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 IND EX
S.No. CHAPTER PAGE No.

1.
1. Digital Sum (fMftVy ;ksx) 1 – 12

1.
2. Geometry (T;kfefr) 13 – 84

1.
3. Mensuration 2D (f}foeh; {ks=kfefr
) 85 – 104

1.
4. Mensuration 3D (f=kfoeh; {ks=kfefr
) 105 – 123

1.
5. LCM & HCF (y-l-i- vkSj e-l-i-) 124 – 127

1.
6. Number System (la[;k i¼fr ) 128 – 145

Simplification and Surds & Indices

1.
7.
(ljyhdj.k rFkk ?kkrkad ,oa dj.kh
) 146 – 151

1.
8. Algebra (ch”kxf.kr
) 152 – 162

1.
9. Trigonometry (f=kdks.kfefr
) 163 – 171

1.
10. Height & Distance (Å¡pkbZ vkSj) nwjh 172 – 177

1.
11. Co-ordinate Geometry (funZs'kkad T;kfefr
) 178 – 183
S.No. CHAPTER PAGE No.

1.
12. Percentage (i zfr'krrk
) 184 – 193

1.
13. Profit & Loss (y kHk vkSj gkfu
) 194 – 198

1.
14. )
Discount (cV~Vk@NwV 199 – 200

1.
15. Simple Interest (l k/kj.k C;kt) 201 – 204

1.
16. Compound Interest (p Øo`f¼ C;kt
) 205 – 212

1.
17. Ratio & Proportion (v uqikr vkSj lekuqikr
) 213 – 218

1.
18. Partnership (l k>snkjh
) 219 – 220

1.
19. Mixture (feJ.k ) 221 – 223

1.
20. Alligation (, fyxs'ku
) 224 – 229

1.
21. Average (v kSlr) 230 – 233

1.
22. Time & Work (l e; vkSj dk;Z
) 234 – 237
S.No. CHAPTER PAGE No.

1.
23. Pipe & Cistern (uy vkSj Vadh
) 238 – 240

1.
24. Time & Distance (l e; vkSj nwjh
) 241 – 246

1.
25. Train (jsyxkM+h
) 247 – 248

1.
26. Race & Circular Motion (nkSM+ vkSj o`Ùkh;
) 249xfr– 252

1.
27. Boat & Stream (uko vkSj /kjk
) 253 – 255

1.
28. Permutation & Combination (Øep; vkSj lap; ) 256 – 259

1.
29. Probability (izkf;drk) 260 – 269

1.
30. Statistics (lkaf[;dh) 270 – 274

1.
31. Logarithm (y?kqx.kd
) 275 – 276

1.
32. Calculation (x.kuk) 277 – 291
 Digital Sum

DIGITAL SUM
vadh; ;ksx
Introduction/ifjp;
It is a method not used for quick calculation but for
quick checking of answers. This technique has
different useful applications for students giving
competitive & other exams as they are already
provided with four options to every answer.
;g ,d ,slh fof/ gS ftldk mi;ksx Rofjr x.kuk ds fy, ugha
01
For decimals, digit sum work exactly the same way,
but we don't pay attention to the decimal points the
digit sum of 6.256 is (6 + 2 + 5 + 6) = 19, eleminiate
9, digit- sum is 1
n'keyo ds fy,] vadh; ;ksx fcYdqy mlh rjg dke djrk gS]
ysfdu ge n'keyo fcanqvksa ij è;ku ugha nsrs gSa]
vadh;
6-256 dk
;ksx (6 $ 2 $ 5 $ 6) ¾ 19 vad&;ksx 1 gS

r
cfYd mÙkjksa dh Rofjr tkap ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA çfr;ksxh Note: (i) Digit sum can be any of following the numbers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 0.
vkSj vU; ijh{kk,a nsus okys Nk=kksa ds fy, bl rduhd ds vyx&vyx

si
mi;ksxh vuqç;ksx gSa D;ksafd mUgsa igys ls gh çR;sd mÙkj vadh; ;ksx fuEufyf•r la[;k 1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7] 8] 9 ;k 0
ds fy,
pkj fodYi çnku fd, tkrs gSaA esa ls dksbZ Hkh gks ldrk gSA

an by
By adding 9 in any of above digits, digit sum does
What is digital sum/fMftVy ;ksx D;k gS% not change this means while adding consider 9 as zero.

n
mijksÙkQ fdlh Hkh vad esa 9 tksM+us ij vadh; ;ksx ugha cnyrk
A single digit obtained by adding all digits of a number,
is called digit sum.
vFkkZr tksM+rs le; 9 dks 'kwU; ekusaA

ja
fdlh la[;k ds lHkh vadksa dks tksM+us ij çkIr ,d vad dksTherefore, while calculating the digit sum of a number,
R s
vadh; ;ksx dgk tkrk gSA you can eliminate all the nines and all the digits that
a th
For example, Digit sum of 135 = 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 add up to nine. By doing this you will be able to
calculate the digit sum of any number much faster
Digit sum of 68 = 6 + 8 = 14 = 1 + 4 = 5
the elimination will have no effect on the final result.
'OR'
Remember that 9 is synonymous with 0 and can be
ty a

Remainder obtained by dividing a number by 9, is used interchangeably as 9 is also divisible by 9 leaves

called digit sum. remainder 0.
fdlh la[;k dks 9 ls foHkkftr djus ij tks 'ks"kiQy çkIr gksrk(9 = 0, in digit sum)
di M

gS] mls vadh; ;ksx dgrs gSaA
For example, Digit sum of 34 = 3 + 4 = 7
'OR'
Remainder When 34 is divided by 9 = 7
Another example, digit sum of 58 = 5 + 8 = 13
=1+3=4
Remainder when 58 is divided by 9 = 4
The digit sum method can be used to check answers
involving different arithmetic operations like
multiplication, division, addition, subtraction, squares,
A
blfy,] fdlh la[;k ds vadksa ds ;ksx dh x.kuk djrs le;]
vki lHkh 9 vkSj tksM+us ij 9 izkIr djus okys lHkh vadksa dks
foyksfir ldrs gSaA ,slk djus ls vki fdlh Hkh la[;k ds vadh;
;ksx dh x.kuk cgqr rsth ls dj ik,axs] foyksiu dk vafre ifj.kke
ij dksbZ çHkko ugha ;kn iM+sxkA
j•sa fd 9] 0 dk i;kZ; gS vkSj bls
,d nwljs ds LFkku ij bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd 9 Hkh 9 ls
foHkkT; gS] 'ks"kiQy 0 gSA
(9 ¾ 0] vadh; ;ksx esa)
Ex. Find the digit-sum of 2467539.
2467539 dk vadh; ;ksx Kkr dhft,A

square roots, cube roots etc.

vadh; ;ksx i¼fr dk mi;ksx xq.kk] Hkkx] tksM+] ?kVko oxZ]HINTS:
?kuewy vkfn tSls fofHkUu vadxf.krh; ifjpkyuksa ls tqM+s
dh tkap djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Digit sum of LHS = Digit Sum of RHS.
LHS dk vadh; ;ksx= RHS dk vadh; ;ksxA
Digit sum can be implemented on percentage or
decimals as well.
vadh; ;ksx dks çfr'kr
vFkokn'keyo ij Hkh ykxw fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
oxZewy]
We will eliminate the numbers that add up to 9 (2 &
mÙkjksa
7, 4 & 5, 6 & 3 and also eliminate the 9) .We obtain
0 or 9.
Ex. Find the digit-sum of 6372819923
6372819923 dk vadh; ;ksx Kkr dhft,
HINTS:
We will eliminate the numbers that add up to 9 (6 &
3, 7 & 2, 8 & 1 and also eliminate the two 9's). We
are left with the digits 2 & 3 which also add up to 5.

Aditya
Aditya Ranjan
Ranjan (Excise
(Excise Inspector)
Inspector) Selected gSSelection fnyk,axs11
 Digital Sum

(ii) Digit sum of any multiple of 9 is 9. Ex. Swati sold a bag to Ankita at a gain of 15%. Aashi
9 ds fdlh xq.kt dk vadh; ;ksx 9 gksrk gSA bought this bag from Ankita for ` 24,840. Ankita
earned a profit of 20%. At what price would swati
For example/mnkgj.k ds fy, have bought the bag?
9 × 14 = 126 = 1 + 2 + 6 = 9 Lokfr us vafdrk dks ,d cSx 15» ds ykHk ij cspkA vk'kh us
9 × 43 = 387 = 3 + 8 + 7 = 18 = 1 + 8 = 9 ;g cSx vafdrk ls 24]840 #- esa [kjhnk FkkA vafdrk us 20» dk
9 dk ;g ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ xq.k/eZ gSA fo|kFkhZ ;fn bldk ykHk vftZr fd;kA Lokfr us cSx fdl dher ij [kjhnk gksxk\
Application v PNs ls le> ysa rks dbZ iz'uksa esa fcuk iwjk (a) ` 18,500 (b) ` 18,000
calculation fd, options eliminate d jds lgh mÙkj rd (c) ` 16,000 (d) ` 20,000
igqpk tk ldrk gSA HINTS:
;fn fdlh HkhMultiplication i zfØ;k esa 9 fn[ks ;k 9 dk dksbZ CP SP
multiple fn[ks vkSj ;g 9denominator l s cancel out uk 20 23
gks jgk gks] rks xq.kuiQy
digitdk
sum ges'kk 9 gksxkA 5 6
dqNPYQ ds ekè;e ls blds vuqiz;ksx dks vkSj vPNs ls le>rs gSA 100 138
Ex. Due to pandemic, the population of city reduces at Swati bought at,

r
the rate of 2% per annum. What will be its total 24840
population after 2 years if the present population of 100 = Rs.18000
138

si
the city is 45,000?
egkekjh ds dkj.k ,d 'kgj dh tula[;k 2» izfro"kZ dh nj ls fd 24840 dkdigit sum 9 gS vFkkZRk~ ;g
pwa 9 dk gSvkSj
multiple
D ls cancel out Hk
h ugha gksxk blfy, xq.kuiQy dksum 9

an by
?kVrh gSA ;fn 'kgj dh orZeku tula[;k 45]000 gS] 2 o"kZ ckn
r
digit
bldh dqy tula[;k D;k gksxh\ gksxkA

n
(a) 40538 (b) 44521 ls d k ghdigit sum 9 gSA
fn, x, fodYiksa esa(b)
(c) 41568 (d) 43218 Ex. The area of a field in the shape of a hexagon is

ja
HINTS: R s 19443m². What will be the cost (in Rs.) of fencing it
at the rate of Rs.11.50 per metre?
Population After Two year
, d "kV~Hkqtkdkj [ksr dk {ks=kiQYk
19443m² gSA mlds pkjksa vksj
a th
49 49
= 45000   = 43218 #i;s 11.50 izfr ehVj dh nj ls ckM+ yxkus esa fdruh ykxr
50 50
(#i;s esa) vk,xh\
pwafd 45000] 9 multiple
dk gS vkSj ;gDr l s cancel out
(a) 2,256 (b) 3,200
Hkh ugha gksxk blfy, xq.kuiQy digitdk
sum 9 gksxkA
ty a

(c) 2,785 (d) 2,484

ls d k ghdigit sum 9 gSA
fn, x, fodYiksa esa(d)
HINTS:
di M

Ex. 2000 employees are assigned to complete a project.

At the end of the first year, 15% of the number of  Area of a hexagon
employees are decreased and at the end of the second 3
year again 10% of the number of employees are =6× × a2 = 1944 3
4
decreased. However, to complete the project in time,
the number of employees are increased by 10% at the 1944  4
end of the third year. What was the number of a2 = a = 36 m
6
employees working during the fourth year?
Perimeter of the hexagon
2000 deZpkfj;ksa dks ,d ifj;kstuk dks iwjk djus dk dk;Z lkSaik x;k gSA
= 6 × 36 = 216 m
igys o"kZ ds var esa] deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k 15» de gks tkrh gS vkSj nwljs
Total cost = 216 × 11.5 = Rs.2484
o"kZ ds var esa deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k iqu% 10» de gks tkrh gSA gkykafd]
pwa
fd 216] 9 dk multiple gSblfy, xq.kuiQy dkdigit sum 9
ifj;kstuk dks le; ij iwjk djus ds fy, rhljs o"kZ ds var esa deZpkfj;ksa dh
la[;k 10» c<+k nh tkrh gSA pkSFks o"kZ esa dke djus okys deZpkfj;ksa gks
xkA fn,dhx, fodYiksa esa
(d) ls
dk gh digit sum 9 gSA
A

la[;k fdruh gS\ Ex. A hemispherical bowl whose radius is 21 cm is full

of ice cream. Find the volume of the ice cream.
(a) 1786 (b) 1685
(c) 1683 (d) 1783 22
(take  = )
7
HINTS:
Number of employees working during the fourth year, , d v/Zxksykdkj dVksjk] ftldh f=kT;k 21 lseh gS] vkblØhe ls
85 90 110 22
= 2000 ×   = 1683 Hkjk gSA vkblØhe dk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
 = ( yhft,)
7
100 100 100
fd 90] 9 dk multiple gSblfy, xq.kuiQy dkdigit sum 9
pwa (a) 20000 cm3 (b) 21000 cm3
gks (c) dk
xkA fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls gh digit sum 9 gSA (c) 22000 cm3 (d) 19404 cm3

Aditya
Aditya Ranjan
Ranjan (Excise
(Excise Inspector)
Inspector) Selected gSSelection fnyk,axs
22
 Digital Sum

HINTS: Ex. If the amount obtained by A by investing Rs 9,100

Volume of hemisphere for three years at a rate of 10% p.a. on simple interest
is equal to the amount obtained by B by investing a
2 22 certain sum of money for five years at a rate of 8%
=   21  21  21 = 19404 cm3
3 7 p.a. on simple interest, then 90% of the sum invested
pwafd21 × 21 × 21] esa3 × 3 × 3 gSa ftlesa ls ,d 3 Dr ls cancel by B (in Rs) is:
out gkstk,xkA cps gq, nks 3 feydj 9 gks tk,xsa final vFkkZr~ ; fn A }kjk lk/kj.k C;kt ij okf"kZd 10» dh C;kt nj ls rhu
product dk digit sum 9 gks xkA o"kksZa ds fy, :i;s 9100 dk fuos'k djds izkIr dh xbZ /ujkf'k]
fn, x, fodYiksa esa(d)lsd k ghdigit sum 9 gSA B }kjk lk/kj.k C;kt ij] okf"kZd 8» dh C;kt nj ls ikap o"kksZa
Ex. The total surface area of a solid hemisphere is 1039.5 ds fy, ,d fuf'pr jkf'k dk fuos'k djds izkIr dh xbZ jkf'k ds
cm 2 . The volume (in cm 3 ) of the hemisphere is: B }kjk fuos'k dh xbZ jkf'k dk 90» (:i;s esa) Kkr
cjkcj gS] rks
 22  djsaA
 Take    (a) 7,800 (b) 7,605
 7 
(c) 8,540 (d) 8,450
,d Bksl v/Zxksys dk dqy i`"Bh; {ks=kiQy 1039-5 lseh gSA v/Zxksys dk
HINTS:
22  B }kjk fuosf'kr /ujkf'k ftruh Hkh gksxh mldk
% v FkkZr~
90 9
 eku yhft,  

vk;ru (lseh3 esa) fdruk gksxk\ 

r
 7  dk product ftldk digit sum 9 gksxkA
(a) 2225.5 (b) 2530.6 ls d k ghdigit sum 9 gSA
fn, x, fodYiksa esa(b)

si
(c) 2425.5 (d) 2525.6 Ex. A sum of Rs18,000 becomes Rs 21,780 after 2 years
HINTS: on compound interest compounded annually. What will

an by
3r2 = 1039.5 be the compound interest (in Rs) on the same sum for
the same period if the rate of interest increases by 5%?
22 21

n
=3×
7
× r² = 1039.5 r =
2
= 10.5 cm l kykuk pØo`f¼ C;kt ij 2 lky esa 18]000 #i;s dh jkf'k 21]780
Volume of Hemisphere #i;s gks tkrh gSA ;fn C;kt dh nj esa 5» dh o`f¼ gksrh gS] rks leku

ja
R s vof/ ds fy, leku jkf'k ij pØo`f¼ C;kt (# esa) fdruk gksxk\
2 22 (a) 1,845 (b) 4,670
=  × 10.5 × 10.5 × 10.5 = 2425.5 cm³
a th
3 7 (c) 5,805 (d) 5,500
pwa
fd 10.5×10.5×10.5] esa3 × 3 × 3 gSa ftlesa ls ,d 3Dr HINTS:
l s cancel out gks tk,xkA cps gq, nks 3 feydj 9 gks tk,xsa Principal Amount
vFkkZr~final product d k digit sum 9 gksxkA 18000 : 21780
ty a

fn, x, fodYiksa esa(c)lsd k ghdigit sum 9 gSA 2

900 : 1089
Ex. Water is flowing through a cylindrical canal with an 30 : 33
di M

internal diameter of 7 m at he speed of 18 km/h.

Find the volume of water flowing through the canal 3
Rate = × 100 = 10%
30
22
in 30 mintues. (take  = ) If rate is increased by 5% = 15%
7
C.I. for two years = = 32.25%
7 eh vkarfjd O;kl okyh ,d csyukdkj ugj esa ikuh ds cgko
18000
dh xfr 18 fdeh@?kaVk gSA blds ekè;e ls 30 feuV esa cgus = × 32.25
100
22
okys ikuh dk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
 =(
7
d k mi;ksx dhft,A) pwafd 18000] 9 dk multiple gS blfy, xq.kuiQy dk digit
sum 9 gksxkA fn, x, fodYiksa (a)
esa&ls(c) d k digit sum
(a) 3,76,500 m3 (b) 3,56,500 m3
(c) 3,66,500 m 3
(d) 3,46,500 m3 9 gSA ijarq tSlk fd ge tkurs gS 18000 ds 10» dk eku 1800
HINTS: gksrk gS ;gk¡ ges 32-25» dk eku Kkr djuk gS blfy,
option
A

Distance covered in 30 minutes (9 km) will be (c) lgh mÙkj gSA

considered as height. Ex. Find the sum 3 + 3² + 3³ + .... + 38.
h = 9000 m 3 + 3² + 3³ + .... + 38 dk ;ksx Kkr djsaA
Volume of water flowing through the canal in 30 (a) 6561 (b) 6560
minutes = r2h
(c) 9840 (d) 3280
22 7 7 HINTS:
=    9000 = 346500m3
7 2 2 fn, x, expression esa 3 dks NksM+ djterms lHkhesa 9 vk
pwafd 9000] 9 multiple
dk gS vkSj ;gD l s cancel out Hkh
r
jgk gSA vFkkZr~ lgh mÙkj 9 ds l s 3 vf/d gksxkA
multiple
ugha gksxk blfy, xq.kuiQy dksum 9 gksxkA
digit fn, x, fodYiksa esa
(c) ,d ek=k ,slk fodYi gS ftldkdigit
fn, x, fodYiksa esa(d)
ls d k ghdigit sum 9 gSA sum 9 ds multiple l s 3 vf/d gSA

Aditya
Aditya Ranjan
Ranjan (Excise
(Excise Inspector)
Inspector) Selected gSSelection fnyk,axs
33
 Digital Sum

Ex. 73 – 16 = 57
Application of Digital sum
HINTS:
(fMftVy ;ksx dk vuqç;ksx)
Digit sum of LHS = 1 – 7 = – 6 + 9 = 3
1. Addition/;ksx If the digit sum value comes negative then just add
The digit sum of the final sum should be equal to it to 9 & result will be the actual digit sum value.
the digit sum of all the numbers used in the addition (Remember it)
process.
;fn vadksa dk ;ksx eku ½.kkRed vkrk gS rks bls 9 esa tksM+sa vkS
vafre ;ksxiQy dk vadh; ;ksx tksM+ çfØ;k esa ç;qÙkQ lHkh la[;kvksa
ifj.kke okLrfod vadksa dk ;ksx eku gksxkA (;kn j[ksa)
ds vadh; ;ksx ds cjkcj gksuk pkfg,A
Digit - sum of RHS = 5 + 7 = 12 = 3.
(i) For example/mnkgj.k ds fy,]13 + 12 = 25
Ex. 2474 – 1140 = 1330
Digit sum of 13 = 1 + 3 = 4
HINTS:
Digit sum of 12 = 1 + 2 = 3
Digit sum of LHS = 4 – 6 = – 2 + 9 = 7
Digit sum of 4 and 3 = 7
If the digit sum value comes negative then just add
Digit sum of 25 is 2 + 5 = 7
it to 9 & result will be the actual digit sum value.
Thus digit sum of LHS = Digit sum of RHS.

r
(Remember it)
bl çdkj LHS dk vadh; ;ksx ¾RHS dk vadh; ;ksxA
;fn vadksa dk ;ksx eku ½.kkRed vkrk gS rks bls 9 esa tksM+sa vkS

si
(Why this happens? Because, if you divide 13 & 12
by 9 and add up the remainders (4 + 3 = 7) which is ifj.kke okLrfod vadksa dk ;ksx eku gksxkA (;kn j[ksa)

an by
equal to the remainder obtained by dividing 25 by 9.) Digit - sum of RHS = 1 + 3 + 3 = 7
(,slk D;ksa gksrk gS\ D;ksafd] ;fn vki 13 vkSj 12 dks
9 Verify
Ex.ls whether 32586 minus 12598 are 19988.

n
foHkkftr djrs gSa vkSj 'ks"kiQy tksM+rs gSa (4 $ 3 ¾ 7) tks 25 djsa fd D;k 32586] 12598 dk varj 19988 gSaA
lR;kfir
dks 9 ls foHkkftr djus ij çkIr 'ks"kiQy ds cjkcj gksrk gSA)

ja
R s HINTS:
Ex. 1.5 + 32.5 + 23.9 = 57.9
The digit sum of the number 32586 is 6
HINTS:
a th
The digit sum of the number 12598 is 7
Digit sum of LHS 6 + 10 + 5 = 21 = 3
Digit sum of RHS 5 + 7 + 9 = 12 = 3 Subtract 7 from 6 we get – 1 i.e., 1 + 9 = 8
Ex. Verify whether 18273645 + 9988888 + 6300852 + Also digit sum of 19988 is also 8.
ty a

11111111 is 45674496. Hence, Digit sum of the question is equals to the digit
lR;kfir djsa fd D;k 18273645
+ 9988888 + 6300852 + sum of the Answer.
111111111 dk ;ksxiQy 45674496 gSA
di M

vr%] ç'u ds vadksa dk ;ksx mÙkj ds vadksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gSA

HINTS:
The digit-sum of the numbers is 0, 4, 6 and 8
respectively.
Total of these 4 digit sum is 18 and the digit sum of
18 is 9.
The digit sum of 45674496 is also 9.
Hence, Digit sum of the question is equals to the digit
sum of the Answer.
vr%] ç'u ds vadksa dk ;ksx mÙkj ds vadksa ds ;ksx ds
i.e., We can assume that the addition is correct.
A
i.e., We can assume that the subtraction is correct.
vFkkZRk] ge eku ldrs gSa fd ?kVko lgh gSA
3. Multiplication/xq.kk
First we will calculate the digit sum of the first number,
we will calculate the digit sum of the second number
we will multiply the two digit sums thus obtained. If
the final answer equals to the digit sum of the product
cjkcjthen,
gSA our answer can be concluded as to be correct.
igys ge igyh la[;k ds vadksa ds ;ksx dh x.kuk djsaxs] ge

vFkkZRk] ge eku ldrs gSa fd ;ksxiQy lgh gSA
2. Subtraction/?kVko
The digit sum of the smaller number as subtracted
from the digit sum of bigger number should equal
tothe digit sum of the difference.
cM+h la[;k ds vadksa ds ;ksx ls NksVh la[;k ds vadksa dk ;ksx
ij izkIr vadksa dk ;ksx varj ds vadksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksuk pkfg,A
For example/mnkgj.k ds fy, , 88 – 13 = 75
Digit sum of LHS = 7 – 4 = 3
Digit sum of RHS = 7 + 5 = 12 = 3
nwljh la[;k ds vadksa ds ;ksx dh x.kuk djsaxs] ge bl çdkj
çkIr nks vadksa ds ;ksx dks xq.kk djsaxsA ;fn izkIr vadksa dk ;k
xq.kuiQy ds vadksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gS] rks gekjs mÙkj dks lgh
ekuk tk ldrk gSA
example/mnkgj.k ds fy,
For?kVkus , 15 × 13 = 195
Digit sum of multiplication of digit sum of 15 & 13
= (1 + 5) × (1 + 3) = 6 × 4 = 24 = 6
Digit sum of RHS = 1 + 9 + 5 = 6 (eliminate 9)
Digit sum of LHS = Digit sum of RHS

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 Digital Sum

Ex. Verify whether 467532 multiplied by 107777 equals 364  4

50389196364.  =7
52  4
l R;kfir djsa fd D;k 467532 dks 107777 ls xq.kk djus ij Hence, DS of LHS = DS of RHS
50389196364 vkrk gSA
In the denominator, if any other digit sum other than
HINTS: 3, 6 or 9 is obtained, then we try to make it 1. For
The digit sum of 467532 is 9. this follow the following procedure.
The digit sum of 107777 is 2. gj esa ;fn 3] 6 ;k 9 ds vykok dksbZ vkSj fMfTkVy ;ksx izkIr
Digit sum of LHS = 9 × 2 = 18 = 9 gks rks mls 1 cukus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSA blds fy, fuEufyf[kr
Digit sum of 50389196364 is also 9. izfØ;k dk ikyu djrs gSA
Hence, Digit sum of the question is equals to the digit Nr
sum of the Answer. (i) is equal to Nr
1
v r%] ç'u ds vadksa dk ;ksx mÙkj ds vadksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj; gSA
fn gj dk fMfTkVy ;ksx 1 gks rks va'k dk vadh; ;ksx HkkxiQy
i.e., We can assume that the product is correct. (mÙkj) ds vadh; ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
v FkkZRk] ge eku ldrs gSa fd xq.kuiQy lgh gSA 38982
Ex. = 534
Ex. The value of 95 × 105 is: 73

r
95 × 105 dk eku_________ gSA HINTS:

si
Digit sum of LHS.
(a) 9981 (b) 9935
DS of Nr = 3 DS of Dr = 1
(c) 9965 (d) 9975

an by
HINTS: 3
i.e., DS of LHS = =3
1

n
Digit sum of multiplication (95 × 105) = 5 × 6 = 3
Digit sum of RHS = 5 + 3 + 4 = 3
Digit sum of only option (d) is 3, which is correct
answer. (5 & 4 add up to 9, eliminate it)

ja
4. Division/Hkkx
R s (ii)
Nr Nr  5
2

25
=
N r  5 Nr  5
10

1
= 5 × Nr .
a th
In division the numerator does'nt but impact. So, it's
upto denominator used in the expression. ; fn gj dk vadh; ;ksx 2 gks rks bls 1 cukus ds fy, va'k rFkk
Hkkx esa va'k dk çHkko gh ugha iM+rkA izHkko fliQZ gj dkgjgksrk
esa 5gSA
ls xq.kk dj nsrs gSA
We can face the sum of digit sum of denominators 2343
ty a

Ex. = 213.
in digit sum division process as written below. 11
v ad ;ksx foHkktu çfØ;k esa gj ds vadksa ds ;ksx fuEu esa ls
HINTS:
di M

dksbZ Hkh gks ldrk gSA 2343  5

DS of Dr = 2 
r r 11  5
Nr N Nr N r Nr Nr N r Nr N
, , , , , , , , 9 or 0 DS of Nr = 6, DS of Dr = 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The rule of digit sum fails when the denominator has 6
DS of LHS = = 6,
3, 6 or 9. In such situations, firstly try to cancel out 1
3, 6 or 9 with numerator and then apply digit sum. DS of RHS = 6
If 3, 6 or 9 cannot be eliminated from the denominator
then digit sum rule will not apply. Nr Nr  7 Nr  7
(iii)    Nr  7
4 47 28
v ad ;ksx dk fu;e rc foiQy gks tkrk gS tc gj esa 3] 6 ;k 9
; fn gj dk vadh; ;ksx 4 gks rks bls 1 cukus ds fy, 7 ls va'k
gksA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa] lcls igys 3] 6 ;k 9 dks va'k ls dkVus
dk ç;kl djsa vkSj fiQj vadh; ;ksx ykxw djsaA ;fn gj ls 3] 6 ;krFkk gj esa xq.kk dj nsrs gSA
A

9 dks eliminate ugha dj ldrs rks fMfTkVy ;ksx dk fu;e 12927  417
Ex.
apply ugha gksxkA 31
HINTS:
1092
Ex. =7
156 12927  7
DS of Dr = 4 
HINTS: 31  7
DS of Dr = 3 DS of Nr = 3 & DS of Dr = 4 × 7 = 28 = 1
Therefore try to cancel out 3 from both Nr & Dr. 3
DS of LHS = =3
364 1
, Now DS of Dr = 7 DS of RHS = 4 + 1 + 7 = 12 = 3.
52

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55
 Digital Sum

Nr Nr  2 Nr  2
Use of digital sum in some of the
(iv)    Nr  2 previous year TCS questions
5 52 10
; fn gj dk vadh; ;ksx 5 gks rks bls 1 cukus ds fy, 2 ls va'k ( iwoZorhZ ijh{kkvksa }kjk iwNs x, iz'uksa esa
TCS esa
rFkk gj esa xq.kk dj nsrs gSA fMftVy ;ksx dk vuqiz;ksx)
Ex. (31% of 260) × ? = 12896
15826
Ex. = 386 (a) 150 (b) 140
41
(c) 160 (d) 180
HINTS:
HINTS:
r
15826  2 Operate on digit sum
DS of D = 5 
41  2
8
DS of Nr = 8, DS of Dr = 1 4 × 8 × ? = 5 × ? = 8 ? =
5
5
DS of LHS = =8 82
1 ?= 7
52
DS of RHS = 3 + 8 + 6 = 8
v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 7 gksuk pkfg,A

r
Nr r
N 4 N 4 r
(c) dk vadh; ;ksx 7 gSA
fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ fodYi

si
(v)    Nr  4
7 74 28 Ex. 12.8% of 8800 – 16.4% of 5550 = 20% of ?

an by
; fn gj dk vadh; ;ksx 7 gks rks bls 1 cukus ds fy, 4 ls va'k (a) 965 (b) 996
rFkk gj esa xq.kk dj nsrs gSA (c) 1004 (d) 1081

n
31,928 HINTS:
Ex. = 614 Operate on digit sum
52

ja
HINTS:
DS of LHS
R s 2×7–2×6=2×?

2
a th
5 – 3 = 2 × ? ? =
2
31,928  4
DS of Dr = 5 + 2 = 7 
52  4 25
?= = 1.
r
DS of N = 5 + 2 = 7 & DS of D = 1 r 25
ty a

2 v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 1 gksuk pkfg,A
DS of LHS = =2
fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ fodYi
(d) dk vadh; ;ksx 1 gSA
di M

1
DS of RHS = 2 Ex. 53% of 120 + 25% of 862 = ?% of 500
(a) 92.50 (b) 55.82
Nr Nr  8 Nr  8 Nr  8
(iv)    = Nr × 8. (c) 63.68 (d) 38.89
8 88 64 10
HINTS:
; fn gj dk vadh; ;ksx 8 gks rks bls 1 cukus ds fy, 8 ls va'k Operate on digit sum
rFkk gj esa xq.kk dj nsrs gSA
8×3+7×7=?×5
25347 10 10  2
Ex. = 357
71 ? =  ? = =2
5 52
HINTS:
v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 2 gksuk pkfg,A
A

DS of Dr = 8 
25347  8 fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ fodYi
(b) dk vadh; ;ksx 2 gSA
71  8
Ex. (1004)2 – (998)2 =?
r r
DS of N = 6, DS of D =1 (a) 11012 (b) 12012
6 (c) 22012 (d) 2212
DS of LHS = =6
1 HINTS:
DS of RHS = 3 + 5 + 7 = 6 Operate on digit sum

Note: ; fn Numerator r FkkDenominator d s Digit sum 5² – 8² = 25 – 64 = 7 – 1 = 6

fdlh common factor l scancel out gks jgs gks rksCancel
mUgsa v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 6 gksuk pkfg,A
uk djsaA cfYd
Dr d ks1 cukus dh dksf'k'k djsaA fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ fodYi
(b) dk vadh; ;ksx 6 gSA

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66
 Digital Sum

Ex. Find x, if 30% of 400 + x% of 70 = 25% of 536 Ex. A certain sum amounts to Rs. 4205.55 at 15% p.a. in
(a) 20 (b) 30 2
2 years, interest compounded yearly. The sum is:
(c) 10 (d) 40 5
HINTS:
2
Operate on digit sum ,d fuf'pr jkf'k 15» okf"kZd pØo`f¼ C;kt dh nj2ls5
3 × 4 + 7x = 7 × 5
o"kks± esa 4205-55 :i;s gks tkrh gS] og jkf'k Kkr dhft,A
5
3 + 7x = 8 x = (a) Rs.3000 (b) Rs.3500
7
(c) Rs.2700 (d) Rs.3200
54
x= =2 HINTS:
74
Rate of interest for 1st and 2nd year, = 15%
vFkkZr~
answer (mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 2 gksuk pkfg,A
fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ fodYi
(a) dk vadh; ;ksx 2 gSA Rate of interest for 3rd year =
2
 15 = 6%
5
Ex. What value should come in place of question mark.
Now,
iz'u fpÉ ds LFkku ij D;k eku vkuk pkfg,A
115 115 106 

r
2 P  
9 + 13 % of 3300 + 25% of 184 = 40% of? 100 100 100  = 4205.55
3

si
(a) 1165 (b) 1265 DS of LHS
P (7 × 7 × 7) = P × 1

an by
(c) 1365 (d) 965
HINTS: DS of RHS = 3

n
nwljsterm ds Dr 3 dkseliminate djus ds fy, 3300 ls bls  DS of P = 3
cancel out dj nsrs gSA Only option (a) satisfied.

ja
9 + 41% of 1100 + 25% of 184 = 40% of ?
R s Ex. If a = 102, then find the value of a(a² – 3a + 3).
Operate on digit sum ;fn a = 102 gks] rks
a(a² – 3a + 3) dk eku crkb,A
a th
0+5×2+7×4=4×? (a) 1030302 (b) 1010101
(c) 1000002 (d) 9999992
27
?= =5 HINTS:
47
ty a

Digit sum of a = 102 = 3.

vFkkZr~
answer (mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 5 gksuk pkfg,A
operate on digit sum
fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ
(b) dk vadh; ;ksx 5 gSA
di M

3(9 – 9 + 3) = 9
Ex. What value should come in place of question mark.
Only option (a) has digit sum as 9.
iz'u fpÉ ds LFkku ij D;k eku vkuk pkfg,A
Ex. If P = 99, then the value of P(P² + 3P + 3) is:
12% of 357000 15% of 58500
  ? ;fn P = 99, rksP(P² + 3P + 3) dk eku gS%
17% of 42 13% of 45
(a) 998889 (b) 999999
(a) 7600 (b) 7500
(c) 7800 (d) 9100 (c) 988899 (d) 989898
HINTS: HINTS:

First term esaDr dk DS 3 gS blfy, Nr esa 12 rFkk

Dr esa Digit sum of P = 99 = 9 or 0
42 esa ls 3 dks
Cancel Out djrs gSA P(P² + 3P + 3) is a multiple of 9.
The digit sum of this expression will be 9.
DS of Nr of first term = 6 & DS of Dr = 4
A

Only option (b) satisfied.

67
DS of first term = =6
47 Ex. If A =  1    1    1   ... upto 8 terms, then
     
Second term esaD dk DS 9 gS blfy, N
r r
esa 58500 rFkk  0.4   0.04   0.004 
Dr esa 45 esa ls 9 dks
Cancel Out djrs gSA what is the value of A?
DS of Nr of Second term = 3 & DS of Dr = 2
;fn A =  1    1    1   ... upto 8 inksa rd]
     
35  0.4   0.04   0.004 
DS of Second term = =6
25 A dk eku D;k gS\
DS of complete sum = 6 + 6 = 3 (a) 27272727.5 (b) 25252525.5
In the given options only (b) has digit sum 3. (c) 77777777.5 (d) 55555555.5

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 Digital Sum

HINTS: 12]500#i;s dh ykxr dh ,d fufeZr oLrq] 10» ykHk ij csph

If we make the digit sum of denominator of each term 1. xbZA ogh vkiwfrZdrkZ nqdkunkj dks 5-5» ykHk ij nsrk gSA nqdkun
We have to multiply them by 7. Thus we will get 8 bls vius ykxr ewY; ls 2]393-75 #i;s vf/d vafdr fd;k vkSj
times 7 in complete expression. xzkgd dks 10» dh NwV nhA nqdkunkj }kjk vftZr ykHk Kkr dhft,A
Digit sum = 8 × 7 = 56 = 11 = 2. (a) 653.75 (b) 693.75
Only option (c) satisfied (c) 703.75 (d) 600.75
Ex. From his monthly income X spends 24% on house HINTS:
hold expenses, 16% on entertainment, 28% on
CP for the shopkeeper
education. Out of remaining he donates 72% money
and left with an amount of 2403.52. Find his monthly  11 105.5 
= 12,500  
income?  10 100 
v iuh ekfld vk; ls X ?kjsyw •pks± ij 24»] euksjatu ij 16»] DS of CP = 5
f'k{kk ij 28» •pZ djrk gSA 'ks"k esa ls og 72» /u nku djrk SP for the shopkeeper
gS vkSj 2403-52 dh jkf'k ds lkFk NksM+ nsrk gSA mldh ekfld
vk; Kkr dhft;s\  11 105.5  9
12,500 


10
 2393.75 
100  10
(a) 24725 (b) 26825

r
(c) 25625 (d) 29325 DS of SP = 9

si
HINTS: (Digit sum of any number multiplied by 9 is 9)
Profit = SP – CP = 9 – 5 = 4
32 28

an by
X  = 2403.52 Only option (c) satisfied.
100 100
Ex. The average score in an English exam of a class of

n
DS of LHS = X × 5 × 1 = X × 5 45 students in a coaching centre is 52. A group of
DS of RHS = 7 6 boys having an average score of 40 leave the class
and another group of eight boys having an average

ja
72 R s score of 43 join the class. What is the new average
DS of X = =5
52 score of the class?
a th
Only option (b) satisfied , d dksfpax lsaVj esa 45 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ,d d{kk ds vaxzsth ijh{kk
Ex. During the first year, the population of a town ds vadksa dk vkSlr 52 gSA 40 vadksa ds vkSlr okys 6 yM+dksa
increased by 12%.The next year, due to some dk ,d lewg d{kk NksM+ nsrk gS vkSj 43 vadksa ds vkSlr okys
contagious disease, it decreased by 8%. At the end vkB yM+dksa dk ,d vU; lewg d{kk mlesa 'kkfey gks tkrk gSA
ty a

of the second year, the population was 64,400. Find

the population of the town at beginning of the first
d{kk ds vadksa dk u;k vkSlr D;k gksxk\
(a) 48 (b) 53
di M

year.
igys o"kZ ds nkSjku] ,d dLcs dh tula[;k esa 12» dh o`f¼ gqbZA
(c) 49.5 (d) 52
vxys o"kZ] fdlh laØked jksx ds dkj.k] blesa 8» dh deh vkbZAHINTS:
nwljs o"kZ ds var esa] tula[;k 64]400 FkhA igys o"kZ dh 'kq#vkr
New esa
Average
dLcs dh tula[;k fdruh Fkh\ 45  52   8  43 – 6  40 
=
(a) 50,000 (b) 54,750 45 – 6  8
(c) 62,500 (d) 50,500 Operate on digit sum
HINTS: 92–6 55
= =7
9–68 25
112 92
x 
100 100
= 64,400 v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 7 gksuk pkfg,A
DS of LHS = x × 4 × 2 = x × 8 fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ
(d) dk vadh; ;ksx 7 gSA
A

DS of RHS = 5 Ex. The value of/d k eku Kkr djsaaA

58 (1018)2 – 1019 × 1017 + 1015 × 1012 – 1016 × 1011
DS of x = =4 (a) 1 (b) 4
88
Only option (c) satisfied. (c) 3 (d) 5
Ex. A manufactured item of cost `12,500, sold at 10% HINTS:
profit. The supplier the sold at a 5.5% profit to the Operate on digit sum
shopkeeper. The shopkeeper marks it at `2,393.75 1 – 9/0 + 1 – 6 = –4 + 9 = 5
higher than his cost price and allowed a 10% discount
to the customer. Find the profit earned by the v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 5 gksuk pkfg,A
shopkeeper. fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ
(d) lgh gSA

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 Digital Sum

Ex. X and Y earn an average income of Rs. 72000 per HINTS:

month, out of which they saved an average amount Let total students be 100
of Rs. 38800 per month, such that X saved Rs. 5600
less than Y. If the expenditure of X is 55% of his (20  77)  (85  25)  (52  55)
Average =
income, then find the percentage expenditure of Y. 100
X vkSjY izfr ekg 72000 #i;s dh vkSlr vk; vftZr djrs gSa] Operate on digit sum
ftles ls og çfr ekg vkSlru 38800 :i;s dh cpr djrs gS] bl 2×5+4×7+7×1=1+1+7=9
çdkj X usY dh rqyuk esa 5600 :i;s de fd cpr djrk gSA ;fn v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 9 gksuk pkfg,A
X d k O;; mldh vk; dk 55» gS] rks
Y dk çfr'kr O;; Kkr dhft,A
fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ
(b) dk vadh; ;ksx 9 gSA
(a) 20% (b) 25%
Ex. The difference between C.I. and S.I. on a certain sum
(c) 30% (d) 35% of money at 16% per annum compounded annually
HINTS: in 3 years is Rs 3792. Then find the principal.
X : Y , d fuf'pr jkf'k ij 16» çfr o"kZ pØo`f¼ C;kt dh nj ls 3
(k – 5600) : k o"kks± C.I.
dk vkSjS.I. ds chp dk varj 3792 #i;s gSA rks
k + k – 5600 = 77600 k = 41600 ewy/u Kkr djsaA

r
Savings of X = 41600 – 5600 = Rs.36000 (a) Rs.31250 (b) Rs.62500
45% = 36000 (c) Rs.39062.50 (d) Rs.46875

si
income % X = Rs. 80,000 HINTS: We know,
income % Y = 144000 – 80,000 = 64000

an by
2
 R  300 + R
Expenditure of Y = 64000 – 41600 = 22400 C.I - S.I. = P  ×
100  100

n
22400
=  100 = 35% 2
64000  16  316
 3792 = P  ×
v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 8 gksuk pkfg,A 100  100

ja
R s
fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ
(d) dk vadh; ;ksx 8 gSA Operate on digit sum
a th
Ex. The compound interest on a certain sum of money
37
in one year is Rs.6860 and on second year is Rs.7840. 3 = P × 4 × 1 P = =3
Find compound interest in fourth year. 47

fdlh fuf'pr /ujkf'k ij 1 o"kZ ckn pØo`f¼ C;kt 6860 #i;s vFkkZr~
answer (mÙkj)dk vadh; ;ksx 3 gksuk pkfg,A
ty a

gSA nwljs o"kZ 7840 #i;s gS] PkkSFks o"kZ pØo`f¼ C;kt Kkr dhft,A
fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ
(d) dk vadh; ;ksx 3 gSA
(a) Rs.10240 (b) Rs.11340 Ex. Find the mean height of the persons from the following
di M

(c) Rs.10780 (d) Rs.9850 data.

HINTS: fuEufyf[kr vk¡dM+ksa ls O;fDr;ksa dh ekè; Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft,A
(7840 – 6860) 2
R=  100 = 14 %
6860 7 Height (cm) Number of person
8 8 120 3
4th year CI = 7840 × 
7 7 130 4
Digit sum of above multiplication is 7. In the given 140 5
options, (a) & (c) have digit sum 7. But the product
150 6
is also a multiple of 8, hence option (c) eliminated.
160 2
1
Ex. If the average marks of of a class is 77% and that
5 (a) 150 cm (b) 145 cm
A

1 (c) 160 cm (d) 140 cm

of of the class is 85% and the average marks of HINTS:
4
the rest of the class is 52%. Find the average marks (3 ×120) + (4 ×130) + (5 ×140) + (6 ×150) + (2  160)
of the whole class? Mean =
20
1 1 Operate on digit sum
fdlh d{kk ds 5 Hkkx dk vkSlr vad 77» vkSj d{kk ds
4
0  7  7  0  5 1 5
Hkkx dk vkSlr vad 85» rFkk 'ks"k d{kk dk vkSlr vad 52» = =5
2 25
gSA laiw.kZ d{kk dk vkSlr vad Kkr dhft,A
(a) 57.75% (b) 65.25% v FkkZr~
answer ( mÙkj) dk vadh; ;ksx 5 gksuk pkfg,A
(c) 68.55% (d) 43.50% fn, x, fodYiksa esa fliQZ
(d) dk vadh; ;ksx 5 gSA

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99
 Digital Sum

5. Perfect Square/Square Root/iw.kZ oxZ@oxZewy6. Perfect Cube/Cube Root/iw.kZ ?ku@?kuewy

The digit sum of the square root as multiplied by itself The digit sum of the cube root when multiplied by itself
should equal to the digit-sum of the square. should equal to the digit-sum of the cube.
?kuewy ds vadksa dk ;ksx Lo;a ls xq.kk djus ij ?ku ds vad&;ksx ds
oxZewy ds vadksa ds ;ksx dks Lo;a ls xq.kk djus ij oxZ ds vad&;ksx
ds cjkcj gksuk pkfg,A cjkcj gksuk pkfg,A
Ex. Verify whether 2197 is the cube of 13.
Ex. Verify whether 23 is the square root of 529.
lR;kfir djsa fd D;k 23] 529 dk oxZewy gSA lR;kfir djsa fd D;k 2197] 13 dk ?ku gSA
HINTS:
HINTS:
The digit sum of 13 is 4. 4 multiplied by itself and
The digit sum of 23 is 5 and when 5 is multiplied by again by itself is 64. The digit-sum of 64 is 1 and the
itself the answer is 25. The digit sum of 25 is 7 and digit-sum of 2197 is also 1.
the digit-sum of 529 is also 7.
Ex. The cube root of 3375 equal to:
Note: (i) A number cannot be a perfect square if its
digit sum is other than 1, 4, 7 or 9.
3375 dk ?kuewy cjkcj gS%
(a) 35 (b) 25
dksbZ la[;k iw.kZ oxZ ugha gks ldrh ;fn mldk vadh; ;ksx 1] 4] 7
(c) 55 (d) 15
;k 9 ds vykok vU; dqN Hkh gksA

r
HINTS:
(ii) A number cannot be a perfect square if its unit

si
Digit sum of 3375 = 9
digit is other than 1, 4, 5, 6 or 9.
fn, x, fodYiks esa ls ge ;gcheck djuk gksxk dh dkSu ls
dksbZ la[;k iw.kZ oxZ ugha gks ldrh ;fn mldk bdkbZ vad 1]

an by
fodYi ds vadh; ;ksx ds ?ku dk vadh; ;ksx 9 gSA(d)
fodYi
dk
4] 5] 6 ;k 9 ds vykok vU; dqN Hkh gksA
vadh; ;ksx 6 gS ftlds ?ku 216 dk vadh; ;ksx Hkh 9 gS vr%
Ex. Which one of the following is a perfect square?

n
fodYi (d) lgh mÙkj gSA
fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu lk ,d iw.kZ oxZ gS\ Ex. (14)3 = ?

ja
(a) 6250.49 R s (b) 1250.49 (a) 2544 (b) 2644
(c) 5768.28 (d) 1354.24 (c) 2744 (d) 2844
a th
HINTS: HINTS:
Option (c) dk bdkbZ vad 8 gS blfy, ;g iw.kZ oxZ ugha gks ldrkDigit sum of (14)3 = (1 + 4)3 = 8
gSAOption (a), (b) & (c) ds vadh; ;ksx Øe'k% 8] 3 rFkk 1 gSA fn, x, fodYiks esa fliQZ fodYi (c) dk vadh; ;ksx 8 gS vr%
blfy, Option (d) iw.kZ oxZ gSA ;gh lgh mÙkj gSA
ty a

Ex. Which one of the following is a perfect square? Ex. Find the value of the following expression.
fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu lk ,d iw.kZ oxZ gS\ fuEufyf[kr O;atd dk eku Kkr djsaA
di M

(a) 2361.96 (b) 2758.28 123 +(–8)3 + (–4)3

(c) 7256.84 (d) 6250.49 (a) 952 (b) 1152
(c) 1052 (d) 852
Option (b) dk bdkbZ vad 8 gS blfy, ;g iw.kZ oxZ ugha gks ldrk
HINTS:
gSAOption (a), (c) & (d) ds vadh; ;ksx Øe'k% 9] 5 rFkk 8 gSA
Digit sum of [123 +(–8)3 + (–4)3] = 9 – 8 – 1 = 0/9
blfy, Option (a) iw.kZ oxZ gSA
Ex. The sum of three consecutive odd natural number
fn, x, fodYiks esa fliQZ fodYi(d) dk vadh; ;ksx 9 gS vr%
is 375. Find the square of the smallest of these number ;gh lgh mÙkj gSA
is? Digital sum concept es fuiq.krk gkfly djus ds fy, vkidksa
rhu yxkrkj fo"ke izkÑfrd la[;kvksa dk ;ksx 375 gSA buesablsls vf/d ls vf/d iz'uksa esa Apply djus dh dksf'k'k djuh
lcls NksVh la[;k dk oxZ Kkr dhft,\ gksxhA ftlds ckn vki tfVy
Calculations ls cprs gq,Wrong
dks djds lgh mÙkj rd fcuk le; xok;sa
A

(a) 15129 (b) 1309 options eliminate

(c) 15128 (d) 15245

igq¡p ldrs gSA
HINTS: Important Observations/egRoiw.kZ voyksdu
Let the number be x – 2, x, x + 2 While solving multiple choice questions. In the final
 Sum = 3x = 375  x = 125 step of calculations sometimes one eliminate the wrong
options by following some of the procedures given
Hence, Smallest number = x – 2 = 125 – 2 = 123 below.
We have to find the value of 123²
cgqfodYih; ç'uksa dks gy djrs le; x.kuk ds vafre pj.k esa
Digit sum of (123)2 = (1 + 2 + 3)2 = 9 dHkh&dHkh uhps nh xbZ dqN çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djds xyr
fn, x, fodYiksa esa
(a) dk gh digit sum 9 gSaA fodYiksa dks gVk tk tkrk gSA

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10
 Digital Sum

 Digital sum ds ckn ge vkidks ,d vkSjTool, 'Applicability Ex. A hall of 35m × 25m × 5m is to be painted. It has 3
of divisibility rule of prime number' nsus tk jgsa gS ftldk windows on its three walls of 1.7m × 1.2m. The cost
of the painting of the wall is Rs. 12 per square meter
mi;ksx djrs gq, vkiWrong options dkselmininate djds the cost of the painting of the ceiling is Rs. 18 per
lgh mÙkj rd igqp ldrs gSA square meter and the cost of the painting of the
tc dHkh Hkh fdlh
Multiplication Process esa dksbZ
Prime window is Rs. 15 per square meter. Find the total cost
number vFkokPrime Number dk Multiple fn[ks rks xq.kuiQy of the painting of the hall.
Hkh mlhPrime number dk Multiple gksxkA fn, options
x, 35 eh × 25 eh × 5 eh vk;ke ds ,d gkWy dh jaxkbZ dh tkuh
esa mlPrime Number dh divisibility check djsaA gSA blesa rhu nhokjksa ij×1-7
1-2eheh vk;ke dh 3 f•M+fd;ka
Ex. An arc of length 23.1 cm subtends an 18° angle at gSaA nhokj dh jaxkbZ dh ykxr 12 #- çfr oxZ ehVj gS] Nr dh jaxkbZ
the centre. What is the area of the circle? dh ykxr 18 #- çfr oxZ ehVj gS vkSj f•M+dh dh jaxkbZ dh ykxr
23.1 cm yack ,d pki o`Ùk ds dsanz ij dk dks.k varfjr djrk
18° 15 #- çfr oxZ ehVj gSA gkWy dh jaxkbZ dh dqy ykxr Kkr dhft,A
gSA ml o`Ùk dk {ks=kiQy fdruk gS\ (a) Rs. 24998.06 (b) Rs. 23968.60
22 (c) Rs. 22978.60 (d) Rs. 22968.36
[Use   ]
7 HINTS:
(a) 16978.50 cm² (b) 16988.50 cm² Total cost of the painting of the hall =

r
(c) 16878.50 cm² (d) 16798.50 cm²
Area of walls × 12 + area of ceiling × 18 + area of win-
HINTS:
dow × 15

si
Area of circle = r²
12, 18 rFkk15 rhuksa prime
gh number 3 ds multiple gS
22
dk iz;ksx djus dk vFkZ gS fd vafre mÙkj vFkkZr~ vafre mÙkj Hkh 3 ls gksxkA fn, x, fodYiksa esa

an by
 prime number divisible
7
(d) gh 3 ls divisible gSA
11 ls divisible gksxkA

n
Ex. What amount a man would have received on a principal
fn, x, fodYiksa esa
(a) gh 11 ls divisible gSA of ` 7, 500 after two years at simple Interest at the rate
Ex. On the marked price of Rs.1,250 of an article, three of 7 percent per annum?

ja
successive discounts of 5%, 15% and 20% are offered.
R s ,d O;fDr dks 7500 :i;s ds ewy/u ij 2 o"kZ ckn 7 izfr'kr okf"kZd
What will be the selling price (in Rs.) after all discounts? lk/kj.k C;kt nj ls fdruh /ujkf'k izkIr gksxh\
fdlh oLrq ds vafdr ewY; 1]250 #i;s ij] 5»] 15» vkSj 20» dh (a) Rs. 8,400
a th
(b) Rs. 8,550
Øfed NwV nh tkrh gSA lHkh NwVksa ds ckn foØ; ewY; (#i;s esa)(c)
KkrRs.
djsaA
7,600 (d) Rs. 7,400
(a) 1,000 (b) 807.50 HINTS:
(c) 975.75 (d) 950.25 bl iz'u esa gesa 114» dk eku Kkr djuk gSA 114 19vFkkZr~
× 6, lgh
ty a

HINTS: mÙkj 19 dk ,dmultiple gksxkA option (b) rFkk(c) nksuksa gh 19 ds

19 17 4 multiple gS ijUrq lgh mÙkj 6 vFkok 3 dk Hkh gksuk
multiple
pkfg,Aoption (b) gh 3 dk multiple gSA
di M

SP = 1250 ×   = Rs.807.5
20 20 5
 vc ge vkidks option elimination esa mi;ksxh ,d vkSj Tool,
pwafd 17 rFkk prime
19 number gS blfy, xq.kuiQy Hkh 17
'Applicability of unit digit' ds ckjs esa crk jgsa gSA ftldk mi;ksx
vFkok 19 lsdivisible gksxkAfn, x, fodYiksa esa (b)
ls gh
djrs gq, vki Wrong options dkselmininate djds lgh mÙkj
17 vFkok 19 lsdivisible gSA
Ex. In an assembly election, a candidate got 60% of the
rd igqp ldrs gSA
total valid votes. 2% of the total votes were declared ;fn fn, x, fodYiksa dsunit digit vyx&vyx gks rks final cal-
invalid. If the total number of voters is 1,50,000, then culation djrs le; gesa unit digit ij gh operate djuk pkfg,A
find the number of valid votes polled in favor of that Ex. The cube of the difference between two given natural
candidate. numbers is 1728, while the product of these two given
,d fo/kulHkk pquko esa] ,d mEehnokj dks dqy oS/ erksa dk
numbers is 108. Find the sum of the cubes of these
60» izkIr gqvkA dqy erksa dk 2» dks voS/ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
two given numbers.
;fn ernkrkvksa dh dqy la[;k 1]50]000 gS rks ml mEehnokj nh
ds xbZ nks çkÑfrd la[;kvksa ds varj dk ?ku 1728 gS] tcfd nh xbZ
A

i{k esa Mkys x, oS/ erksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A bu nksuksa la[;kvksa dk xq.kuiQy 108 gSA nh xbZ bu nksuksa la[;kv
(a) 90,000 (b) 78,000 ?kuksa dk ;ksx Kkr djsaA
(c) 86,400 (d) 88,200 (a) 6048 (b) 5616
HINTS: (c) 6024 (d) 5832
Required no. of votes HINTS:
98 3 a – b = 12 and a.b = 108 a = 18, b = 6
= 1,50,000 × 
100 5 We have to find the value of (18³ + 6³)
pwafd 98] 7 dkmultiple gS vkSj ;gDr ls cancel out Hkh ugha Here, no need of doing complete multiplication, just
operate on unit digit (2 + 6 = 8), only option (a)
gksxk blfy, xq.kuiQy Hkhmultiple
7 dk vFkok 7 lsdivisible satisfied.
gksxkA
fn, x, fodYiksa esa(d)
ls gh 7 ls divisible gSA

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 Digital Sum

Ex. Marked price of an article is Rs. 28000. It can be Ex. If the volume of a sphere is 24,416.64 cm³, find its
sold at one of the following ways: surface area (take  = 3.14) correct to two places of
decimal.
,d oLrq dk vafdr ewY; #i;s 28000 gSA bls fuEufyf[kr esa ls
;fn ,d xksys dk vk;ru 24]416-64 cm³ gS] rks bldk i`"Bh;
fdlh ,d rjhds esa cspk tk ldrk gS% {ks=kiQy Kkr dhft, tks n'keyo ds nks LFkkuksa rd lgh gks A
Way A : A single discount of 24 percent. (  = 3-14 yhft,)
rjhdk A : 24 izfr'kr dh ,dy NwV ij (a) 3069.55 cm² (b) 4069.44 cm²
(c) 5069.66 cm² (d) 6069.67 cm²
Way B : Two successive discounts of 16 percent and HINTS:
10 percent.
4 3
r = 24416.64 r³ = 5832  r = 18
rjhdkB : 16 izfr'krrFkk 10izfr'krdh nks Øfed NwV ij 3
Now, 4r² = 4 × 3.14 × 18 × 18
Which way will have lowest selling price and what
Don't multiply, just operate on unit digits which gives
will be the value of it? 4 as unit digit of answer. Only option (b) has unit digit 4.
fdl rjhds esa foØ; ewY; U;wure gksxk rFkk mldk eku D;k gS\
Ex. 4 women and 7 men earn a total of Rs. 11,480 in 7 days,
while 10 women and 17 men earn a total of Rs. 36,360 in
(a) Way B, Rs.21168 (b) Way B, Rs.21280 9 days. How much will 11 women and 9 men together

r
(c) Way A, Rs.21168 (d) Way A, Rs.21280 earn (in Rs.) in 13 days?
4 efgyk,a vkSj 7 iq#"k 7 fnu esa oqQy 11480 dekrs gSa] tcfd 10

si
HINTS:
WAY A: efgyk,a vkSj 17 iq#"k 9 fnu esa oqQy 36360 #i;s dekrs gSaA 11 efgyk,a
vkSj 9 iq#"k feydj 13 fnu esa fdruk (#- esa) dek,axs \

an by
Discount = 24%
(a) 42770 (b) 42640
WAY B:

n
(c) 42510 (d) 42900
16 ×10  HINTS:

Discount = 16 +10 –  % = 24.4% (4w  7m)  7 (10w  17m)  9

ja
100 
R s 
11480 36360
Lowest selling price means highest discount. m 3
a th
after solving we get, 
WAY B Lowest S.P. w 5
(4w  7m)  7 (11w  9m)  13

75.6 11480 x
S.P. = 28000 ×
100 41  7 82  13
ty a

   x = 40 × 82 × 13 = 42640
11480 x
Don't multiply, just check the unit digits of option
In the last step don't multiply, just operate on unit
di M

(a) and (b). Only option (a) has unit digit 8. digits which gives 4 as non-zero number from right.
Only option (b) satisfied.


A

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 Salient features of the Book
01. Arithmetic is majorily covered through
concepts not by Formulae.
02. Advanced Maths: Focus is only on relevant
content.
03. Multicoloured 2D & 3D diagrams with visual
effects makes learning easy.
04. CLASSNOTES - CALCULATION -FORMULAE
3 IN 1 BOOK
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Thief Police concept, Circular Motion, Race,
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07. Concept of Digital Sum & many other option
elimination techniques with solved examples.
08. A large no. of *NOTE* are added to explain
the concept in hinglish language to make it
understood easily.
9. Exhaustive coverage: keeping CET & Other
reforms in mind.
10. All the Types & Concepts with multiple
solved examples.
11. Observing the recent exams, for the most
repetetive questions template question
(Generalized form) are added in advanced
maths.

OFFER PRICE Rs. 180

 Who Should Buy This Book
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4. Those who have any Book or any
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 Percentage

PERCENTAGE
12
izfr'krrk
Percentage/izfr'kr%Percentage refers to " Per hundred" (135 – 99) 2
= 100% = 26 %
37 135 3
i.e., 37% means 37 out of hundred or . Percentage This can also be solved by taking ratios:
100
is denoted by '%'. 99 : 135
Simplified form :
izfr'kr dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ¶izfr lkS¸ ls gS vFkkZr 37» dk eryc lkS
11 : 15
37 – 4
esa ls 37 ;k100 gSA izfr'kr dks ^»* ls n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA

r
4 2
  100  26 %

si
In other words, it can be said that 'percentage is that 15 3
fraction whose every denominator is 100 and fraction Ex. 24 is what percent more than 20
is any fixed amount, this fixed amount is called per

an by
(24 – 20)
hundred.   100  20%
20
nwljs 'kCnksa esa bls dgk tk ldrk gS fd izfr'kr og va'k gS ftldkThis can also be solved by taking ratios:

n
izR;sd gj 100 vkSj fHkUu dksbZ fuf'pr jkf'k gksrh gS] ;g fuf'pr 24 : 20
jkf'k izfr lSdM+k dgykrh gSA

ja
R s Simplified form :
P 19 6 : 5
tSlsP% = 100 rFkk19% = 100 + 1
a th
Basic Concepts /ewyHkwr fl¼kUr 
1
 100  20%
5
(i) If you have to find the y% of a number x then,
x y
ty a

;fn vkidks fdlh la[;kx dk y% Kkr djuk gks rks] (iv) x% of y = y% of x  ×y= ×x
100 100
y
di M

y% of x = x  Ex. 10% of 20 = 20% of 10

100
10 20
30 20 × = 10 ×
tSls&600 dk 30% = 600  100 = 180 100 100

(ii) If x is to be expressed as percentage of y, then required 2 = 2

percentage (v) (p + q)% of x = p% of x + q% of x.
;fn fdlh ,d jkf'k x dks jkf'k
y ds izfr'kr ds :i esa O;Dr djuk Ex. Find 111% of 500
x (100% + 10% + 1%) of 500
gS] rc vHkh"V izfr'kr
=
y
× 100% = 100% of 500 + 10% of 500 + 1% of 500
= 500 + 50 + 5 = 555.
40
Ex. 40 kg is what % of 160 kg  × 100 = 25% (vi) If a fraction is to be converted into a percentage,
160
multiply the fraction by 100 and put a '%' sign.
A

Ex. 180 is what % of 125

;fn fdlh fHkUu dks izfr'kr esa cnyuk gks rks fHkUu dks 100 ls xq.kk
180
 × 100% = 144% 4 4
125 djds % dk fpUg yxk nsrs gS]5tSls
= × 100% = 80%
(iii) If you have to find x is what % less or more than y, 5
then (vii) To convert a percentage to a fraction or decmial
;fn vkidks ;g irk yxkuk gS fd
x] y ls fdruk » de ;k vf/d fraction: Remove the % sign and divide by 100.
gS] rks fdlh izfr'kr dks fHkUu ;k n'keyo fHkUu esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy,
(y – x ) » dk fpUg gVkdj 100 ls Hkkx dj nsrs gSaA
Required % =  100%
y 10
tSls&10% = 100 = 0.1
Ex: 99 is what % less than 135

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 Percentage

Fraction to Percentage Conversion Derived fraction from base fractions

(fHkUu ls izfr'kr :ikarj.k) (vk/kj fHkUu ls O;qRiUu fHkUu)
Fraction Percentage Decimal
1 100% 100% 1
  25%
4
1
50% 50%  3
2
3
1 1  75%
33 % 33.33% 4
3 3
1 1 1 2 2
25% 25%   33 % , = 66 %
4 3 3 3 3
1
20% 20% 1 2 3 4
5   20 %, = 40%, = 60%, = 80%
5 5 5 5
1 2
16 % 16.66%
6 3 1 2 5 2 1

r
  16 % ,  5  16 %  83 %
1 2 6 3 6 3 3
14 % 14.28%

si
7 7
1 2 2 4 4 1 5 3
1 1   14 % , = 28 % ,  57 % ,  71 %
12 % 12.5% 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

an by
8 2
1 1 1 2 6 1 2 5
'OR'  14 % ,  1 –  100% – 14 %  85 %

n
11 % 11.11% 7 7 7 7 7 7
9 9
1 1 1 3 1 5 1

ja
10% 10%   12 % , = 37 %, = 62 %,
10 R s 8 2 8 2 8 2
1 1
a th
9 % 9.09% 7 1 1 1
11 11 'OR' = 1 – = 100% – 12 % = 87 %
8 8 2 2
1 1
8 % 8.33%
12 3 1 1 2 2 4 4 5 5
  11 % , = 22 % , = 44 %,  55 % ,
ty a

1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
7 % 7.69%
13 13
7 7
di M

1 1 = 77 %
7 % 7.14% 9 9
14 7
1 2 8 1 1 8
'OR'  1 – = 100% – 11 % = 88 %
6 % 6.66% 9 9 9 9
15 3
1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 7 7
6 % 6.25%  9 %, = 18 % , = 45 %, = 63 %,
16 4 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
1 15 10 10
5 % 5.88% = 90 %
17 17 11 11
1 5
5 % 5.55% 1 2 11 2 1
18 9 6 %,  11  6 %  73 %

15 3 15 3 3
1 5
A

5 % 5.26%
19 19 1 1 11 1 3
 6 %,  11  6 %  68 %
1 16 4 16 4 4
5% 5%
20
1 1 1 1 17 1 5
1 1  4 %, 2 %,  17  2 %  35 %
4 % 4.16% 24 6 48 12 48 12 12
24 6
1 1 1 13 1 1
 6 %,  13  6 %  81 %
4% 4% 16 4 16 4 4
25
1 1 13 3 3 1
2 % 2.5% 'OR' 1–  100% – 18 %  81 %
40 2 16 16 4 4

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 Percentage

Important points/ egRoiw.kZ fcanq Important Concepts/ egRoiw.kZ fl¼kUr

(i) When x is increased by x%, total value will be- CONCEPT-01
tc x dksx% ls c<+k;k tkrk gS rc dqy eku& (Successive Percentage Change
10 + 10 × 10% = 10.100 = 11.00% Øfed çfr'kr ifjorZu )
20 + 20 × 20% = 20.400 = 24.00% When two or more percentage changes are applied to
a quantity consecutively, the percentage change is
30 + 30 × 30% = 30.900 = 39.00% called a “successive percentage change.” Here, the
final change is not the simple addition of two or more
40 + 40 × 40% = 40.1600 = 56.00% percentages. In a successive percentage change, a
quantity is changed by some percentage, and the
50 + 50 × 50% = 50.2500 = 75.00%
obtained new quantity is changed by another
60 + 60 × 60% = 60.3600 = 96.00% percentage, i.e., both the percentages are not applied
to the same actual value.
70 + 70 × 70% = 70.4900 = 119.00% tc fdlh ek=kk esa nks ;k nks ls vf/d Øekxr çfr'kr ifjorZu gksrs gSa]
80 + 80 × 80% = 80.6400 = 144.00% rks çfr'kr ifjorZu dks ¶Øfed çfr'kr ifjorZu¸ dgk tkrk gSA ;gka]

r
Note: x.x2 vFkkZr~ ge igys
x fy[ksxsa fiQj
decimal yxk ds nh
vafre ifjorZu nks ;k nks ls vf/d çfr'krksa dk lk/kj.k tksM+ ugha gSA
Øfed çfr'kr ifjorZu esa] ,d ek=kk dks dqN çfr'kr ls cny fn;k

si
xbZla[;k dk oxZ fy[ksxsaAx2 ;fn
3 ;k 4 digit dk gS rks mlds
2
tkrk gS] vkSj çkIr ubZ ek=kk dks nwljs çfr'kr ls cny fn;k tkrk gS]
digit decimal ds right esa jgsxsa vkSjdecimal
ckdh ds left ;kuh] nksuksa çfr'kr ,d gh okLrfod ewY; ij ykxw ugha gksrs gSaA

an by
vFkkZr~
x dkscarry ns nsxsaA (i) If a number is increased by a% and then it is decreased
by b%, then resultant change in percentage will

n
(ii) When x is decreased by x%, total value will be-
tc x dksx% ls ?kVk;k tkrk gS rc dqy eku&  ab 
be  a – b – %

ja
 100 
10 – 10 × 10% = 9 R s
20 – 20 × 20% = 16 ;fn fdlh la[;k esaa% dh o`f¼ dh tkrh gS vkSj fiQj
b%blsls ?kVk
a th
30 – 30 × 30% = 21  ab 
fn;k tkrk gS] rks izfr'kr esa ifj.kkeh ifjorZu
a–b–  % gksxk
100 
40 – 40 × 40% = 24
50 – 50 × 50% = 25 (Negative sign for decrease, Positive sign for increase)
ty a

60 – 60 × 60% = 24 (?kVus ds fy, Í.kkRed] o`f¼ ds fy, èkukRed)

(ii) If a number is decreased by a% and then it is increased
70 – 70 × 70% = 21
di M

by b%, then net increase or decrease percent is

80 – 80 × 80% = 16
;fn fdlh la[;k esaa% dh deh dh tkrh gS vkSj fiQjb%
bls ls c<+k
90 – 90 × 90% = 9 fn;k tkrk gS] rks 'kq¼ o`f¼ ;k deh izfr'kr gS
100 – 100 × 100% = 0
 ab 
pq pq  –a  b – %
(iii) (a) pq.pqpq...% = 100 – 1  99 100 

23 (Negative sign for decrease, Positive sign for increase)

Ex. 23.23% = (iii) If a number is first decreased by a% and then by b%,
99
18 2 then net decrease percent is
18.18% = 
99 11 ;fn fdlh la[;k esa igysa% vkSj fiQj
b% dh deh dh tkrh gS] rks
pq pq 'kq¼ deh izfr'kr gSA
(b) pq.2pq% = 100 – 2  98
A

 ab 
28 2

 –a – b   % (–ve sign for decrease)/(–ve
100 
ladsr deh
Ex. 28.57% =
98 7
33 ds fy,)
33.66% = (iv) If a number is first increased by a% and again
98
pq pq increased by b%, then total increase percent is
(c) pq.3pq% = 100 – 3  97 ;fn fdlh la[;k esa igysa% dh o`f¼ dh tkrh gS vkSj b%
fiQjdh
14 o`f¼ dh tkrh gS] rks oqQy o`f¼ izfr'kr gS
Ex. 14.42% =
97
 ab 
11  a  b  %
11.33% = 100 
97

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 Percentage

Note/è;ku nsa 3 varriable ds iz'uksa2esa

varriable formula 2 times apply
1%, 2%, 4%, 7% .... dj ldrs gS vFkokRatio Method mi;ksx djsa
(Apply Successive Method) 1 3 –1
Types of percentage 20% = 30% = & 50% =
5 10 2
1 1 2 L 5 6
11 %,12 ,16 %....
9 2 3
B  10 13
(Apply Ratio Method)
H 2 1
Ex. Length and breadth of a rectangle are increased by
V = LBH  100 78
10% and 20% respectively. What will be the percentage –22
increase in the area of rectangle?
22
,d vk;r dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ 10» rFkk 20» rd c<+ tkrh%gSA
decrease =  100 = 22%
100
blds {ks=kiQy esa izfr'kr o`f¼ Kkr dhft,\
Ex. A number is first increased by 40% and then
HINTS: decreased by 25%, again increased by 15% and then
By Successive percentage formula decreased by 20%. What is the net increase or decrease
percent in the number?
10  20 ,d la[;k esa igys 40» dh o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj fiQj 25» dh deh gqbZ]

r
%increase = 10 + 20 + = 32%
100 fiQj ls 15» dh o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj fiQj 20» dh deh gqbZA la[;k esa
dqy o`f¼ ;k deh ds izfr'kr dks Kkr djsaA

si
By Ratio Method

1 1 HINTS:

an by
10% = and 20% =
10 5 bl izdkj ds iz'uksa
dkssuccessive percentage ds formulae
ls solve djuk lengthy gksrk gS blfy,
ratio method dk iz;ksx

n
L : 10 11
B : 5 6 djsaA

ja
Area = L × B R s50 66 2 –1 3 –1
 40% = , 25% = , 15% = , 20% =
25 33 5 4 20 5
+8
a th
8 5 : 7
% increase   100  32% 4 : 3
25
20 : 23
1
Ex. Base of a triangle is increased by 33 % and its height 5 : 4
ty a

3
500 : 483
2
is reduced by 16 % . Find the percentage change in area
di M

3 17
% decrease =  100% = 3.4%
of triangle? 500
1 2 CONCEPT-02
f=kHkqt dk vk/kj
33 % c<+ tkrk gS vkSj bldh mQapkbZ
3
16 % de
3
(Series Method)
gks tkrh gSAf=kHkqt
rc ds {ks=kiQy esa izfr'kr ifjorZu Kkr dhft,\
HINTS: Series method dk iz;ksx ge rc djrs gS tc fdlh initial
If the given % value is mixed fraction, apply ratio value esasuccessive ifjorZu djds dksbZ
final value izkIr djrs
approach gS]initial vFkokfinal esa ls dksbZvalue
,d nh xbZ gksrh gS vkSj
33
1
%
1 2
, 16 % 
–1 nwljh iwNh tkrh gSA
3 3 3 6
Ex. The population of a city is 25000. If it is increasing at
B : 3 4 the rate of 10% every year. Then population of city
A

H : 6 5 after two year is?

Area =
1
B× H  18 20 ,d 'kgj dh tula[;k 25000 gSA ;fn ;g izfr o"kZ 10» dh nj ls
2  9 10 c<+ jgk gS rks nks lky ckn 'kgj dh vkcknh D;k gksxh\
+1
HINTS:
1 1
 100  11 %
9 9 1 11
10% = +=
Ex. Length of cuboid is increased by 20%, breadth is 10 10
increase by 30% and height is decreased by 50%. Find Population after 2 year
effect on volume.
?kukHk dh yackbZ 20» c<+ tkrh gS] pkSM+kbZ 30» c<+ tkrh gS vkSj mQapkbZ
11 11
= 25000 ×  = 30250
50» rd de gks tkrh gSA vk;ru ij izHkko iM+rk gSA 10 10

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 Percentage

Ex. When a number is successively decreased by 25 CONCEPT-04

percent, 40 percent and 20 percent, then it becomes
32,904. what is the number? (Applicaiton of AB-rule)
tc fdlh la[;k esa Øe'k% 25 izfr'kr] 40 izfr'kr vkSj 20 Study the below statements carefully.
izfr'kr dh deh dh tkrh gS] rks ;g 32]904 gks tkrh gSA og uhps fn, x, dFkuksa dks è;ku iwoZd i<+saA
la[;k dkSu&lh gS\ If the cost of an article is increased by A%, then how
much to decrease the consumption of article, so that
HINTS: expenditure remains same is given by

–1 3 –2 3 –1 4 ;fn fdlh oLrq dh dher esa

A% dh o`f¼ dh tkrh gS] rks oLrq dh
25%= = , 40% = = , 20% = 5 =
4 4 5 5 5 [kir dks fdruk de fd;k tk,] rkfd O;; leku jgs
'OR'
3 3 4
If the income of a man is A% more than another man,
N× × × = 32904
4 5 5 then income of another man is less in comparison to
N = 91400 the 1st man by
;fn ,d vkneh dh vk; nwljs vkneh dh rqyukA%
esavfèkd gS] rks

r
Ex. A geek gave 40% of his retirement money to his wife. nwljs vkneh dh vk; igys vkneh dh rqyuk esa fdruh de gS\

si
He also gave 20 % of the remaining amount to each of If the cost of an article is decreased by A%, then the
his 3 sons. 50 % of the amount now left was spent on increase in consumption of article to maintain the

an by
miscellaneous items and the remaining amount of Rs. expenditure will be?
1,20,000 was deposited in the bank. How much money
;fn fdlh oLrq dh ykxr esa A% dh deh dh tkrh gS] rks O;; dks

n
did the geek get as retirement money?
cuk, j[kus ds fy, oLrq dh [kir esa o`f¼ gksxh\
,d ew•Z us viuh lsokfuo`fÙk ds iSls dk 40» viuh iRuh dks ns

ja
'OR'
fn;kA mlus 'ks"k jkf'k dk 20» vius 3 iq=kksa esa ls çR;sd dksIf fn;kA
R s 'x' is A% less than 'y'. then y is what % more than 'x' by
vc cph gqbZ jkf'k dk 50» fofo/ enksa ij •pZ fd;k x;k vkSj 'ks"k
Required% = (increase)
a th
1]20]000 #i;s dh jkf'k cSad esa tek dj nh xbZA ew•Z dks lsokfuo`fÙk
jkf'k ds :i esa fdruk iSlk feyk\ ;fn 'x', 'y' ls A% de gSA rks y 'x' ls fdrus izfr'kr vfèkd gSA
In such kinds of questions, apply AB - Rule.
HINTS:
bl izdkj ds iz'uksaAB
esa- Rule dk iz;ksx djsaA
ty a

Let geek get Rs.x as retirement money.

Ex. A's income is 25% more than income of B. Income of
di M

3 2 1 B is how much percent less than income of A?

x × × × = 1,20,000
5 5 2
A dh vk; B dh vk; ls 25» vf/d gSAB dh vk; A dh vk;
x = 10,00000 ls fdrus izfr'kr de gS\
CONCEPT-03 HINTS:
If a number is increased by x% and then it is reduced
same
by x% again, then percentage change will be a decrease
opposite
1 –1
sum

x2 25%    100
of %. 4 5
100

;fn dksbZ la[;k

x% c<+kbZ tkrh gS vkSj
x%fiQj
?kVk;h tkrh gS] rks Income of B is 20% less than A.
2
Ex. Rita's Income is 15% less than Richa's income. By
A

x
izfr'kr cnyko (deh) gksxk % what percent is Richa's income more than Rita's
100
income.
Ex. X's salary is increased by 20% and then decreased by
20%. What is the change in salary? jhrk dh vk; ½pk dh vk; ls 15» de gSA ½pk dh vk; jhrk
dhesa
X ds osru esa 20» dh o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj fiQj 20» dh deh gqbZ] osru vk; ls fdrus çfr'kr vf/d gS\
D;k ifjorZu gqvk\ HINTS:
HINTS: same
opposite
x2 3
sum

20  20 –3 300
% = 4% decrease 15%    100  %
100 100 20 17 17

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 Percentage

Ex. Due to fall in manpower, the production in a company (iii) New quantity which can be purchased in Rs.360
decrease by 35%. By what percentage should the
working hours be increased to restore the original oLrq dh og ubZ ek=kk tks 360 :i;s esa [kjhnh tk ldrh gS
production? (iv) Initial quantity which can be purchased in Rs.360
tu'kfDr esa gqbZ deh ds dkj.k] ,d daiuh esa mRiknu esa 35»
dh deh vkrh gSA ewy mRiknu dks cgky djus ds fy, dke ds oLrq dh og izkjafHkd ek=kk tks 360 :i;s esa [kjhnh tk ldrh gS
?kaVksa dks fdruk izfr'kr rd c<+k;k tkuk pkfg,\ HINTS:
HINTS:
same –1
20% =
opposite 5
7
sum
–7
35%    100  53.85%
20 13 P 5 4
C 4 5
Ex. The price of sugar is increased by 25%. Then by how +1
much percentage the consumption decreases so that 2 kg
expenditure remains same.
phuh dh dher esa 25» dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA rks fiQj miHkksxWe
fdrus
have, 1 unit = 2 kg
çfr'kr de gks tk, rkfd O;; leku jgs\

r
HINTS: 360
 Rs.45 kg

si
(i) Initial price =
42
1 –1
25% =  100 = 20%

an by
4 5
360
(ii) Reduced price =  Rs.36 kg
CONCEPT-05 52

n
(Price, Consumption & Expenditure)
(iii) New Quantity = 5 × 2 = 10 kg
Price × consumption = Expenditure

ja
R s (iv) Initial Quantity = 4 × 2 = 8 kg
If Expenditure is constant then
Ex. The price of a commodity increases by 28% However,
1
a th
Price  the expenditure on it increases by 12%. What is the
Consumption percentage increase or decrease in its consumption?
Ex. The price of rice increases from Rs.45 per kg to Rs.63 fdlh oLrq dh dher esa 28» dh o`f¼ gksrh gS rFkkfi] mlds O;; esa
per kg. If its consumption is reduced by 20%, then
12» dh o`f¼ gksrh gS] mldh •ir esa fdrus çfr'kr o`f¼ ;k deh
ty a

by what percent does the expenditure on it increase?

pkoy dh dher 45 #i;s çfr fdyks ls c<+dj 63 #i;s çfr fdyks gks xbZ gksrh gS\
gSA ;fn bldh •ir esa 20» dh deh dj nh tk,] rks bl ij gksus okys HINTS:
di M

O;; esa fdrus çfr'kr dh o`f¼ gksxh\ 128

HINTS: –16
100
–1
20% = 112
5
Price : 45 63 16
=  100 = 12.5 decrease
or 5 7 128
cons : 5 4 Ex. When the price of an item was reduced by 20%, its
Exp. = P × C : 25 28 sales increased by x%. If there is an increase of 25%
+3 in the receipt of the revenue then the value of x is:
3
 100  12%
tc fdlh oLrq dh dher 20» de gks xbZ] rks mldh fcØh
x» c<+
A

25
Ex. The price of an item is reduced by 20%. As a result, xbZA ;fn jktLo çkfIr esa 25» dh o`f¼ gksrh
x dkgS
ekurks
gS%
customer can get 2 kg more of it for Rs.360. Find HINTS:
,d oLrq dh dher 20% de gks tkrh gSA ftlds pyrs] xzkgd 80
360 #i;s esa2 fdxzk vf/d oLrq [kjhn ldrs gSaA Kkr dhft,A
100 +45
(i) The Initial price (in Rs.) per kg of the item.
125
oLrq dk izkjafHkd ewY; (#- esa) izfr fdxzk
(ii) The reduced price (in Rs.) per kg of the item. 45
 100 = 56.25%
80
oLrq dk ?kVk gqvk ewY; (#- esa) izfr fdxzk

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 Percentage

Ex. The base of a triangle is increased by 40%. By what
percentage (correct to two decimal places) should its
height be increased so that the area increases by 60%?
,d f=kHkqt ds vk/kj esa 40» dh o`f¼ dh xbZA bldh
izfr'kr (nks n'keyo LFkkuksa rd lgh) c<+kbZ tkuh pkfg, rkfd {ks=kiQy
esa 60» dh o`f¼ gks tk,\
HINTS:
140
Ex. The monthly expenditure of a person is 40% more than
his monthly savings. If his monthly income increases by
40% and monthly expenditure increases by 60%, then
he saves Rs 2,070 more in a month. What is his initial
mQ¡pkbZ fdrus
monthly expenditure (in Rs)?
,d O;fÙkQ dk ekfld O;; mldh ekfld cpr ls 40» vf/d gSA ;fn
mldh ekfld vk; esa 40» dh o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj ekfld O;; esa 60»
dh o`f¼ gksrh gS] rks og ,d eghus esa 2]070 #i;s vf/d cpkrk gSA
mldk çkjafHkd ekfld •pZ (#i;s esa) D;k gS\
HINTS:

100 +20 Savings Exp. Income

+40%
100 140 240
160
12 +60% + 84 +40% +96
20 100 112 = 224 – 336
=  100  = 14.28%
140 7

r
2070
CONCEPT-06  140 = Rs.24150

si
12
(Income, Expenditure & Savings) CONCEPT-07

an by
Income = Expenditure + Savings
(Population Based Questions)

n
2 Ex. The total numbers of males and females in a town is
Ex. A man spends rd of his income. If his income
3 70,000. If the number of males increased by 6% and
increase by 14% and the expenditure increases by 20%, that of the females is increased by 4%, then the total

ja
R s
then the percentage increase in his savings will be
2
numbers of males and females in the town would
become 73520. What is the difference between the
,d O;fDr viuh vk; dk 3 Hkkx [kpZ djrk gSA ;fn mldh vk; esa
a th
number of males and females in the town, in the
beginning?
14» o`f¼ gks tkrh gS vkSj O;; esa 20» dh o`f¼ gks tkrh gS] rks O;fDr
dh cpr es fdrus izfr'kr o`f¼ gksxh\ ,d dLcs esa iq:"kksa vkSj efgykvksa dh dqy la[;k 70]000 gSA ;fn iq:"kksa d
la[;k esa 6» vkSj efgykvksa dh la[;k esa 4» dh o`f¼ dj nh tk,] rks dLcs
ty a

HINTS:
esa iq:"kksa vkSj efgykvksa dh dqy la[;k 73520 gks tk,xhA dLcs esa iq:"kks
Income Exp. Savings
efgykvksa dh vkjafHkd la[;k esa D;k varj gS\
di M

300 200 100

HINTS:
+14% +42 +20% +40 +2
Method-01
342 – 240 = 102 Male Female
6% 4%
2
=  100  2%
100
352
Ex. Rupa's savings are 16% of her expenditure. If her 70
savings increase by 25% and expenditure increases by
10.5%, then the percentage increase in her income is:
:ik dh cpr mlds O;; dk 16» gSA ;fn mldh cpr esa 25» dh 72 68
o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj O;; esa 10-5» dh o`f¼ gksrh gS] rks mldh18vk; : 17
esa çfr'kr o`f¼ gS% Given that, 35 unit = 70,000
A

HINTS: Then required difference,

Let Expenditure = 100 (18 – 17) unit = 2000
Exp. Savings Income Method-02
100 16 116 2% of M + 4% of M + 4% of W = 3520
+10.5% 10.5 +25% 4 +14.5
2% of M + 2800 = 3520
110.5 + 20 = 130.5 2% of M = 720

14.5  M = 36000 & W = 34000

% Increment =  100 = 12.5%
116 Difference = 2000

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 Percentage

Ex. The population of a village was 9600. In a year with ,d dkWyst esa] 200 Nk=kksa dks ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquk tkrk gSA 140
the increase in population of males by 8% and that
dks pk; ilan gS] 120 dks dkWiQh ilan gS vkSj 80 dks pk; vkSj
of females by 5%, the population of the village
becomes 10272. What was the number of males in dkWiQh nksuksa ilan gSaA
the village before increase? (i) How many students like only tea?
,d xkao dh tula[;k 9600 FkhA ,d o"kZ esa iq:"kksa dh tula[;k esa fdrus Nk=k dsoy pk; ilan djrs gSa\
8» vkSj efgykvksa dh la[;k esa 5» dh o`f¼ ds lkFk] xkao dh (ii) How many students like only coffee?
tula[;k 10272 gks tkrh gSA o`f¼ ls igys xkao esa iq:"kksa dh la[;kfdrus Nk=k dsoy dkWiQh ilan djrs gSa\
fdruh FkhA (iii) How many students like neither tea nor coffee?
HINTS: fdrus fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks u rks pk; vkSj u gh dkWiQh ilan gS\
Method-01 (iv) How many students like only one of tea or coffee?
Female
Male fdrus fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks pk; ;k dkWiQh esa ls dsoy
gS\,d gh ilan
8% 5%
(v) How many students like at least one of the
beverages?
7%
fdrus fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks de ls de ,d is; inkFkZ ilan gS\

r
HINTS:
2 : 1
The given information may be represented by the

si
9600 following Venn diagram, where T = tea and C = coffee.
Male = × 2 = 6400
3
nh xbZ tkudkjh dks fuEufyf•r osu vkjs• }kjk n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gS]

an by
Method-02 tgkaT = pk; vkSjC = dkWiQhA
5% of M + 3% of M + 5% of F = 672

n
 5% of 9600 + 3% of M = 672 T C
3% of M = 672 – 480 =192 60 80 40

ja
100% of M = 6400
R s 20
CONCEPT-08
(i) Number of students who like only tea = 60
a th
(Venn Diagram) dsoy pk; ilan djus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k ¾ 60
Venn Diagram in case of two elements
(ii) Number of students who like only coffee = 40
nks rRoksa ds ekeys esa osu vkjs• dsoy dkWiQh ilan djus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k ¾ 40
ty a

(iii) Number of students who like neither tea nor coffee

A B
= 20
di M

X Z Y
mu Nk=kksa dh la[;k tks u rks pk; vkSj u gh dkWiQh ilan djrs
W gSa ¾ 20
(iv) Number of students who like only one of tea or
Where/tgk¡ coffee = 60 + 40 = 100
X = number of elements that belong to set A only pk; ;k dkWiQh esa ls dsoy ,d dks ilan djus okys Nk=kksa dh
X= mu rRoksa dh la[;k tks dsoyAlsV
ls lacaf/r gSa la[;k ¾ 60 $ 40 ¾ 100
Y = number of elements that belong to set B only (v) Number of students who like at least one of tea or
coffee = n (only tea) + n (only coffee) + n (both tea
Y= mu rRoksa dh la[;k tks dsoyBlsV
ls lacaf/r gSa & coffee) = 60 + 40 + 80 = 180
Z = number of elements that belong to set A and B pk; ;k dkWiQh esa ls de ls de ,d ilan djus okys Nk=kksa dh
both la[;k = n(dsoy pk;) + n(dsoy dkWiQh) + n(pk; vkSj
A

Z= mu rRoksa dh la[;k tksAlsV

vkSjB nksuksa ls lacaf/r gSa dkWiQh nksuksa)
= 60 + 40 + 80 = 180
W = number of elements that belong to none of the Venn Diagram in case of three elements
sets A or B rhu rRoksa ds ekeys esa osu vkjs•
W= mu rRoksa dh la[;k tks fdlh Hkh
A ;klsV
B ls lacaf/r ugha gSa
A & B not C

Tip: Always start filling values in the Venn diagram A B

Only A
from the innermost value. A, B
Only B

and
osu vkjs• esa ges'kk varjre Hkkx ls eku Hkjuk 'kq: djsaA A& C
not B
C B&C
not A

Ex. In a college, 200 students are randomly selected. 140 W

Only C
C
like tea, 120 like coffee and 80 like both tea and coffee.

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Aditya Ranjan
Ranjan (Excise
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 Percentage

W = number of elements that belong to none of the

sets A, B and C CONCEPT-09
W= mu rRoksala[;k
dh tksfdlh HkhlsVA, B vkSjC ls lacaf/r ugha gSa (Question Based on Election)
Ex. In a class there are 120 students, 60 read Times of Ex. In an election between two candidates, one got 60% of
India, 55 read Hindu and 45 read Economic Times. If the total valid votes, 90% of the votes were valid. If the
19 students read Times of India and Hindu, 12 read total number of votes was 12000, then what was the
Hindu and Economic Times and 15 students read number of valid votes that the other candidate got?
Economic Times E and Times of India. If there are 4 nks mEehnokjksa ds chp ,d pquko esa] ,d dks dqy 60» fof/ekU; er
students who read all the three newspapers, then find: izkIr gq,] 90» er fof/ekU; FksA ;fn dqy erksa dh la[;k 12000 Fkh]
,d d{kk esa 120 Nk=k gSa] 60 VkbEl vkWiQ bafM;k i<+rs gSa] rks nwljs mEehnokj dks feys fofèkekU; erksa dh la[;k D;k Fkh\
55 fganw
i<+rs gSa vkSj 45 bdksukWfed VkbEl i<+rs gSaA ;fn 19 Nk=k HINTS: VkbEl
vkWiQ bafM;k vkSj fganw i<+rs gSa] 12 Nk=k fganw vkSj bdksukWfed
Method-1 (Chain VkbEl
Method)
i<+rs gSa vkSj 15 Nk=k bdksukWfed VkbEl vkSj VkbEl vkWiQ bafM;k i<+rs
Total Vote = 12000
gSaA ;fn 4 ,sls Nk=k gSa tks rhuksa lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa] rks Kkr dhft,%
(i) Those who read only Times of India/os tks dsoy VkbEl Valid Vote  12000 
90
 10800

r
vkWiQ bafM;k i<+rs gSa 100

(ii) Those who read only Hindu/tks dsoy fgUnw i<+rs gSa

si
W L
60% 40%
(iii) Those who read exactly one newspaper/os tks fcYdqy Number of valid votes that the other candidate got

an by
,d lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa nwljs mEehnokj dks feys oS/ oksVksa dh la[;k
(iv) Those who read at least two newspaper/os tks de 40

n
= 10800  = 4320
ls de nks lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa 100
Method-2 (Series Method)
(v) Those who read at least one newspaper/tks de ls

ja
R s
de ,d lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa
(vi) Those who read at most one newspaper/os tks
Number of valid votes that the other candidate got

90 40
a th
= 12000   = 4320
vf/dre ,d lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa 100 100
Ex. In a two-candidate election, 10% of the voters did not
(vii) Those who read Hindu but not Economic Times/
cast their ballots, 10% of the votes casted were found
os tks fganw i<+rs gSa ysfdu bdksukWfed VkbEl ugha
ty a

invalid. The winning candidate received 54% of the

HINTS: valid votes and a 1620-vote majority. Find the number
of people on the voter list who have registered to vote.
di M

T H
nks mEehnokjksa ds pquko esa] 10» ernkrkvksa us viuk er ugh
30 15 28
fn;kA fn, x, erksa esa ls 10» voS/ er ik, x,A fotsrk mEehnokj
4
11 8 dks oS/ erksa dk 54» izkIr gqvk vkSj og 1620 erksa ls fot;h
2 22 gqvkA ernkrk lwph esa mu yksxksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, ftUgksaus
E ernku djus ds fy, iathdj.k djk;k gqvk gSA
W=2 HINTS:
Method-1 (Chain Method)
(i) Those who read only Times of India/os tks dsoy VkbEl
vkWiQ bafM;k i<+rs
= 30 gSa Total Vote = 100x
–10% not voted
(ii) Those who read only Hindu/tks dsoy fgUnw i<+rs
= 28gSa
Vote Cast 90x
(iii) Those who read exactly one newspaper/os tks fcYdqy
A

–10% Invalid
,d lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa
= 30 + 28 + 22 = 80
Valid Vote 81x
(iv) Those who read at least two newspaper/os tks de
ls de nks lekpkj i=k i<+rs= gSa
15 + 11 + 8 + 4 = 38
W L
(v) Those who read at least one newspaper/tks de ls 54% 46%
de ,d lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa
= 120 – 2 = 118 8%

(vi) Those who read at most one newspaper/os tks 8

81x   1620
vf/dre ,d lekpkj i=k i<+rs gSa
= 82 100
(vii) Those who read Hindu but not Economic Times/os x = 250
tks fganw i<+rs gSa ysfdu bdksukWfed
= 28VkbEl
+ 15 = ugha
43 TV = 25000

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 Percentage

Method-2 (Series Method) CONCEPT-10

Let the number of enrolled voters = x
(Questions Related to Student Passing &
9 9 8 Failure)
x    1620
10 10 100 Ex. A student scored 32% marks and failed by 6 marks.
 x = 25000 If he had scored 36% then he would have passed by
2 marks. Find-
Ex. Two candidates participated in an election. 20% voters
did not cast their votes and 2000 votes were declared ,d Nk=k us 32» vad izkIr fd, vkSj 6 vadksa ls isQy gks x;kA ;fn
invalid. Winner candidate got 60% of valid votes and mlus 36» vad izkIr fd, gksrs rks og 2 vadksa ls mÙkh.kZ gks x;k
got elected by 1200 number of votes. Find the total gksrkA Kkr dhft,&
number of votes in voter list.
(i) What is the passing marks/mÙkh.kZ(Ldksj)
vad
, d pquko esa nks mEehnokjksa us Hkkx fy;kA 20» ernkrkvksa (ii)
us vius oksV marks of the exam/i jh{kk dk vf/dre vad
Maximum
ugha Mkys vkSj 2000 oksV voS/ ?kksf"kr fd, x,A fotsrk mEehnokj dks
(iii) Passing percentage/mÙkh.kZ
izfr'kr
60» oS/ er feys vkSj 1200 erksa ls fuokZfpr gqvkA ernkrk lwph esa
(iv) Student's marks/Nk= k ds vad
dqy erksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
HINTS:
HINTS:

r
6 Passing Marks 2
 4  1 32% mÙkhZ.kkad 36%

si
 x  – 2000    1200
5 5
4% = 8

an by
4  32% = 64
x –2000 = 6000
5 (i) Passing Marks = 64 + 6 = 70

n
8
4 (ii) Max. Marks =  100 = 200
x = 8000 4
5

ja
x = 10000
R s (iii) Passing percentage =
70
200
 100 = 35%
a th
Ex. In a election two candidates participated. 20% of
(iv) Student's marks = 32% = 64
population did not vote. 200 votes declared invalid and
CONCEPT-11
the winner got fifty percent of voting list and won by
800 votes. Calculate the valid votes. (Questions Based on Commission)
ty a

Ex.A company give 12% commission to his salesman on total

, d pquko easa 2 mEehnokjksa us Hkkx fy;kA 20» vkcknh us ernku ugha1% bonus on the sales over `15000. If the
sales and
fd;kA 200 er voS/ ?kksf"kr gks x;s vkSj fotsrk dks ernkrk lwph ds
di M

salesman deposit `52,350 after deducting his commission

50» oksV feys vkSj 800 erksa ls pquko thr x;kA oS/ erksa dh la[;k
from total sales. Find
Kkr djksA ,d daiuh vius lsYleSu dks dqy fcØh ij 12» deh'ku nsrh gS
HINTS:
vkSj 15000 ls vf/d dh fcØh ij 1» cksul nsrh gS] ;fn foØsrk
dqy fcØh ls vius deh'ku esa dVkSrh ds ckn #- 52]350 tek djrk gS]
Total Vote = 100x Kkr dhft,
– 20x (i) Total sales./dqy fcØh
(ii) Total commission of salesman./lsY
leSu dk dqy deh'ku
Vote Cast 80x HINTS:
12%
A

Valid Vote 80x 1%

15000
Salesman dks ;fn 15000 ij Hkh1% vFkkZr
150 fey tk;s rks
W L
50x mls dqysale ij 13% Commission fey tk;sxkA
30x
(52 350 – 150)
(i) Total sales =  100  60000
20 x = 600 87
(ii) Total commission of salesman
80x = 2400 – 200
= 12% of 15000 + 13% of 45000
= 2200
= 1800 + 5850 = 7650

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