Introduction to Management

and Organization

D3 BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
POLYTECHNIC OF KOTABARU

DAYAT IKHSAN H., S.PD., M.A.B., C.DMP.

NIDN. 1121129101
 Functional Areas of Business

 R&D
 Marketing
 Finance
 Production
 HR
 Functional Area of Business

 R&D = Research & Development

› New product design and development
 Functional Area of Business

 Marketing
› Planning and executing the conception,
pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas,
goods, and services to create exchanges
that satisfy individual and organizational
objectives
 Area Fungsional Bisnis
 Marketing (Pemasaran)
› Merencanakan dan mengeksekusi konsep,
menentukan harga, promosi, dan
penyaluran ide/gagasan, barang
dagangan, dan pelayanan untuk
menciptakan pertukaran yang memuaskan
secara individu dan tujuan organisasi
 Functional Area of Business

 Finance
› Revenue, expenses, budget, financial
records and financial statements
 Functional Area of Business

 Finance (Keuangan)
› Pendapatan, pengeluaran, anggaran,
catatan keuangan dan laporan keuangan
 Functional Area of Business

 Production
› Extraction and cultivation (products are
obtained from nature or grown using natural
resources)
› Processing (changing and improving the
form of another product)
› Manufacturing (combines raw materials and
processes goods into
finished products)
 Functional Area of Business
 Production (Produksi)
› Ekstraksi dan budidaya (produk yg diperoleh
dari alam atau ditanam menggunakan
sumber daya alam)
› Pengolahan (mengubah dan meningkatkan
bentuk produk lain)
› Manufaktur (menggabungkan bahan
mentah dan mengolahnya menjadi produk
jadi)
 Functional Area of Business

 HR = Human Resources
› People who work for a business/organization
› Involves in planning & staffing, performance
management, compensation & benefits,
and employee relations
 Functional Area of Business

 HR = Human Resources (SDM)

› Orang-orang yang bekerja untuk sebuah
bisnis atau organisasi/perusahaan
› Terdiri dari perencanaan & penempatan
staf, manajemen kinerja, kompensasi &
tunjangan, dan hubungan karyawan
Manager = ?
 Who managers are?

 Someone who coordinates and oversees

the work of other people in order to
accomplish organizational goals.
 Who managers are?

 Seseorang yang mengkoordinir dan

mengawasi pekerjaan orang lain untuk
mencapai tujuan organisasi.
 How many level of
managers can we classify?
 How to classify managers in
organizations?
Traditional Pyramid Form of Management Level

Top
Managers

Middle Managers

First-Line Managers
Non-Managerial
Employees
Functional R&D Marketing Finance Production HR
Areas
 I. Lowest Level of Management

 First-line managers: manage the work of

nonmanagerial employees who typically
are involve with producing the
organization’s products or servicing the
organization’s customer

 They are often called: supervisor, shift

manager, district manager, department
manager, office manager
 I. Lowest Level of Management

 First-line managers: mengelola

pekerjaan karyawan nonmanajerial
yang biasanya terlibat dalam
memproduksi produk organisasi atau
melayani pelanggan organisasi.
 They are often called: supervisor, shift
manager, district manager, department
manager, office manager
 II. Middle Level of Management

 Middle managers: manage work of first-

line managers

 They are often called: regional manager,

project leader, store manager, division
manager
 II. Middle Level of Management

 Middle managers: mengelola pekerjaan

manajer lini pertama

 They are often called: regional manager,

project leader, store manager, division
manager
 III. Upper Level of Management

 Top managers: are responsible for

making organizationwide decisions and
establishing the plans and goals that
affect the entire organization.

 They are often called: executive vice

president, president, managing director,
chief operating officer, chief executive
officer
 III. Upper Level of Management

 Top managers: bertanggung jawab

untuk membuat keputusan di seluruh
organisasi dan menetapkan rencana
dan tujuan yang mempengaruhi seluruh
organisasi.
 They are often called: executive vice
president, president, managing director,
chief operating officer, chief executive
officer
 What is Management?

 Management involves coordinating and

overseeing the work activities of others
so that their activities are completed
efficiently and effectively.

 Or Management is the art of getting work

done through others
 What is Management?

 Manajemen melibatkan koordinasi dan

pengawasan kegiatan pekerjaan orang
lain sehingga kegiatan mereka
diselesaikan secara efektif dan efisien.
 Or Management adalah seni
menyelesaikan pekerjaan melalui orang
lain
2 Important Words for
Management:
Effectiveness and Efficiency
  Effectiveness = do those work activities
Effectiveness and Efficiency that will help the organization reach its
goals
Effectiveness  “doing the right things”
 concern with ends(result) of
organizational goal achievement.
perhatian pada tujuan (hasil)
pencapaian tujuan organisasi

 Efficiency = getting the most output from

the least amount of inputs (mendapatkan
output paling banyak dari input paling
sedikit)
Efficiency

 “doing things right”

 concern with means(ways) of getting
things done (perhatian pada cara
menyelesaikan sesuatu)
Or…
  Effectiveness = accomplish tasks that help
fulfill organizational objectives
Effectiveness and Efficiency (menyelesaikan tugas yang membantu
Effectiveness
memenuhi tujuan organisasi)
 make the right decisions and successfully
carry them out to accomplish the org. goal
(membuat keputusan yang tepat dan
berhasil melaksanakannya untuk mencapai
sasaran organisasi).

 Efficiency = getting work done with a

minimum effort, expense, or waste
(menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan upaya,
biaya, atau pemborosan yang minimal)
Efficiency

 use resources – people, money, raw

materials– wisely and cost-effectively
(menggunakan sumber daya - karyawan,
uang, bahan mentah – dengan bijak dan
hemat biaya)
Efficiency and Effectiveness
in Management

Efficiency Effectiveness
(Means/Ways) (Ends/Results)

Resource Goal
Usage Attainment

Low Waste High Attainment

Management Strives for:

Low Resource Waste (high efficiency)
High Goal Attainment (high effectiveness)
Efficiency and Effectiveness
in Management

Efficiency Effectiveness
(Cara) (Hasil)

Penggunaan Pencapaian
Sumber Daya Tujuan

Pemborosan Pencapaian
Rendah Tinggi

Upaya Manajemen untuk:

Pemborosan Sumber Daya yang rendah (high efficiency)
Pencapaian Tujuan yang tinggi (high effectiveness)
Management Functions

PLANNING ORGANIZING

MANAGER

LEADING CONTROLLING
 1. PLANNING
 Define goals (menentukan tujuan)
 Establish strategies for achieving those
goals (Menetapkan strategi untuk
mencapai tujuan tersebut)
 Develop plans to integrate and coordinate
activities (Mengembangkan rencana untuk
mengintegrasikan dan mengoordinasikan
kegiatan)

Setting goals and plans (how to achieve

them)
 2. ORGANIZING
 Determine (menentukan)
› What tasks are to be done ?
› Who is to do them ?
› How tasks are to be grouped ?
› Who reports to whom ?
› Where decisions are to be made ?

Arrange tasks and other resources to

accomplish organization’s goals
(Mengatur tugas dan sumber daya lainnya untuk
mencapai tujuan organisasi)
 3. LEADING
 Motivate subordinates(lower positions) Memotivasi
bawahan (posisi yang lebih rendah)
 Help resolve group conflicts (Membantu
menyelesaikan konflik kelompok)
 Influence individuals or teams as they work
(Mempengaruhi individu atau tim saat mereka
bekerja)
 Select the most effective communication channel
(memilih saluran komunikasi yang paling efektif)
 Deal with employee behavior issues (Menangani
masalah perilaku karyawan)

Hire, train, motivate(lead) people

Mempekerjakan, melatih, memotivasi orang
 4. CONTROLLING
 Monitor activities’ performance (memantau kinerja setiap
aktivitas/pekerjaan)
 Compare actual performance with the set goals
(membandingkan kinerja aktual dengan tujuan yang
ditetapkan)
 Evaluate activities’ performance whether things are going
as planed (Mengevaluasi kinerja setiap
aktivitas/pekerjaan, apakah semuanya berjalan sesuai
rencana)
 Correct any disturbance to get work back on track and
achieve the set goals (memperbaiki gangguan apa pun
untuk mengembalikan pekerjaan ke jalur dan mencapai
tujuan yang ditetapkan)

Ensure all activities are accomplished as planned

(Memastikan semua kegiatan terlaksana sesuai rencana)