2023 년도 한국전자파학회 동계종합학술대회 논문집 Vol. 5, No. 1 2023. 2.

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111Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 FSK Backscatter Tag

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Fathul Mu’in *, Tommi Hariyadi *, Seong-Ook Park * III. Results and Discussions
System for RFID Applications
* KAIST
fathul.muin@kaist.ac.kr

I. Introduction
RFID systems have experienced an increase in demand for
long-distance communication for various applications. RFID
technology's main benefits are low power consumption and
simple hardware design. However, RFID implementation in large
spaces with enormous obstacles would make it challenging (a) for the
reader to detect the RFID tag because of the interference with
these obstacles [1]. Moreover, RFID tags mainly implement
amplitude modulation to send the ID information of the tag.
Unfortunately, amplitude modulation is very susceptible to clutter
noise, making it unsuitable for long-distance communication.
In this paper, we propose Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Backscatter Tag System to overcome the conventional RFID tag
limitations. Typically, we implement an FSK modulation scheme
into the backscatter tag so that it sends its ID information by
shifting the carrier frequency from the reader to represent the bit
signal. Moreover, the FSK signal has several benefits, such as its
robustness against fading as a constant-envelope (b) modulation and
its greater noise resistance
Fig. 2. Measurement result of than amplitude
FSK Backscatter tagmodulation due
(a) Scenario 1 (b) to its2.
Scenario
ability to achieve a lower Bit Error Rate (BER) for the same
To validate the backscatter tag work as described in section II.
digital-to-noise ratio.
We experiment to measure the backscatter tag signal and conduct a
variation frequency shift. In this scenario, we set the frequency
II. FSK Backscatter Tag System modulation of the backscatter tag with two different frequencies to
The general architecture of the FSK backscatter tag is depicted interpret the FSK signal modulation. The IF Signal was captured
in Figure 1. FSK backscatter tag uses the FSK digital modulation using MATLAB environment to extract the raw data of the radar,
to modulate the incoming/interrogation signal. In Figure 1, we can which contains a complex signal. Figure 2 shows the signal
see how the FSK backscatter tag modulates the processing results from the experiment. The results show that the
incoming/interrogation signal. Impedance mismatching is the key reader accurately detects the frequency modulation set in the
concept behind modifying and reflecting the incoming signals [2]. backscatter tag (switch speed), and the reader can distinguish
The backscatter tag varies its impedance over time to shift the frequency signals representing bits 0 and 1. Based on the result,
signal's frequency. The RF switch alternates between AT and 0 the FSK backscatter tag system works perfectly, shifting the
impedance back and forth to approximate sine or square waves to frequency carrier from the reader. This system is capable of
produce the impedance variation. Consequently, the incoming transmitting any ID information required to implement an RFID
signal's frequency is shifted based on the RF switch's frequency application over long-distance communication.
rate (switching speed of the RF switch). Acknowledgement
This work was supported by Samsung Research Funding & Incubation
Center of Samsung Electronics under Project Number SRFC-IT2101-06
References
[1] Kang Min Bae, Namjo Ahn, Yoon Chae, Parth Pathak, Sung-
Min Sohn, and Song Min Kim. 2022. OmniScatter: extreme
sensitivity mmWave backscattering using commodity FMCW
radar. MobiSys '22. 316–329.
[2] C. Xu, L. Yang and P. Zhang, "Practical Backscatter
Communication Systems for Battery-Free Internet of Things: A
Tutorial and Survey of Recent Research," in IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 16-27, Sept. 2018.
Fig. 1. FSK backscatter tag architecture.

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