudosophy : pretension to wisdom
Onomatophobia : a specific word or name Uranophobia : heaven Sciosophy : system of knowledge
Ophidiophobia : snakes (SSC CPO 2017) without basis in science
Urophobia : urine or urinating
Ornithophobia : birds Theosophy : immediate divine
Venustaphobia : beautiful women
illumination or wisdom
Orthophobia : propriety Verbaphobia : synonym of logophobia
Zoosophy : concerning animals
Panthophobia : suffering or disease Verbophobia : synonym of logophobia
Pantophobia : everything Xanthophobia : the colour yellow
Papaphobia : the pope or the papacy Xenophobia : strangers or foreigners
Papyrophobia : paper (SSC CHSL 2021)
Paraskavedekatriaphobia Xerophobia : dryness and dry places
: friday the 13th Xylophobia : wooden objects or of forests
Pedophobia : children Xyrophobia : razors
Peniaphobia : poverty

448
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 449
450
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 451
452
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 453
 Spellings : Concepts, Tips, Tricks & Techniques
v Root words, correct spelling fy[kus esa Hkh cgqr helpful gSaA gS vr% bl case esa 'Pter' dk ‘P' silent dj fn;k x;k] rkfd bldk
For example : mPpkj.k vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldsA
v Corrupt (cor - with + rupt - to break) - with broken morals, But helicopter ( gsfydksIVj) esa (helico + pter) pter word ds e/;
willing to act dishonestly. esa vk jgk gS rFkk vklkuh ls pronounce Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS
The first root cor, ends with 'r' and the second root begins vr% helicopter esa P dks pronounce fd;k tkrk gS] silent ugha
with 'r', so the word corrupt must be spelled with two r's. fd;k x;k gSA
Corrupt dk igyk root 'cor' dk vafre v{kj r gS rFkk rupt dk fdlh Hkh letter ds silent gksus dks root word ds argument ls
igyk v{kj Hkh r gS] vr% corrupt dh spelling esa nks r vk;saxsA vklkuh ls le>k tk ldrk gSA blh izdkj
v Irrupt (Ir - into + rupt - to break) - to enter forcefully and v
Tsunami (tsu - harbour + nami - wave) - Large wave in the
suddenly; break into.
sea; tidal wave
Again the first root Ir, ends with 'r' and the second root
tsunami (lqukeh) esa
Hkh t silent gSA
begins with 'r', so the word Irrupt must be spelled with two
r's. v
Pneumonia (Pneumon - Lung + ia - noun) - Serious illness
affecting lungs.
v
Correct (Cor - together + rect - straight) - Accurate or true,
without any mistakes. Pneumonia ( U;wuksfe;k) esa Hkh 'P' silent gSA
Again the first root Cor, ends with 'r' and the second root Some Concepts :
begins with 'r', so the word Correct must be spelled with two
r's. Prefix
vki flxjsV dh spelling fy[ksaA flxjsV word vkius irk ugha Prefix + root word
fdruh ckj lquk gksxk] ns[kk gksxkA gj xyh] uqDdM+ ij flxjsV dh • Concept: 1 When there is a prefix, we do not normally add
nqdku ij flxjsV ¼English spelling½ fy[kh fey tk;sxhA vki or take away more letters. (tc ge fdlh root word esa
vius nksLrksa ls Hkh flxjsV dh spelling fy[kok;saA vki ns[ksaxsa fd prefix add djrs gSa tks normally letters dks tksM+k ;k gVk;k ugha
90% ls vf/kd yksx flxjsV dh lgh spelling ugha fy[k ik;saxsA tkrk gSA½
bruk common word gksus ds ckotwn yksx flxjsV dh spelling Eg.
dks xyr fy[krs gSaA mis + spell = misspell dis + like = dislike
;fn vkidks Root words dk knowledge gS rks vki dHkh Hkh re + pay = repay un + do = undo
xyr spelling ugha fy[ksaxsA dis + obey = disobey dis + satisfied = dissatisfied
vc vki vius nksLr ls flxkj dh spelling fy[kok;s oks flxkj dh over + hear = overhear in + humane = inhumane
Disadvantage, Disappear, Disappoint, Dishonest, Insane,
lgh spelling fy[k nsxkA
International, Misadventure, Misanthrope, Misbehave, Misrule,
Root words ls]
Superhuman, Underpass, Unnatural, Unsure
v Cigarette (Cigar - flxkj + ette - small ) - small cigar.
Prefix All-loses an l
Suffix ette ds nks meaning gksrs gS : Small and female.
• Concept: 2 The prefix "all-" drops its second L when added
v Cassette - a small flat plastic case for playing music to the root word. (tc 'all' prefix fdlh root word esa add fd;k
v Kitchenette - small kitchen tkrk gS tks bldk second 'l' drop dj fn;k tkrk gSA)
v Novelette - small novel all + though = although all + ready = already
v Pipette - small pipe used in a laboratory for measuring all + most = almost all + mighty = almighty
small amounts of liquids all + so = also all + ways = always
v
Statuette - small statue Alright (all right as two words is used in more formal
English)
v
Bachelorette - a female bachelor
Vocabulary Point:
v
Usherette - a female usher, a woman whose job is to lead
people to their seats in a theatre Altogether/ All together: nksuks 'kCn dh pronunciation same gS

v Root words correct pronunciation esa Hkh helpful gSA

ysfdu budk meaning different gSA
For Example : (i) Altogether: Altogether dk eryc gS in total (dqy feykdj)
Eg. There are six bedrooms altogether.
v
Pteridophyta (Pter - wing + ido - with + phyta - plant) - plant
with wings; ferns (ii) All together: All together dk eryc gS lHkh ,d lkFk (all at
once)
v
Helicopter (Helico - circular + pter - wing) - an aircraft with
Eg. It was good to have a group of friends all together.
rotating wings
bu nksuksa examples esa pter dk pronunciation different gSA Prefix - il-, im-, ir-
VsfjMksQk;Vk (Pteridophyta) esa 'P' silent gSA Pteridophyta nks • Concept: 3 We commonly change the prefix in (not)- to il-
roots ls feydj cuk gS & pter - wing rFkk Pyta - plant, vr% , im- or ir- when the first letter of a word is l, m, p, or r. (tc
Pteridophyta dh spelling esa 'P' 'Pter' root dk ,d Hkkx gS but fdlh word dk first letter Øe'k% l, m, p, or r gks rks prefix 'in-'
Pteridophyta esa P dks t ds lkFk Pronounce djuk cgqr difficult Øe'k% il-, im- or ir- esa change gks tkrk gSA)

454
in becomes il- before l commit + ed = committed control + ing = controlling
in + legible = illegible in + logical = illogical propel + er = propeller refer + ed = referred
in+ literate = illiterate begin + ing = beginning control + ed = controlled
in becomes im- before m or p admit + ed = admitted occur + ence = occurrence
in + mature = immature in + moral = immoral permit + ed = permitted occur + ing =occurring
in+ migration = immigration in+ possible = impossible admit + -ing = admitting prefer + -ed = preferred
in+ patient = impatient in+penetrable= impenetrable forget + -ing = forgetting transmit+-ed = transmitted
in becomes ir- before r upset + -ing = upsetting
in + relevant = irrelevant Exception:
in+responsible= irresponsible refer + -ence = reference prefer+-ence= preference
in + replaceable = irreplaceable Note: ;fn ;k stress last syllable ij uk gks rks
accent final
in+ rational = irrational consonant double ugha gksrkA
in+ religious = irreligious refer + ence = reference visit + ing = visiting
in+ resistible = irresistible enter + ed= entered benefit + ed = benefited
Prefix - Fore, For suffer + ing = suffering
• Concept: 4 Fore means “before or in front of.” There are a Note that in each case the vowel before the last consonant
number of words that contain this prefix: is a short vowel and here, last syllable is not stressed.
Eg : Forecast, Forecourt, Forefront, Forerunner, Foreword • Concept: 7 If the word ends in two written
Note : The prefix for often has a negative meaning of consonants/vowels final consonant will not be changed
opposition or rejection. There are only about a dozen ;fn last esa nks vowels ;k nks consonants gksxsa rks final
words in this group: consonant change ugha gksxkA
Eg : Forbid, Forfeit, Forfend, Forger, Forlorn Eg.
Note: With the -e and without -e, we have two words with export + ed = exported insist + ed = insisted
quite different meanings. lift + ed = lifted wish + ed = wished
Eg. Forbear (avoid), Forebear (ancestor), Foregoing (previous), persist + ence = persistence clue + ing = clueing
Forgo (abandon) thrash + ing =thrashing find + ing = finding
Note: A number of other words begin with for or fore but • Concept: 8 If there are two written vowels together in the
the syllable is not a prefix: word final consonant will not be changed
Eg. Force, Ford, Forensic, Forest, Formation, Fortunate Eg :

Suffix beat + en = beaten

dream + er = dreamer
sail + ed = sailed
fool + ish = foolish
One syllable word + Suffix foam + ing = foaming
• Concept: 5 One-syllable words ending in single consonant Meeting, Rained, Repeated, Trainer, Weaken
+ a single vowel + single consonant then double the • Concept:9 The final consonant 'L' is doubled in the words
consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel (-ed, - ending in (single vowel + L) before a suffix beginning with
ing, -er, -est). a vowel even though the last syllable is not stressed
(tc ,d one-syllable word tks single consonant + single Eg.
vowel+ single consonant ij end gksrk gks] ml word esa vowel repel + ent = repellent quarrel + ed = quarrelled
ls 'kq: gksus okyk suffix (-ed, -ing, -er, -est) tksM+k tkrk gS rks travel + er = traveller
final consonant double gks tkrk gSA) signal + ing = signalling (British English)
Equalled, Handicapped, Labelling, Programmed
bat + er = batter thin + -er = thinner
Exception: parallel + ed = paralleled
shop + er/ing = shopper/ shopping blot +ing = blotting
drop + ing = dropping swim + ing = swimming Dropping and Adding letters
wrap+ing=wrapping grin + ed = grinned • Concept: 10 We often drop the final -e when a suffix
plan + ed = planned red + -ish = reddish beginning with a vowel (e.g. -ing, -ed, -able, -ible) is added
sad + est = saddest slim + est = slimmest to a word

Multi-syllable Words (tc fdlh vowel ls

'kq: gksus okyk suffix (e.g. -ing, -ed, -able, -
• Concept: 6 When a suffix that begins with a vowel (-ed, - ible), silent 'e' ij end gksus okys word ls tksM+k tkrk gS rks
ing, -er, -est) is added to a multi-syllable word, the final usually og e gVk fn;k tkrk gS
consonant is doubled if (i) the word ends in a consonant- move + ing = moving write + ing = writing
vowel-consonant pattern, and (ii) the accent or stress is on tire + ing= tiring argue+ ing = arguing
the last syllable. excite + able = excitable note + able = notable
tc vowel ls 'kq: gksus okyk ,d suffix (-ed, -ing, -er, -est) dks Admire+ able = admirable sense + ible = sensible
fdlh multi-syllable word ls tksM+k tkrk gS rks final consonant hate + -ed = hated move + ed = moved
double gks tkrk gS (i) ;fn og word consonant-vowel- close + ed = closed hope + ed = hoped
consonant pattern ij end gks jgk gks] invite + -ation = invitation imagine+ation= imagination
approve + -al = approval drive + er = driver
(ii) ;fn accent ;k stress last syllable ij gksA
large + ish = largish opposite + ion = opposition

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 455
 fame + -ous = famous scarce + ity = scarcity unchanged.
Arguing, Caring, Closing, Coming, Dancing, Enclosing, Eg :
Fascinating, Hating, Hoping, Leaving, Liking, Lived, Living, delay + ing = delaying portray + ed = portrayed
Loving, Making, Receding, Separating, Taking, Waving play + er = player pray + ed= prayed
• Note: We keep the 'e' if the word ends in ce or ge with 'able' enjoy + ed= enjoyed obey + ed = obeyed
and -ge with 'ous': employ+ed = employed
notice + able = noticeable manage + able = manageable Exception:
change + able = changeable Single, syllable word don't change y to i.
courage + ous = courageous outrage + ous = outrageous Wry + ly = wryly shy + ly = shyly
Note: We keep the -e in dyeing (from dye) and singeing Coyly, Dryly, Feyly, Slyly, Spryly
(from singe) to differentiate them from similar words e.g. Note: "Dry" can follow the rule or be an exception: "drily"
dying (from die) and singing (from sing). or "dryly."
Note: Some words have alternative forms with or without
Word +suffix -ly, ally
an -e:
• Concept: 13 Keep the original l when adding ly to a word
Eg., acknowledgement or acknowledgment, and judgement or
ending in l. Adding -ly to the end of words makes them
judgment.
into adverbs. In the vast majority of cases, we simply add ly
Note: serene + -ity (word forming element making
to the root word:
abstract nouns from adjectives)
helpful + ly = helpfully artful + ly = artfully
-ity means condition or quality of being….
grateful + ly = gratefully careful + ly = carefully
Eg. Accessibility, Admissibility, Amiability etc
final + ly = finally royal + ly = royally
Final e Before a suffix beginning with a annual + ly= annually dismal + ly = dismally
Consonant Actually, Beautifully, Cheerfully, Classically, Critically,
Note: Keep final silent e before a suffix (-ment, -less, -ly) Faithfully, Financially, Formally, Gradually, Hopefully, Illegally,
Meaningfully, Mentally, Normally, Powerfully, Really, Suddenly
beginning with a consonant. vxj og suffix fdlh
Note: Words ending in -le often drop the -e.
consonant (-ment, -less, -ly) ls 'kq: gks jgk gks rks usually 'e' dks
whole + ly = wholly
ugha gVk;k tkrk)
Note: We change the end 'e' to 'y' in these -le words
amaze + ment = amazement, atone+ment= atonement,
gentle → gently idle → idly subtle → subtly
engage + ment = engagement
• Concept: 14 Word ending in 'ic' always use 'ally'.
advertise+ment=advertisement
Eg :
excite + ment = excitement use +ful=useful
Academic + ally =academically
hope+ful = hopeful sincere+ly=sincerely
dramatic + ally = dramatically
like+ly=likely live + ly = lively
artistic + ally = artistically
fortunate+ly=fortunately wide + ly = widely
frantic + ally = frantically
definite+ly=definitely complete + ly = completely
mechanic+ ally = mechanically
force + full = forceful home + less = homeless
automatic + ally = automatically
hope + less = hopeless
Organic + ally = organically
Exception:
cynic + ally = cynically
true + ly = truly nine + th = ninth
clinic + ally = clinically
argue + ment = argument awe + ful = awful
due + ly = duly whole + ly = wholly Exception: public  publicly.
simple + ly = simply • Concept: 15 When full, well, and all are used as suffixes or
prefixes. They are always spelled with only one l:
Note: Words ending in 'ee' do not drop an 'e' before a suffix.
Faith + full = faithful Use + full= useful
Eg : see + ing = seeing agree + ment = agreement
Already (adverb, But All Ready When Everyone Is Ready),
Words ending in Y Beautiful, Fulsome, Grateful, Harmful, Successful, Thoughtful,
• Concept: 12 If a word ends in a consonant 'y' preceded by a Welcome, Welfare
consonant, the Y changes to i (unless adding endings with Note : Hyphened words retain the double 'l'
"i" -ing -ish, which already begins with an i) when a suffix Eg.
is added to it.
all-weather, full-length, full-scale, well-bred, well-done, well-
apply + ed = applied friendly + er = friendlier informed, well-known, well-off, well-oragnized, well-paid, well-
noisy + est = noisiest happy + ness = happiness trained,
funny + er = funnier ready + ly = readily Note: If the word to which the suffix “full” is added ends in
Angrier, Beautiful, Bloodily, Carried, Dizzily, Fallacious, “ll”, one “l” is removed from the word also:
Funnily, Happily, Happiness, Nastily, Ordinarily, Prettier, Skill +full = skilful Will + full= wilful
Readily, Woollier Full+fill= fulfill
Exception:
applies, applied but applying
Suffix- ous
• Concept: 16 When the suffix “ous” is added to a word
Marriage, Marrying
ending in “ce” (soft c sound), “e” is changed to “i” and has a
However, if the letter before the -y is a vowel, the -y remains

456
 'sh' sound. crisp (adj) + -y = crispy dress (v) + -y = dressy
Space + ous= spacious Vice + ous= vicious cose (v) + -y = cosy nose (n) + -y = nosy
office + ous = officious Malice + ous = malicious choose (v) + -y = choosy louse (n) + -y = lousy
Avaricious, Capricious, Gracious Suffix 'cy' and 'sy', acy and asy
Note: When the adjective suffix -ous or -ary is added to a • Concept: 18 The suffix cy is used to form nouns from root
word which ends in -our, the 'u' of -our' is dropped: words that end in t, te, nt, and tic:
Eg : Eg :
Glamour + ous = glamorous Honour + ary = honorary urgent + cy = urgency truant + cy = truancy
Humour + ous = humorous frequent + cy = frequency democrat + cy = democracy
Note: When 'ous' is added to a root word which ends in lunatic + cy = lunacy accurate + cy = accuracy
silent 'e' then in most cases 'e' is dropped:
pregnant + cy = pregnancy idiot + cy = idiocy
Eg :
private + cy = privacy
Nerve + ous = nervous ridicule + ous = ridiculous
Note: No commonly used verbs end in 'cy'.These words
fame + ous = famous virtue + ous = virtuous will be mostly nouns, but there are a few adjectives which
Adventurous, Blasphemous, Desirous, Torturous come from roots that end in c or ce: icy, juicy, spicy,
Note: When 'ous' is added to a root word which ends in a bouncy, lacy, saucy, fleecy etc.
soft g followed by a silent e, then the e is retained to protect • Concept: 19 The 'sy' ending is also used to create nouns or
the g but it is still silent adjectives. The adjectives in this group tend to be
Eg : informal or diminutive:
Advantage + ous = advantageous Eg :
rampage + ous = rampageous Bossy, Cutesy, Folksy, Tipsy
Courageous, Outrageous, Umbrageous Some medical terms that ends in 'epsy', 'opsy' etc.
Note: When 'ous' is added to a root which ends in y, we Eg :
change the y to i and the new word will have the long e Autopsy, Biopsy, Catalepsy, Epilepsy, Leprosy, Narcolepsy
sound: Some words, both nouns and adjectives that end in sy or cy
Eg : where these endings are not suffix: mercy, fancy, busy,
Envy + ous = envious vary + ous = various daisy, policy, discrepancy, clumsy, queasy
harmony + ous = harmonious Fury + ous = furious Note: Certain nouns ends in "-acy" or "-asy." But only four
Luxurious, Mysterious, Sanctimonious in English end in "-asy":
Note: If the root ends in c, t, or x, then the suffix will be ious Apostasy, Ecstasy, Fantasy, Idiosyncrasy
and it will have a sh sound.
Suffix (-ion meaning state, condition, or action)
Eg :
Ambitious, Anxious, Cautious, Conscious, Delicious, Obnoxious -tion, -ation, -sion, -cian, -ssion, -shion, -cion, -
Note: If the root ends in u, the u is retained and is always cean
pronounced clearly: • Concept: 20 By far the majority of words in this category
Eg : will use the -tion ending, root word ending in t or te
Arduous, Conspicuous, Fatuous, Impetuous, Voluptuous generally take -tion:
Note: In the largest group of ious words, the i is always Eg : Fraction, Invention, Reflection
pronounced clearly and with the long e sound: • Concept: 21 If the root word ends in -ate, remove ate and
Eg : add -ation; If root word ends in -y, change y into ic and add
Bilious, Curious, Hilarious, Serious, Vicarious -ation:
Note: If the root ends in an f, it will change to a v. There are Eg :
only two commonly used words in this group: Vacate + ation = vacation magnify + ation = magfication
Eg : Assimilation, Imitation, Vibration
Grief = grievous mischief = mischievous • Concept: 22 If the root word ends in -re, -ve, or -se, then
Note: English words that have the eous ending, even remove -e and add -ation:
though the e is not protecting a soft g and is clearly Eg :
pronounced. Logically, most of these words should use an prepare + ation = preparation
i. But they do not: sense + ation = sensation
Eg : converse + ation = conversation
Bounteous, Erroneous, Extraneous, Gaseous, Hideous, respire + ation = respiration
Instantaneous, Miscellaneous, Nauseous, Righteous, Spontaneous
Suffix -sion
• Concept: 17 When the suffix “ing” is added to a word
• Concept: 23 The suffix -sion is a variation of tion and is
ending in “ie”, “ie” is changed to “y”.
usually used after roots ending in d or de, s with a silent e,
Lie + ing= lying Die + ing = dying Tie + ing= tying
and sometimes t: (d/de/t/se is dropped and -sion is added)
• Note: Adjective suffix '-y' meaning 'full of or
Eg :
characterized by', is added to a noun/adjective/verb to
pretend + sion = pretension convert + sion = conversion
make adjectives:
convulse + sion = convulsion profuse + sion = profusion
Eg :
avert + sion = aversion revise + sion = revision

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 457
 immerse + sion = immersion ending in a soft 'c' or soft 'g' sound will use 'ible':
comprehend + sion = comprehension Eg.
Exception: Accessible, Collapsible, Collectible, Combustible, Constructible,
Attend = attention Intend = intention Contemptible, Convertible, Corruptible, Exhaustible, Forcible,
Compose = composition Expose = exposition Illegible, Irascible, Reversible, Sensible, Tangible
Impose = imposition Note: Root words ending in a soft 'c' or 'g' sound must
• Concept: 24 Words ending in double s will be spelled - retain silent 'e' with 'able'.
ssion : Eg.
Confess = confession Access = accession Bridgeable, Changeable, Decreeable, Fireable, Impermeable,
Profess = profession Possess = possession Manageable, Noticeable, Peaceable, Permeable, Tapeable
Express = expression Note: If the root word ends in 'i' or 'y' which will change to
• Concept: 25 Words ending in 'mit' will also use -ssion: 'i'. Suffix can't be 'ible' then double 'ii' gks tk,xkA so we must
remit = remission permit = permission use 'able'.
admit = admission commit = commission Eg. Certifiable, Enviable, Reliable, Variable
• Concept: 26 Words ending in 'cede' and 'ceed' also use the • Concept: 32 Root words ending in a hard 'c' or 'g' sound
-ssion: must be followed by 'able' to preserve sound to consonant:
Secede = secession Proceed = procession Eg. Despicable, Implacable, Indefatigable, Navigable
Accede = accession Concede = concession • Concept: 33 Word ending in 'x' take able:
• Concept: 27 The 'cian' ending is almost always used to Eg. Fixable, Mixable, Relaxable, Taxable
indicate a trade, skill, or a profession: Exceptions: flexible
Optician, Mortician, Musician, Beautician, Physician, Magician Note: root word ending that can accept -ate or -ation must
Note: very few words with other endings: use 'able'
Coercion, Cushion, Fashion, Ocean, Suspicion Eg.
Demonstrable, Demonstrate, Demonstration, Impregnable,
'al' (meaning 'of, like, related to, pertaining to)
Impregnate, Impregnation, Tax, Taxable, Taxation, Tolerable,
tial, sial, cial, Tolerate, Toleration
• Concept: 28 all words coming from a root word that ends
Suffix j, -ge, -dge
in 't' takes 'tial'.
About seventy-five percent of the time, when we hear the
Eg :
j sound it is actually spelled with g or dge. 'j' is never used at
torrent = torrential different = differential
the end of English words:
Penitential, Presidential, Tangential
• Concept: 34 We use ge when a j sound is needed at the end
• Concept: 29 Root word ends in 'ence' or 'ance' will use
of a word if the word has a long vowel sound or if there is a
'tial'.
consonant following the vowel:
Eg.
Eg. Bulge, Cage, Huge, Loge, Merger, Range
Circumstantial, Confidential, Essential, Insubstantial,
• Concept: 35 We use -dge if the word is a short vowel word
Preferential, Residential, Sequential, Substantial
and there is no consonant following the vowel. There are
• Concept: 30 Words that come from a root word that ends
many of these words.
in a soft 'c' or an 'x'. Will use the 'cial' ending/suffix:
Eg. Badge, Dodge, Grudge, Judge, Lodge, Ridge
Eg.
Note: They are usually single-syllable words, but there
Commerce = commercial office = official
are also a few multi-syllable words.
province = provincial Crux = crucial
Eg.
Facial, Racial, Special
Abridgment, Acknowledgment, Judgement, Knowledge,
Exception: Axial, Equinoctial, Palatial
Lodgment,
Note: Only '2' words commonly used in English with
highly logical 'sial' Suffix less and ness
Ambrosial and Controversial • Concept: 36 The suffix less is added to a word without any
changes. If the root has a silent e it will be retained. If the
Suffix- able and ible root ends in l, it is retained. Change the y to i:
• Concept: 31 'able' is added to the whole root word:
Eg.
Eg.
Sense + less = senseless Use + less = useless
Avoidable, Acceptable, Available, Breakable, Comfortable,
Worth + less= worthless soul + less = soulless
Countable, Drinkable, Eatable, Explorable, Fashionable Fixable,
Mercy + less = Merciless Penny + less = penniless
Memorable, Punishable, Respectable, Reachable, Reasonable
Childless, Endless, Penniless, Pitiless, Rootless, Tailless, Tireless,
Relatable, Removable, Washable
Useless
Note: If root doesn't appear to be a complete word it will
• Concept: 37 The suffix ness is added to a word without any
probably take ible
changes. If the root has a silent e, it is retained. If the root
Eg.
ends in an n, it is retained. Change the y to i:
Audible, Credible, Edible, Fallible, Horrible, Indelible, Legible
Eg :
Negligible, Ostensible
Same + ness= sameness open + ness = openness
Note: Root words ending in 's' or 't' use 'ible' also words,
Dark + ness = Darkness heavy + ness = Heaviness

458
 Haughty + ness = haughtiness hearty + ness = heartiness
Blandness, Blueness, Goodness, Kindliness, Kindness, Openness,
Politeness, Suddenness, Thinness, Unattractiveness, Witness
Note: These two suffixes do not drop the extra consonant.
The double s is retained, even when both suffixes are used
with the same root word:
Eg. Heartlessness, Soullessness, Worthlessness
Suffix -ant and -ent
• Concept: 38 when a word ends in a hard 'c' or 'g' sound, the
suffix -ant will be added:
Eg. Applicant, Arrogant, Communicant, Elegant, Fumigant,
Intoxicant, Litigant, Lubricant
• Concept: 39 when a word ends in a soft 'c' or 'g' sound, the
suffix -ent will be added:
Eg. Adolescent, Innocent, Intelligent, Magnificent, Pungent,
Resurgent, Reticent, Urgent
• Concept: 40 Generally, the suffix -ent indicates 'quality'
or a 'characteristic'. The word will probably be an
adjective:
Eg. Absent, Complacent, Efficient, Excellent, Impotent,
Intelligent, Negligent, Obsolescent
• Concept: 41 Generally, the suffix -ant indicates a person
or thing that does something. The word will probably be a
noun:
Eg. Assistant, Confidant, Contestant, Defendant, Deodorant,
Fumigant, Lubricant, Occupant, Pretendant
Note: A great number of words that end in ent or ant do not
fit into either category, however, because the ending does
not form a suffix:
Eg. Cement, Currant, Infant, Innocent, Plant, Present, Rampant,
Relent
Suffix -ance and -ence (meaning: quality,
action, state or process)
• Concept: 42 When the base word is a verb that ends in -
ure, -y or -ear, use -ance. If the verb ends in -ure, remove the
e and if the verb ends in -y, change the -y to -i before
adding -ance.
Eg. Ally (v) + ance = alliance (n)
Endure (v) + ance = endurance(n)
Appear (v) + ance = Appearance (n)
Clear (v) + ance = Clearance (n)
Appliance, Assurance (n), Compliance, Insurance (n), Luxuriance
(n), Variance
• Concept: 43 If the main part of the word (i.e. the bit before
the ending) ends in a 'hard' c (pronounced like the c in cab)
or a 'hard' g (pronounced like the g in game), then the
ending will be spelled -ance:
Eg. Acceptance, Elegance, Guidance
• Concept: 44 When the base word is an adjective that ends
in-ant, -ate you should remove these three letters and add
-ance/-ancy.
Eg :
Tolerate (v) + ance = tolerance(n)
Significant (adj) + ance = Significance (n)
Abundant (adj) + ance = abundance (n)
Important (adj) + ance = importance (n)
Arrogance(n), Brilliance (n), Elegance (n), Fragrance (n)
• Concept: 45 when the base word is a verb that ends in -ere,
remove the final 'e' and add -ence:
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am
Eg :
Revere (v) + ence = reverence (n)
cohere (v) + ence = coherence (v)
adhere (v) + ence = adherence (n)
Interfere (v) + ence = interference (n)
• Concept: 46 When the base word is an adjective that ends
in -ent you should remove these three letters and add -
ence/-ency.
Eg.
Silent (adj) + ence = silence (n)
Absent (adj) + ence = absence (n)
Convenient (adj) + ence = convenience (n)
Present (adj) + ence = presence (n)
Affluence (n), Coherence (n), Confidence (n), Consequence (n),
Evidence (n), Innocence (n), Patience (n), Recurrence (n)
• Concept: 47 If the main part of the word ends in a soft c
(pronounced like the c in cell) or a soft g (pronounced like
the g in gin), then the ending will be -ence:
Eg. Adolescence or Emergence
Exception: Vengeance
Suffix ceed, cede, (to go , to enter, to approach,
to yield) seed, sede (from seder meaning to sit) ,
ede, eed
• Concept: 48 -seed is only used for seed, and its compounds
and derivatives:
Eg. Apple Seed, Poppy Seed, Reseed, Seed, Seeding, Seedling
Note: “Supersede” is the only commonly used word in the
English language to use sede
• Concept: 49 Almost all the other words use 'cede' or 'ceed':
Eg. Accede, Antecede, Concede, Exceed, Intercede, Precede,
Proceed, Recede, Secede, Succeed
Suffix -ure (meaning: effect, operation,
practice)
• Concept: 50 The letter string 'ure' often has an 's' or a 't'
before it.
Eg. Creature, Enclosure, Exposure, Furniture, Measure, Nature,
Picture, Pleasure, Scripture, Torture, Treasure
Choosing Between ie and ei
• Concept: 51 I before E except after C rule: -i is always
placed before -e unless the letter -c precedes them both.
Eg : Achieve, Afield, Alien, Ambient, Apiece, Barbie, Belief,
Believe, Bonhomie, Bookie, Brazier, Brief, Brownie, Calorie,
Carrier, Chief, Colone, Diesel, Field, Grief, Hygiene, Niece,
Relieve, Thief
Note: They have long 'e' sound except:
sieve, handkerchief, lieu, quotient, friend, mischief, view,
patient
Except after C
Eg : Ceiling, Conceit, Conceive, Deceit, Deceive, Inconceivable,
Misconceive, Perceive, Receipt, Receive
Note: When sounded as 'a/ay', the letter -e precedes the
letter -i
Eg : Beige, Eight, Eighteen, Eighty, Feign, Feint, Freight, Heifer,
Heinous, Inveigh, Lei, Neigh, Neighbour, Obeisance, Peignoir,
Reign, Rein, Reindeer, Skein, Sleigh, Surveillance, Veil, Vein,
Weigh
Note: even when the letter -c precedes the letters -i and -e,
if it makes 'sh' sound, -i will precede -e:
Director : Neon Classes 459
 Eg : Ancient, Conscience, Conscientious, Deficient, Efficient, and is almost always followed by n:
Glacier, Proficient, Species, Sufficient Eg : Knack, Knee, Knife, Knight, Knit, Knock, Knot, Know,
Note: in comparatives and superlatives, the letter -i Knowledge, Knuckle
precedes the letter -e The silent p is quite versatile. It can appear at the end, in
Eg : Earlier, Fancier, Woollier etc the middle, or at the beginning of a word. The majority
Note: When the vowels are sounded as 'e' or 'I', the letter -e (but not all) of these words are of Greek origin:
precedes -i: Eg : Coup, Cupboard, Pneumatic, Pneumonia, Psalm,
Eg : Apartheid, Caffeine, Codeine, Edelweiss, Fahrenheit, Feisty, Pseudonym, Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychosis, Psychotherapy,
Height, Kaleidoscope, Protein, Seismic, Seize, Sleight, Stein Ptarmigan, Ptomaine, Raspberry, Receipt
Exception: Die, Fie, Hie, Hierarchy, Hieroglyphics, Lie, Tie, Vie The silent w most often appears at the beginning of a
word and is usually followed by r, though there are
Suffix le, el, al, il, ol, ul, yl
exceptions:
• Concept: 52 If the root ends in a soft c or a soft g, it cannot
Eg : Answer, Awry, Playwright, Two, Wrap, Wrench, Wriggle,
be followed by le or al, it must therefore use el:
Wrist, Write, Wrong, Wry
Eg. Angel, Cancel, Cudgel, Excel, Parcel
The silent b is usually found at the end or near the end of a
• Concept: 53 If the ending follows a hard c or a hard g, it
word. In most cases. it follows the letter m:
cannot be el and must therefore be either le or al:
Eg : Climb, Comb, Debt, Doubt, Dumb, Lamb, Limb, Plumb,
Eg. Angle, Chemical, Frugal, Jingle, Magical, Miracle, Musical,
Subtle, Thumb, Tomb, Womb
Prodigal, Regal, Struggle, Vehicle
The silent l usually appears in the middle of a word and is
• Concept: 54 The double f is used after a short vowel
followed by a consonant. It is most often preceded by the
sound. These words are usually single syllable words. In
letter a:
multi-syllable words, the double f is always preceded by a
Eg : Alms, Calf, Calm, Chalk, Folk, Half, Psalm, Salmon, Talk,
short vowel sound:
Walk, Yolk
Eg. Cliff, Coffee, Different, Effigy, Gaff, Muffler, Offering, Scoff,
The silent n is almost always found at the end of a word
Sniff, Staff, Stiff, Traffic
and usually follows the letter m:
• Concept: 55 There are two other ways to produce the f
Eg : Autumn, Column, Condemn, Damn, Hymn, Solemn
sound. We can use gh or ph. The gh digraph is the least
If we exclude all the words that use tch, we can see that the
common of the f sounds, but, unfortunately, it is attached
silent t is usually preceded by the letter s:
to some very popular words:
Eg : Castle, Christen, Listen, Mortgage, Often, Rustle, Thistle,
Eg. Cough, Draught, Enough, Laugh, Rough, Slough, Tough,
Whistle, Wrestle
Trough
There is a tiny group of words that contain a silent s:
• Concept: 56 Making the f sound with ph is quite another
matter. Almost all commonly used words, from photo Eg : Aisle, Island, Isle, Viscount
and phone to phobia and graph, plus countless scientific
terms, are of Greek origin and are now deeply imbedded
in our language:
Eg. Nymph, Phantom, Pharmacy, Phenomenon, Phoenix,
Phonetic, Phosphorous, Photograph, Telephone, Triumph
Miscalleneous :
• Concept: 57 Q is always followed by U and a vowel
Aquatic, Critique, Dequorum, Masquera, Mystique, Plaque,
Quack, Quant, Quarry, Querulous, Query, Quest, Question,
Queue
Exceptions: Sheqel, Iraq, Qinghai etc
• Concept: 58 Only two words begin with 'kw' both are
borrowed words:
Eg. Kwanza, Kwashiorkor
Silent consonants: h, g, k, p, w, b, l, n, t, c, d, s, m, r, ch
The most common of the silent letters is 'h', can appear at
the beginning, in the middle, or at the end. It is usually
followed by a vowel:
Eg : Architect, Chaos, Chorus, Diarrhea, Dinghy, Echo, Exhaust,
Exhibit, Ghost, Heir, High, Honest, Honor, Light, Myrrh,
Psychology, Pyrrhic, Resign, Rheumatic, Rhythm, Technology,
Thyme, Weight, Wharf
The silent g is almost always followed by an m or an n:
Eg : Align, Assign, Benign, Campaign, Design, Diaphragm,
Foreign, Gnarled, Gnat, Gnaw, Impugn, Phlegm, Poignant,
Reign, Sign, Sovereign,
The silent k usually appears at the beginning of a word

460
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 461
462
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 463
464
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 465
466
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 467
468
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 469
470
Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 471
 1. Test Your Present Vocabulary

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XV

 a=Antonym, r=Red herring, = Definition (Synonym)

Test score : 95-100 (Superior), 81-94 (Excellent), 71-80 (Good), 61-70 (Above average), 33-60 (Average), 0-32 (Below average)

XVI
 2. Test Your Vocabulary Range

XVIII
 a=Antonym, r=Red herring, = Definition (Synonym)

Test score : 95-100 (Superior), 81-94 (Excellent), 71-80 (Good), 61-70 (Above average), 33-60 (Average), 0-32 (Below average)

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes XIX
 EXERCISE - 01 • ONE WORD (1-50)

1.d 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.c 9.a 10.b 11.a 12.a 13.a 14.c 15.a 16.b 17.d
18.b 19.c 20.b 21.c 22.a 23.a 24.d 25.a 26.d 27.d 28.c 29.b 30.a 31.a 32.a 33.d 34.b
35.c 36.d 37.b 38.b 39.b 40.d 41.c 42.d 43.b 44.d 45.d 46.b 47.c 48.c 49.d 50.a

472
 EXERCISE - 02 • ONE WORD (51-100)

1.d 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.d 6.a 7.b 8.c 9.d 10.d 11.d 12.d 13.c 14.a 15.d 16.c 17.d
18.d 19.c 20.c 21.a 22.a 23.a 24.c 25.a 26.a 27.b 28.b 29.d 30.b 31.c 32.a 33.c 34.d
35.d 36.a 37.c 38.a 39.b 40.c 41.a 42.a 43.a 44.c 45.a 46.b 47.c 48.d 49.c 50.b

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 473
 EXERCISE - 03 • ONE WORD (101-150)

1.d 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.c 10.a 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.d 15.d 16.a 17.b
18.b 19.b 20.c 21.b 22.b 23.c 24.d 25.d 26.c 27.d 28.c 29.c 30.c 31.c 32.c 33.b 34.a
35.d 36.b 37.a 38.b 39.a 40.b 41.a 42.a 43.d 44.a 45.d 46.c 47.c 48.a 49.c 50.c

474
 EXERCISE - 04 • ONE WORD (151-200)

1.b 2.a 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.d 7.a 8.c 9.c 10.a 11.c 12.a 13.a 14.a 15.d 16.a 17.b
18.a 19.a 20.b 21.b 22.c 23.a 24.a 25.d 26.b 27.a 28.a 29.b 30.d 31.b 32.d 33.d 34.c
35.d 36.a 37.d 38.b 39.c 40.b 41.d 42.b 43.b 44.a 45.a 46.b 47.c 48.b 49.b 50.a

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 475
 EXERCISE - 05 • ONE WORD (201-250)

1.c 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.a 8.d 9.c 10.c 11.b 12.c 13.b 14.d 15.d 16.a 17.a
18.b 19.a 20.a 21.d 22.b 23.a 24.b 25.b 26.d 27.a 28.b 29.b 30.d 31.d 32.c 33.d 34.b
35.d 36.a 37.b 38.b 39.a 40.b 41.a 42.a 43.b 44.d 45.b 46.c 47.b 48.b 49.d 50.b

476
 EXERCISE - 06 • ONE WORD (251-300)

1.a 2.b 3.a 4.c 5.a 6.d 7.c 8.c 9.d 10.d 11.d 12.a 13.c 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.d
18.b 19.c 20.c 21.b 22.c 23.b 24.b 25.b 26.b 27.a 28.a 29.c 30.c 31.b 32.b 33.b 34.b
35.b 36.c 37.b 38.b 39.c 40.b 41.a 42.a 43.b 44.c 45.a 46.d 47.a 48.a 49.a 50.b

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 477
 EXERCISE - 07 • ONE WORD (301-350)

1.b 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.b 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.d 11.b 12.b 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.a 17.c
18.d 19.c 20.d 21.c 22.c 23.d 24.d 25.d 26.b 27.a 28.a 29.b 30.b 31.d 32.b 33.c 34.c
35.c 36.a 37.b 38.b 39.a 40.b 41.c 42.d 43.b 44.a 45.d 46.b 47.c 48.d 49.c 50.b

478
 EXERCISE - 08 • ONE WORD (351-400)

1.b 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.a 6.a 7.d 8.b 9.b 10.b 11.b 12.c 13.b 14.a 15.d 16.d 17.d
18.c 19.c 20.d 21.b 22.b 23.d 24.d 25.a 26.b 27.c 28.c 29.b 30.b 31.a 32.a 33.c 34.c
35.a 36.a 37.b 38.c 39.b 40.b 41.b 42.a 43.c 44.d 45.b 46.d 47.c 48.c 49.a 50.b

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 479
 EXERCISE - 09 • ONE WORD (401-450)

1.b 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.c 6.c 7.c 8.b 9.b 10.c 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.a 17.b
18.b 19.c 20.c 21.d 22.c 23.a 24.b 25.b 26.d 27.b 28.b 29.c 30.d 31.b 32.a 33.b 34.b
35.b 36.d 37.a 38.d 39.b 40.c 41.b 42.b 43.c 44.b 45.b 46.c 47.c 48.b 49.d 50.a

480
 EXERCISE - 10 • ONE WORD (451-500)

1.b 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.d 6.a 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.d 11.a 12.a 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.c 17.d
18.a 19.b 20.c 21.c 22.c 23.a 24.a 25.b 26.b 27.d 28.c 29.c 30.a 31.d 32.a 33.b 34.b
35.c 36.c 37.d 38.d 39.d 40.a 41.d 42.b 43.d 44.c 45.a 46.d 47.c 48.c 49.c 50.a

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 481
 EXERCISE - 11 • SYNONYMS (1-50)

1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.b 7.a 8.d 9.a 10.a 11.d 12.c 13.d 14.c 15.b 16.b 17.a
18.a 19.d 20.a 21.a 22.c 23.d 24.c 25.c 26.c 27.a 28.d 29.a 30.c 31.d 32.d 33.a 34.c
35.d 36.c 37.c 38.d 39.d 40.b 41.a 42.d 43.d 44.c 45.d 46.a 47.d 48.c 49.b 50.b

482
 EXERCISE - 12 • SYNONYMS (51-100)

1.d 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.a 7.a 8.a 9.d 10.c 11.a 12.b 13.a 14.d 15.a 16.a 17.d
18.c 19.a 20.c 21.a 22.b 23.d 24.d 25.a 26.a 27.b 28.b 29.a 30.a 31.d 32.a 33.b 34.d
35.d 36.b 37.c 38.a 39.a 40.d 41.a 42.a 43.d 44.c 45.a 46.c 47.d 48.b 49.b 50.c

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 483
 EXERCISE - 13 • SYNONYMS (101-150)

1.d 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.d 6.b 7.c 8.b 9.c 10.c 11.d 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.a 16.d 17.c
18.b 19.a 20.c 21.c 22.c 23.b 24.b 25.b 26.c 27.c 28.c 29.c 30.d 31.c 32.a 33.b 34.b
35.c 36.d 37.b 38.a 39.d 40.a 41.a 42.b 43.c 44.a 45.b 46.d 47.a 48.a 49.c 50.b

484
 EXERCISE - 14 • SYNONYMS (151-200)

1.b 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.a 6.a 7.a 8.a 9.a 10.b 11.c 12.b 13.c 14.b 15.d 16.a 17.b
18.b 19.c 20.a 21.b 22.a 23.d 24.a 25.a 26.d 27.a 28.a 29.a 30.d 31.d 32.b 33.d 34.c
35.d 36.d 37.b 38.b 39.a 40.c 41.b 42.c 43.a 44.d 45.c 46.a 47.d 48.c 49.a 50.c

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 485
 EXERCISE - 15 • ANTONYMS (1-50)

1.d 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.c 10.a 11.b 12.d 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.b
18.c 19.a 20.a 21.b 22.a 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.b 27.d 28.c 29.d 30.d 31.b 32.c 33.c 34.c
35.c 36.c 37.a 38.d 39.c 40.a 41.d 42.c 43.b 44.c 45.d 46.d 47.b 48.d 49.a 50.d

486
 EXERCISE - 16 • ANTONYMS (51-100)

1.c 2.d 3.c 4.d 5.a 6.d 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.d 11.d 12.d 13.d 14.d 15.a 16.b 17.b
18.a 19.d 20.b 21.d 22.a 23.c 24.a 25.d 26.a 27.a 28.d 29.a 30.d 31.d 32.a 33.d 34.b
35.a 36.c 37.b 38.c 39.b 40.d 41.a 42.b 43.c 44.a 45.a 46.a 47.b 48.d 49.b 50.d

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 487
 EXERCISE - 17 • ANTONYMS (101-150)

1.d 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.d 10.a 11.b 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.d 16.b 17.d
18.b 19.c 20.d 21.b 22.c 23.b 24.b 25.d 26.b 27.c 28.a 29.a 30.b 31.d 32.d 33.b 34.a
35.a 36.b 37.c 38.d 39.a 40.a 41.b 42.a 43.d 44.a 45.a 46.c 47.c 48.c 49.d 50.c

488
 EXERCISE - 18 • ANTONYMS (151-200)

1.c 2.c 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.a 9.c 10.c 11.b 12.d 13.b 14.c 15.d 16.d 17.c
18.b 19.d 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.d 24.a 25.d 26.c 27.a 28.d 29.d 30.c 31.b 32.d 33.c 34.b
35.b 36.d 37.a 38.d 39.b 40.c 41.c 42.a 43.d 44.a 45.a 46.d 47.c 48.d 49.c 50.d

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 489
 EXERCISE - 19 • SPELLING ERROR (1-50)

1.a 2.a 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.a 7.c 8.a 9.a 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.d 14.a 15.d 16.c 17.b
18.c 19.d 20.a 21.d 22.a 23.d 24.a 25.c 26.b 27.c 28.a 29.a 30.a 31.d 32.d 33.b 34.b
35.c 36.b 37.d 38.a 39.d 40.a 41.d 42.a 43.c 44.c 45.d 46.c 47.b 48.b 49.a 50.a

490
 EXERCISE - 20 • SPELLING ERROR (51-100)

1.b 2.a 3.b 4.d 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.a 10.b 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.c 16.d 17.c
18.d 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.b 23.d 24.b 25.d 26.d 27.b 28.b 29.a 30.d 31.c 32.d 33.c 34.d
35.c 36.d 37.c 38.c 39.b 40.a 41.c 42.c 43.a 44.b 45.c 46.c 47.b 48.a 49.a 50.c

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 491
 3. Exit Test

492
 a = Antonym, r = Red herring, ü
= Definition (Synonym)

Test score : 95-100 (Superior), 81-94 (Excellent), 71-80 (Good), 61-70 (Above average), 33-60 (Average), 0-32 (Below average)

Best English Concepts : by Manisha Bansal Ma'am Director : Neon Classes 493