Classical Sociological Theory 7th

Edition Ritzer Test Bank

Visit to Download in Full: https://testbankdeal.com/download/classical-sociological-the
ory-7th-edition-ritzer-test-bank/
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017

Test Bank
Chapter 7

Multiple Choice:

1. What two academic disciplines gave Durkheim the most resistance in his efforts to deem
sociology a science? Mark both that apply.
a. economics
b. history
c. philosophy
d. psychology
Ans: C, D
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What was the primary way Durkheim differentiated his sociology from psychology?
a. Gave the social prominence over the individual.
b. Focused on empirical study and research done with measurements and observations.
c. Incorporated evolution into his theory.
d. Rejected social realism.
Ans: A
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What was the primary way Durkheim differentiated sociology from philosophy?
a. Gave the social prominence over the individual.
b. Focused on empirical study and research done with measurements and observations.
c. Incorporated evolution into his theory.
d. Rejected social realism.
Ans: B
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium

4. According to Durkheim, which of the following describes a social fact? Select all, but only
those that apply.
a. is external to individuals

©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
b. is best studied empirically
c. coerces individuals
d. changes because of other social facts, not individual actions
Ans: A, B, C, D
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. According to Durkheim, which of the following describes why language is a social fact?
Select all, but only those that apply.
a. Language is external to any one individual.
b. Language is best studied through empirical observations.
c. Language is coercive to individuals.
d. No one person can change language; it only changes via the influence of other social facts.
Ans: A, B, C, D
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. According to Durkheim, which of the following is a social fact? Select all, but only those that
apply.
a. legal rules
b. moral obligations
c. social conventions
d. language
Ans: A, B, C, D
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Material social facts ______.

a. are directly observable
b. cannot be directly observed
c. are internal to people’s bodies
d. cannot be empirically studied
Ans: A
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Nonmaterial social facts ______.

a. are directly observable
b. cannot be directly observed
c. are internal to people’s bodies
©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
d. cannot be empirically studied
Ans: B
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy

9. According to Durkheim, which type of nonmaterial social facts provide the foundation for
sociological study?
a. social currents
b. collective representations
c. collective consciousness
d. morality
Ans: D
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

10. According to Durkheim, which type of nonmaterial social facts are part of a structure
created by the summation of people’s beliefs and sentiments?
a. social currents
b. collective representations
c. collective consciousness
d. morality
Ans: C
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

11. According to Durkheim, which type of nonmaterial social facts manifest in the material
realm as religion, symbols, and rituals?
a. social currents
b. collective representations
c. collective consciousness
d. morality
Ans: B
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

12. According to Durkheim, which type of nonmaterial social facts refers to the organizations
and institutions within which people interact in an ongoing basis?
a. social currents
b. collective representations
c. collective consciousness
©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
d. morality
Ans: A
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Anthony Giddens further refined Durkheim’s concept of mechanical and organic societies
by noting how the ______ or the proportion of people swathed in the collective conscious is
reduced in societies with a division of labor.
a. volume
b. intensity
c. rigidity
d. content
Ans: A
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Anthony Giddens further refined Durkheim’s conceptualization of mechanical and organic
societies by noting how the ______ or how deeply people feel about the collective conscious is
reduced in societies with a division of labor.
a. volume
b. intensity
c. rigidity
d. content
Ans: B
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Anthony Giddens further refined Durkheim’s conceptualization of mechanical and organic
societies by noting how the ______ or how definition of the collective conscious is more
ambiguous in societies with a division of labor.
a. volume
b. intensity
c. rigidity
d. content
Ans: C
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy

©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
16. Anthony Giddens further refined Durkheim’s conceptualization of mechanical and organic
societies by noting how the ______ or the moral precepts of the collective conscious are
reduced in societies with a division of labor.
a. volume
b. intensity
c. rigidity
d. content
Ans: D
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which of the following did Durkheim see as the root cause behind the transition from
mechanical to organic society?
a. solidarity
b. morality
c. religion
d. dynamic density
Ans: D
Answer Location: Dynamic Density
Difficulty Level: Easy

18. According to Durkheim, dynamic density refers or relates to ______. Select all, but only
those that apply.
a. the volume and intensity of the collective conscious
b. the number of people in society
c. the rigidity and content of the collective conscious
d. the amount of interaction that occurs with people in society
Ans: B, D
Answer Location: Dynamic Density
Difficulty Level: Difficult

19. According to Durkheim, the problems associated with dynamic density are resolved by
______. Select all, but only those that apply.
a. a shift from organic to mechanical to solidarity
b. differentiation, especially in the division of labor
c. increasing rigidity and intensity of the collective conscious
d. the emergence of new forms of social organization
Ans: B, D
Answer Location: Dynamic Density
Difficulty Level: Difficult

©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017

20. According to Durkheim, which of the following accompanies expanding division of labor that
comes with dynamic density? Select all, but only those that apply.
a. less solidarity
b. less competition
c. less efficiency
d. greater resources
Ans: B, D
Answer Location: Dynamic Density
Difficulty Level: Difficult

21. Which of the following characterizes repressive law. Select all, but only those that apply.
a. severe punishment for even minor offense because any deviance violates a strongly held,
common morality
b. organic solidarity
c. crime victimizes other individuals, not society as a whole
d. mechanical solidarity
Ans: A, D
Answer Location: Repressive and Restitutive Law
Difficulty Level: Difficult

22. Which of the following characterizes repressive law. Select all, but only those that apply.
a. severe punishment for even minor offense because any deviance violates a strongly held,
common morality
b. organic solidarity
c. crime victimizes other individuals, not society as a whole
d. mechanical solidarity
Ans: B, C
Answer Location: Repressive and Restitutive Law
Difficulty Level: Difficult

23. In the shift or evolution from mechanical to organic solidarity, morality ______.
a. disappeared
b. appeared
c. stayed constant
d. changed
Ans: D
Answer Location: Repressive and Restitutive Law
Difficulty Level: Medium

©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
24. Which of the following describes an anomic division of labor common to pathological
societies?
a. A celebration of the individual and lack of sufficient moral restraint.
b. An overregulated economic where people lose control of their economic activities.
c. An evolution toward isolated as opposed to interdependent occupations.
d. A shift from organic to mechanical economies.
Ans: A
Answer Location: Normal and Pathological
Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Which of the following describes a poorly coordinated division of labor common to
pathological societies?
a. A celebration of the individual and lack of sufficient moral restraint.
b. An overregulated economic where people lose control of their economic activities.
c. An evolution toward isolated as opposed to interdependent occupations.
d. A shift from organic to mechanical economies.
Ans: C
Answer Location: Normal and Pathological
Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Which of the following describes a forced division of labor common to pathological
societies?
a. A celebration of the individual and lack of sufficient moral restraint.
b. An overregulated economic where people lose control of their economic activities.
c. An evolution toward isolated as opposed to interdependent occupations.
d. A shift from organic to mechanical economies.
Ans: B
Answer Location: Normal and Pathological
Difficulty Level: Easy

27. In order to put his theory into practice, what method(s) did Durkheim use to study suicide?
Select all, but only those that apply.
a. comparing the suicide rates of different societies
b. comparing the suicide rates of different social collectives
c. comparing suicides rates within societies and other social collectives across time
d. analyzing suicide notes
Ans: A, B, C
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Medium

©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
28. What did Durkheim believe causes suicide?
a. depression and/or mental illness
b. drugs and/or alcohol addiction
c. social facts and/or social currents
d. imitation
Ans: C
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Medium

29. ______ suicides occur when individuals are not well integrated into society.
a. anomic
b. altruistic
c. fatalistic
d. egoistic
Ans: D
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Medium

30. ______ suicides occur when individuals are overly integrated into society.
a. anomic
b. altruistic
c. fatalistic
d. egoistic
Ans: B
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Medium

31. ______ suicides occur when morality fails to properly regulate and solidify individuals. into
society.
a. anomic
b. altruistic
c. fatalistic
d. egoistic
Ans: A
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Medium

32. ______ suicides occur when moral regulation is excessive and oppressive.
a. anomic
b. altruistic
©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
c. fatalistic
d. egoistic
Ans: C
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Which of the following social collectives does Durkheim think could reduce suicides by
better regulating and integrating people into society?
a. churches
b. schools
c. families
d. labor unions
Ans: D
Answer Location: Suicide Rates and Social Reform
Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which of the following does Durkheim consider essential to religion? Select all, but only
those that apply.
a. church
b. beliefs
c. rituals
d. God
Ans: A, B, C
Answer Location: Beliefs, Rituals, and Church
Difficulty Level: Difficult

True/False:

35. Durkheim gave the individual precedence over the social in his sociology.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Social Facts are internal to individuals.

Ans: F
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy

©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
37. Durkheim philosophizes about the grammatical rules of language.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Societies with less diversity are more likely be held together with mechanical as opposed
to organic solidarity.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Societies with more diversity are more likely be held together with mechanical as opposed
to organic solidarity.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Societies with mechanical solidarity have a stronger collective conscious than those held
together with organic solidarity.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Durkheim argues social facts are best explained by other social facts.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Dynamic Density
Difficulty Level: Medium

42. According to Durkheim’s concept of dynamic density, there is less competition in societies
with organic as opposed to mechanical solidarity.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Dynamic Density
Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Nonmaterial social facts can be studied by looking at social change.

Ans: T
Answer Location: Repressive and Restitutive Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017

44. Organic solidarity is enforced with repressive law.

Ans: F
Answer Location: Repressive and Restitutive Law
Difficulty Level: Medium

45. According to Emile Durkheim, moral justice is independent of economics and the division of
labor.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Repressive and Restitutive Law
Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Durkheim exemplified his theory via his study of suicide.

Ans: T
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Medium

47. Durkheim thought suicide was a very private, personal act.

Ans: F
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Easy

48. According to Durkheim, psychologists’ efforts to combat suicide will fail because these
doctors do not recognize the social nature of self-inflicted violence.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Easy

49. The profane refers to the ideals and morals that are beyond reproach, or more important
than 'everyday' aspects of life.
Ans: F
Answer Location: The Elementary Forms of Religious Life
Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay:

©SAGE Publishing
 Instructor Resource
Ritzer, Classical Sociological Theory 7th edition
SAGE Publishing 2017
50. Compare and contrast what Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim said about the effects on conflict
and cooperation from/with (?) an increasingly efficient division of labor.
Ans:
 Although they took vastly different perspectives, both Marx and Durkheim thought
increasing efficiency in the division of labor would solidify the population; Marx thought
this would happen as technology made all works essentially the same, whereas Durkheim
saw a mutual dependence growing out of the diversity created by a more diverse workforce
Answer Location: Dynamic Density (Durkheim),
Difficulty Level: Difficult

51. Consult the obituaries or local newspaper stories to locate the most recent suicide. Then
using this recent tragedy as an example, detail why you cannot use Durkheim’s theory to
explain what this individual did because egoistic, anomic, fatalistic, and altruistic explanations
are only inherent in rates.
Ans:
 Media tends to gravitate toward psychological explanations of suicide, noting mental illness
or individual crisis as the cause
 Durkheim’s types of suicide cannot be applied to a suicide because social facts cannot be
observed in the actions of an isolated individual
Answer Location: Suicide
Difficulty Level: Difficult

52. Some theorists have put forth the argument that sports in the contemporary United States
now fill many of the same functions that religion once did. Apply this logic to the sport or a
sporting event of your choosing, being certain to include beliefs (or sentiments), rituals, totems,
the sacred and the profane in your answer.
Ans:
 Fans tend to come together because of their shared sentiments in a team (The Super bowl
might be the only time the majority of the U.S. population is doing the same thing, at the
same time)
 Sporting events are highly scripted, and thus ritualistic—especially given how these events
are designed to allow people to experience the collective conscious
 Team logos, colors, and even mascots can serve as totems
 Game time is a special time at a special place that is largely set aside from the everyday or
profane
Answer Location: The Elementary Forms of Religious Life
Difficulty Level: Difficult

©SAGE Publishing