Freedom on My Mind A History of

African Americans with Documents 2nd

Edition White Test Bank
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Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What did South Carolina declare at a secession convention on December 20, 1860?
A) It would secede from the United States unless slavery was protected by the
Constitution.
B) It planned to form a new nation, the Confederate States of America.
C) Its justification for secession was not related to slavery.
D) Its union with the United States was immediately dissolved.

2. Which reason did South Carolina give as a justification for secession?

A) The Fugitive Slave Act
B) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia
C) The Missouri Compromise
D) Abraham Lincoln's election as president

3. Who was elected president of the Confederate States of America in 1861?

A) Mississippi senator Jefferson Davis
B) Kentucky senator John J. Crittenden
C) Major Robert Anderson
D) General Robert E. Lee

4. What measure did Kentucky senator John J. Crittenden propose to avert disunion?
A) A peace convention
B) Arbitration by European diplomats
C) Reinstatement of the Missouri Compromise of 1820
D) Compensated gradual abolition of slavery

5. How did the Confederate states prepare for war prior to April 12, 1861?
A) Small groups of soldiers sabotaged northern cities.
B) State militias seized federal forts.
C) Double agents worked with abolitionists to incite slave rebellions in Washington,
D.C.
D) They sought alliances with European nations.

6. What did Abraham Lincoln say about slavery in his inaugural address in 1861?
A) A war between the states would be over quickly.
B) Abolition of slavery would be the primary purpose of any war.
C) He did not mention slavery directly but condemned "unfree labor."
D) He had no intention of interfering with slavery where it already existed.

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 7. On what fort did Confederate shore batteries first open fire on the morning of April 12,
1861?
A) Fort Anderson
B) Fort Fisher
C) Fort Sumter
D) Fort Moultrie

8. What prompted Virginia to agree to join the Confederacy after first rejecting the idea?
A) The War Department's decision to form the U.S. Colored Troops
B) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
C) Lincoln's plan to abolish slavery in the South
D) Lincoln's call for a deployment of 75,000 militia to put down the insurrection in
South Carolina

9. Among the states that permitted slavery but remained in the Union during the Civil War
were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and
A) Kansas.
B) Missouri.
C) Utah.
D) Tennessee.

10. Why were the Confederates confident that their side would prevail in the Civil War?
A) England relied on southern cotton.
B) They were fighting a defensive war.
C) Northerners would not fight a war over slavery.
D) They had a larger navy than the Union.

11. Why did those in the Union believe they would win a quick victory against the
Confederate States of America?
A) The Union had twice as much manpower and material.
B) Slaves would revolt and engage Confederate troops.
C) Their military officers were more experienced than those of the Confederates.
D) They controlled the Mississippi River from the onset of the war.

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12. Why did many whites reject offers of assistance from black volunteers as the Civil War
began?
A) They believed some blacks would prefer slavery to combat.
B) Black soldiers had a history of desertion in previous American wars.
C) They questioned the loyalty of black soldiers to the United States.
D) Armed blacks evoked thoughts of slave insurrections.

13. What did black leaders propose as the purpose of war with the Confederacy?
A) The complete abolition of slavery
B) Compensated gradual emancipation
C) Equality in free states but not abolition
D) Confederate states rejoining the Union

14. What did President Abraham Lincoln identify, at the beginning of the conflict, as the
purpose of the war with the Confederate states?
A) To end slavery gradually by compensating slave owners
B) To eliminate slavery in states west of the Mississippi River
C) To end the rebellion and preserve the Union
D) To force them to leave the United States if they refused to abolish slavery

15. What plan did President Lincoln develop to secure the loyalty of the border states that
sided with the Union in the Civil War?
A) Slavery would be protected there by constitutional amendment.
B) Slave owners would be compensated for emancipated slaves.
C) Union soldiers would patrol those states for fugitive slaves.
D) Black soldiers would not be recruited from states that permitted slavery.

16. What happened to the first slaves to escape to Union lines at the beginning of the Civil
War?
A) They were returned to their owners and reenslaved.
B) They were emancipated immediately and taken to the North.
C) They were sent to border states that permitted slavery.
D) They were designated contraband of war.

17. What plan was designed to serve as a model for the transition from slavery to freedom
for African Americans enslaved on cotton plantations?
A) The Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
B) The Wade-Davis Bill
C) The Second Confiscation Act
D) The Port Royal Experiment

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18. What Confederate port city was under Union control by the middle of 1862?
A) Charleston, South Carolina
B) New Orleans, Louisiana
C) Savannah, Georgia
D) Wilmington, North Carolina

19. Why did the United States seek to gain England's diplomatic favor during the Civil
War?
A) The United States wanted England to blockade southern ports during the war.
B) English abolitionists could help gain support for the war among the northern
public.
C) The Confederacy tried to restart the slave trade with Africa.
D) The Confederacy sought diplomatic recognition in Europe.

20. What did Lincoln's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation state when issued on
September 22, 1862?
A) All slaves within the United States, its territories, and the Confederacy were freed.
B) The Confederacy had one hundred days to rejoin the Union, or all its slaves would
be freed.
C) Slavery would be legal only in border states that already permitted it.
D) Slaves owned by masters in rebellion against the United States were freed.

21. How did the Confederacy respond to Lincoln's offer in the preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation?
A) No person or region ceased the rebellion and rejoined the Union.
B) It was initially accepted but then rejected only by the Virginia assembly.
C) Some state referendums were held in which voters rejected the offer entirely.
D) Some Confederates swore loyalty oaths to the United States.

22. Who was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863?

A) All slaves in the United States and Confederacy
B) Slaves in the South but not those in border states
C) Slaves in states or regions in rebellion against the United States
D) Slaves in states or regions west of the Mississippi River

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23. How did blacks in Confederate territories under Union control react to learning of the
Emancipation Proclamation?
A) Widespread celebration and expressions of joy
B) Disbelief and suspicion that it was a ruse
C) Fear of ending the only way of life they had ever known
D) Limited and often inaccurate understanding of its implications

24. How did the military hierarchy during the Civil War reinforce the racial hierarchy of the
society at large?
A) Black units were all led by white officers.
B) Black soldiers were considered property of the U.S. army.
C) Black soldiers were not permitted to become officers.
D) Black units were considered inferior and never saw combat.

25. What unit raised by abolitionists was the first black unit organized for wartime service?
A) The First South Carolina Volunteers
B) The Attucks Guards
C) The Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment
D) The Louisiana Native Guards

26. What percentage of the Union army did black men in the U.S. Colored Troops
compose?
A) About 25 percent
B) Over 30 percent
C) Almost 10 percent
D) Under 5 percent

27. Who made up most of the black recruits who enlisted in the U.S. Colored Troops?
A) Former slaves from border states
B) Former slaves from Confederate states
C) Free blacks from Confederate states
D) Free blacks from Union states

28. What was the significance of the Union's defeat of the Confederate army at Vicksburg?
A) It was the battle in which Colonel Robert Gould Shaw of the Fifty-Fourth
Massachusetts was killed.
B) It was the site of one of Lincoln's best-known Civil War speeches.
C) Vicksburg was the site of the first battle in which African American troops
participated.
D) Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.

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29. Why were black troops at greater risk than white troops when they entered battle?
A) Black units were poorly trained and less effective in battle.
B) Black troops were sometimes enslaved or executed when captured.
C) White medical doctors often refused to treat wounded black soldiers.
D) Union officers did not assist black regiments in danger during battle.

30. How did soldiers in the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts respond to receiving less pay than
white soldiers?
A) They accepted the injustice, believing their pay would increase if the Union
prevailed.
B) A few soldiers mutinied and were executed.
C) They all refused to accept any pay until blacks' and whites' pay was equalized.
D) Some of the men in the unit deserted and were captured by Confederate soldiers.

31. In what battle did the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts lead an assault that convinced many
whites to support the U.S. Colored Troops?
A) An assault on Fort Wagner in Charleston harbor
B) The defense of Cemetery Hill at Gettysburg
C) The siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi
D) The attack on Fort Fisher in North Carolina

32. In what speech did President Abraham Lincoln reaffirm the belief that America was a
nation "conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created
equal"?
A) His first inaugural address
B) His second inaugural address
C) The Gettysburg Address
D) The Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

33. Why were Union troops hastily transferred to New York City in July 1863?
A) To capture fugitive slaves who had escaped from the Confederacy
B) To put down a riot triggered by a military draft
C) To defend the city from advancing Confederate forces
D) To put down a slave insurrection in the border states

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34. Many white northerners opposed the Emancipation Proclamation because they
A) feared free black labor would decrease their wages.
B) believed the war effort would be jeopardized.
C) feared it would lead to equal rights for freed blacks.
D) favored compensated gradual emancipation.

35. In what other northern city besides New York City were there antiblack riots?
A) Chicago
B) Detroit
C) Philadelphia
D) Washington, D.C.

36. What proposal would permit Confederate states under Union control to reestablish a
state government after 10 percent of the voters swore an oath of loyalty to the Union?
A) The Emancipation Proclamation
B) The Wilmot Proviso
C) The Wade-Davis Bill
D) The Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

37. How did black labor aid the Confederate military's war effort?
A) Slaves were forced to build entrenchments and fortifications.
B) Slaves served in contraband regiments in the Confederate army.
C) Free blacks spied for the Confederacy by posing as runaways.
D) Black sailors piloted Confederate ships through Union blockades.

38. What was one reason that the Confederacy had begun to weaken by mid-1864?
A) Southern opinion turned against the war.
B) Slaves revolted in several Confederate cities.
C) Increasing numbers of slaves fled to Union lines.
D) Great Britain provided military support to the Union.

39. Why did the amount of work increase for slave women during the Civil War?
A) Slave owners demanded more work to aid the war effort.
B) There was a shortage of white laborers because they were serving in the war.
C) Most slaves that escaped to the North were men.
D) Slave owners increased the workload as Confederate losses mounted on the
battlefield.

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40. How did black women and men aid the Union war effort in nonmilitary capacities?
A) As clergymen and faith healers
B) As diplomats and ambassadors
C) As actors and musicians
D) As forgers and spies

41. What was the aim of the Contraband Relief Association, which was supported by many
prominent abolitionists, including Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth?
A) To help freed slaves find work and housing
B) To raise food and money for black military regiments
C) To establish black schools in the South
D) To help fugitive slaves avoid recapture

42. How did President Lincoln attempt to gain Democratic and border state support in the
election of 1864?
A) He chose Democrat Andrew Johnson as his vice presidential candidate.
B) He proposed gradually emancipating slaves in slave states loyal to the Union.
C) He ordered General Grant to prevent fugitive slaves from entering Maryland.
D) He argued against black equality for those freed by the Emancipation
Proclamation.

43. What did General William Tecumseh Sherman offer in Special Field Order 15?
A) To allow slave-owning Confederates to keep their slaves if they surrendered
B) To grant confiscated and abandoned Confederate land to former slaves
C) To end the war and allow slavery to remain in the South
D) To allow black soldiers who demonstrated battlefield valor to be promoted to
officers

44. What was the mission of the Freedmen's Bureau, established in March 1865?
A) Provide vocational education to freedmen in northern cities
B) Prevent freed slaves from immigrating to the North
C) Encourage freed blacks to immigrate to Liberia in West Africa
D) Assist freedpeople's transition to freedom by providing food, clothing, and shelter

45. Which constitutional amendment abolished slavery everywhere in the Union when it
took effect on December 18, 1865?
A) Thirteenth Amendment
B) Fourteenth Amendment
C) Fifteenth Amendment
D) Sixteenth Amendment

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46. "The time has arrived in the history of the great Republic when we may again give
evidence to the world of the bravery and patriotism of a race, in whose hearts burns the
love of country, of freedom, and of civil and religious toleration. It is these grand
principles that enable men, however proscribed, when possessed of true patriotism, to
say: 'My country, right or wrong, I love thee still!'

"It is true, the brave deeds of our fathers, sworn and subscribed to by the immortal
Washington of the Revolution of 1776, and of Jackson and others in the War of 1812,
have failed to bring us into recognition as citizens, enjoying those rights so dearly
bought by those noble and patriotic sires.

"It is true, that our injuries in many respects are great; fugitive-slave laws, Dred Scott
decisions, indictments for treason, and long and dreary months of imprisonment. . . .

"Our duty, brethren, is not to cavil over past grievances. Let us not be derelict to duty in
the time of need. While we remember the past, and regret that our present position in the
country is not such as to create within us that burning zeal and enthusiasm for the field
of battle, which inspires other men in the full enjoyment of every civil and religious
emolument, yet let us endeavor to hope for the future, and improve the present
auspicious moment for creating anew our claims upon the justice and honor of the
Republic; and, above all, let not the honor and glory achieved by our fathers be blasted
or sullied by a want of true heroism among their sons."

What is Alfred Green's objective in this speech to an assembly of black men in

Philadelphia on April 20, 1861?
A) To remind them how America had turned her back on their service to the nation in
previous wars
B) To encourage black soldiers to join the Union's cause in the Civil War despite the
nation's previous indifference to their service
C) To inform the black audience that they do not have to serve in this war because
they are not citizens
D) To ensure that the black community would not fight against the Union cause in the
war

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47. "To be asked, after so many years of oppression and wrong have been inflicted in a land
and by a people who have been so largely enriched by the black man's toil, to pull up
stakes in a civilized and Christian nation and to go to an uncivilized and barbarous
nation, simply to gratify an unnatural wicked prejudice emanating from slavery, is
unreasonable and anti-Christian in the extreme.

"How unaccountably strange it seems, that wise men familiar with the history of this
country, with the history of slavery, with the rebellion and its merciless outrages, yet are
apparently totally ignorant of the true cause of the war — or, if not ignorant, afraid or
ashamed to charge the guilt where it belongs. . . .

"Says the President: The colored race are the cause of the war. So were the children of
Israel the cause of the troubles of Egypt. So was Christ the cause of great commotions in
Judea, in this same sense; and those identified with Him were considered of the baser
sort, and really unfit for citizenship.

"But surely the President did not mean to say that our race was the cause of the war, but
the occasion thereof.

"If black men are here in the way of white men, they did not come here of their own
accord. Their presence is traceable to the white man's lust for power, love of oppression
and disregard of the plain teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ, whose rule enjoins upon
all men to 'do unto others as they would be done by.'"

Why was Isaiah Wears opposed to Lincoln's proposal for African Americans'
emancipation in 1862?
A) Wears was appalled that Lincoln blamed the war on African Americans.
B) He did not think that Lincoln's plan did enough to ensure African Americans would
be successful once colonized.
C) Wears wanted white southerners punished for their crimes against humanity.
D) He claimed that Lincoln did not gather input from the black community before he
arrived at this proposal.

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48. "I taught a great many of the comrades in Company E to read and write, when they were
off duty. Nearly all were anxious to learn. My husband taught some also when it was
convenient for him. I was very happy to know my efforts were successful in camp, and
also felt grateful for the appreciation of my services. I gave my services willingly for
four years and three months without receiving a dollar. I was glad, however, to be
allowed to go with the regiment, to care for the sick and afflicted comrades. . . .

"I learned to handle a musket very well while in the regiment, and could shoot straight
and often hit the target. I assisted in cleaning the guns and used to fire them off, to see if
the cartridges were dry, before cleaning and reloading, each day. I thought this great
fun. I was also able to take a gun all apart, and put it together again. . . .

"Fort Wagner being only a mile from our camp, I went there two or three times a week,
and would go up on the ramparts to watch the gunners send their shells into Charleston
(which they did every fifteen minutes), and had a full view of the city from that point.
Outside of the fort were many skulls lying about; I have often moved them one side out
of the path. The comrades and I would have quite a debate as to which side the men
fought on. Some thought they were the skulls of our boys; others thought they were the
enemy's; but as there was no definite way to know, it was never decided which could lay
claim to them."

What important skill did Susie Taylor provide black soldiers that would benefit them for
the remainder of their lives?
A) She trained them how to properly preserve food.
B) She taught them how to treat wounds.
C) She taught them about the love of Christ.
D) She taught them how to read and write.

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49. What was William Tolman Carlton's image Watch Meeting attempting to depict about
the emancipation of slaves?

A) Carlton captures the anxiety that slaves felt minutes prior to emancipation.
B) The painter highlights the division within the black community by revealing blacks'
varied attire.
C) This image shows the jubilation of the slaves with freedom only minutes away.
D) Carlton's depiction reveals the success of the underground railroad network.

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50. What does the image of Private Pryor reveal about African Americans enlisting in the
U.S. Colored Troops during the Civil War?

A) This photo attempts to warn northern whites of the dangers of arming African
Americans.
B) Despite his uniform, Private Pryor was still a slave and would only follow orders.
C) Private Pryor appears to be unsuited to military service, as most slaves were during
the Civil War.

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D) This image shows that, despite their circumstances, African Americans would
valiantly serve their nation during times of war.

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Answer Key
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. D
17. D
18. B
19. D
20. B
21. A
22. C
23. A
24. A
25. C
26. C
27. B
28. D
29. B
30. C
31. A
32. C
33. B
34. A
35. B
36. D
37. A
38. C
39. C
40. D
41. B
42. A
43. B
44. D

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45. A
46. B
47. A
48. D
49. A
50. D

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