Decarbonizing Land Transportation

Fi
r
stEdi
t
ion,
2021

AboutLow Car
bonMobi
li
tyBl
uepr
int Di
scl
aimer
:

The obj ecti

ve oft he Low Carbon Mobi l
it
y The c opyri
ghtand intell
ectualpropert
yr i
ght s
Blueprint2021-2030i stotoas sessthebes t belongtotheMi ni
str
yofEnv i
ronmentandWat er
opti
ons i n ener gy and GHG mi ti
gati
on (KASA) .No par tofthi s publi
cati
on may be
pl
anni ngint hetransportsect
or,inparti
cul
ar reproduced, copi
ed, s t
ored i n any retr
ieval
l
andt rans port
,usings cenar
ioanalysesofa system ort r
ansmitt
ed in any form orby any
busines s-
as-usual case and s i
mil
arl
y for means -el
ectr
onic, mec hanical
, photocopying,
2030. recordi
ngorot her
wise;wi t
houtpriorper
mi ssi
on
ofKASA.
Publ
ishedby:
Mini
str
yofEnv i
ronmentandWat er(KASA) Perpust
akaanNegar aMalaysi
a
BlokF11,Komplek sF Catal
oguing-i
n-Publ i
cat
ionDat aLow Car
bon
LebuhPerdanaTi mur,Pres
int1 Mobil
it
y Bluepri
nt 2021-
2030: Dec ar
boni
zi
ng
PusatPentadbi
ranKer aj
aanPersek
utuan LandTransport
ati
on/
62000PUTRAJAYA KEMENTERI ANALAM SEKI TARDANAI R
MALAYSI A I
SBN
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 EXECUTI
VE
SUMMARY

Phot
obyNi
kRadz
i f
romUns
plash

I
ntr
oduct
ion Al
ignmentwi
thNat
ionalPol
ici
es

Malaysi
a i s a par t
yt o t he Uni t
ed Nat i
ons Fr amewor k Whil
eMal aysi
ahasav erymat urepolicydevelopments tructure
Conventi
ononCl i
mat eChange( UNFCCC) .Cons onantt othe andadv ancedt ransportati
oninfrastr
ucture,t
her eares t
il
lar eas
Conventi
on,Mal aysiarati
fiedt heKy otoProtocoli
n2002and whichcanbei mpr ovedt oreduc eenergyc onsumpt i
onandGHG
t
he Paris Agreementi n 2016.Undert he Paris Agr eement , emissi
ons .Ther ecommendeds trat
egiesandac ti
onplanshav e
Malaysi
ac ommuni catedt hec ountr
y’sNati
onallyDet ermined been the resultofc arefulanal ysi
s ofex i
sting key national
Contr
ibut
ions( NDC)i nt
endi ngt oreduce45% GDPemi s si
ons pol
ici
es.
i
ntensi
tyby2030r elat
ivetot heemi ssi
onsintensi
tyinbas eyear The11t hMal ays i
aPlans pel
l
edoutt hegov ernment ’
sintention
2005.Thisc onsis
tsofa35% r educti
ononanunc onditi
onal t
os hif
tfrom c onventi
onalandc os t
ly‘grow f
ir
s t,cl
ean-upl ater
’
basi
sandaf urt
her10% c ondit
ionaluponr ecei
ptofc l
imate pat
ht oagr eenert r
ajec t
ory–Gr eenGr owt
h–t oens uret hat
f
inance, technol
ogy t rans f
er and c apaci
ty building f rom soci
o-economi c dev elopment i s pursued mor es ustainably
devel
opedc ountri
es. (RMK-11) .

I
n 2017,Mal aysi
a’ st otalFi nalEner gy Cons umption (FEC) The c
omi ng 12t
h Malay
sia Pl
an i
sex pect
ed t
oc ont
inue t
he
stoodat62, 848k t
oe( ki
lot onnesofoi lequi val
ent),whic his f
ocus on low c ar
bon t
ranspor
tand c i
ti
es i
nl i
ne withthe
9.8% hi ghert hant hepr ev iousy ear.Thet rans portsectorwas Sust
ainable Devel
opmentGoals( SDGs )agenda whichthe
t
hes ec ondf astestgr owi ngs ect
orov erallint ermsofener gy Mal
ays i
angov er
nmentseekstoachi
eve.
cons umpt i
onwi that otalFEC of23, 522k toeor37% oft he
count ry’
stotal.Wi thinthet rans port
ati
ons ector,roadtrans port Alt
hough s us
tai
nable tr
ansporti s not r
epresented by a
domi nates – ac c ount i
ng f or mor et han 90% of ener gy st
andaloneSDG int he2030Agenda,i tismainstreamedi na
cons umpt i
on. The t rans por tat
ion sec tor als oc onsistentl
y dir
ectorindir
ectmanneri nt
o many oft he propos ed SDGs
remai nedt hes ec ondl arges tgreenhous egas( GHG)emi tti
ng especi
all
ythoserelatedt
oener gy,healt
h,i
nfrast
ructure,f
ood
sector,ac countingf or20% ofMal aysi
a’st ot
al greenhous egas secur
it
y,c l
i
matec hange,cit
ies and human sett
lement s(UN
(GHG)emi ssionsi n2014ofwhi ch18% or iginatedfrom r oad 2015).
t
rans por t
ati
on( 55,366GgCO2eq)( NC3BUR2) .
Three new orr evi
sed nat
ional-l
evelActi
on Plans are being
Asa s ect
orwhichrecordsthe hi
ghestproport
ion ofener
gy draf
tedfortheNat i
onalTransportPoli
cy,Nati
onalAut omot i
ve
consumpti
on,iti
simperati
vethatadedicat
ed,c oncert
edand Poli
cy2019andNat i
onalBiofuelPoli
cy2019c oncurrenttothe
comprehensi
veacti
onplanbedes i
gnedtomi t
igatetheimpact f
inali
sat
ionoft hi
sBluepri
ntandAc t
ionPlan.Allthreepolici
es
ofthe tr
ansportsect
oron ener gy and GHG emi ssi
on i
n andac t
ionplansaregenerall
yi nt
egrat
edandar ei nsupportof
Malaysi
a. eachothertoac hi
eveal ow carbonmobili
tyecosy st
em forthe
countr
y.
I
n 2018, t he Mi nist
ry of Ener gy, Sc i
ence, Tec hnol ogy,
Envir
onmentandCl imateChange( MESTECC)c ommi s si
oned The Low Car
bon Mobi
li
tyBl
uepr
intand Act
ion Pl
an (
LCMB)
as t
udyl eadingt oaLow Car bonMobi l
ityBluepr i
nt( LCMB) . r
elat
i
onwit
hSust
ainabl
eDevel
opmentGoals(SDGs)are:
Theobj ect
iveistoas sessthebes topti
onsi nener gyandGHG
mit
igati
onpl anningi nthet r
anspor tsector,i
npar t
icularland
t
ranspor t
,usingsc enari
oanalysesofabus i
ness-as -
us ualcase
ands i
mi l
arl
yf or2030.Theout puti sexpec t
edt oc ompl ement
Minist
ryofEnv i
ronmentandWat er's(KASA)ex i
sti
ngGr een
TechnologyMas terPlanwithc l
earertargetsandac ti
onpl ans
specif
ictothet r
ans por
tsectori
nMal aysi
a.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Goal3:I
mpr ov ingr oads afety
Goal7:I
mpr ov ingener gyeffi
ciencyinthet r
ansportsect
or
Goal9:Dev elopmentofqual i
ty,rel
iable,sust
ainable and
resi
li
entt ransportinf
rastruct
ure
Goal11:Impr ov ementofur banpubl i
ctranspor
tati
ons ystem
Goal12:Sus tainabl ec onsumpt ionandpr oducti
onpat t
er ns
offos silfuel
Goal13:Climat ei mpac t
sont ransport
,andmi t
igat
ionand
adapt ationmeas ures

Nat
ionalTr
anspor
tPol
icy(
NTP)2030
Pol
i
cyThrus t4:Adv anc et owar dsgr eent ransport
•ST1:Enf or cecompl i
ancet oac t
s/regulati
onsand
shifttowardsi nternational env i
ronmental
st
andar ds
•ST2:Prior i
ti
s epubl i
ct r
ans portnet workast he
f
undament al st
ructurei nc harti
ngout
sus tai
nables pati
al andt rans port
ati
ongr owth
i
nur banisedar eas
•ST3:Ac c elerateimpl ement ationofl owc arbon
mobi l
i
tyinit
iatives Low Car
bonMobi
li
tyBl
uepr
int(
LCMB)
•ST4:Institutemeas urestoc ontrolpolluti
on,noise
andwas t
ef rom thet rans portsec t
or
FAA:GHGemi ssion&energyreducti
onviav
ehi
cl
ef uel
economy&emi ssi
onimprovement
•S1: Enc ouragi
ng adopti
on of low emissi
on
Nat
ionalPol
icyonCl
imat
eChange2009 vehi
cle
•S2:Strengthenecodri
vi
ngpr ogram
• KA4-
ST2:
Ident i
fyandr ecommendopt ionst owards
l
owc ar bonec onomyf oreights ec t
ors, FA B:GHG emi ssi
on& energyreducti
onv i
ael
ect
ri
c
oneofwhi chi stranspor t
ati
on vehi
cl
eadoption
•KA13-ST4:I
nc orporatemeas ures ,i
ncluding •S3(i
):Adoptingtheel
ect
ri
cc ar
mobi l
is i
ngfinancingandt echnic al •S3(i
i)
:Adoptingt
heelect
ri
cbus
assistanc einto12ar eas ,oneofwhi chis •S3(i
ii
):Adopti
ngtheel
ectr
icmotorcycl
e
t
rans por t
ati
on
•KA20-ST5:Promot e RE and EE t or educ e GHG FAC:GHG emi ssi
on&energyreduc t
i
onv i
aalter
nat
i
ve
emi ssionsint hetrans port
ations ec t
or fueladopti
on
•KA25-ST6:I
ntegr ate meas uresi nto polici
es ,plans, •S4:Enhanc inguseofbi
odi
es el
programmes and pr oject
si n 12 ar eas, •S5: Cr eat
ing an eco-
system f or gr
owth of
oneofwhi chi stranspor t
ati
on alt
ernati
vefuelandener
gyindus t
ry

FAD:GHG emission&ener gyr educt

ionv i
amodes hi
f
t
Nat
ionalAut
omot
ivePol
icy(
NAP)2019 •S6:Shifti
ngpr i
vatetransporttopubli
c
transport
•Nextgenerati
onv ehi
cl
e •S7:Promot i
ngpubl i
ctransportthr
ough
•Mobil
it
yasas ervi
ce(MaaS) land-us edevelopment
•I
ndustr
ialRevoluti
on4.0(I
R4.0) •S8:Impr ovingtr
affi
cflow
•Conti
nuati
onofNAP2014pr i
maryobj
ect
ives •S9:Shifti
ngf r
eightmodef rom roadtorai
l
•Bi
odieselusage •S10:Promot i
ngac t
iveandmi cromobili
ty

Gr
eenTechnol
ogyMast
erPl
an(
GTMP)2030
Keyareast
arget
edf
ort
hemai
nst
reami
ngofgr
een
t
echnol
ogy

•Publi
ctr
ansport
ation:40% modes har
eonPT
•Pri
vatet
ranspor
tation:100% EEV
•Cl
eanerfuel
:Biofuels

Nat
ionalPhysi
calPl
an3(
NPP3)
KeyThrust2:Spat
ialsustai
nabi
li
tyandr
esi
li
enceto
cl
i
matec hange.St
rategicThrustKD3:Low car
bon
ci
tyandsustai
nabl
einfrastr
uct
ure

•Creat
inglowcar
bonci
ti
esanddevel
opment
•Devel
opinglowcar
bonmobil
i
ty

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 Theout
putoft
heLCMBs
tudyi
sor
gani
sedi
nt
ofourf
ocusa
reas
,namel
y:

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 TheSi
xSt
rat
egi
cAct
ionsf
orLow Car
bonMobi
li
ty

Towardsachi
evingt
he
l
ow car
bonmobil
it
yagendaandmethodsto
est
abl
isht
hem asperembeddedi
ntheActionPl
ansprepar
edint
hisdocument
.

St
rengtheni
ng Facili
tat
ing Government- Capaci ty, Researchand Consumer
i
nstit
uti
onal conduci ve ledi
nit
iat
ives skil
ls& development,communi cat
ion,
framework economi c knowledge technology& educati
on&
i
nstrument s devel
opment commer ci
al publi
cawareness

Act
ion1:Str
engtheni
nginst
it
uti
onalf
rameworkviaest
abl
ishmentofadedicat
edcounci
lforLow
CarbonMobili
tyBl
uepri
ntandActi
onPlan(LCMB)implement
ati
on

•Climate c hange and t ransportat

ion gov ernance i n
Mal aysia ares trongly det ermined att he nat ionallev el
.
Howev er,duet odec entralisati
onofec onomi candpol i
t
ical
powert os tate and localgov ernment s,itisi mpor t
antt o
ens ur
et herei sc oherenc ei n ex i
sti
ng pol i
ciesatdi f
ferent
l
ev elsto ens ureas ustainable pathwayf orac hievi
ng low
carbonmobi li
ty.Spatialpl anningatc it
yanddi stri
ctlevels
mus tasmuc haspos s i
blei ncorporateprinciplesandac ti
on
pl
anss ugges tedatanat i
onall eveldoc ument ,thatis,the
Low Car bonMobi li
tyBluepr intandAc ti
onPl an.I naddi t
ion,
t
heLCMBs houldal soincludeamodes hiftandpl anni
ngf or
electr
icc har
gingi nf
rastr
uc ture.

•A councilshoul
dbees tabl
ishedast henationalfoc alpoint
on low c ar
bon mobilit
y policy
,s tr
ategy and pr ogramme
f
ormulation.The counc i
lplaysa c oordi
nati
ng role among
sector
ialagenci
es.Its houldhav eani nst
it
utionalstruct
ure
compos edofanoper ati
ngs ecret
ari
atands everalwor k
ing
groupst oformul
ate and coordinate pol
i
cyi mplement ati
on
withnati
onwiderespons i
bil
it
ytos upportl
ow c ar
bonmobi l
ity
agendasandpr ogr
ammes .

•The c ounc i
lc an be int he form ofa Steeri
ng Commi t
tee •Uponadopt ionoft heLCMB,t heSC willneedtomobi l
ise
(SC) t o be c o-chai
red by t he minist
ry in-charge of resour
c esthrough di
scussi
onswi t
hk eyagenc i
esto mov e
environmentandc l
i
matec hangeandt heministryin-charge f
orwardt heimplementati
onoft heLCMB.Leadagenc i
esfor
oftr
ans portation.Themember softheSCwoul dc ompr i
seof each oft he acti
on pl
an need to engage withsupport
ing
represent atives f r
om mi nistri
es and agenci
es t hathav e agencies s o that resource mobili
sati
on ar e real
ised
i
nteres tand/ ors takeintheenv ir
onment,cl
imatec hangeand eff
ecti
vely.Resourcemobili
sat
ionencompas sesbot
hfunding
t
rans por t
ation.Themai nt as koftheSC istounder t
ak ethe andhumanr esourcemobil
isat
ion.
i
mpl ement ati
onandmoni t
or i
ngoft heLCMB.TheSC wi l
l
also be r espons i
bletoc onduc ta mid-t
erm r eview and
propos enec es saryimprovement sand/
orremedi alac t
ionsto
achievet hedes i
redobjecti
v esoftheLCMB.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Act
ion2:Faci
li
tat
ingconduci
veeconomi
c •Es tablis
h det ai
led data s ources with respectt o ener gy
i
nstr
ument s cons umpti
on and GHG emi ssion t
of aci
li
t
at e monit
ori
ng and
planni ngfuturepolicydi
rections.Ar eposi
tor
yofal lrel
evantdata
•To i
ncenti
vise households to purchase more relatedt ot het r
ansportsec tor,energycons umpti
onandGHG
envi
r onmental-f
ri
endl y Ener gy Effi
c i
ent Vehic l
es ( EEV) ,a emi ss i
onneedst obees tabl i
shedandmadeac cessi
bletoall
surcharge-r
ebates ys tem canbei ntr
oduc edwi t
hinthev ehicles’ relatedgov ernmentagenc iesf orthepurposeoff ac i
l
it
ati
ngthe
exci
s etaxsystem. Intheear lyphasesof theimplement ation, t
he i
mpl ement ati
onandmoni t
oringofLCMB.
numberof v
ehicless ubjecttosurchargeisli
kelytobel argert han
t
hos e given rebates.Thus ,therei s no fi
scalout l
ay f ort he
gover nmenttoi mplementt he system.Onc et he v ol
ume of Act
ion5:Resear
chanddevel
opment,t
echnol
ogy
surc
har gebec omesl essthanr ebatesappr oved,itsignal st hat nurt
uri
ngandcommerci
ali
sat
ion
vehi
c le st
oc k ar
e bec oming pre-domi nantly
envi
r onmental-f
ri
endl yEEV.
•The intr
oduc t
ion ofnew f ormsofpeopl e mobil
ityand frei
ght
•A fuell evy( forexampl e RM0. 01 perlitr
e)on al ldies eland dis
tri
buti
on s uch as i nnovative s oft mobili
ty s chemes ,
petrolpur chasecanbei nsti
tutedtoconv i
nc efuel userstos wit
ch dri
ve-sharing,r i
de- s
haring,c rowd s hippi
ng,c rowd del i
very,
t
oc leanert ypesofenergys uchasbi odiesel,bi
ogasorel ec t
rici
ty. connectedandaut omatedv ehic
les,innovati
vef l
yingvehicles,
Sinceaf uel l
evyi
saf l
at-ratetax,t
hef uellevyc ollect
sthes ame andmobi l
i
tyasas ervi
ce,c oul
dr evol
utioni
setransportdemand
amountofmoneyr egar dl
es sofpr i
cec hangesi nfuel.I nt hi
s wit
hmaj orc onsequenc esf orthes pati
alorganisationofc i
ti
es
respect,thel evymaint
ai nsthegov ernment 'sex pectedr ev enue andtheirnei ghbourhoods .
f
rom fos silfuelwhi
chthenc anbeut il
isedt ofi
nanc elow-c arbon
i
niti
ati
v espar ti
cul
arl
yatloc algovernmentl evel. •Researchinst
it
uti
ons( univer
sit
ies,pri
vateent
it
i
eset c.
)needto
be i
nv ol
ved i
n enhanc i
ng res ear
chi nlow-carbon mobil
i
ty,
•An ex tension of Gr een Tec hnol ogy inc entives unti
l2025 whether i
nt echnology or in behav i
our
alc hange towar
ds
should be s er
ious lycons idered.The i ncentivesincl
ude thos e l
ow-carbonmobili
tyoptionsandpr acti
ces.
t
hat benef it pur chasers;i .e., Gr een Tec hnol ogy Financ i
ng
Scheme( f
orus ers),Gr eenTec hnol ogyFi nanc i
ngSc heme( f
or •Localaut horiti
es need t o workc losely with publict r
ans port
usersandpr oduc er sofGr eenTec hnology )
,Gr eenInves t
ment planner sandc ompani estohelpthel att
erpl otfeasi
blebus i
nes s
TaxAl lowanc e( GI TA)Ser vi
ces,GI TA As sets,GI TA Projects; plansandr easonablel evelsofser vi
cet ot hepubl i
c.Inv estors
and one t hat s uppor ts manuf ac t
urerst hrough s ubs i
dised willnot beattractedinrunningapubl ictr
ans portbusinessi ft
her e
f
inancing,thatis ,GTFS.I tispropos edthatthes eincenti
vesnot i
snotenoughdemandf oritsservices.Withbet terplanningand
only appl y t o pr ivate c ompani es but al so i nclude cooper ati
on between al lparti
es,a wi n-wins oluti
on c ould be
government -owned c ompani es t hat arei nvolved in publ i
c arri
v ed.Loc alaut hori
ti
es,thus,wi l
lnotbeundul ybur denedt o
t
ranspor tsuchasPr asarana. subs idise publi
ct ransports er
vices.I nthe s ame v ein,publ i
c
t
rans portoperatorsareabl etogener atereas onableec onomi es
•Whi let he Gov ernment of fers a wi de r ange of i ncentive ofsc aleandpr ofi
tabi
li
ty.
programs f or investors, botht ax and non- t
ax, none ar e
spec i
fi
cally dedicated toi nc enti
vi
s i
ng inves tmentin‘ green’
production and di st
ribut
ion ac t
ivi
ti
es s uch as EV pr oduc ti
on,
biodiesel,bi ogas produc t
ion and di stri
bution.The new t ax Act
ion6:Consumercommunicat
ion,educat
ion
i
nc enti
ves chemes houldbet argetedatget ti
ngc ompani est o andpubl
icawar
eness
anc hors ubstanti
vehi ghv alue‘green’ac ti
vi
tiesands t
rengthen
capabili
ties,notablyinnovationsthatarec urrentlyst
il
lexpens ive
duet orawmat eri
alcostands mall
erec onomi esofs c
ale.
•Devel
op effecti
ve CEPA ac t
ivi
ti
es t hat c r
eate behav i
oural
Act
ion3:Gover
nment
-l
edi
nit
iat
ives modif
ic
ati
ont owardspract
icesofs ustainabl
et r
ansportt
hrough
useof‘
green’vehicl
es(suchaselectr
icc ars,e-buses,FCEVand
•The gov ernmenthas a bi g and i mpor t
antr olet o play i n B100buses).Thesev ehi
cl
esc analsoac tasadv ert
isement
sfor
spear heading and pr opel
li
ng t he pr i
vat
es ec t
or, bus ines s cl
eanertr
ansportat
ionopti
ons.
communi ti
es and t he general publ i
c t o mov e t owar ds
i
mpl ement inglowc arbonmobi l
it
yopt i
onsandpr ac t
ices.Ther ole •Strengthen CEPA f or companies to opt f or l
ow-carbon
ofgov er
nmenti ns
tit
uti
ons and gov ernment-l
i
nk ed compani es t
rans port
ati
on as sets and s ervi
ces. Thes e i nc l
ude
arec ruci
alf orthes uccessf
ulint
roduc t
ionoflow carbonmobi lit
y communi cati
onoft axincent
ivesands ubsi
disedfi
nanci
ng,and
i
niti
atives.Thegov er
nmentc an,f orexamplethroughc ircular s, organisi
ng‘match-mak i
ng’pl
atfor
msorev entsforcompaniesto
dir
ec tit
sins ti
t
utionstoembar kuponl owc arbonmobi l
i
tyopt ions connec twit
hlocalandforei
gns uppl
i
ers.
i
ni t
soper ati
ons .
•I
nvolvet he Mini
str
yofEduc ati
on in CEPA ac t
ivi
tiest o al
low
•The gov ernment s hal
l t heref
ore be t he pi oneer i n st
udentsatalllevel
stobemor eawareofthepracticalas pect
sof
i
mplement ing inter
nalpolicies for encouragi
ng l ow c ar
bon l
ow-carbon mobi l
it
y opt
ions.Experi
enti
allearning s hould be
mobil
ityoptionss uchasprocuringenergyeffici
entlowemi ssi
on i
ntr
oduc edtos t
udentst
hatwouldleadtobehavioural changesin
vehi
clef l
eet (such as EV) f or government agenc i
es and t
hedes ir
eddi r
ecti
on.
government -l
i
nked c ompani es, and gi ving i ncenti
v es to
employ eestoc ommut eonpubl ictr
ans por
t.Thiswi l
lc reatean •Plan and ex ecut
e ef f
ecti
ve media engagement i
n CEPA
i
ncreas emar ketdemandt owardslow c ar
bonmobi lit
yopt i
ons acti
vi
ti
est opromoteLCMB.TheSC c anleadLCMBpr omot
ion
andpr acti
cess i
ncethegovernmenti sspearheadingt hi
spur sui
t. t
hroughCEPAac t
ivi
ti
ess othatpubl
i
cawar enes
softheLCMB
canber eali
sedmoreef f
ecti
vely.
Act
ion4:Capacit
y,ski
ll
sandknowl
edge
devel
opment
•Provi
de supportf orthe devel
opmentofpr ofes
s i
onalsinthe
t
ransport planning and ur ban planning f i
elds. These
prof
essi
onalswillbeinvolvedindesi
gningroadnetworksanda
publ
ictransport
ation t
ransitsys
tem t
hatpr omotel ow c
arbon
mobil
it
yats t
ateandl ocalgover
nmentlevel
s.

•Providesupportforthedev elopmentofi nst

it
uti
onalc apabili
t
y
ofagenc i
es/
organisati
ons in bot
h publi
c and pri
vates ectors.
Theseagenc i
eswi l
lber es
pons i
blef
ortheplanning,supervi
s i
on
andpr omoti
onofener gyc onservat
ionimplementati
onandl ow
carbonmobili
tymeas ures.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
DECARBONI
ZING LANDTRANSPORTATI
ON

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
S1:Encour
agi
ngadopt
ionofl
owe mi
ssi
onv
ehi
cl
es
S2:St
rengt
henecodri
vi
ngprogr
am

S3(
i
):Adopti
ngtheel
ect
ri
cc ar
S3(
i
i)
:Adopti
ngtheel
ectr
icbus
S3(
i
ii
):Adopt
ingt
heelect
ri
cmotor
cycl
e

S4:Enhanci
nguseofbi
odi
esel
S5:Creat
i
nga neco-
sys
temforgr
owt
hofal
t
ernat
i
vef
uel
andener
gy
i
ndust
ry

S6:Sh i
f
ti
ngpri
vat
etrans
portt
opubli
ctr
ans por
t
S7:Promoti
ngpubli
ctr
anspor
tthr
oughland-usedev
elopment
S8:I
mpr ov
ingt
rafficflow
S9:Sh i
f
ti
ngfr
ei
ghtmodef r
om r
oadtorai
l
S10:Promoti
ngacti
veandmicromobil
i
ty

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thepopulati
onofMalaysi
agrewfrom 28.
3mi l
l
ionin2010t o31.7mil
l
ionin2016andis
est
imatedtoreach41.5mil
li
onby2040.Coupledwi t
hincreasi
ngaff
l
uenc eandmobi
li
ty
t
rends,iti
ses t
imat
edthatMalaysi
answil
lmak eanes ti
mated131mi ll
i
ondail
ytr
ipsi
n
2030,as i
gni
fi
canti
ncr
easefrom t
he40mi l
li
ontri
psin2010.

I
ncr
eas
ingpopul
ati
on
Popul
ati
on Househol
d Li
vingar
ea
32. 6 8million 76 .
2
ofur
%
ban
mi
ll
ion househol
d
peopl
e (
DOSM,2019) popul
ati
on
(
DOSM,2019) (
DOSM,2019)

I
ncr
easeinmobi
li
ty Aver
ageAnnualKi
lomet
re
needsi
nMalays
ia Travel
l
ed(AAKT)

Vehi
clepopul
ati
on Perper
son

31
mi
l
.
l
i
2
on
21,
184
ki
lomet
re
uni
ts (
MIROS,2018)
(
DOSM,2019)

Demographictr
endsindi
catethatMalaysiafacesani ncr
eas ei
nl i
f
eex pectancy,coupl
ed
wi
th a graduall
y decr
easi
ng fert
il
i
tyr ate.This demogr aphictrend,c oupl
ed wi t
ha
si
gni
fi
canti ncr
easein numberoft ri
ps,wi llrequir
er ethi
nki
ng ofc ur
rentt r
ansport
st
rat
egi
est oensuretr
ansport
ati
onisbot hac ces
s i
bleands ust
ainabl
e.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thev olumes hareofeac hvehicl
ecategoryfortheroadtr
anspor
tsegmentisshownin
Figur
e1. 4.Inthetrans
portati
ondisci
pli
ne,volumerefer
stothenumberofvehicl
esofa
cert
ainc at
egory,andvolumes har
ereferstotheperc
entageofacert
ainvehi
cl
ecategor
y
outoftotalvehi
clepopulat
ion.

Thecarandmot orc
yclecat
egor
ieswerethetwoc at
egori
eswiththebiggestshar
e,each
numberi
ngsl
ightlyabove45% oftot
alvehi
c l
es.Thi
smeantthat91.5% oft hecountr
y’s
vehi
cl
esconsi
stedof car
sandmotorcycl
es.Thenextbi
ggestcategor
ywasgoodsv ehi
cl
e
wit
hac l
oset
o4. 5% share.

Asawhol e,t
hetotalnumberofv ehicl
esincreasedby15. 6% inthespanoffouryears
(2014to2018).Theincrementofr egi
steredv ehicl
epopul at
ionwithi
ntheperiodwas
morethanonemill
ionvehicl
eseachy ear.I
tshouldbenot edthatthenumberofvehicl
es
shownwasbas edont heac cumulat
ionofnewl yr egi
ster
edv ehicl
esint
otheregist
ered
popul
ati
onexcl
udinginf
ormationofderegis
teredv ehicl
esfrom thesyst
em.

Fi
gur
e1. 4:Numberofaccumul
atedr
egist
eredv ehi
cl
esbyv ehicl
ecategoryandit
s
cor
res
pondingvol
umeshareandtotalnumberofdrivi
nglicenses
Sour
ce:JabatanPengangkut
anJal
an(JPJ)+LCMBanal ysi
s,JabatanKeselamatanJal
an
Raya(JKJR)

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
nt hec omput ationofGHG emi s s
ion,thenumberofr egis
ter
edv ehi
cleswasnotus edfor
severalr easons .Fi r
st,thenumberoft otalr
egist
eredv ehi
cleswasf arlargert hant he
numberofl i
c ens esiss ued.Secondly,ifitwasus ed,itwoul
dr es ul
tinhigherc alculated
val
uesofener gyc ons umptionandGHG emi ssi
oncompar edtowhatwasr eportedi nthe
NationalEner gyBal anc e( NEB)andt heMal aysi
aThi rdNat i
onalCommuni cati
onand
Sec ondBi ennial Updat etotheUNFCC( BUR)r eport
s.Hence,GHG emi ssionc alculat
ion
uti
l
isedt hees timat edv ehi
cleki
lometret ravel
(VKT).VKTi sthedi st
ancetrav el
l
edbyany
vehicl
ei nk i
lomet res,adjustedproporti
onat el
ytosati
s f
ythesec ondit
ions:

•Thenumberofvehi
cl
esont
heroadcannotexceedt
henumberofli
censes
,and
•Ener
gyconsumpti
onandGHGemissi
onvaluesmatc
htheval
uesreport
edint
heNEB
andBURreport
s.

TheGHG emi ss i
onforeachlandtr
anspor
tmodei sshowninFigur
e1.5.Pet
rolcars,wi
th
t
hel argestVKT,madeupabout50% oft ot
allandt r
anspor
tGHG emi ssi
ons.Goods
vehi
c l
es,with only 6.
4% oft ot
alVKT,discharged 22.
8% oft ot
alemissions whi
l
e
motorcycl
es,wit
h41. 3% oft
otalVKT,emi
tt
edonly12.1%.

Fi
gur
e1. 5:Tot
alGHG emissi
onforeachl
andtr
anspor
tmodein2015
Sour
ce:Cal
cul
ati
onbys t
udyteam basedonMalaysi
aThi
rdNati
onalCommuni
cat
ionand
SecondBienni
alUpdat
eRepor tt
otheUNFCCC,MESTECC2018

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
n2017,Mal ay si
a’stotalFinalEner gyCons umpt i
on(FEC)s t
oodat62, 848k t
oe(kil
o
t
onnesofoi lequival
ent )
,whic his9. 8% hi
ghert hantheprevi
ousy ear.Thet r
ansport
sect
orwasthes econdf ast
es tgrowi
ngs ect
orov eral
lint
ermsofenergyconsumptionwit
h
atot
alFECof23, 522k toeor37% oft hecountr
y ’
stotal
.Wit
hint
hetransport
ati
ons ect
or,
r
oadt r
ansportdominates–ac count
ingformor ethan90% ofenergyconsumption.

Fi
gur
e1.
1:Fi
nalEner
gyConsumptionbySect
or,2017
Sour
ce:ht
tps:
//
mei
h.st
.gov.
my/

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thetr
anspor
tati
ons ectoralsoconsi
stent
lyremainedthes econdlar
gestGreenhouse
Gas(GHG)emi tt
ing sector
,account
ing f
or20% ofMal aysi
a’st
otalgr
eenhouse gas
(GHG)emissi
onsin2014ofwhi ch18% or i
ginat
edfrom r
oadt r
anspor
tat
ion(
55,366Gg
CO2eq)(
NC3BUR2) .

Fi
gure1.
2:Gr
eenhouseGas(GHG)emissi
onbysect
or,2014
Sour
ce:Mal
aysi
aThir
dNat
ionalCommuni
cat
ionandSecondBi
ennialUpdat
eRepor
tto
UNFCCC,MESTECC2018

Fi
gure1.
3:Es
ti
mateofGHG Emissi
onbyTr
ans por
tSector
,2014
Sour
ce:Mal
aysi
aThir
dNati
onal
Communicat
ionandSecondBienni
alUpdateRepor
ttot
he
UNFCCC,MESTECC2018

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
MalaysiaisapartytotheUni t
edNat i
onsFr amewor kConv enti
ononCl imateChange
(UNFCCC) .ConsonanttotheConv ent
ion,Mal aysi
arati
fi
edtheKy otoProtocoli
n2002
andthePar i
sAgreementin2016.Undert hePar i
sAgr eement,Mal aysi
ac ommunic at
ed
t
hec ountr
y’sNati
onall
yDeterminedCont ri
butions(NDC)i nt
endingt oreduce45% GDP
emissi
onsintensi
tyby2030r el
ati
vetot heemi ssi
onsintensi
tyinbas ey ear2005.This
consi
stsofa35% reducti
ononanunc onditionalbasi
sandaf urther10% condit
ionalupon
recei
ptofc l
imat
ef i
nance,technol
ogyt rans f
erand c apaci
tybui l
ding f
rom developed
countr
ies.

Malaysi
a c ommunicat
ed t he
count
ry’
s National
l
y Deter
mined
Contr
ibut
ions(NDC)

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
A GREENHOUSE
GASEMI
REDUCT

vehi

i
cl
I
SSI

efuel
economy
&emissi
on
mprovement
ON
&ENERGY
ONVIA

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
sst
r at
egyf
all
swi
thi
nthef
ocusareaofGHGemi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iavehi
cl
e
f
ueleconomyandemissi
oni
mprovement
.

I
nt he anal y
sisper formed on v ehi
c l
efuelc onsumpti
on,itwasf ound thatthereisa
si
gnif
icantgap bet ween the average fuelc ons umpti
on ofpas s
engerv ehic
les i
nt he
countryc ompar ed tot he ASEAN FuelEc onomy Roadmap t argetand Gl obalFuel
Eff
ici
enc yInit
iat
ives( GFEI )bestpracti
ces .Theai mistogr aduallyreducethegapand
ali
gntoi nter
nationalbes tpract
icesatal aterphas e.Theindicatorsaretheav er
agef uel
economyandGHGemi ss
ionperk m onnewv ehicl
esonther oadandt henati
onalaverage
oftotalv ehicl
es on t he road.The i mplement ati
on wi
llinclude the set
ti
ng up ofan
ecosystem andMRVf orreporti
ngpur poses .

Fort he str
ategyt o be successful,allaspec t
sneed t o be s i
mul taneouslyaddressed.
Regul at
ionsonv ehicl
ebeingal l
owedt oentert hemar k etandr unont heroadneedt o
i
nc orporat
ec arbonemi ss
ionc ri
teri
a.Vehic l
emanuf acturersneedt obei ncent
ivi
sedt o
produc evehicl
est hatemi t
sloweremi ssi
onl evel.Roadus ersneedt obeeduc at
edand
i
nformedt oenabl ethem tomak eani nfor
medpur chasingdec i
sionwhenpur chas i
nga
vehicle,aswel lasenc ouragedt oens urev ehiclefit
nes s,inc
ludingi nterm ofv ehicl
e
emi ssi
onlevel,duringthelif
eoft heirv
ehicle.Vehi cl
enol ongerfitforroadus emayneed
t
obedeal twithinthebes tpos si
bleway .

Analysisshowsthatgoodsv ehic l
esimpac tonenergyconsumpt i
onandCO2i sveryhigh
rel
ati
v etoitsinventor
y.Rel at
ivet ootherv ehi
cl
es ,goodsv ehi
cleshav elow VKT but
consume a s i
gni
ficantpercentage oftotalenergyc onsumption and emita si
gnif
ic
ant
percentageoftot
alGHG emi ssion.Ones egmentthatneedt obemor evi
si
blei
nt er
m of
regulat
ionsist
her ebui
ldvehicl
es ,asitcanc ont
ri
butetowardss i
gnif
icantGHG emissi
on.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thisstrat
egyistheseconds t
rat
egywit
hint
hefocusareaofGHG emi
ssi
on& ener
gy
reduc
tionviavehi
cl
efueleconomyandemiss
ioni
mprovement
.

Anotherimportantini
ti
ati
veisec odriv
ing.St udi
eshav eshownt hatenergyeff
ici
entdri
ving
(s
omet i
mesr eferr
edt oasec o-dri
vi
ng)c ans i
gni
fi
cantl
yhel pr educeener gyconsumption
and,hence,reduc eGHG emi s si
ons.Theai mi stohavethemax i
mum pos si
blenumberof
pri
vateandc ommer ci
alvehicledri
verspr acti
seenergyef f
icientdrivi
ngtherebyreducing
GHGemi ssi
on. Thes t
rat
egyi ncl
udestrainingfordr
ivers;enforcement (wherepossi
blefor
pri
vateandc ommer ci
alvehicl
edrivers)andc ommuni cat
ion;andmar keti
ngandbr anding
(f
orprivat
ev ehicl
edr i
vers)
.Implement ati
onofagr eenfreightpr ogr
ammewi l
lshowc ase
busi
nes secodr i
vingadoptionandbes tpracti
ces.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Lightdut
yvehi cl
esmak eupas i
gnif
icantporti
onofvehicl
esonMal aysi
anr oads.Theyare
responsi
blef ormor et
han50% ofGHG emi ssi
onoflandtransport
.Wi t
ht henumberof
vehicl
esex pectedt oi
nc r
ease,thecount r
yneedsamor eaggr
es si
venat i
onaltargetf
or
GHG emi ss i
onl evelf
orc arssoldeac hy eartomeett heASEAN t argetby2026,and
eventual
l
y,t heGl obal
Fuel Eff
ici
encyInit
iati
ves(GFEI)by2030.Theac t
ionplanc al
lsf
or
graduali
mpr ovementt owardsbothnat i
onalaverageforFEandCO2.

1.Toestabli
shanat
ionalGHG emissi
onli
mit(andFE)tar
getfornew vehi
cl
esand
al
i
gni
ngt oASEANandGlobalFuelEf
fi
ci
encyI
nit
iat
i
ves(
GFEI).

•2021:Focusingonli
ghtdutyvehi
cl
estoestabli
shnati
onalt
arget
•2021-2023:Nati
onalt
argetof144gCO2/km( equi
val
entto6.2L/
100km)f
orpassenger
vehicl
es.
•2024-2026:Nati
onalt
argetof123gCO2/km( equi
val
entto5.3L/
100km)f
orpassenger
vehicl
es.
•2027-2030:Nati
onalt
argetof95gCO2/km( equiv
alentt
o4.1L/100k
m)forpassenger
vehicl
es.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Ones t
rategi
cas pecti
nmov i
ngt owardst heac hi
ev ementoft henati
onalGHG emissi
on
l
imittargetistheVTApr ocesstoincludet hec onsiderati
onofv ehi
cl
eex haustemi
ssi
on
rat
ing.Vehi cl
eTy peAppr oval(VTA)pr oc es
sens ureonl yr
oad- wor
thyv ehi
cl
esareon
Malay si
anr oad.VTA al sov al
i
datingal lther equirements etbySt andardsarebei
ng
adheredt o.Alt
houghex haustemi ssi
onispar tofthes tandar
d,VTAMal aysi
ahaveyett
o
i
ncludet hisasthemandat orypas si
ngitem.

1.Expl
oreac ompul
soryconsi
derat
i
on ofexhaustemis
s i
on r
ati
ng i
n Vehi
cl
e Type
Appr
oval(
VTA).
2.TohaveKASAorit
srel
evantagencybei
ntheVTAc ommitt
ee.

•2021:I
ncl
usionofexhaustemissi
onaspar
tofVTAr equi
rement.Val
i
datedfi
gur
esto
beusedf ort
heemissionandFEperf
ormancei
ndicatoroft
hevehi
cles.
•2021onwards:Revisi
onofFEandCO2emi ssi
onst
andardstobeaccordancet
othe
tobedec i
dedtestcycl
es.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
GHGemi ssi
on&FEl abell
i
ngwoul dserveasmeansf oreducati
onandawar enes sforcar
buyersonemi ssi
onlevelandf ueleconomyofc ars,andmayr esulti
nbetterdec i
si
on
mak i
ngforcarbuyersi
ns electi
ngvehic
leswit
hbet t
erfueleconomyandemi ssi
onl evel
.
GHG emi ssi
on& FE labelli
ngs houl
dbei mplementedass oonaspos si
bleus i
ngthe
dri
ving cycl
ecurrent
ly used forFE and GHG emi ssi
on det erminati
on.Afterwards,
l
abel l
i
ngcanadoptthenewdr i
vingcycl
ewheni tcomesintoeffec t
.Thev al
uesar etobe
vali
datedbyVTAandmadec ompuls
oryforbothnew vehi
c l
eregi str
ati
onandus edand
greyimport
s.

1.Toimpl
ementGHG emi
ssi
on& FE l
abel
l
ingaspar
tofi
nfor
medpur
chasedeci
si
on
appr
oach.

1.
3A:I
nst
it
uter
equi
rementt
oshowGHG emi
ssi
on,FE,andpot
ent
ialsavi
ngsatpoi
ntof
sal
es.

a.I
ntr
oduc ethebestGHG emi s s
ion&FEl abell
ingt oinc orpor
ateemissi
onlevel
,
f
uel economyandpot enti
alsavi
ngsandot heras pec t
ss uc hassaf
ety(
2021).
b.Implement GHGemi ssion&FEl abell
i
ng(withc urr
ent drivi
ngcycl
e;i
.e.
,theNew
EuropeanDr i
vi
ngCy cle(NEDC)( 2021onwar ds )
.
c.AdoptWor l
dwide Harmonised Li
ghtVehi c
le Tes tPr ocedure(WLTP)dr i
vi
ng
cycl
eforGHG emi ssi
on&FEl abell
ing(2024onwar ds).

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Regulat
iononvehi
cleengi
neemissionl
eveli
sonecruci
alwaytoensur
et hatt
hetarget
ed
emissi
onlevelismetbyallnew vehi
cl
es.TheDis
elHi j
auinc
enti
ves chemes houldbe
updat
edt oencour
ageopti
ngforhi
gherstandar
ds(
thantheminimum r
equi r
ement)
.

1.Toi
mpr
over
egulat
ionsonengineemi
ssionlevelf
ornewvehi
cles.
2.Toi
mpr
ovei
ncenti
vesonengineemiss
ionlevelf
ornewvehicl
es.

1.
4A:Updat
eregul
ati
onsofEur
oemi
ssi
onst
andar
dfornewpet
rolvehi
cl
es.

a.Updater egul
ati
onsrequi
ri
ngnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o4r
equi
rement
sforal
l
pet
rolenginevehi
cl
esin2021.
b.Updater egul
ati
onsrequi
ri
ngnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o5r
equi
rement
sforal
l
pet
rolenginevehi
cl
esin2026.
c.Updater egul
ati
onsrequi
ri
ngnew v
ehicl
esmeetEur
o6r
equi
rement
sforal
l
pet
rolenginevehi
cl
esin2030.

1.
4B:Updat
eregul
ati
onofEur
oemi
ssi
ons
tandar
dfornewdi
esel
vehi
cl
es.

a.Updat
er egul
ati
onsr equi
ri
ngnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o4r
equi
rement
sforal
l
di
eselengi
nevehicl
esin2021.
b.Updat
er egul
ati
onsr equi
ri
ngnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o5r
equi
rement
sforal
l
di
eselengi
nevehicl
esin2026.
c.Updat
er egul
ati
onsr equi
ri
ngnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o6r
equi
rement
sforal
l
di
eselengi
nevehicl
esin2030.

1.
4C:Updat
eEur
oemi
ssi
onst
andar
dforengi
necer
ti
fi
cat
ioni
nDi
sel
Hij
aus
cheme.

a.
Updat
eDi
selHi
j
auschemet
oEur
o5engi
nest
andar
d(2021)
.
b.
Updat
eDi
sel
Hij
auschemet
oEur
o6engi
nest
andar
d(2026)
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Poorl
ymaintai
nedv ehicl
ec anbeonec auseforpooremissi
onlevel
.A goodv ehicl
e
i
nspecti
onpoli
cyc anbeas i
gnif
icantf
actortorai
seawarenessaswell
asimplementati
on
ofgoodvehi
clemai ntenance,whileatt
hes amet i
meeli
minat
ev ehi
cl
ewithbademi ssi
on
l
evelfr
om t
her oad.

1.Toex
plor
ecompul
sor
yvehi
cl
eins
pec
ti
onandend-
of-
li
fevehi
cl
e(ELV)r
egul
ati
ons.

1.
5A:Compulsoryv ehi
cleinspecti
onpol i
cy .
a.Formul
ati
onof t
hebes tpossibl
epol i
cyforv ehi
clei
nspect
ionpol
i
cy(2021-
2023)
.
b.I
mplement ati
onofv ehi
cleinspec t
ionpolicy(2024onwards).
c.Conti
nuousmoni tori
ngandi mpr ovement( 2024onwar ds)
.
1.
5B:End-of
-l
if
ev ehicl
e(ELV)pol i
cy.
a.Formul
ati
onoft hebes tpos si
blepolicyforELVpol i
cy(2021-
2023)
.
b.I
mplement ati
onofELVpol i
cy(2024onwar ds )
.
c.Conti
nuousmoni tori
ngandi mpr ovement( 2024onwar ds)
.

Freightfor
warderslackk nowledgeinimprovi
ngenergyperformancec ondit
ionsinthe
f
reighttr
ansportsect
or.Themaj ori
ty(
morethan50%)ofregi
steredgoodsv ehi
c l
esare15
yearsoldormor e.Goodsv ehicl
eshav ea4.4% shareoftotalvol
umeofv ehicl
esbut
goodsv ehi
cleshavethes econdhighestGHG emissi
onsamongt otalt
ransportmode.

1.Toi
mpl
ementGr
eenLogi
sti
c(Fr
eightandGoodsVehi
cl
es)pr
ogr
amme.

1.
6A:Dev elopFuel Ec onomyBas el
inef orf r
eight/heavydut yvehicles.
a.Final isationofEner gyEf fi
cientdef initi
onf orlargers egmentv ehicles( heavy
v ehic les).
b.Es tabl i
s hs yst
em forc oll
ec t
ingdat a,benc hmarkingperformanc eof greenf rei
ght
tec hnol ogi esandr epor t
ingmet hodol ogies.
1.
6B:Establ ishnat i
onal l
evel greenf reightpr ogrammef orbusiness esandi ndus tr
ies.
a.Promot eadopt i
onofener gys av ingandemi ssi
onr educ i
ngs tr
ategiesi nfrei
ght
trans por t
.
b.Moni tor,reportandv eri
fy.
1.
6C:Expl oringl owemi ssi
onv ehicl
et ec hnologies .
a.Ex plor eandev al
uatev ari
ousl ow emi ssionvehi cl
etec hnologiesinf rei
ghtand
goodst rans port.
b.Enc our agef oradoptionofi dent ifiedl owemi ssionv ehi
c l
etec hnologies .
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Regulationonv ehicl
eengineemi ssi
onleveli
sonec ruc i
alwaytoens ur
et hatt
hetargeted
emissionl evelismetbyal lnew vehicl
es.TheDi selHi j
auincenti
ves chemes houldbe
updated t o enc our
age opti
ng forhighers t
andards( t
han the mini
mum r equi
rement )
.
Rebuildv ehiclesc anbeones egmentthatrunont her oadwithoutthes amel evelof
regul
ationsasnew v ehi
cl
es ,henceas tudyfoc
us i
ngont hisaspectisdeemedneeded,
andanyi denti
fiedimprovementneedt obei mplement ed.

1.Toi
mpr
over
egul
ati
onandi
ncent
i
vesonengi
neemi
ssi
onl
evelf
ornewvehi
cl
es.

1.
7A:Updat
eregul
ati
onofEur
oemi
ssi
ons
tandar
dfornewdi
eselvehi
cl
es.

a.Updat
er egul
ati
onsr equir
ingnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o4r
equi
rement
sforal
l
di
eselengi
nevehicl
es( 2021)
.
b.Updat
er egul
ati
onsr equir
ingnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o5r
equi
rement
sforal
l
di
eselengi
nevehicl
es( 2026)
.
c.Updat
er egul
ati
onsr equir
ingnew vehi
cl
esmeetEur
o6r
equi
rement
sforal
l
di
eselengi
nevehicl
es( 2030)
.

1.
7B:Updat
eEur
oemi
ssi
onst
andar
dforengi
necer
ti
fi
cat
ioni
nDi
sel
Hij
aus
cheme.

a.
Updat
eDi
selHi
j
auschemet
oEur
o5engi
nest
andar
d(2021)
.
b.
Updat
eDi
selHi
j
auschemet
oEur
o6engi
nes
tandar
d(2026)
.

1.
7C:I
mpr
over
egul
ati
onf
orr
ebui
l
dvehi
cl
es.

a.
Formul
ati
onofnecessaryimprovementonregul
ati
onf
orr
ebui
l
dvehi
cl
es(
2021)
.
b.
Impl
ementat
ionofi
mpr ovedregulat
ion(
2024).

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Poorl
ymaint
ainedv ehi
cl
ec anbeonec auseforpooremi ssi
onlevel.I
mpr ovementofl
ow
car
bonemi ssi
oni nHDV i nspect
ionregulat
ionsc anbeas i
gni
ficantfactortoensure
i
mplementat
ionofgoodv ehiclemaintenance,whileatthes amet imeel i
minatevehi
cle
wit
hbademi ssionlevelf
rom t heroad.Vehiclenol ongerfitf
orr oadus eneedt obe
managed and disposed appropri
atel
y,and wi t
h no c l
earend- of-
li
fev ehicl
e pol
i
cy,
abandonedvehi
c l
eswhichbec omeshaz ardbecomesoneunwant edout come.

1.Toimprovelow car
bonemissi
onr
equi
rementi
ninspec
tionr
egul
ati
onandexpl
ore
end-
of-
li
fef
orHDVandr ebui
l
dHDV.

1.
8A:I
mpr
ovel
owcar
bonemi
ssi
onr
equi
rementi
nHDVi
nspect
ionr
egul
ati
ons.

a.Finali
sat
ionofthebes tpossibl
epol i
cyf
orlow carbonemissi
onrequi
rementi
n
HDVi nspect
i
onr egulat
ions(2021-2023)
.
b.Implementat
ionofimprov ementinHDVi nspect
ionregul
ati
ons(2024onwar
ds)
.
c.Continuousmonitor
ingandi mprovement(2024onwar ds
).

1.
8B:End-
of-
li
fevehi
cl
e(ELV)pol
i
cyf
orHDVandr
ebui
l
dHDV.

a.Devel
opment oft
hebestpossi
blepol
icyf
orELVpoli
cyforHDVandrebuil
dHDV
(
2021-2023).
b.I
mplement at
ionofELVpolicyf
orHDVandr ebui
l
dHDV( 2024onwards)
.
c.Conti
nuousmoni tor
ingandimprovement(
2024onwards).

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Trai
ningincreasesdri
verawarenessandunder s t
anding.Thishel
pst hem driveinway s
t
hatimpr ovefueleff
ici
ency.Dri
vercampaignst hatfocusonc ostsavings,traff
i
cs af
et y
andrelaxeddr i
vinghavebeenpr ovens uperi
orasoppos edt
oonest hatfoc usont he
envi
ronmentorCO2emi ssi
onreduct
ion.Thisisex emplif
iedbyNetherlands’successful
eco-
dr i
vi
ngc ampaignsofthesame.I
mpr ovedfueleffi
ciencymeanslessGHGemi ssi
ons .

1.Toint
roduceeco-
dri
vi
ngc omponenti
nnew dri
ver
’st
rai
ningc
our
set
oobt
aindr
ivi
ng
l
ic
ense.
2.Toest
abli
shcommunicat
ion,mark
eti
ngandbrandi
ng.

2.
1A:I
ntr
oduceeco-
dri
vi
ngcomponenti
nnew dr
ivert
rai
ningcour
set
oobt
aindr
ivi
ng
l
i
cense.

a.For
mulat
ionofeco-
dri
vi
ngimplementat
i
onprogr
am (2021-
2022).
b.I
mplementeco-
dri
vi
ngc omponenti
nnewdri
vert
rai
ningcourse(
2023onwar
ds)
.

2.
1B:I
mpl
ementcommuni
cat
ion,mar
ket
i
ng,andbr
andi
ng.

a.Dev i
seconceptofcampaignt
obelaunc
hed(2021-2022)
.
b.Deploy TV and radi
oc ommerc
ial
s,pri
nt,i
nfor
mat i
on des
k and s
uppor
ti
ng
act
ivi
ti
es(2023onwards)
.
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Dri
vi
ngbehav i
ourisidentifi
edasones i
gnifi
cantf
actorthatcani mprovefuelef
fi
ciency
andemissionlevel
.Hi ghlyinef
fi
cientand/oraggressivedrivi
ngbehav i
ouralsoledt o
acci
dentanddeath.Trainingincr
easesdriverawarenessandunder standi
ng.Thi
shel ps
t
hem dri
veinwayst hatimprovefueleff
ici
encyaswel lassafety.I
mprovedfuelef
fi
ciency
meanslessGHG emi ssions.

1.Tomakemandatoryeco-
dri
vi
ngtrai
ningf
orc
ommercialdri
ver
s.
2.Toenf
orcedr
ivermoni
tor
ingsyst
em oncommer
cial
v ehi
cl
edriver
s.

2.
2A:I
ntr
oduceec
o-dr
ivi
ngt
rai
ningr
equi
rementf
orc
ommer
cialdr
iver
s.

a.Engagewit
hs t
akehol
dersofcommer ci
aldr
ivertr
aini
ng(2021-
2022)
.
b.I
mplementregul
areco-dr
ivi
ngprogrammes(2021-2025)
.
c.I
nsti
tut
eeco-dr
ivi
ngrequi
rementforal
ldri
ver
s( 2026onwards)
.

2.
2B:Enf
orcedri
vermonit
ori
ngs yst
em onc ommercialvehi
cl
edriver
s.
a.I
ncent
ivi
sec ommercialtransporttoi mplement dri
ver monit
ori
ng syst
em
(
2023-2025)
.
b.I
mplement/
enfor
cecommer cialdr
ivermoni
tori
ngs ys
tem (
2026-2030)
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 B GREENHOUSE
GASEMI

elect
adopt
SSI

ri
vehi
cl
i
c
e
on
ON
&ENERGY
REDUCTI
ONVIA

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iael
ect
ri
c
mobil
i
tyadopt
ion.

The assessmentofc urrenti nventoryand vehicl

etec hnol
ogi
esindi
cateselect
r i
ccars
provi
des i
gnif
icantenergys avi
ngsandGHG r educt
ion.Hence,elec
tri
cc ar
spr ovi
dea
greatal
ter
nativeforsi
gnifi
c antGHG emi s
s i
onreduct
ionf orl
andtr
ansportprovi
dedthat
GHG emi s
s i
onsfrom t
heel ec t
ri
cit
ys ect
orwil
lconti
nuetoemi tt
hesameorl essamounti
n
t
hey ear
st ocome.

Thec ostf
orthistechnologyisverymuc hrel
atedtogl obalEVbatterypri
ces.Thebatter
y
pri
ceisonas teadydrop; however,t
hefocusofOEMsat t
hemoment i
stolengt
henbatter
y
l
if
es othatt
hec hargecy cl
eisreduced.Thus,cos
t ofcarsisnotr
educ i
ngbut r
atherbat
ter
y
capacit
yisincreasi
ng.Whenopt imum capaci
tyofthebat ter
yisac hi
eved,itisexpect
ed
t
hatv ehi
cl
ec osttober educedandpr i
cepari
tywilleventuall
yoccur.

The l ong-t
erm s ucces s and s us
tainabi
li
ty oft hiss tr
ategy need t oinc l
ude l ocal
manuf acturi
ng,mai ntenanc ec apacit
yandi nfrastr
uc tur
ereadines s
.Ensuri
ngEVc hargi
ng
i
nfrastruct
urer eadinessands upporti
ngl oc
al EVmanuf act
urersarepartofthiss t
rategy.
Thes trat
egyf ocusesoni ncreasingEVpenet rati
onr atewit
har oadmapt hati
nc r
eas esthe
naturalc ompet i
ti
venes s ofEV.Some gov ernment -l
ed adoption i
s needed f ormas s
volume c reati
on t ok i
ckstartand enabl e a wor kable business modelf orl ocalEV
manuf acturi
ngandmai ntenanc e.EVadopt i
onaspar toftaxiservi
cemoder nisati
onand
rebrandingisal soincludedaspar tofthestrategy.

Formassadopt
i
onofEV, PHEV( pl
ug-i
nhybri
delect
ri
cv ehic
les)i
sconsider
edat r
ans
iti
on
t
echnol
ogymovingt
owardsful
lBEV( bat
ter
yelect
ri
cvehicles)
.Thi
swillberef
lect
edbythe
t
arget
sofPHEVandBEVov erthecourseoft
hes hor
t-
term,medium-term,andlong-
term
i
mplement
ati
onphases.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iael
ect
ri
c
mobil
i
tyadopt
ion.

The assessmentofc ur
rentinvent
oryand vehi
cl
et echnologiesindicat
esthatelect
ri
c
busesprovi
des i
gni
fi
cantenergysavingandGHG reducti
on( 48% reducti
oncomparedto
di
eselbuses )
.Hence,el ect
ri
cbus esprovi
de a gr
eatalternati
vef orsigni
fi
cantGHG
emissi
onreducti
on.

Themaj or
ityofcurr
entbusesrunons ubsi
diseddieselpri
ce.Basedonthemodals hare
t
arget,t
henumberofbus esneedstobei ncr
eas edabout3-4timesthecurrentf
l
eetsi
z e.
Dieselbusesproducehighemissi
onandhar mf ulgases.Theelect
ricbus,ontheother
hand,ishi
ghlyrecommendedbec auseitsi
gnifi
cantl
yreducesGHG emi ssi
onand,atthe
samet i
me,produceszerotai
lpi
pedischar
ge.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iael
ect
ri
c
mobil
i
tyadopt
ion.

Themot or
cycleisthemosteff
ici
entmodef orpersonalmot or
isedtransport
.Mot orcycl
es
havehighVKT( 42%)butconsumeonl y12.3% oft otalener
gyandemi t12.4% oft otal
GHG emi ssi
on.Thismakesthemotorcycl
eanat tr
activeopti
onforlowc arbonmobi l
it
y.In
t
ermsofGHG emi ssi
onsperpas senger
-km,the el ectr
icmot or
cycle(24.82 gCO2eq/
passenger-
km)ismuc hcl
eanerthanthepetrolcar(140.82gCO2eq/pas senger
-k m).

I
tneedst obepoi nt
edoutt hatel ect
ri
cmot orcycl
esc ans i
gni
fi
cantlyl
owerbot henergy
consumpti
on and GHG emi ssion ofmot orcycl
es c ompared to pet
rolones.Ener gy
consumpti
on bya petrolmot orcycl
ei sabout1. 65x10-6k t
oe/100km whil
et hatofan
elect
ri
cmotorcycl
eisabout0.35x 10-6k t
oe/100km.GHG emi ssi
onforapetrolmotor
cyc l
e
i
sabout60gCO2eq/ km whereasanel ectr
icmot orcyc
legivesout27gCO2eq/ k m.Given
t
hel argenumberofmot or
cyclesi nthec ount r
y,elec t
ri
cmotorcyclescer
tai
nlyprovide
greatpot
enti
alt
oloweringGHG emi ssi
onofl andtr
ans port
.

Onec ommonc onc er

naboutmot or
c ycl
esissafet
y.Al ar
geper c
entageofr oadacci
dents
i
nvolvesmotor
c ycl
es.Nev ert
hel
es s,basedonthec ountr
y’smotorc
y cl
efatal
it
ydata,mos t
off
atali
ti
esoccurinruralareaswithonly8% recordedinc i
ti
es.Hence,promotingelect
ri
c
motorcycl
eadopti
on,inpar t
icul
ar,f
orur banusages houl
dbec onsi
dered.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Adopt
ion ofEV i n gover
nmentand GLC f l
eetsc an be consi
der ed l
ow hanging f
rui
t
comparedtoEVadopt i
onbypriv
atevehicl
eusers.Adopti
onof EVi nthesef
leet
swi l
lwork
ascat
alystsforwideradopti
on.Signi
f
icantEVadopt i
onwi l
lkick
s t
artmarketacceptance
anddevelopawor kablebusinessmodelforEVloc almanufact
ur i
ng.EVsingov ernment
andGLCf leetscanalsobecomer oadadvert
isementsforEVus age.

1.Toest
abl
i
shEVpr
ocur
ementf
orgover
nmentf
l
eetvi
aopent
ender
.
2.Toest
abl
i
shEVpr
ocur
ementf
orGLCfleet
.

3.
1A:Establi
shEVpr ocur
ementf orgov ernmentf l
eetv i
aopentender.
a.ImplementEVpr ocurementforgov er
nmentf leet(
2021–2030) .
b.Createaddit
ionalscori
ngforlocal content(2021–2025).
c.Establi
sh10% targetofnewgov ernmentf l
eettobeBEV( 2022).
d.Establi
sh50% targetofnewgov ernmentf l
eettobeBEV( 2023–2025).
e.Establi
shlocalpr
oduc tqual
i
fi
c ati
onf ortenderparti
ci
pat
ion(2025–2030)
.

3.
1B:Establi
shEVpr ocurementf orGLCfl
eet.
a.Prov i
detaxi ncenti
vesunderGr eenI nves
tmentTechnol
ogyAsset
s( GITA)
schemef orpur
c haseofGr eenTechnologyAsset
sunti
l2030.
b.Establi
sh20% t ar
getofnewGLCf l
eettobeBEV( 2023–2025).
c.Establ
ish50% targetofnewGLCf leettobeloc
all
ymanufact
uredBEV(2026–
2030).

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Taxi
scanbeacat
alystf
orEVadopt
i
onandadv
ert
is
ement
sforEVusage.

1.Toes
tabl
i
shEVpr
ocur
ementf
ort
axi
fleet
.

3.
2A:Est
abli
shEVpr ocurementf
ortax
i f
leet.
Pr
ovideinc
enti
v esforEVpurc
haseoft axisandincomet
axexempt
ionst
oof
fset
hi
ghercapi
talcostofel
ect
ri
cvehicl
e( 2022-2030)
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
ncent
ivesar eneededtobridgethepri
cegap,buildmarkett
rustandcat
aly
s elocal
manufactur
ing.The i
ncent
ives ar
est
ruct
ured by c
onsi
deri
ng PHEV as a t
ransi
ti
on
t
echnologyleadi
ngtoful
lBEV.

1.Toes
tabl
i
shBEV-
speci
f
ici
nc ent
ives.
2.Toest
abl
i
shPHEV-s
peci
fi
cincenti
ves.

3.
3A:BEV- speci
fi
cincenti
ves
a.Provide t
axi ncenti
ves(reduc
ing)to br
idge pri
ce gap,buil
d mark
ettrustand
cat
alyselocalmanuf act
uri
ng.
-BEVCBU Ex c i
seDutyandI mportTaxEx emption(max10, 000vol
umet ot
al)
(2021-2022)
-50% i mportdutyandex ci
sedutyexemption(2023-2025)

3.
3B:PHEV- speci
fi
ci ncent i
ves
a.Prov i
det axexempt ionf orqualif
iedCKDPHEV.
-100% ex empt i
on( 2021- 2022)
-75% ex emption( 2023- 2025)
-50% ex emption( 2026- 2030)
b.Es tabli
sh qualifi
cations bas ed on elect
ri
crange percharge and no engi
ne
chargi
ng.
->30k m atNEDC( 2021- 2022)
->55k m atNEDC( 2023- 2024)
->75k m atWLTP( 2025- 2027)
->100k m atWLTP( 2028- 2030)
c.ProvidePHEVs uppor tforEVc hargi
nginf
rast
ruc
tur
edevelopmentfund.
-RM5, 000perPHEV( 2021- 2025)
-RM3, 000perPHEV( 2026- 2030)

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Private operat
orsar eres ponsi
bletoi nstallchar gi
ng faci
li
ti
eses pecial
l
yal ong major
highway s outsi
de ofurban c entr
es.EV c harging unit
st hatar esolar
-powered and
self
-contained are pref
erable.They wi llnotr equire expensi
ve electr
icalupgrades,
disr
uptivet r
enchingornew f oundati
ons .Ins t
all
ationandmai nt
enanceoff astchargi
ng
outl
etsnot coveredbyprivateoperat
or swillbefinanc edbyanEVDev elopment Fundand
managedbyc hargEV.Al lnew resi
dentials t
ructures,boths i
nglefamil
yandmul t
if
amily
willhavetobeEV- ready.Timeandc ostsforins t
alli
ngEVi nfrast
ruct
ureareex pect
edt o
bemi nimal

1.Toestabli
shnat ionaltar
getf orEVc harginginfrast
ructure.
2.Tofacil
i
tatepri
v ateEVc har gingoper ators.
3.ToprovideEVc harginginfrastr
uc t
ureinar easnots ervi
cedbypri
vat
eoper
ator
s.
4.ToI
nc orporat
er equir
ement fori
ns t
alli
ngEVc har gi
ngfac i
li
t
yinpl
anni
ngper
missi
onf
or
al
lnewbui ldi
ngs .
5.Toprovidetari
ffrevis
ionf orEVc arpubl i
cc harger.
6.Toconduc tst
udyonadv anc edEVc hargingt echnologies.

3.
4A:Establishanat ional targetf orEVc hargi ngi nfras tr
uc ture.
a.Es tablishanat ionalt argetof9000AC c har gingpoi ntsand1000DC c hargi
ng
pointsby2025.
3.
4B:Fac i
l
itatepr i
v ateEVc har gingoper ator s.
a.Es tabl i
sh Gov er nmentf undi ng f or2000 AC c har gi
ng poi nts and 300 DC
char gingpoi ntsasani mmedi atephas e( 2021- 2022) .
b.Ini
tiatepubl i
ct enderf oranat i
onal fas tc har gingnet wor k(2023- 2025) .
c.Prov idetaxi nc entivesunderGr eenI nc omeTaxEx empt i
on( GITE)f orSer vices
until2030.
3.
4C:ProvideEVc har gingi nfras tr
uc tur ei nar easnots erv i
c edbypr iv
ateoper at
ors.
a.Ens ur efastc har geri nstallationf orev ery100k m andatev eryR&Rs topsalong
maj orhighway s( 2023- 2025) .
3.
4D:Incorpor ater equi rementf ori ns talli
ngEVc har gingf ac il
it
yinpl anni ngper missi
on
forall newbui ldings .
a.Es tablishr equi rementgui del i
nesf ori nc orpor at
ionofEV c hargingf aci
li
ti
esf or
newbui ldi
ngss ubj ec ttomi nimum c riteria( 2021- 2022) .
3.
4E:Providet arif
fr ev i
s i
onf orEVc arpubl i
cc har ger .
a.Conduc ts pec i
fict ari
ffs tudyandc ategor isationf orpubl icc hargingf ac i
li
ti
ess et
upf oroper ator sandus er s( 2022) .
b.Conduc ts pec i
fictariffimpl ement ationf orpubl i
cc har gingf aci
li
ti
es( 2022) .
3.
4F:Conduc tstudyonadv anc edEVc har gingt echnol ogi es .
a.Car ryoutf eas ibil
itys t
udyonadv anc edc har gingt echnologies( e.g.wi r
eles s
,
ult
raf astchar ger,V2G ands mar tc har gi ng).
b.Demons tr
at eadv anc edc har gingt ec hnol ogi es( e.g.wi reless,ultrafas tcharger ,
V2G ands mar tc har ging) .
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
f l
ocalmanufact
urersofEVc angr
ow, t
hes pi
lloveref
fectwil
lhelpthegrowthof i
ndus tr
ies
surr
ounding t
he technol
ogy.Thiswillhel
pal otintermsofmai nt
enance and r epair
capabil
i
tiesi
nthec ountryanditwil
lbecomel essdependentonf or
eigncompani esf or
such needs.Currentl
y,thereisno dedicated taxincent
ivef orinvest
menti n‘gr een’
product
ion and dist
ri
buti
on act
ivi
ti
es,suc h as in EV pr oduct
ion,biodiesel
,bi ogas
product
ionanddistr
ibuti
on.Theschemewi llhelpcompaniesc ope

1.Toprovi
des upportf
orl
ocalmanuf
acturersofel
ect
ri
cc ars
2.Toi
ntroduceanewt axincent
i
veschemet ar
get
edat‘green’
indus
tri
es.
3.Toengages takehol
der
sandmanufac t
urers.

a.Pr
ovi
des uppor
tforlocal
manuf
act
urer
sofel
ect
ri
ccar
swi
thR&Dandc
reat
ebusi
ness
matchi
ngwithi
nv est
ors.

b.Int
roduce a new t
ax i
ncenti
ves cheme target
ed at‘gr
een’indust
ri
es incl
uding
compani
esi nvol
vedinproduct
ion,di
str
ibut
ionands er
vicesr
elatedtolow-carbon
t
ranspor
tat
ion.

c.Engages t
akehol
der
sandmanufac t
urer
s;provi
denecess
arysuppor
ttot
hem;and
conductCEPAtoapplyf
ori
ncent
ivesunderGTFSandotherschemes.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
TheEVecos yst
em i
sanint
erpl
ayofsever
alsector
sandstak
eholders.I
tisimperat
ivef
or
t
hesestakehol
derstocometoget
hertodriveEVadopti
on.Inaddit
ion,thegovernment
needst
ocons i
derbui
ldi
ngaholi
sti
cEVec osyst
em whi
l
edev el
opingregulat
oryagenda.

1.Toes
tabl
i
shahol
i
sti
cEVecosyst
em i
nMal
aysi
a.

a.Consi
derahol
i
sti
cEVecosyst
em whi
l
edevel
opi
ngr
egul
ator
yagenda.

b.Est
abl
i
shahol
i
sti
cEVec
osyst
em.

c.Fur
therdevel
opEVecosyst
em t
owar
dsmat
uri
t
y.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Adopti
onofEV ingov ernmentcanbec onsideredlow hangi
ngfr
uitcomparedt
oEV
adopti
onbypri
vat
es ect
ors.EVsingov ernmentc anals
obec omeadver
ti
sementsf
orEV
usage.EV adopt
ion wouldresul
tinreduc t
ion i
n GHG emi ssi
onsespeci
all
ywit
hthe
i
ncreaseofr
enewableenergyinelect
ri
c i
t
ygener ati
on.

1.Toes
tabl
i
she-
buscent
ralpr
ocur
ementagency
.

a.Revol
vi
ngf
undofRM450mi
l
li
onf
ore-
buscompet
it
i
vel
easi
ng.

b.AnnualRM100mi
l
li
onf
und.

c
.Mi ni
str
iesandst
ategover
nmentsubs
c r
ipt
i
ont
oe-
busaspar
tofgover
nmentl
edby
example.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Hi
ghelect
ri
ci
tycostbecomesanobs taclef
orbusoper
atorstoadoptEVbuses.I
ncr
ease
i
nEV adopti
onwouldr es
ultinreducti
oninGHG emissionsespeci
all
ywit
hincr
easeof
r
enewabl
eenergyinelect
rici
tygener
ation.

1.Toes
tabl
i
shpubl
i
ctr
ans
por
tel
ect
ri
ci
tyt
ari
ffandel
ect
ri
ci
tysubsi
dy.

a.Conductspeci
fi
ctar
if
fst
udyandcat
egor
isat
i
onf
orbuschar
gingf
aci
l
it
ies(
2021)
.

b.Conductspeci
fi
ctar
if
fimpl
ement
ati
onf
orbusc
har
gingf
aci
l
it
ies(
2022)
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
f l
oc al
manufact
urer sof EVc angrow, t
hespil
loveref
fectwil
lhel
pthegrowthofi
ndust
ri
es
surroundi
ngthetec hnology.Cur r
entl
y,ther
ei snodedicatedtaxi
ncenti
vefori
nvest
ment
i
n‘ green’pr
oductionanddi stri
but
ionac t
ivi
ti
es.Thes chemewi l
lhelpcompaniescope
wit
hpur chas
eoft ec hnology,rawmat eri
alcosts,mai
ntenanceands mall
ereconomi
esof

1.Topr
ovi
desuppor
ttomanuf
act
urer
sofl
ocalEVbus
.

a.Provide suppor
tforEV bus l
ocalmanuf
act
urer
s wi
th R&D and c
reat
e bus
iness
matchingwithi
nvest
ors
.

b.Intr
oduce a new tax i
ncent
ivescheme targeted at‘gr
een’indus
tri
es incl
uding
compani
esi nvol
ved i
n pr
oduct
ion,di
str
ibut
ion and ser
vicesr
elat
ed tolow-carbon
t
ranspor
tat
ion.

c.Engages t
ak ehol
dersandmanufact
urer
s;provi
denecessarysuppor
ttothem;and
conductCEPAt oapplyf
orcompeti
ti
veGreenTechnol
ogyFinanci
ngscheme(GTFS)
andotherschemes .

d.Devel
opanel
ect
ri
cbusr
oadmap.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Adopt
ionofEV ingovernmentenfor
cementf l
eetcanbeconsi
der
edlow hangi
ngfrui
t
comparedtoEVadopti
onbypr i
vatevehi
cl
eus ers.EVi
ngover
nmentenf
orcementf
leet
canal
s obecomeadver
ti
s ement
sforEVus age.

1.Topr
ocur
eel
ect
ri
cmot
orcycl
esf
orgov
ernmentenf
orcementf
leet
.

a.Gov
ernmentl
eadbyexampl
e.

b.EVpr
ocur
ement
.

c.Char
gingi
nfr
ast
ruc
tur
e.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Adopti
onofEVindel
iver
yservi
cefleet
scanbecons i
deredl
owhangingf
ruitcompar
edto
EV adopti
on by pr
ivat
ev ehi
cle users.EV in deli
ver
ys er
vic
ec an also become
adver
ti
sementsf
orEVus age.Withoutanyi
ncenti
veintheearl
yphase,thehighcapi
tal
costmaybecomeanobs t
acl
e.

1.Tout
i
li
zeel
ect
ri
cmot
orcycl
esf
ordel
i
ver
yser
vice.

Providetaxi
ncenti
vesunderGreenInvest
mentTechnol
ogyAsset
s(GI
TA)schemef
or
purchaseofel
ectr
icmotor
cycl
esfordel
i
v er
yser
vice.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Bat
teryswappi
ngforel
ectri
cmotorcycl
esisonev i
ableopti
ontoful
fi
lrechargeneedsof
el
ectr
icmotor
cycl
eseff
ici
entl
y.Unl
i
kef orcarswherest
andardsandregulat
ionsar
emor e
est
abli
shed,the st
andards and regulat
ions f
or el
ectr
ic motor
cycles need to be
est
abli
shed.

1.Todevel
opbat
ter
yswappi
ngst
andar
dforel
ect
ri
cmot
orc
ycl
esi
nMal
ays
ia

a.Conductst
udyonbat
ter
yswappi
ngecos
y st
em (
2022)
.

b.I
mpl
ementbat
ter
yswappi
ngsyst
em (
2024)
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
flocalmanufac t
urersofEV c an grow,the s pi
llovereffectwi
llhel
pt he growth of
i
ndustr
iessurr
oundingthetechnology.Curr
ent l
y,ther
eisnodedi cat
edtaxincenti
vefor
i
nvestmentin‘ green’product
ion and distr
ibuti
on acti
vit
i
es.The s c
heme wi l
lhelp
companiescope wi t
h pur
chase oftechnology,raw mat er
ialcost
s,maintenance and
smal
lereconomiesofs cal
e.

1.Topr
ovi
desuppor
ttomanuf
act
urer
sofl
ocalel
ect
ri
cmot
orcycl
es.

a.Provi
desupportt
olocalmanufactur
ersofel
ect
ri
cmot
orcycl
eswi
thR&D andcr
eat
e
busi
nessmatchi
ngwit
hi nvest
ors
.

b.Intr
oduce a new tax i
ncent
ivescheme targeted at‘gr
een’indus
tri
es incl
uding
compani
esi nvol
ved i
n pr
oduct
ion,di
str
ibut
ion and ser
vicesr
elat
ed tolow-carbon
t
ranspor
tat
ion.

c.Engages t
akehol
der
sandmanuf act
urer
s,prov
idenecess
arysuppor
tandconduct
CEPA t
oappl yforcompet
it
iveGreenTechnol
ogyFinanci
ngscheme(GTFS)and
ot
herschemes.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 C alt
ernat
fueladopt
i
i
ve
on
GREENHOUSE
GASEMI
REDUCTI
SSI
ON
&ENERGY
ONVIA

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thiss t
rat
egy i
s partoft he f
ocus ar
ea ofGHG emi
ssi
on and ener
gy r
educt
ion vi
a
al
ternat
ivefueladopt
ion.

Higherbiodieselblendswi l
lhavelowerGHG emi ssi
ont hanl owerblends .A l
if
ec ycl
e
analys
isc onductedbyt heAr gonneNationalLaborat
oryfoundt hatemissionsfor100%
biodi
esel(B100)are74% l owerthanthosefrom pet
rol
eum diesel.Recent
ly,theCalif
orni
a
AirRes ourcesBoar dreport
eds imi
larvaluesforit
sli
fe-cycl
eanal ysi
sofbi odi
eselfrom
vari
ouss ources(AFDC,US) .

Goodsv ehicl
epopul at i
oni n2018wasappr ox i
matel
y1. 3mi l
li
onoff r
eightvehicl
es( or
heav ygoodsv ehicl
es ).Forv ehi
c l
esof4000c c–6000c c,t
heyamountt o26% oftot
al,and
t
hos e above 6000c c,24%.I nr ecenty ear
s ,new r egist
rati
on off reightvehi
c l
es has
f
luct
uat edaround30, 000new r egist
rat
ionseac hyear.Av as tmaj ori
tyofgoodsv ehicles
runondi esel(76%) .At otalof57. 1% i
sc ert
if
iedas“ di
s elhi
jau”whi leanother18.9% hav e
dieselenginesnotc erti
fi
edass uch.Thedi es elgoodsv ehicles egmenti sanimpor tant
segmentasi t
sGHG emi ssi
onsamountt o22. 7% oftotalGHG emi ssi
onsalt
hought hey
numberonl y4. 4% oftotal vehicl
epopul ati
oni nthelandt r
ans portsec t
or.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thiss t
rat
egy i
s partoft he f
ocus ar
ea ofGHG emi
ssi
on and ener
gy r
educt
ion vi
a
al
ternat
ivefueladopt
ion.

Natur algasissaferthangas oli

neinmanyr espect
s(Kowal ewi ez,1984) .I
tisalsocleaner
t
hanei t
hergasol
ineordi eselasfarasemi ssi
onsarec onc erned.Ot herbenefi
tsinclude
resour ceavail
abi
lit
y;envi
ronment alcompat i
bil
it
y;l
oweroper atingc osts;andc onventi
onal
dieseland gas oli
ne engine us abili
ty.Al t
hough itisc hal l
enging t or un CNG i n
non- optimi
sedpetrolordieselengines,i
t i
sagr eatf
ueli
f apr opergasengi neisused. The
adopt ionofCNG inv ehi
clesc anbringtheemi ssi
onleveltoEur o6s tandardwhi c
hi sv er
y
goodf orhumanheal t
h.Intermsofnat i
v egasenginevehi cl
eadopt i
on,i tmaybeeas i
erto
projec tadopt
ioni
nbusorgoodsv ehicl
ef l
eetv er
susprivat
ev ehicl
es.

Bi
ogasobt ainedfr
om oil pal
m mill
sorlandfill
shast hepotenti
alt
os igni
fi
cantl
yc ontr
ibute
t
owar dsr educti
onoftotalGHG emi ssi
onandhast hec apacit
ytobepr oducedloc al
ly.In
f
uelterms ,thepropert
yofbi ogasisthes ameasCNG;henc e,t
headoptionofbiogasi nto
NGV engi nes i
ss eaml ess as no ret
rofi
tt
ing isrequi
red.Met hane migrati
on intot he
at
mos pher ei ssi
gnif
icantlyhar
mf uli
nt hec ontextofGHG.Capt ur
ingmet hanegasand
usi
ng bi ogas to powerv ehi
cl
es hav e a huge pos i
ti
vei mpactin nettnationalGHG
emission.

Potenti
albiogasadopti
ont hatcanbel ook edint
oistheinject
i
onofbi ogasint
othegas
pi
peli
ne. Thiswi
lli
ntr
oduceandinc r
eas etherenewablemixingassuppl
y .Bi
ogascanal
so
beus edinanyl ocalvehi
cleapplicat
ion,forinst
ance,st
agebus es.I
nt hecaseofNGV
busesrunningon100% bi ogas,iti
sef fect
ivel
ythebestforGHG emi ssi
onasthefueli
s
t
otall
yrenewable.

Li
quef i
edPet r
oleum Gas( LPG)i sami xtureofBut aneandPr opane,andi tcomesf r
om
naturalgaspr oc essi
ngandc rudeoilref
ining.Itisac olour
lessandodour lessgas,and
et
hy lmer captani saddedtogi veitastr
ongs melltoenabledet ec t
ionofanyl eakages .
LPG hast hel owes tgr
eenhous egasemi ss i
onst hanother(f
os si
l)fuels.Thi
ss ul
phurfree
emiss i
onpr oduc esnosmok e,nos ootanddoesnothav eanyun- burntc ar
bonparti
cles.It
i
sal soc onsideredasas afef uel,asLPG bur nsonlyifthepr oporti
onofLPG i sbetween
1.8% and9. 5% int heLPG-airmi xt
ure.Withleanerorri
c hermixture,itmaynotev enbur n.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
n2017Toy otaJ PNt axi
wasi ntr
oducedi nt her unupt ot
he2020Ol ympicGames .Iti
san
LPGhy bri
dtax i,whi chus esLPGandel ec tr
icdr ivet
raintoac hi
eve19.4k m/lfueleconomy
(ontheJapanes eJ C08c ycl
e).Bymi d-2020i tisex pect
edt hatJPN taxiwi l
laccountfor
aboutone-t
hirdof theTok yof
leet.Howev er,theLPGt axicostal
mos tathir
dmor ethanthe
modeli treplac es ( note:due t os ever alf ac t
orsi ncl
uding the des i
gn oft he taxi)
.
Governments ubs idi
esar egivi
ngt axif
irmsi nc enti
vest obuyt hev ehi
cles;howev er,t
he
subsi
dieswilldis appearonc eOl ympicsended.Theappl icati
onofLPG hy bri
dast axiin
Tokyoisani nteres t
ingc ases t
udy,andi tmaybebes tt
oobs ervethedev elopmentafter
t
he2020Ol y mpi csGamesendedt oformul atet hebes tst
rategyforanyapplicati
onof LPG
vehi
cleinMal ays ia.

I
fmassadopti
onisatarget,thesuccessofTurkeythatachi
evethehighestper
c entageof
LPG vehi
cl
esintheworldc anbelinkedt ot
heTur ki
shgovernment’
sappl i
cat
ionofhi gh
t
axesuponpetrol
anddieselpri
ces,l
eadingtowardsconvert
ingvehi
cl
esintoLPGv ehicl
es
pr
oducingadvant
ageof35% t o40% savings.

Hydrogenisaviablealt
ernat
ivef
uelsourcetofossi
lf
uelsandwasint
roducedintheEighth
Malaysi
aPlan.Hy drogenisanodourl
es sandc ol
ourl
essgasinpurefor
m.I ti
sanener gy
car
rier
,li
keelectr
ici
ty,andnotanener gys our
ce.Theref
ore,i
tdoesnotproduc eenergy
butcanbeus edtos tor
eanddeli
verener gythati
slat
erconver
tedtousableforms.

Hy drogenac t
sasfueli
npowergener ati
onortr
ansportbyutil
i
s i
ngfuelcel
ls.Widespread
useofhy dr
ogenasac l
eanener gyc ar
ri
ercanpotenti
all
ybear ealsol
uti
ont oprobl
ems
regardingcli
matechanges uc hasglobalwarmi
ng,carbonemi ssi
onandener gys ecuri
ty.
Asf orthehy dr
ogenfuelcellbus,thr
eehy dr
ogenbus esarec urr
entl
yinit
sr eli
abi
li
tyrun
andwi llbetest
edaspartoft hepil
otproj
ectf
orhydrogenv ehi
clesinKuchi
ng,Sar awak.

Asthegov ernment sofJapanandSouthKoreahavemadehy drogen-bas edtransport

ati
on
cent
raltotheirenergy,t
hes et
womar ket
sbec ometar
getmarketsforhy drogenex port
ers.
Austr
ali
awasr eport
edtobeaimingtoex pandexpor
tsofhydrogent oJ apan,whi l
ealso
i
denti
fi
edSout hKor eaasapr omisi
ngmar ketf
orAustr
ali
anhy dr
ogen.Thes epr omisi
ng
marketsforgr eenhy dr
ogenmayal sobeapar toft
hes t
rat
egyofhy drogenpr oducti
on
proj
ectinSar awak .

One c hal l
enge fort he hydrogen ec onomy i st o bring the c ostdown f orhy dr
ogen
production.Japanhav especif
iedi nt hei
rs t
rategyt owardsbei ngc arbon- neut r
alofcutt
ing
t
hec ostofproduc i
ngc arbondiox i
de- fr
eehy drogent oles sthanat enthofc urr
entlevelby
2050.The I nt
ernationalEner gy Agenc y( IEA)ment ioned thatt he c os tofpr oducing
hydrogenf rom renewabl eener gyc ouldfall,butwar nedaboutmaj orc hallengess uchas
sl
ow dev el
opmentofi nfr
astr
uc tur
eandr egulatoryhur dl
es .A l
ac kofr ef uelli
ngs t
ati
ons,
whichar ec ost
lytobui l
d,inturnbec omest hebi gges tobstacletowi des preadadopt i
onof
hydrogenf uelcellvehicl
es(FCVs )
.Addi ti
onally,thereisthec ostofthev ehi cleit
sel
f,which
i
ss igni
ficantl
yhighert hantheI CEc ounterpartev enwi ths i
gnif
icants ubs idies.However,
automak ersc ontendt hatonc es alesv olumesi ncrease,ec onomi esofs calewillmak e
subs i
diesunnec essary.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
nc onsi
derat ionoft hewhol el andt rans porteco-syst
em,onepos si
blef actorbehi ndthe
rel
uc t
anc eins hi
ft
ingfrom fossilfuel
st oalternat
ivefuel
sandener gys ourcesi nthec ountry
i
st herelati
v elylowpr iceofpet rolanddi esel f
uel.Thehigherpri
cesoft hes efuelsinother
countri
esopent hef ieldforgr eenal ternativefuelstocontendfinanc i
all
yi nthemar ket.
Conv ersely,itisverydi f
fi
cultforanygr eenal t
ernati
vefuelt
oc ompetei nthemar ketgiven
t
hec ur
rentl ow pr i
ceofpet r
olanddi es elfuelhere.Atthes amet i
me,l ow pr i
cesr ewar d
t
hos ewhoc onsumemor ef uelr esult
ingi ninc r
easedpolluti
on.Wi thas ubs i
disedf uel
regime,thos ewhoc onsumemor ewoul dbet hebenef i
ci
ari
esofthes ubsidyc ompar edto
t
hos eoft hel oweri ncomegr oupwhot endt ohav esmallervehicl
es .A mor eeffective
mec hanisms houldbec ons i
der edtobenef itt
heenv i
ronmentandatt hes amet i
meav oid
burdeningt hel oweri ncomegr oup.

Wit
hEV ex pect
edt ohav eincr
easei nadopt i
onwi thti
me,oneener gyi ndustr
ythatis
si
gni
fi
canttowards achi
ev i
ng t
he targetofl ow carbon mobil
it
yisthe el ect
ri
c power
i
ndust
ry.Witht
heemi ssionfact
orofelectr
ici
tydirect
lyaf
fectt
het ot
alcarbonemi ssi
onof
EV,anati
onalt
argetemis si
onf
actorlevel
shoul dbeident
if
ied,ontopofrenewableenergy
el
ect
ri
cit
ygenerati
ontarget.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
ncreas i
ngthebi
odieselport
ioninbl endswil
li
mproveemis s
ionl
evelsofdi
eselvehi
cl
es.
Toincreaseover
allbi
odieseladoption,twoapproachesar
eav ai
l
able:
a.EnforceB30foralldi
eselvehi
c l
es ,or
b.I
mpl ementB100forspec i
fi
edv ehicles
,suchascitybuses.

1.Toi
mplementhigherbi
odies
elbl
endsfordi
eselv
ehicl
es.
2.ToconductCommunicati
on,Educat
ionandPubli
cAwarenes
s(CEPA)i
npar
tner
shi
p
wit
hOEMst opromoteuseofbiodi
esel
.

4.
1A:Implementhi gherbi
odi
es elbl
endsfordies
el vehi
cl
es.
a.I
mpl ementB20i n2020( 2020).
b.Conduc tin-dept
hs t
udyonhi gherbiodi
eselimplementat
ion:useofB30forall
dieselv ehicl
es and use ofB100 f ors peci
fi
ed vehicl
es (e.
g.cit
y buses
)
(2020-2021) .
c.I
mplementB30f oralldi
eselvehi
clesand/orB100forspecif
iedvehi
cl
es(2022)
.

4.
1B:ConductCommuni cati
on,Educati
onandPubl icAwareness(CEPA)i
npart
ner
shi
p
wit
hOEMst opromoteus eofbiodi
esel.
a.EngagewithOEMs( 2020-
2021).
b.For
mulateCEPAs tr
ategi
es(2021-2022).
c.I
mplementCEPAt opromoteus eofbiodi
esel(
2022-2025)
.
d.Requir
eB100bus estohaveadv ert
isementspromoti
ngthem asf
ull
ybi
odi
esel

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Ther equi
rementofengi neemi ssi
onlev elisonec rucialwaytoens urethatallnew
vehicl
esmeetemi ssiontarget.Onei ssueraised,withregardtotheadopti
onofhi gher
biodi
eselblendsin dies
elf uel,i
st he suit
abil
it
yofdi eselvehi
cl
es .Bymak i
ng di
esel
vehicl
esto be FAME pr epared asa s tandardfeature ofVTA requir
ementon diesel
vehicl
esaswel lasforther ebuil
dt r
ucks,allvehicl
eswi llber
eadyf oranyincreasein
biodi
eselbl
end.

1.Toupdat
eVTArequi
rement
sonnewdieselvehi
cl
est
obeFAMEprepar
ed.
2.Toi
ntr
oducear
equir
ementforr
ebui
l
dtr
uckstobeFAMEprepar
ed.

4.
2A:UpdateVTAr equir
ementsonnewdi esel vehi
cl
estobeFAMEpr epared.
a.Updaterel
atedpoli
ci
esofVTAt oincl
udeFAMEpr epareddieselvehicl
es(whi
ch
enable di
eselvehicl
estorun with higherbiodi
eselblendswi thoutneed t
o
upgradeanyc omponent
)(2020).
b.Enf
orcepolicyofFAMEprepareddies elvehi
cl
esbyVTA( 2023).

4.
2B:Int
roducearequi
rementf
orr
ebuil
dtruckst
obeFAMEpr epared.
a.Conductst
udyonhowt oi
ntr
oducetherequi
rementasapol i
cy(2020)
b.I
mplementthepoli
cyonFAMEpr epar
edrequir
ement(2023)

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Biogasisidenti
fi
edasanal ternat
ivefuelthatcanprovides i
gni
fi
cantemi ssi
onreduct
ion.
Forbiogastobeus edintransport
,theproduc t
i
onanddi str
ibuti
onindustr
yof bi
ogasneed
t
ogr owf i
rst
.ForCNG andLNG,t hemar ketpricecanbeat tr
acti
vef ori
ndust
rycompared
t
odi esel
.Howev er,astumbli
ngbloc kwouldbev ehi
c l
epri
ce. Anin-dept
hs t
udyisneeded
t
odet erminethecost/
benefi
tforeachoption.Thenc hoosepreferr
edopt i
ontobeadopted
(orboth).

1.To ex pl
ore possi
bil
it
y ofc apt
uri
ng bi
ogas i
n palm oi
lmi
l
ls/
landf
il
l
s/wast
ewat
er
tr
eatmentplant
sfortranspor
tuse.
2.Toincent
ivi
sepurchaseofNGV.
3.Toexplor
ev i
abil
i
tyforLPG ofLPG Hybri
dTaxiProj
ect
.

5.
1 A:Explore pos sibil
i
ty ofc apt
uring biogas in palm oilmi l
ls/
landf
il
ls/
wast
ewater
tr
eatmentpl ant sfortr
ansportuse.
a.Conduc tin-depthstudyofpos sibil
i
tyofc aptur
ingbi ogasi nstr
ategi
cpalm oi
l
mi ll
s/l
andf i
l
ls/was t
ewatertr
eatmentpl antsfortranspor t
ati
onus e.
b.Identif
ypal m oilmill
s/l
andfi
l
ls/
was tewatertreat
mentpl antsstr
ategi
ctobiogas
s upplyfortrans por
t.
c.Pr ovi
dei ncentivesunderGr eenTec hnol
ogyFi nanc i
ngSc heme( GTFS)unti
l
2030.

5.
1B:I
nc enti
vi
sepurchaseofNGV.
Provide tax i
ncent
ives underGreen I
nvest
mentTechnol
ogy Asset
s(GITA)
scheme f oroperat
ors who pur
chase NGV forbi
ogas appl
i
cati
on pur
poses
(
2021- 2025).

5.
1C:Expl
oreviabi
l
it
yforLPG ofLPG Hy br
idTaxiProj
ect.
a. Conduct observat
ion of devel
opment for LPG Hy bri
d t
axiin Japan
post-
Olympics(2020-2021)
.
b.LPG Hy bri
d pr
oject( pr
ovi
ded t
hatviabi
l
it
ys tudyi
ndi
catesposi
ti
ver
es ul
ts)

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Sarawaki suni
quef orhav i
ngs igni
fi
cantexcessofc l
eanenergyfr
om hy droelectr
icpower
generati
on.Hy dr
ogenf uelisonepos si
blealt
ernati
veforener
gyex port(
internati
onall
yor
t
oPeni nsularMalaysia)ast r
ans missi
onofelec t
ri
calpowervi
aelec t
ri
calgridisli
mited.I
f
t
hepilotprojecti
nKuc hingandPhas e2( export
ingtoJapan)aresuccessful,thespil
l
over
eff
ectcanbev erybenef ici
alforbothSarawakandMal aysi
aasawhol e.Henc e,aone-of
f
subsi
dyf orvehicl
epur chase/retr
ofi
tshouldbeadopt ed.

1.Toengagewi
thpi
l
otproj
ecti
nKuc
hingf
orf
urt
herex
plor
ati
onofhydr
ogeneconomy.
2.Todevel
opFCEVroadmap.

5.
2A:Engagewit
hpilotproj
ecti
nKuchi
ngf
orfur
therex
plor
ati
onofhy
drogeneconomy.
a.Engagewit
hpi l
otproj
ecti
nSar
awak.

5.
2B:DevelopFCEVr oadmap.
a.ExploreFCEVpot ent
ial
.
b.Est
ablishFCEVr oadmap.
c.I
mpl ementFCEVr oadmap.
d.Conduc taHy dr
ogenEc onomys
tudy(
hydr
ogenpr
oduct
ion,di
st
ri
but
i
onand
st
orage).

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
I
ncr
easeinther enewabl
eener
gypor
ti
onint heenergymixwi
llreduceel
ect
ri
ci
tygr
id
emi
ssi
on;hence,furt
heri
mpr
ovi
ngt
hereduct
ionofelect
ri
cmobi
l
ity.

1.Toreducenat
ional
elect
ri
ci
tyemissi
onfact
or.
2.Toenhancerenewableel
ect
ri
ci
tysources.

Fur
therenhancer
enewabl
eener
gypor
ti
onofener
gymi
x.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
DGREENHOUSE
GASEMI
REDUCTI
SSI
ON
&ENERGY
ONVI

modeshi
ft
A

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar
toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iamode
shi
ft
.

Thi
ss t
rat
egydeal swi t
hGHG emi ssi
onandener gyreduct
ionbyhav i
ngcommuter sand
t
ravel
l
ersmigratefrom privat
etopubl i
ctr
ans port.Publi
ctr
ans por
ts uchasrai
landbus es
hasbeenfoundt oproduc esubst
antial
lyl
owerv aluesofGHG emi ss i
onsr
angingfrom 10
t
o67gCO2eq/ passenger-km,dependingonl oad,v er
sus140.82gCO2eq/ passenger-km
f
orpetr
olICEVc ars.Ass uch,act
ionplansthat f
ac i
li
tat
eandenc ouragethi
smodes hiftwi
ll
beworthyofconsiderati
on.

Thes tudyal sofoundt hatthenumberofbus esi noper ati

onisnots uff
i
c i
ent.Thenumber
ofbuses /100,000popul at
ionforGKLi s19.Inc ompar ison,theWorldBankUr banbasel
ine
i
s50.Fur thermore,themodes hareinpubli
ct rans portneedstoincreasefrom thecurr
ent
20% tot het ar
gets etbyv ari
ousagenc i
eswhi chis40% i n2030.Thisistoens ureamor e
sust
ainabl e and low carbon transpor
ts y
s t
em i sac hieved s
incec arbon emissi
on per
person-km oft r
avel i
smuc hlowerforpubl
ictrans portagainstpri
vatecars.

Basedont henumberofpas sengercarsregi

steredbetween2014and2018,90. 1% of
car
sarepetrol
-based,and31% oft
hem wereregister
edinKual
aLumpur.GHGemi s s
ions
f
rom petr
olcar
samountt o50.8% oft
otalemissi
onsintheroadtr
anspor
tsector
.Thereis
acri
ti
calneedtolessenpetr
ol-
basedcarsands hif
tuserst
opubli
ctr
ansportespeci
all
yin
KualaLumpurandot herur
banareas.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar
toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iamode
shi
ft
.

I
tisanes tabl
ishedfactt
hatland-
useandt ransport
ationar einterr
elat
ed.Thetypeof
devel
opmentwillnotonl
ydetermi
nethenumberoft r
ipsgener at
edbutal sot
hemodeof
t
ranspor
tthatwouldbeuti
li
sedbytri
pmak er
s.Low- dens i
tydevelopmentencour
agesthe
useofpri
vatecars.Ontheotherhand,hi
gh-
densityc ompac tdevelopmentmakespubli
c
t
ranspor
tav i
abl
eopt i
on.

Publi
ctr
ans portsuchasr ailandbuspr oduces ubstanti
all
ylowerv aluesfrom therangeof
10 t
o 67 gCO2eq/ passenger -km dependi ng on load.Cur r
entmode s hare ofpubli
c
t
ransport(
20%)i sl
owert hani tus edtobe( 1990,37%;1970,47%) .Modes hareinpubli
c
t
ransportneedst oincreas efrom t hecurrent20% t othet ar
gets etbyv ar i
ousagenc i
es
whichis40% i n2030.Thi sist oensureamor es ust
ainableandl ow carbont r
ansport
syst
em i
sac hieveds i
ncec arbonemi ssi
onperper son-km of t
ravel
ismuc hlowerforpubli
c
tr
ansportcompar edtopri
v atec ars.Thus,acti
onplanst hatrel
atetoland-us edevelopment
t
hatpromot eus eofpubli
ct rans portwouldbeawayf or
war dinGHG emi ssionreducti
on.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar
toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iamode
shi
ft
.

Heavytr
affi
cc ongest
ionismakingbothenergyconsumptionandCO2emi s s
ionwor
se.If
dri
vi
ngs peedi mprovesfr
om 10k m/hto60k m/
h,fueleff
ici
encywi
lli
mpr ovefr
om 0.
22
l
it
res/
kmt o0.06lit
res/k
m,andCO2emi ssi
onswi l
lbereducedfr
om 600gCO2/ kmto100
gCO2/km.Ass uch,improvementoftr
aff
icflow wi
lll
eadt oGHG reduct
ionandenergy
savi
ngs.

CO₂emi ssi
on from automobi
les areinfl
uenced by speed oftr
avel.Ifdri
vi
ng s peed
i
mprovesfrom 20km/hto60k m/h,fuel
effi
ciencyi
sr ai
sed.Asaresul
t,CO₂emissionswil
l
bereducedbyabout40% ( ERIA,2017).Thus ,act
ionplansthatcanimprovetr
affi
cflow
wi
llneedtobec onsi
deredfori
mplement at
ion.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar
toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iamode
shi
ft
.

Almost98% ofcargofrei
ghtistr
ansport
edbyr oadandonl y2% byrail
.Simil
arl
y,contai
ner
f
reightcar
ri
edbyr oadisabout95%. I
thasbeenes t
abli
shedfr
om studiesandex per
iences
abroadthatrai
lf
reighti
smor eenergyeff
ici
entandhasl esscar
bonemi ss
ioncompar edto
roadfr
eightonapert onne-
k m off
rei
ghttr
avel bas
is.Thus,act
ionplanswhichenc ourage
modes hif
tfr
om roadt or
ailneedtobeex pl
oredandi mplemented.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thi
ss t
rat
egyi
spar
toft
hef
ocusar
eaofGHG emi
ssi
onandener
gyr
educt
ionv
iamode
shi
ft
.

Act
ivemobil
i
tyisat er
m usedi
nthetrans
por
tat
iondi
sci
pli
net
omeannon-
mot
ori
sed
modesoft
ranspor
t,i
.
e.wal
ki
ngandcycl
i
ng.

TheSt udyTeam’ ssurveyfoundthatt

hemajori
tyofcommuter
sdoc onsi
derwalki
ngasan
i
mpor tanttypeofFLM ac cessmodedes pit
eweat hercondi
ti
onsinMalaysi
a.Thiswas
discovered duri
ng int
ervi
ews on commuters’usualFLM access mode t
o gettorai
l
stat
ions .Result
sshow apos it
iveper
cept
i
ononus eofnon-motor
isedmodesofFLM to
reachr ails
tat
ions.

BasedontheLCMBSur vey,walk
ingiscompet
i
tiv
eandcoul
dbepromotedasaneffect
ive
f
irs
t-l
astmil
emodeats hort
erdistances,i
.
e.<500meters
.Simil
arl
y,thebi
cycl
emode
couldal
sobeac ompeti
ti
vefir
st-
lastmil
emodeforac
cessdist
ancebel
ow 1,
500met res
f
rom publ
ict
ransi
tnodes.

Hence,acti
onpl ansthatpr
omoteac t
iveandmi cr
omobi l
it
ywillr
educedependencyon
motori
sedtransportf
orFLM ac cessmodes ,andt heycouldincr
easepubl
ictr
anspor
t
r
idershi
presul
ti
ngi nGHG emis
sionreducti
onandener gysavi
ngsinthel
ongrun.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Amor ecomprehens i
vedataoft
ravelbehaviourandtri
ppatternsc anbegai nedfrom a
househol
ds urvey.The modals har
e ofv arious modes oft r
ans portc an be easi
ly
det
erminedfr
om thehousehol
dsurvey.Themodal shareofpublictr
ans port
, f
orexample,
canbeeas i
l
ydet er
minedfort
hewholec i
ty,oranygeographicalareai fneedbe.

1.Toprovideatr
ansportsec
torsect
ioni
ns ur
veyasawayt oi
mprovetr
anspor
trel
ated
dat
a.
2.Topr epar
eas urveytoident
if
ys pec
ifi
chousehol
dtr
avelbehavi
ouraspartofthe
t
ransportmast
erpl
ani nci
ti
es.

Opt
ion 1: Provide a tr
ans por
ts ect
or sect
ion i
ns ur
vey as a way t oimprove
transport
-r
elat
eddat a.Oneofthebestwaysi
sthroughanat
ionalHous
ehold
Sur veytobec onductedbytheDepart
mentofStati
sti
csMal
aysi
a(DOSM) .

a.Conduc ts urvey on hous ehold member stravelcharact

eri
sti
cs and
patt
er nsforallhous eholdtrips.Throughthiscomprehensi
vehous ehol
d
survey , a mor e meani ngfuland mor ec omplet
e understandi
ng of
hous eholdtravelpatt
ernsc anbegai ned.
b.Conduc tregularhous eholds ur
v eyswit
h an i
nter
valof4 or5 y ears,
part
icularl
yfort hetr
ans portsec t
ion.
c.Pre-testques t
ionnai
rebyNov ember2019.

Opt
ion2:Prepareas ur
veytoidenti
fys peci
fi
chousehol
dtr
avelbehavi
ouraspar
toft
he
t
ransportmasterplaninciti
es.Thisi
sdoneinLondonandSingapor
ewhereit
i
sc al
ledtheNationalTravelSurveyandHousehol
dTravelSurv
ey.

a.Devel opaNat i
onal HouseholdSur veyasameanst ocomplementgapsand
forfutureref
erenc eforthenationaltr
ansportmas t
erplan.
b.Sets urveydevelopment atthenationall
evelundertheMi ni
str
yofTranspor
t
(MOT)andi tsagenc y,theLandPubl icTransportAgency(APAD).
c.I
ncludehous eholdtravelsurv
ey( byLoc alAuthori
ti
es)asar equi
rementin
thetrans por
tmas terplanats t
ateormuni ci
pal l
evel
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Current
ly,t
henumberofbus es/100,000populati
onforGKLi s19agai nstt
heWor l
dBank
Urbanbas el
ineof50;t
hus,thenumberofbus esperpopul at
ionisv er
ylowc ompar edt
o
i
nternat
ionalst
andards.Avai
labil
i
tyofmor ebus eswi l
lhel
pinc r
easebusf requencyand
f
eeders ervi
cetothepubli
ctrans i
tsy st
em,andi ncreasei
tsc apac
ityperhour .Thiswi
ll
helpatt
ractmorepeopletous epublictr
ansporti
nsteadofpri
v atecars.

1.Toi
ncr
easet
henumberofStageBusesinGKLandmai
nc i
ti
es.
2.Toi
ncr
easet
henumberofFeederBusesinGKLandmai
nc i
ti
es.

A:I
ncreasethenumberofStageBus esinGKLandmai ncit
ies.
a.Conductassessmentonthenumberofs t
agebusesnecessaryforGKLandot
her
mainciti
esbasedonpopulati
onsize.
b.Acqui
reex t
rabusest
obetterservetheneedsofpubl
i
ct r
ansportuser
s.

B:I
ncreasethenumberofFeederBus esi
nGKLandmai ncit
ies.
a.Conductassessmentont henumberoffeederbusesnec essar
yforGKLandot her
mainciti
esbasedont henumberoft r
ansi
tst
ati
onsandt rans
portterminal
s.
b.Deter
minetypeoffeederbusesthatsui
tar
eatobes er
ved. Useminibus esf
orl
ower
costandef f
ici
encyinareaswi thsmall
erroadspaces uchasc ompac thousi
ng
areas.
c.Acqui
reex t
rabusestobetterser
v et
heneedsofpubli
ctransportusers
.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Byinc reas
ingthenumberofPTr outes,greaterac cessibil
i
tyt oPTi smadeav ai
lableto
publi
cwhi ch enc ourage higherpat r
onage.Byi ncreasing the numberofPT r outes,
greateraccessibi
li
tytoPTi smadeav ai
labletopubl i
cwhi chenc ouragehi gherpatronage.
Thehi gherfrequenc yofs ervi
cewi l
lallow f
orhi gherc apac i
typerhour ;t hus,ri
der shi
p
i
nc r
eas esespec i
all
yduringpeakhour swhendemandi shi gh.Wi t
hhi gherf r
equenc yof
servi
c emor epr i
vat
ec arus erswillbeent i
cedt oc onsidertak i
ngpubl i
ct ransport
,thus ,
reducingpri
vatec arsonther oad.Real-timeinfor
mat iononr idescanr educ ewai t
i
ngt i
me

1.Toi
ncr
eas erout
esforpubli
ctransport(
roadandrail
)inurbanareas
.
2.Toi
mpr ovef
requencyofpubli
ctransport(r
oadandrail
)especi
all
yduri
ngpeakhour
s.
3.Toi
mpr ovepubl
ictr
anspor
tstati
ons(roadandr ai
l
)ands t
ops.
4.Todevelopsmartappl
i
cati
onst oenhanc epubl
i
ctranspor
tpatr
onage.

A:I
ncreas erout esf orpubl ictrans por t(roadandr ail
)inur banar eas.
a.Ident i
fynew publ ictrans por trout es( roadandr ail
)i ncludingex t
ens i
onofex isti
ng
rout esf ors t
agebus es,f eederbus esandr ail
-bas edt r ansi
tfori nc reasedpubl ic
ac ces si
bi l
ity.
b.Planandi mpl ementpubl i
ct rans ports ervicesont hos ei denti
fiedr outesi ncluding
nec es sar yinfrastructureandf eeders erv i
ces .
B:I
mpr ov ef r
equenc yofpubl ict rans por t(roadandr ail
)es pec i
allyduringpeakhour s .
a.I
dent i
fypubl ictrans portrout eswhi c hhav elows ervicef r
equenc yandpl anforhi gher
frequenc yes pec i
all
ydur ingpeakhour s.
C:Improv epubl i
ct ranspor tstations( r
oadandr ail)ands tops .
a.Conduc tas ses smentofpubl ict rans por ts tations( busandr ail
)inc ludingbuss t
ops
anddet ermi neadequac yoff ac il
iti
esandameni tiest oneedsofpubl i
ct rans port
us ers.
b.I
mpr ov es elec t
eds t
ationst obet ters er vet heneedsofpubl i
ctr
ans por tusers .
D:Dev elops mar tappl i
cationst oenhanc epubl i
ct ranspor tpat ronage.
a.Es t
abl i
s hini t
iati
vesf orpubl ict rans por toper ators( f
orbusandr ail
)t opr ovideonl i
ne
informat ion on publ i
ct rans por ts er vices ,t imet ables and r eal -
time l oc ati
on
informat iont hroughr eal-ti
memobi leapps .
b.Es tablishi ni
tiati
vest o educ atet he publ icon t hes e appsf orPBTsand publ ic
trans por toper atorstoenhanc epubl i
ct r ans portpat ronage.
c.Add s pec i
alf eaturesf orus erson per sonalener gys av i
ngs,c os ts avi
ngsand
emi s si
onr educ ti
onbyus ingPT( lowemi ssionbusandr ail
).
d.Add opt i
ons f ordes ti
nat ion t rav el
,c ostes ti
mat es,and not i
fication on maj or
disrupt i
onsi ns ervice.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Congesti
onc har gi
ngwi lldet
erpriv atec arusersf r
om enteri
ngc ongesti
onc har
gingz ones
unlesst
heypayt hec hargeimpos ed.Int hec as eofLondon’sConges ti
onChar ging,25%
CO2r educti
onwasac hieved,apar tf
rom travel ti
mer educt
ion,ands ocialcostr
educ ti
on
(Euro144mi l
lion/year)
.Bes ides,par kingc ontrolwil
lmak eitdi
ffi
cul
tforprivat
ec arusers
(especi
all
yc ommut ers)tobr i
ngt heirc ar
st ot hec it
yes peci
allytheCBD bec aus eof
parki
nglimit
ationsandhi gherov er al
ltravelc ostofprivat
ec arworktrips.Thiswilldri
ve
pri
vatecarus erstoc onsidershif
tingt opubl i
ct ransport
.

1.Toi
denti
fyandi
mplementcongest
ionchar
ginginCBD/ci
tycent
res.
2.Toi
mplementpar
kingcont
roli
nCBDandwi t
hinci
tyl
i
mits.

A:I
denti
fyandimpl ementc onges
ti
onc hargi
nginCBD/ ci
tycent
res
.
a.I
ncorpor
atec ongesti
onc har
geinlargecit
iessuchasKL,JohorBahr
uandPenang.
b.Li
mitdurat
ionofc hargetopeakhour soronlyduri
ngtheday.
c.Applynoc hargebetween20: 00–07: 00onweek daysoronweekendsandpubl
ic
hol
idays.
d.Useelectr
onicpay mentforcongesti
oncharge.

B.I
mplementparkingcontrolinCBDandwi t
hinc i
tyli
mits.
a.Restri
ctpar
kingonc ert
ainperi
odsofthedayi nspecif
iedareas .
b.Reduc epar
kingspac einCBDandi ns pec i
f
iedareaswi thi
ncityli
mit
s .
c.Reduc etoami ni
mum onr oads i
deparkinginCBD ands peci
fiedareaswi
thi
nci
ty
li
mits.
d.I
nc r
easeparkingchargesinc i
tyl
imi
ts,withhighestchargesinCBD.
e.Provi
deonlys hor
t-
term par
kingforr
oads ideparkingwithinci
tylimi
ts.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
TheBRTs yst
em wi l
lgreat
lybuil
dthec onf
idenceofpri
vatec aruserstos hiftt
owar ds
publictransportbec ause ofthe i
nher
entat t
ract
ivecharact
erist
icsofa r el
iable BRT
system.The dedi c at
ed routesofthe BRT isjustli
kethe dedicated r
ailtrack;thus,
ensur i
ngr el
i
ableridetimesforcommuters.TheTransMi l
eni
oBRTi nBogot a,Col umbia
reduc ed 500,000 t
onsofCO2 emi ssi
onsi n3y ears;With Bogota’srat
ionalised bus
system,c ommut i
ngt i
mer educedby32%.Thi swil
lhel
patt
ractmor epeopletous epubl i
c
t
rans portinst
eadofpr i
vatecars.

1.Toi
denti
fyandi
mplementcongest
ionchar
ginginCBD/ci
tyc
ent
res
.
2.Toi
mplementpar
kingcont
roli
nCBDandwi t
hinci
tyl
i
mit
s.

a.Embar
konadetai
l
edstudyonthef
easi
bil
it
yofdevelopi
ngBRTs yst
emsinGKLand
ot
hermai
nci
ti
esespeci
all
ysaf
etyr
equi
rementshar
ingwithot
hermodes.

b.Det
ermi
nenet
wor
kcover
ageoft
heBRTsyst
emsi
nGKLandmai
nci
ti
es.

c.Det
ermine necessar
yrequi
rement
sfori
nfr
ast
ruc
tur
e and enabl
ersf
ors
ucces
s f
ul
i
mplementati
onofBRTs yst
ems.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Park-
and-ri
de(P&R)f acili
ti
esatt ransitstati
onswillhelpenc our ageprivat
ecarus ersto
usepubli
ctransi
t,especial
lywhenot hertraff
icres
traintmeas ur esarealsoinplaceinthe
cit
yarea.Henc e,lowert raf
ficv olume on r oadsr esultin higherenergys av i
ngsand
reduc
ti
onofGHG emi ssi
ons .Themos tcarbonint
ens i
vemodei stheprivat
ec ar,r
anging
f
rom 82to148gCO2eq/ pas senger-km. Strongmark eti
ngens urespeopletohav eaccess
t
oup- t
o-dat
einformati
on.I ti
ses sentialt
opr omotes ervi
cestoi ncreas
eupt ake.

1.Toident
ifyandenhanc eexi
s t
ingpark-
and-ri
defaci
li
t
iesnearci
tyboundari
es.
2.Toembar konas tudytoidentif
yanddev elopnew park-
and-
ridefaci
l
it
iesnearcit
y
boundar
ies.
3.Toimproveexist
ingandnewP&Rt oas martpark
ingsyst
em.
4.To improves ecur
ity,l
ight
ing,and ac ces
st ofeederbus servi
ce and pedest
ri
an
walkway
s .

a.I
denti
fyandenhanceexi
sti
ngpark
-and-
ri
def
acil
it
iesnearci
tyboundar
iest
ocr
eat
e
hi
gherdemandforcommuti
ngcaruser
stousepubli
ctr
ansi
t.

b.Embarkonas tudyt
oident
if
yanddevelopnew par
k-and-ri
defacil
i
ti
esnearc i
ty
boundar
iest
oencour
agecaruser
stousepubl
ict
ransi
tes peci
all
yfornew r
aill
i
ne
(MRT2andLRT3).

c.I
mpr oveex i
sti
ngandnew P&R t oas martparkings y
s t
em wi thfeatur
essuchas
real
-ti
mer ai
lorbusdepartures,numberofpar ki
ngs paceav ail
abil
i
ty,andest
imated
t
ravelti
met odesti
nati
ons.Thes ystem canreduceparkings earchti
me.Thisdir
ectl
y
reducesgasemi ssionofc ars.Thes ystem canbei ntegratedwi t
has mar
tphone
appli
cati
onforbooki
ngsandpar ki
ng.

d.I
mpr
ovesecur
it
y,l
i
ght
ing,andac
c esst
ofeederbusser
vic
eandpedest
ri
anwal
kway
s .

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Sustai
nableintensi
fi
cationofland-usewillbeeas i
erser
v edbypubl i
ct r
ansportversus
urbansprawl(whichwillbemorec ardependent)Hence,t
her ewil
lbelowertraf
fi
cvolume
on the r
oads r es
ulti
ng in hi
gherener gy savi
ngs and reduct
ion ofGHG emi ssi
ons.
Accordi
ngt oareport,compactcit
iesandmi xedland-
usehast hepot
entialr
educeener gy
consumptionby10- 30% (WuppertalI
nstit
utandUNHabi tat).

1.To encourage LocalAuthor

it
iestoconsi
ders
ustainabl
ei nt
ensi
fi
cat
i
on ofl
and-
use
devel
opmentorr edevel
opment.
2.Toincorporat
eplanni
ngc onsi
derat
i
onswit
hLocalAuthor
it
ies

a.Enc ourage Loc

alAuthori
ti
es t
oc onsi
dersust
ainabl
eint
ensi
fi
cat
i
on ofland-
use
developmentorr edev
elopmenttoli
miturban s
prawland movetowar
ds car
-l
it
e
pl
anni ng.

b.I
ncorpor
atepl
anningconsi
derat
ionswhenLocalAut
hor
it
iesdevel
oporr
evi
ew t
hei
r
LocalPl
ansorStateSt
ruct
urePlans.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
The t
ransportc omponentofLCCF givesex ampl
eson ac t
ionsthatcan be t
aken to
achi
evelowc arbonc i
ti
esandprovi
desmethodstodeter
minetheeff
ecti
venessofact
ions
t
aken.Henc e,therewillbel
owertraf
fi
cvolumeont heroadsresul
ti
nginhigherenergy
savi
ngsandr educ t
ionofGHG emissi
ons.

1.To enc our

age LocalAut hori
ti
es toconsi
derimpl
ement
ing t
he l
ow c
arbon ci
ty
f
ramewor k(LCCF)
2.Toincorporat
eLCCFi ntoplanningconsi
der
ati
ons
.
3.ToreviewLCCFt ransportelements
.

a.Encour
ageLocalAuthor
iti
estoconsi
deri
mplement
ingt
hel
owcar
bonc
ityf
ramewor
k
(LCCF)componentontranspor
tdevel
opedbyMGTC.

b.I
ncor
por
ateLCCF intoplanni
ngc
onsi
der
ati
onswhenLocalAut
hor
it
iesdev
elopor
r
evi
ewthei
rlocalpl
ans.

c.Revi
ewLCCFt
ranspor
tel
ement
stoass
istPBTsi
mpl
ement
ati
on.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Thenat ur eofTOD willensuret hatmos tt
ripsmadet o/f
rom TOD wi llbemadeus i
ng
t
ransi
t,ei t
herrai
l-
basedorroad- based.Assuc h,lesspr
ivatecarswillbeneededtomak e
t
het r
ips .Thus,lesscarswillbef oundont her oadbec auseofhi gherus ageofpubli
c
t
ranspor t
. Thi sresul
t
si n higherener gysav i
ngsand r educti
on ofGHG emi ssions.
Accordingt oa2002s t
udybyt heCalif
orni
aDepar t
mentofTr ansportat
ion,TODhast he
pot
ential t
oreduceannualgreenhous egasemi ssi
onsby2.5to3. 7tonspery earf
oreach
househol d.

1.Todevelopandimpl ementTODgui deli

nes(byPLANMal ay si
a).
2.To embar kon a s
pec i
fi
cdet ai
led st
udyto explorethe possi
bil
i
tyofi
mpl
ement
ing
t
ransi
t-
ori
enteddevelopment.
3.Toidenti
fytr
ansi
tstati
onsinvolvedandlandpar
c elstobedev el
oped.

a.Devel
op and i
mplementTOD gui
del
i
nes (
by PLANMal
aysi
a)s
uit
abl
efort
he
Mal
aysi
antr
anspor
tenvi
ronment
.

b.Embark on a speci
fi
c det
ail
ed st
udy t
o expl
orethe possi
bil
i
ty ofi
mpl
ement
ing
t
ransi
t-
ori
ent
eddev el
opmentand/orr
edevel
opmentneartr
ansitst
ati
ons
.

c.I
dent
i
fytransi
tst
ati
onsinvol
vedandl
andpar
cel
stobedevel
opedorr
edev
elopedi
nto
TOD(fr
om detai
l
eds t
udy).

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Transport
ation planning hast o be conduc t
ed togetherwi t
hl and- use planning since
l
and-uset ypewi llhaveimpl i
cati
onsont ri
pgener ati
onc harac teristi
cs,bothpr oduc t
ion
andattract
ionpat ter
ns .Alow-dens i
tyurbans prawlwillbedi ff
ic ultforpubli
ct ransportto
operateandmobi l
it
ywi l
lbehi ghlyc ardependent .Ont heot herhand,ahi gh-dens it
y
compac tres i
dentialdevelopment ,forex ample,isc onduc i
v ef oroper ati
on ofpubl i
c
t
ransport(i
nc l
udingpubl i
ctransi
t)
.Ass uch,urbantrans portplanni ngmus tnotbet reated
asac it
yplanningel ementt hati
spl annedoni tsowni nt heloc al planningpr oc
es s.

1.ToencourageLocal
Author
it
iestoconsiderurbant
ranspor
tpl
anni
ngasaf
undament
al
c omponentofci
typl
anni
nges peci
all
yfortraf
fi
cmanagement.

Encour
age LocalAuthori
ti
estocons i
derurban t
ranspor
tpl
anni
ng asa f
undamental
componentofci
typl
anningespeci
all
yfort
raf
fi
cmanagementwhenr evi
si
ngLocal
Plans.

I
nc urr
entpr
ac t
ice,tr
ansportisc
onsider
edasoneoft hesect
orst
hatispl
annedonit
s
own.Whereasintransportpl
anni
ng(ortr
anspor
tland-
us epl
anni
ng)
,iti
sinr
eal
it
ydi
rec
tly
l
inkedtol
and-use.Itcannotbedoneinsil
o.

Eit
herland-
usel
edortranspor
tled,pl
anni
nghastobedonetogether
.Ass uc
h,urban
t
ransportpl
anni
ng hasto be done i
nthe pr
opercont
extasfarasl oc
alplansare
concer
ned.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
AnappropriateI TSwhic hc anopti
mi setr
affi
csignal
soper ationsandi mprovetr
affi
cf l
ow
wil
lresul
ti ni nc r
eased t r
aff
ics peed,t hus,reducing fuelc ons umption and vehicl
e
emissi
onss incet r
aff
ics peed isdirectl
yr el
ated t
of uelc ons umption and emissions.
Congesti
onl ev elsinroadnet wor k
sc anber educedbyi mpr ov i
ngt r
affi
cfl
ow through
j
uncti
onsandi ntersect
ions.Thus,impr ovementoftraff
icflowes peci
all
ydur i
ngthepeak
hourswil
lresultinenergys av i
ngsandemi ssi
onreduc t
ions .

1.Toopt
imi
set
raf
fi
csignaloperat
ionsf
oropt
imi
sedt
raff
icf
low.
2.Toest
abl
i
shconcer
tedeffor
tstoensureI
TSusef
ulnessi
nperfor
mingt
asks.

a.Employan appr
opri
atei
ntel
li
genttranspor
tsyst
em (
ITS)to opt
imiset
raff
icsignal
oper
ati
onsf
oropti
misedt
raf
fi
cflow,and,toacer
tai
next
ent
,intheroadnetwork.

b.Conducta feas
ibi
l
it
yst
udy on t
raf
fi
ccondi
ti
ons and l
ocat
ions/
zones bef
ore
i
mplement
ingI
TS.

c.Requi
rePBTst
odeci
deonanappr
opr
iat
eITSt
obeusedf
ort
hei
tsc
it
yort
ownshi
p.

d.Establ
i
s hconcer
tedeff
ort
stoensureITS usef
ulnessinper
for
mingtask
sthati
tis
supposedt
oper f
orm.(
ForKLandotherci
ti
esthatalr
eadyhaveI
TS.)

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Cargof r
eightistransport
ed98% byr oadandonl y2% byr ai
l.Simil
arl
y,about95% of
contai
nerf r
eightarec ar
ri
edbyr oad.Onav erage,r
ailfr
eightonl
yus esabout15% as
muc henergyasheav ydutytr
uckspertonne-
km.Ass uch,somes hif
toff
rei
ghtfr
om r
oad
t
or ailwi
llr
es ul
tinsigni
fi
cantener
gys avi
ngsandGHG r educti
ons.

1.Toembar konas peci

fi
cdetai
l
edstudytoexplorepossi
bil
i
tyofexpandi
ngex i
sti
ngrai
l
networ
k .
2.To encourage KTMB t
oc onsi
derthe pos
sibil
i
tyofcateri
ng f
ormor efr
eightto be
tr
ansport
edbyr ail
.

a.Embar
konas peci
fi
cdetai
l
eds tudytoexpl
orepossi
bil
i
tyofex
pandi
ngexi
sti
ngr
ail
net
wor
ktocat
erforf
rei
ghtt
ransport
ati
on.

b.Encourage KTMB toconsiderthe possi

bil
i
ty ofcat
eri
ng formorefrei
ghtto be
t
ransport
edbyrai
l(apar
tfr
om theECRLwhi chwi l
lal
socater
sforf
rei
ghttr
anspor
t).

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Cargof r
eightistransported98% byr oadandonl y2% byr ail.Simil
arl
y,about95% of
contai
nerf r
eightarec arr
iedbyr oad.Onav er
age,rai
lfr
eightonlyus esabout15% as
muc henergyasheav ydut yt
ruckspertonne-km.Assuch,somes hif
toff
rei
ghtfrom r
oad
t
or ail
wil
lresulti
ns i
gnifi
cantenergysavingsandGHGr educ t
ions.TheFLM ac cesst
or ai
l
f
reightst
ationswillf
urtherencouragelonghaul f
rei
ghtt
obet ransportedbyrail
.

1.Toembarkonas peci
ficdetaileds t
udytoex
plorepossi
bil
i
tyofpr
ovi
dingf
ir
st-
last
-mi
l
e
(FLM)accesst
orail
freightstations.
2.Topropos
ebett
errouteopt i
mis ati
ontec
hnol
ogies.

a.Embarkonas pecif
i
cdetail
eds t
udytoexpl
orethepos
sibi
li
tyofpr
ov i
dingfi
rst
-l
ast
-mi
l
e
(FLM)accesstorailf
rei
ghtstat
ionsf
rom/t
os our
ceoffr
eightandterminal
s.TheFLM
accesscoul
deitherberail
-basedorroad-
based.

b.Pr
oposebett
errout
eopt
i
misat
i
ont
echnol
ogi
eswhi
cht
ohel
preducewoesoverl
ast
mi
lecapaci
ty.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Animpr
ovedFLM connect
ivi
t
y,accessmodesandinf
rast
ruct
urewil
lencour
agehigher
ri
der
shi
ponpubli
ctr
ansport
,hence,t
herewi
llbef
ewerpri
v at
ecar
sont heroads,more
ener
gysavi
ngsandl
essGHG emis si
ons
.

1.ToencourageLocalAuthori
ti
es(whichhav epubli
ctransi
tstat
ionsandpubli
ctr
anspor
t
ter
minals)t
oconsiderupgradi
ngFLM c onnec t
ivi
t
y .
2.ToupgradeFLM connec t
i
vit
ywit
hi nt
erconnectedbarri
er-
fr
eepedes t
ri
anwalkwaysand
cycl
elanenetworkthroughoutt
heur banareas .
3.ToupgradeFLM ac cessmodes,infr
astruct
uresandi npl
anningprocess.

a.EncourageLocalAuthor
it
ies(whi
chhavepubli
ctr
ans i
tst
ati
onsandpubl i
ctr
ansport
ter
minals)toc onsi
derupgradi
ng FLM connect
ivi
ty,access modes and r
elat
ed
i
nfrast
ruct
ure.

b.UpgradeFLM connect
ivi
tywithi
nter
connect
edbar
ri
er-f
reepedest
ri
anwal
kwaysand
cycl
el ane net
workthroughoutthe ur
ban ar
eas f
rom and t
ot r
ans
itpoi
nts(f
ull
coverageandavai
labi
li
t
y )
.

c.Upgr
adeFLM ac
c essmodeswi
thNMTmodes,f
eederbuses,appsbasedon-
demand
modes.

d.UpgradeFLM infr
astr
uctur
ewit
hwal
kways,cr
ossi
ngs
,cycl
elanes,cycl
epar
king,
t
raf
fi
cc ont
rol
s,si
gnages,et
c.

e.I
ncor
porat
eupgr
adesi
npl
anni
ngpr
ocesswhenLoc
alAut
hor
it
iesdev
eloporr
evi
ew
l
ocalpl
ans.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Theus eofelectroni
cpay mentsf orbicycl
er entalwillenc ouraget heuseofbicycl
eas
att
racti
veFLM mode.Wi t
hbi cycl
eorPMD asFLM ac ces smodewi l
lencour
agehigher
ri
dershiponpubl
ictransport
,henc efewerpri
vatec ar
sont her oads, moreener
gysavings
andl essGHG emi ssi
ons.Reduc ingv ehi
clet r
ipsbyus ingl ower /
nonemi ssi
onmobi l
it
y
device.Besi
desforFLM connec t
ivi
tytoandfrom r ail
/
buss tati
on, i
talsocanbeforvar
ious
shorttr
ipssuchass hoppingtr
ips,workingtr
ips,s chooltripsandot hers.

1.Toenc ourageLocalAuthor
it
iesencour
agetheuseofbi
cycl
esi
ntheci
ty/
townshi
p.
2.Toincorporat
eappropr
iateandeasyelect
roni
cpaymentmet
hodandat
tr
ac t
ivesyst
em
ofpick-upanddrop-of
f.
3.Toincorporat
eint
oLoc alAut
hori
ti
esplanni
ngproc
ess.

a.LocalAut
horit
iesneedtoencouraget
heuseofbi
cycl
esint
hecit
y/townshi
pandall
ow
pri
vatebi
c y
c l
eoperator
stopr ovi
debiker
ent
alschemeswit
hpr operguidel
i
nesfor
thei
roperat
ions.

b.Thebi
keoper
ator
shav et oincor
porat
eappropr
iat
eandeas yelect
roni
cpay ment
met
hodandat
tr
act
ivesyst
em ofpick-
upanddrop-
off(
exampl
eli
keincentr
alLondon)
t
omakeitmor
eatt
ract
iveforusersofpubl
i
ctr
ansportt
ousebicy
c l
easFLM mode.

c.Thi
sc an be i
ncorporat
ed i
ntot he pl
anni
ng pr
oces
swhen LocalAut
hor
it
iesar
e
devel
opi
ngorreviewingthei
rlocalpl
ans.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Theuseofbi
cycl
esandPMDsasFLM modeswi l
lincr
easeridershi
pinpubl
i
ctransport
.
Ther
eis a mar
ked i
ncrease ofPMD us er
si nthe youngergenerati
on.With hi
gher
ri
der
shi
ponpubli
ctr
ansportand,hence,l
esserpr
ivat
ec ar
sonr oads,t
herewil
lbemor e
ener
gysavi
ngsandl
essGHG emi s
sions.

1.Toc onsiderrelooki
ngint
otheRoadTranspor
tActandot
herr
elat
edr
egulat
i
onsto
all
owf orbicyc
lesandPMDst obeusedonroads
2.Toallow commut er
st ousebi
cycl
esandPMDsasFLM modestogett
o/f
rom publ
i
c
tr
ansitstat
ions.

a.Atpresent
,bi
cycl
escannotbel
egal
l
yusedonr
egul
arr
oadsandar
eonl
yal
l
owedon
pedest
rianwal
kways.

b.MOT needst oc onsi

derrelooki
ngi nt
otheRoadTr ansportActandot herr el
ated
regul
ati
onstoal
lowforbicycl
esandPMDst obeusedonroadseventhought hereare
nodes i
gnat
edc ycl
elanescurrentl
y.Cycl
i
stsmusthavepropergearincl
udings af
ety
helmetsandbicycl
esshouldber oadwort
hy.

c.Unt
ilt
herear
edesi
gnat
edc ycl
elanes
,thi
smeasur
eneedst
obec onsi
deredtoal
low
commuterst
ousebicycl
esandPMDsasFLM modest ogett
o/f
rom publ
ictr
ansi
t
st
ati
ons.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Walkingandc yc l
i
ngasFLM modeswi lli
ncreas eri
dershi
pinpubli
ctr
ansport
.Vehicl
e
t
ripscanber educ edbyusinglower
/non-emiss i
onmobi l
it
ydevi
ce.Besi
desrai
l/
busFLM
connecti
vit
y,itc analsobeus edforv ar
iouss hortt
ripssuchasshoppi
ngtri
ps,worki
ng
t
rips,schoolt r
ipsandot hers.A st
rongmar ketingandawar enesscampai
gnc anhelp
ensureas hif
ttowar dsaheal t
hyli
festyl
e.Itises senti
altopr
omotetheseservi
cesto
i
nc r
easeupt ake.

1.Toincor
porat
eac ompr
ehensi
vewal
ki
ngandcycl
i
ngnetwor
kandi nfr
ast
ruct
ureas
FLM accessmodes.
2.Todesi
gn,eval
uateandimpl
ementNMTmodesi
nnetwor
kandinf
rast
ruct
ure.

a.I
ncorpor
ateacomprehensi
vewalki
ngandcycl
i
ngnetwor
kandinf
rast
ruct
ureasFLM
accessmodesto/
fr
om transi
tst
ati
onsandtr
anspor
tter
minal
swhendev elopi
ngor
revi
si
ngLocalPl
ans(byLocalAut
hori
ty)
.

b.Design,ev al
uateandi mplementNMT modesi nnetwor kandi nf
rastr
uct
ure.This
needst obeembar keduponbyLocalAuthor
iti
esi
ntheshort-t
erm.Basedonc ommon
pract
ice,theareatobec over
edisabout400m radi
usar oundthetransi
tstat
ionor
t
ranspor tt
ermi
nal.Thear eacanbeincreasedto500m radiusifwi
ll
ingnesstowalk
andc ycleimpr
oves.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
The impactofthe LCMB s tr
ategi
esand ac ti
on planson ener gycons
umpt i
on,GHG
emissi
onandex pendit
ureonf uel
sar edeterminedbyus ingt heLong-RangeEner gy
Alt
ernat
ives Planning System ( LEAP) s of
tware, developed by the St ockhol
m
Envir
onmentInsti
tute(SEI)
.Thei mpactisequaltot hedi
ff
er encesi
nenergyandGHG
emissi
onsbetweent heBus i
nessAsUs ualScenari
o,ontheonehand,andSc enari
o1
andLCMBSc enarioontheother.

Theact
ionplansforthet
hreescenar
iosar
edif
ferent
i
atedbypol
i
cyt
arget
spr
ovided
i
nTable7.
1.Al lscenari
ossharecommonas sumpti
onsonfutur
eGDPandpopulati
on
gr
owth.
Tabl
e7.
1:Pol
i
cyTar
get
sforAl
lSc
enar
ios

Busi
nessasUsual(
BAU)Scenar
io

Scenar
io1

LCMBScenar
io

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Fi
nalenergyc onsumpti
oni nBAUs cenar
ioi
spr oj
ect
edtoincreasefrom 18,
707.5ktoein
2015to31,645.3k t
oein2030.Compar edtoBAU, ener
gyc onsumptioni
sex pect
edtobe
l
owerunderSc enari
o1by236. 3ktoein2020,andby3,035. 5ktoei
n2030( Fi
gur
e7. 1)
.
Thecorr
es pondingreduct
ionintheLCMBSc enar
ioisl
arger,i.
e.401.2ktoein2020and
8,
770.5ktoein2030.

Fi
gur
e7.
1:Reduc
ti
oni
nFi
nalEnergyConsumpt
i
onforScenar
io1andLCMBScenar
io
(Source:LEAPModelOut
put
)

Note:Result
sar ebas edont hebes t
-casescenariowherealltar
getsundert hegiven
scenari
o are achieved.Ac tualresul
ts wi
llbe subjecttothe avai
labi
li
ty offundi
ng,
t
ec hnol
ogy,et
c .Thisdiscl
aimerisvali
dforallsubsequentpl
otsandfi
gures.

Consist
entwi
ththeupwar dt
rendinfi
nalener
gyc onsumpt
ioni
nBAUs cenar
io,tot
alGHG
emis
s i
onispr
ojec t
edtoincr
easefrom 56.
0mi l
l
iontonnesin2015to94.5mi l
li
ontonnes
i
n2030( Fi
gur
e7. 2).Thi
sincr
easecorr
espondstoanav er
ageannualgrowthrateof3.
5%
peryear.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 Fi
gur
e7.
2:Tot
alGHG emissi
onbyScenar
io2015-
2030
(
Source:LEAPModelOut
put)

Somer educti
oninGHG emi ss i
onisex pectedunderScenar
io1ast hei mplementationof
sever
al announcedpolicyi
nitiati
vestakesef f
ect
.Themagnitudeofr educti
onisrelativel
y
small
,howev er.GHG emi ssioni sfor
ec asttobelowerunderSc enario1by0. 69mi l
l
ion
t
onnesi n2020,andby11. 87mi l
li
ont onnesin2030( Fi
gure7. 3)
.Ther educ t
ionsar e
expect
edt obes i
gnif
i
c antl
ylar gerundertheLCMBSc enari
oc ompar edtoBAU,i .e.1.18
mil
li
ontonnesi n2020and26. 90mi ll
i
ont onnesin2030.

Fi
gur
e7.
3:Reduct
ioni
nGHG Emissi
onf
orScenari
o1andLCMBScenar
io
(
Sour
ce:LEAPModelOutput
)

Note:Result
sar ebas edont hebes t
-casescenariowherealltar
getsundert hegiven
scenari
o are achieved.Actualresul
ts wi
llbe subjecttothe avai
labi
li
ty offundi
ng,
t
ec hnol
ogy,et
c .Thisdisc
lai
merisvali
dforall
s ubsequentpl
otsandfi
gures.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
Tabl e7. 2providesthees t
imatedr educ t
ioninener gyus eandGHG emi ssi
onbys trat
egy
f
or2030.Thei mpac tonener gyus ev ariesbys trategywi thar angeof1. 35t o2,928.3
ktoe. Strat
egy1, byenc ouragi
ngt headopt i
onof l
owemi ssi
onv ehicl
es,exertsthebi ggest
i
mpac tbyr educ i
ngt heex pect
edener gyus eby2, 928. 3ktoe,fol
lowedbySt rategy2at
1,200. 9k t
oe.
I
nt ermsofi mpac tonGHG emi ss i
on,St rategy1i sex pectedt oproduc et hel argest
reduc ti
onof9. 25mill
iontonnesi n2030.Thi sisfollowedbySt r
ategy4.Thi ss tr
ategyi s
f
or ecas ttoy i
eldthes econdlarges treduc t
ionamount ingto4. 35mi l
li
ont onnesofGHG
emi ssion.
Strategy5f oc usesonl ongterm( bey ond2030)benef it
si nGHG emi ss i
onr educ t
ion;
henc e,des pi
tet he low r
educ t
ion in GHG emi ssion in 2030,i tisc onsidered to be
i
mpor tantforlongtermi mpactbey ond2030f ort
hec ountry.
Tabl
e7.
2:Reduct
ioni
nGHG Emi
ssi
onandEner
gyUs
ebySt
rat
egy(
2030)

Ener
gyUse Emiss
ionReduct
ion
St
rat
egy Reduct
ion(
ktoe) (Mil
l
ionTonnes)

Changesinener gyc onsumpt i

onduet ot heimplement ati
onofpr oposeds t
rategi
esand
act
ionplanswillchangetheTPESf orthewhol eec onomyasener gys uppl
yr espondsto
var
iat
ionsindemand.Tot hisextent,itonlyrepresent
st heimpac tofproposedpolici
esin
t
het r
ansportsector.Thes uppl
yr espons eswi l
lbemani fested,f
orex ample,byc hanges
i
nimpor t
s,exportsandpr i
mar ypr oducti
on.Asar esultofannounc edpolici
es( Scenar
io

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 1)andtheimplement
ati
onoflow c
arbons tr
at egiesandac ti
onplans( LCMBSc enar
io),
netoveral
lreduct
ioni
nenergydemandi sex pec ted.Suppl yresponsesi nt ot
alenergy
unit
sinSc enari
o1andLCMB Sc enario(aftert akingintoac countt
het ransformat
ion
f
ac t
orforsecondarys
upplywhereappl i
cable)ar es howni nFigure7. 5.Forex ample,
comparedtoBAU,TPESi nLCMBSc enari
oi sex pec tedtobel owerby4, 102k t
oeand
7,538ktoein2025and2030respecti
vely.Thec orrespondingv al
uesforSc enari
o1ar e
1,798ktoeand2,982kt
oe.

Fi
gur
e7.
5:Reduct
ioni
nTPESinScenar
io1andLCMBScenar
io
(
TSSM St
udyTeam’sEst
imat
e)

Note:Result
sar ebas edont hebes t
-casescenariowherealltar
getsundert hegiven
scenari
o are achieved.Actualresul
ts wi
llbe subjecttothe avai
labi
li
ty offundi
ng,
t
ec hnol
ogy,et
c .Thisdisc
lai
merisvali
dforall
s ubsequentpl
otsandfi
gures.

Cons i
stentwit
hthefi
ndingthatthereducti
oninenergyexpenditurei
ntheLCMBSc enari
o
i
sduet odec reasesinpetrolanddieselconsumpti
on,Figur
e7. 6showsthatmos tofthe
r
educ ti
oninTPESar efrom thec r
udeoi landpetrol
eum produc tcat
egory
.Conv ersely,
t
hei ncreaseinTPES ar eac count
edf orbynaturalgas,hydropowerands ol
ar.Thisis
mainlyduet otheri
seinc onsumpti
oni nelect
ri
ci
tyovert
hef orecastperi
od.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 Fi
gur
e7.
6:Reduct
ioni
nTPESbyEnergySour
ceforLCMBSc
enar
io
(TSSM St
udyTeam’
sEst
imat
e)

Twoobv iousbenef it
sofi mplement i
ngpol icyinit
i
ativesf ort heLCMB s cenar i
oi sthe
reduc ti
oni nex pendi tureonf uelsandt hegai ni nreduc edGHG emi s sion.Ther educti
on
i
n ex penditure off uels was es ti
mat ed bas ed on c ur r
entf uelpr i
c es (i
.e.pet rol-
RM2. 30/ l
itr
e,CNG -RM1. 05/l
it
re,di esel-RM2. 15/li
t
r e,andel ec t
ri
c i
tyRM0. 3945/ kWh) .
Figure7. 4s howst her elati
vetot alex pendi t
ureonf uelsf oral lthrees c
enar i
osf orthe
per i
odof2015t o2030.Asex pec t
ed,s omemodes tsav ingsi nex pendi tureonf uelswere
gener atedbyt heimpl ement ati
onof poli
c yinit
iati
vesinSc enario1.Forex ampl e,in2030,
expendi tureonf uelsi slowerby10. 0% underSc enari
o1( RM80. 9billion)v ers
ust heBAU
Sc enario( RM89. 9bi l
li
on).Inc ont r
as t
,s avingsi nexpendi t
ureonf uel spr oduc edunder
t
heLCMBSc enarioiss ubs t
anti
allylarger.By2030,t het otalannual ex pendit
ur eislower
f
ort heLCMBs cenarioby27. 1% ( RM24. 3bi ll
ion)compar edt ot heBAU Sc enar io.Total
expendi tureonf uel fort heLCMBSc enar ioin2030i sex pec t
edt obeRM65. 5bi ll
ion.The
presentv al
ueoft hes um ofs avingsi nex pendi t
ureonf uels( f
rom 2020t o2030)duet o
t
hei mpl ement at
ionoft hepolicyiniti
ati
v esf orLCMBs cenar i
oamount stoRM79. 5bil
li
on
.

At8% di
scountr
ate.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 Fi
gur
e7.
7:Expendi
t
ur eonEner
gybySc
enario(
2015-
2030)
(
Source:LEAPModel
Output
)

Note:Result
sar ebas edont hebes t
-casescenariowherealltar
getsundert hegiven
scenari
o are achieved.Actualresul
ts wi
llbe subjecttothe avai
labi
li
ty offundi
ng,
t
ec hnol
ogy,et
c .Thisdisc
lai
merisvali
dforall
s ubsequentpl
otsandfi
gures.

Apartfrom pr oduc i
ngbenef iti
nthef orm ofex penditureonf uel r
educt
ion, poli
cyini
ti
atives
f
ortheLCMB s c enari
owi llalsobr i
ngaboutpos iti
vei mpac tonglobalc l
imatethrough
GHGemi ssionreduc ti
on.TheGHGemi ssi
onf ortheLCMBs cenar
ioisc onsist
entl
ylower
t
hant heBAU s cenariofory ears2020t o2030.I n2030al one,GHG emi ssi
onundert he
LCMBs cenar i
o( 67.6milli
ont onnes )is28.5% l owert hant hatundert heBAU s cenario
(94.
5mi l
li
ont onnes ).
Theec onomi cv alueofGHG emi s si
onr educ t
ionc anbedet ermi
nedbymul t
iplyi
ngthe
emissionr educ ti
onwi tht hemar ketpricef orc arbonc urrentlytr
adingi nt heemi ssi
on
market.Int andem wi ththegr owingmagni tudeofr educti
oni nGHG emi ssionfrom 2020
onwards ,theec onomi cv alueofbenef i
tisex pectedt orisefrom RM0. 1bi l
li
onin2020t o
RM2.4bi ll
i
oni n2030.Thepr esentv al
ueoft otalec onomi cbenefit
,atan8% di scount
rat
e,fort he2020t o2030per i
odi ses ti
matedatRM8. 4bi l
li
on.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
The effect
ive and effi
cientimplement ati
on ofallstr
ategi
esint he LCMB Ac t
ion Plan
requi
resanav eragegov ernmentalc ommitmentofRM 1. 25bil
l
ionpery ear .Thepubl ic
budgetwi l
lcov erthec os ttoadminis t
erandincenti
visetheLCMB i ni
tiati
v es .Thet otal
publi
cex penditurebas edont hedet ail
edac t
ionplanslist
edabov e,includi ngt hr
ough
i
nfrast
ructureimpr ovementandf iscalincent
ivesesti
matedt obei nther egi onof RM
13.74 bil
li
on mi l
li
on overt he course of11 yearsf r
om 2020 to 2030,i nt urn wil
lbe
expectedtoinduc epr i
vates ect
orinves t
mentsesti
matedt obeatRM2. 3bi l
lion.By2030,
t
het ot
al annual expenditureonfuelisex pect
edtobel owerbyRM24. 3bi ll
ion.

Poli
cyi ni
ti
ati
vespr oposedinthiss t
udywi llals
obr ingaboutpos i
ti
veimpactonglobal
cl
imatet hrough GHG emi ssi
on reduc t
ion.The ec onomicvalue ofGHG emi ssi
on
r
educ t
ionc anbedet erminedbymul ti
plyi
ngt heemis si
onreduct
ionwiththemarketpri
ce
f
orc ar
bonc ur
rentl
yt r
adingintheemi ssi
onmar ket
.Thiss t
udynotesthatthecomputed
val
ue refersto“ economi cvalue”ofreduc ti
on in GHG emi ssi
on. Itisnotmeantt o
r
epresentthev alueoffinanci
alclai
mst hatcanbeobt ai
nedbys el
li
ngcarboncr
edits.

Theoverallcost
-benefitesti
matedaftertak
ingint
oac counttheabov ecostsandbenefit
aswellasmul ti
pli
erimpac tontheec onomyf r
om additi
onalpriv
ates ect
orinvestment
s
dur
ingtheplanper iodi ssummar i
zedi nTable7.3.Pos i
ti
venetbenef i
tsares t
rongest
f
rom Str
ategy1( Enc ouragi
ngAdoptionofLowEmi ssi
onVehi c
les),f
oll
owedbySt rat
egy
3(Adopti
ngEl ect
ri
cMobi l
it
yinStr
ategicAppli
cati
ons),i
fimplementedats c
ale.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
 Table 7.3: Estimated Costs and Benefits by Strategy and Phase

2020 – 2022 2023 – 2025 2026 – 2030 Net Benefits by Strategy

(RM millions) (RM millions) (RM millions) (RM million)

Emission Benefits

Emission Benefits

Emission Benefits
Private Individual

Private Individual

Private Individual
Reduced Energy

Reduced Energy

Reduced Energy
Private Sector
Private Sector

Private Sector
Reduced GHG

Reduced GHG

Reduced GHG

Total Benefits

GHG Benefits
Public Sector

Public Sector

Public Sector

Net Benefits
Expenditure

Expenditure

Expenditure

Expenditure

Expenditure

Expenditure

Total Costs
Strategy

Benefits

Benefits

Benefits
Costs

Costs

Costs
1 2.5 13.5
-
3,537 452 3.0
-
117.0 10,747 1,180 3.0
-
195.0 33,117 3,378 52,412 334.0 52,077.7 5,011

2 1.5 -
-
1,451 161 -
- -
4,408 421 -
-
- 13,582 1,205 21,228 1.5 21,226.1 1,788

3 749.3 51.3
-
2,416 361 520.0 95.0 659.0 7,342 361 195.0 97.0 1,221.0 22,658 1,034 34,172 3,587.5 30,584.7 1,756

4 0.8 -
-
155 213 -
- -
471 555 5.0
-
- 1,452 1,589 4,434 5.8 4,428.4 2,356

5 3.0 -
-
2 3 2.0
- -
5 8 2.0
-
- 15 22 55 7.0 47.5 33

6 6.5 -
-
1,022 118 2.0
- -
3,106 307 2.0
-
- 9,570 880 15,002 10.5 14,992.0 1,305

7 - 530.0
-
473 54 - 820.0
-
1,438 140 - 800.0 - 4,432 402 6,939 2,150.0 4,789.4 596

8 - -
-
819 97 2.0
- -
2,490 253 2.0
-
- 7,672 723 12,053 4.0 12,049.4 1,073

9 1.0 -
-
620 68 -
- -
1,885 179 -
-
- 5,807 511 9,070 1.0 9,069.4 758

10 23.0 -
-
98 11 33.0
- -
298 28 23.0
-
- 917 80 1,432 79.0 1,352.7 119

TOTAL 787.6 594.8

-
10,594 1,537 562.0 915.0 776.0 32,189 3,432 232.0 897.0 1,416.0 99,221 9,825 156,797 6,180.3 150,617.2 14,794
Thisrepor tpresentsther esul
tsoftheLCMBs tudyint hef orm ofstrategiesandac t
ion
pl
anst hatar eappr opr
iatetoachievetheobject
ivesandgoal thathav ebeens peci
fiedin
t
ermsofr educ t
ioninener gyconsumptionandGHG emi s s
ions .Abriefdes cr
ipti
onoft he
st
rategiesandac t
i
onpl anshav ebeenpr esent
edt ogetherwi t
ht heex pec t
edout comes
i
nter msofener gys av
ings ,GHG emis si
onreducti
ons,andex pec t
edec onomicbenef it
s
associatedwi t
ht hem.Wi ththeimplementat
ionofthes es t
rategiesandac ti
onplans ,i
tis
envisagedt hatlowc arbonmobi l
ityi
nlandtransportwil
l beac hievedby2030.

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
APPENDI
X

LI
STOFSTAKEHOLDERSI
NVOLVEMENTSANDCONTRI
BUTI
ON

Mini
str
y/Regul
atory/Agenci
es
KASA Mini
str
yofEnvir
onmentandWater
MGTC Malaysi
anGreenTechnol
ogyCorpor
ati
on
DOE Depart
mentofEnvi
ronmentMal
aysia

MOT Mini
st
ryofTransport
JPJ RoadTransportDepart
mentMal
aysi
a
APAD LandPubli
cTransportAgenc
y
PUSPAKOM PUSPAKOM SdnBhd

MI
TI Mi
nist
ryofI
nter
nat
i
onalTradeandIndust
ry
MARi
i Mal
aysiaAut
omoti
ve,Roboti
cs&IoTInst
it
ute

MOSTI Mi
nis
tryofSci
ence,Technol
ogyandInnovat
ion
MI
GHT Mal
aysianI
ndust
ry-Gover
nmentGroupforHighTec
hnol
ogy

KeTSA Mini
str
yofEner
gyandNat
ural
Res
our
ces
ST EnergyCommissi
on

MPI Mi
nist
ryofPri
maryI
ndustr
y
MPOB Mal
aysianPal
m OilBoar
d

MOF Mini
str
yofFinance
MEA Mini
str
yofEc onomi
cAf f
air
s
TDA Technol
ogyDepos i
tor
yAgency
SI
RIM SIRI
M Berhad

KPKT Mini
str
yofHousi
ngandLocalGovernment
MOW Mini
str
yofWorks
LLM LembagaLebuhr
ayaMalaysi
a
JKR Publ
icWorksDepar
tmentMalays
ia

KWP Mini
stryofFederal
Ter
ri
tor
ies
PLANMal
ays
iaFederalDepart
mentofTownandCount
ryPl
anni
ng

Counci
l/
Muni
cipal/LocalAuthori
ty
DBKL DewanBandar ayaKualaLumpur
MPSepang Maj l
i
sPer bandar
anSepang
PPj PutrajayaCorpor
ati
on
MPSJ Maj l
i
sPer bandar
anSubangJ aya
I
RDA I
s kandarRegionalDevel
opmentAut
hor
it
y
MPHTJ Maj l
i
sPer bandar
anHangTuahJ aya
MPSI Maj l
i
sPer bandar
anSeberangPerai

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT
OEMs/Pr i
vat
eOper
ator s/Compani es
PRASARANA Pras aranaMal aysiaBer had
RapidRail Rapi dRai lSdnBhd
RapidBus Rapi dBusSdnBhd
MRTCor p Mas sRapi dTr ansitCor porati
onSdnBhd
TNB TenagaNas ional Berhad
Si
ngleBuyer SingleBuy erTNB
TNBES TNBEner gySer vices
SPANCO Spanc oSdnBhd
DRB-HICOM DRB- HICOM Ber had
PROTON ProtonHol dingsBer had
ECLIMO ECLI MO SdnBhd
SEB Sar awakEner gyBer had
PETRONAS Pet r
onasDagangan
Cybervi
ew Cy berviewSdnBhd
HongLeongYM HongLeongYamahaMot or
KMM Kawas akiMot ors( Malay si
a)SdnBhd
NEUTO NEUTO Gr oupMal ay s
ia
RapidGenesi
s Rapi dGenes i
sSdnBhd
Mercedes Mer cedes -BenzMal aysia
Honda HondaMal ay si
a
E-Mas ERLMai ntenanc eSuppor tSdnBhd
Scania Scani a( Malays i
a)SdnBhd
Ti
ongNam Ti
ongNam Logi sti
csSol ut
ionsSdnBhd

Associ
ati
ons
MASAAM Mot
orcycl
e&ScooterAssembler sandDist
ribut
orsAs
soci
ati
on
ANGVA Asi
aPacif
icNat
uralGasVehiclesAs soc
iat
ion
MGA Mal
aysi
anGasAs soci
ati
on
MAA Mal
aysi
anAutomoti
veAs soci
ation

NGOs/Communit
iesGr
oup
CETDEM Cent
ref
orEnvi
ronmentTec
hnol
ogyandDevel
opmentMal
aysi
a
Bi
kewit
hElena Bi
keWit
hElena

Uni
ver
sit
ies/
Inst
it
uti
ons
UMPEDAC UM PowerEner
gyDedi
cat
edAdvancedCent
re

LOW CARBONMOBI
LIYBLUEPRI
NT