San Gabriel, Bess S.

BSME-2B

BASIC DC POWER SUPPLY

1. Block diagram of a DC power supply

2. Functions of each block/ parts

 Transformer- used to adjust the supply voltage in accordance with the demands
of the solid-state electronic devices and circuits that will be powered by dc
power supplies.
 Rectifier- Using a rectifier, you can change sinusoidal ac voltage into either
positive or negative pulsating dc. For rectification, or the conversion of ac into
dc, a P-N junction diode can be employed, which conducts when forward biased
and typically does not conduct when reverse biased.
 Filter- is a device which passes dc component to the load and blocks I ac
components of the rectifier output.
 Voltage regulator- The voltage regulator can be made of a Zener diode, discrete
transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), or any combination of these. Its major job is
to keep the dc output voltage steady. Any ac ripple voltage that isn't reduced by
the filter is also rejected. Protective components like short-circuit protection,
current limiting, thermal shutdown, or over-voltage protection may also be part
of the regulator.
 Output voltage- has a pulsing quality, meaning that in addition to its desired dc
component, it also contains undesirable ac components. Constant direct voltage
is required for the majority of supply uses rather than the rectifier's output. A
filter circuit is needed to lower the voltage's ac components coming from the
rectifier output.
3. Discuss the difference between half wave and full wave rectification.
 In a half-wave, only one diode is used, and only the positive half of each cycle is
rectified, whereas on a full-wave, two diodes are used, and both the positive and
negative half cycles are rectified, and the current is continuously flowing.
4. Describe how a center-tapped full-wave rectifier works.
 The input AC voltage of the center tapped full wave rectifier is changed into the
output DC voltage using a center tapped transformer. The center-tapped
 transformer's secondary winding separates the input AC voltage into positive
and negative components when input AC voltage is supplied.
5. Describe how a bridge full-wave rectifier works.
 Using both half cycles of the applied ac voltage, it transforms an ac voltage into a
pulsing dc voltage. It uses two diodes, one of which conducts during one half
cycle of the applied ac voltage and the other during the other half cycle.
6. Describe the operation of a capacitor filter.
 This capacitor's operation primarily relies on the capacitive reactance concept. It
merely describes how a capacitor's impedance changes as a signal with a
particular frequency passes through it. Apart from the frequency of the signal, a
resistor, a nonreactive component, provides a similar resistance to a signal. In
other words, equal resistance allows impulses at 1Hz and 100KHz to pass
through a resistor.
7. Discuss voltage regulators
 A voltage regulator is a circuit that establishes and maintains a constant output
voltage, regardless of alterations in the input voltage or load conditions.