ASSIGNMENT NO:1

SUBJECT: APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGIES(ICT)
TOPIC: TYPES OF COMPUTERS

NAME: LARAIB MUKHTAR RANA

MAJOR: BBA
ROLL NO: F23BBAM023
SECTION: C
INSTRUCTOR NAME: MS FARYAL TANSEER

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 8-SEP-23 FRIDAY

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 TYPES OF COMPUTERS:

1.INDIVIDUAL COMPUTERS: Any general purpose computing device that is

operated by one human user at a time for that user’s benefit.

Types of individual computers;

a.DESKTOP/PC: A desktop computer is a personal computer designed for regular use at a

stationary location on or near a desk (as opposed to a portable computer) due to its size and
power requirements.

PURPOSE: The purpose of desktop computer is to:

 Provide a personal computer designed for regular use at a stationary location on or

near a desk.

 Utilize peripheral devices for interaction, such as a keyboard and mouse for input, and
display devices like a monitor, projector, or television.

 Display and organize icons on a screen when referring to an operating system or GUI
(graphical user interface).

FUNCTION: The function of a desktop computer is to12:

 Run the operating system

 Receive input and instructions from software and other hardware
 Process input data and create output which is either displayed on the screen or sent to
other components such as storage devices and printers.

FEATURES: It is a micro-computer designed to fit on a desk.They are generally made to

stay at one location. It comprises of the system unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other
peripherals.

ADVANTAGES: 1. These computers have a low maintenance cost.

2.The computer has high disk space so a lot of information can be stored on the PC.

3. Typing is done easily on a desktop computer because of the large key boards.

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DISADVANTAGES:1. It is expensive to buy a desktop computer.

2. Extra noise of desktop PC listens when it operates.

3. A desktop computer is not portable like a laptop.

b.WORKSTATION: A workstation is a special computer designed for technical

or scientific applications.

PURPOSE: Workstation is a computer that has high specifications and is used for complex
work tasks. Workstation can connect to other computers or servers through a network.
Workstation has advanced graphics capabilities, large storage capacity, and a powerful
central processing unit. Workstation is more capable than a personal computer but less
advanced than a server. Workstation is an area where an individual performs daily work-
related tasks.

FUNCTIONS: Workstations are computers that are used primarily to perform

computationally intensive scientific and engineering tasks. They have raw processing power
that allows them to accommodate high-resolution or three-dimensional graphic interfaces,
sophisticated multitask software, and advanced abilities to communicate with other
computers. Workstation functions allow access to two discrete types of workstation
information: system information and platform-specific information.

FEATURES:Reliable high-performance graphics card. Multiple processor sockets,

powerful CPUs.

ADVANTAGES:1. High processing speed, making it the best choice for complex projects.

2.Multiuser operating system, which allows multiple users to work on the same project.

3. Larger hard drive.

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DISADVANTAGES:1. High cost compared to other microcomputers.

2.Limitation in resource allocation, which may limit the number of users.

3.Difficult to move from one place to another.

4.High power consumption due to high RAM, hard drives, and multiprocessors.

c.LAPTOP: A computer that is portable and suitable for use while travelling.

PURPOSE: A laptop allows students to keep themselves organized, create and save
assignments, and access online resources. : A laptop enables employees to work remotely and
stay connected with their colleagues and clients.

FUNCTION: The functions of a laptop are: To provide a lightweight and portable device
for computing tasks.To save desk space and reduce the need for peripherals. To enable
working on the go and transferring projects between work and home.

FEATURES: A portable and compact design that can be easily carried to different
locations. A built-in monitor, keyboard, touchpad, speakers, webcam, and microphone.A
rechargeable battery that can power the laptop without a power cord.

ADVANTAGES:1. Portability and mobility

2.Convenience

3.Improved performance

4.Battery life

DISADVANTAGES:1. Durability 2. Sensitivity 3.Higher cost 4. Frequent

updates
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c. (LAPTOP)
d.TABLETS: A tablet is a wireless touch screen personal computer that is smaller than a
notebook but larger than a smartphone.

PURPOSE: Tablets are "media machines," used for games and entertainment.
FUNCTIONS: Instant start function,dual front and rear cameras, Anti-glare screen,USB
interface.

1.SCREEN: The screen is the most important thing in a tablet and what makes it very
flashy, both visually and because of the versatility it can offer.

2.Processor: The processor is the brain or engine of a tablet and the one that allows the
execution of the programs.

3.Connectivity: All tablets have wireless connectivity, both via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
ADVANTAGES:
 Excellent portability
 Can run multiple applications simultaneously
 Great for reading

DISADVANTAGES:
 Not comfortable for typing. Even the external keyboards that can be installed are not
very comfortable to say.
 They are also quite fragile and susceptible to drops, scratches, and general damage
due to their delicate structure.

e. HANDHELD PCs: A handheld personal computer is a pocket-sized computer typically

built around a clamshell form factor and is significantly smaller than any standard laptop
computer.
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PURPOSE: A handheld computer is a small device that can run computer programs and
games.

FUNCTIONS: Notes can be digitized · Used for sending and receiving invoices · Used for
asset management · For scanning barcodes · Watch television through the medium of internet
by IPTV · Can sync information or data and share stuff.

FEATURES:1. Its work is to provide real-time operations.

2.There is direct usage of interrupts.
3.Input/Output device flexibility.
4.Configurability.

ADVANTAGE: 1. Portability. 2. Price

DISADVANTAGE: 1. Smaller Keyboards 2. Size

f. SMART PHONES: A mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer,
typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of
running downloaded apps.

PURPOSE: The purpose of a smartphone is to keep users connected through various

communication and social media apps, as well as to access and browse the Web.

FUNCTIONS: Make and receive phone calls and text messages.Take, show, and store
pictures and video. Browse the Internet, and send and receive e-mail. GPS capability for
location and navigation. Record and play audio and music. Display time and date and other
functions such as alarm clock, stopwatch, and timer.

FEATURES: 1. Wi-Fi 2.3G/4G/LTE 3.GPS 4. Bluetooth 5. Voice-user interface

ADVANTAGES: Instant info, work productivity, and various forms of entertainment.
DISADVANTAGES: Some cons are reduced face-to-face interaction, distraction, and
addiction.

g. SMART WATCHES: a mobile device with a touchscreen display, designed to be worn

on the wrist.

PURPOSE:1. Stay connected. A smartwatch can be a great way to stay connected to your
social media and email. 2. For style and design. 3. Tracking fitness goals This is probably
the biggest reason why is the smartwatch important.

FUNCTION: Connecting with your smartphone to show your incoming messages and
calls. Running apps with additional features like maps, weather, and calendars. Tracking your
health and fitness activities like heart rate, steps, calories, and sleep. Playing and controlling
music from your smartphone or watch. Making and receiving calls from your watch.

FEATURES: Wireless Charging .Voice Command . Heart Rate Monitoring. Make and
Receive Calls Some smartwatches actually allow you to make and receive phone calls.

ADVANTAGES:1. Fashionable. 2. Convenience. 3. Never Miss a Call. 4. Quick

Access to Notifications.

DISADVANTAGES:1. Smartwatches can be quite expensive. 2. Limited Battery Life.

3.Size.

2.ORGANIZATIONAL COMPUTERS: Computers used in organizations can be

classified as follows:
a. NETWORK SERVORS: Network servers are high-powered computers used as a
central repository for data and various programs shared by users within a network.

PURPOSE: Facilitate data transmission and communication between devices. Enable

efficient and secure network connectivity. Enhance network performance and optimize traffic
flow.

FUNCTION: : Network devices are hardware devices that link computers, printers, faxes
and other electronic devices to the network Simplify network management and
configuration. Provide network security by enforcing access control and threat prevention.

FEATURES : Data Sharing, Reliability, Scalability ,Security Performance ,Backup

Software and Hardware Compatibility.

ADVANTAGES: Security is good - users cannot see other users' files unlike on stand-
alone machines. Data is easy to backup as all the data is stored on the file server.

DISADVANTAGES: Purchasing the network cabling and file servers can be expensive.
b.MAINFRAME COMPUTERS : A mainframe computer, informally called a
mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical
applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer
statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.

PURPOSE: Perform large-scale transaction processing (thousands of transactions per

second). Support thousands of users and application programs concurrently accessing
numerous resources. Manage terabytes of information in databases. Handle large-bandwidth
communication.

FUNCTION: The functions of a mainframe computer include: 1. Central data repository

2. .Preserve data permissions. 3.Allocate processor time 4. Run intensive applications.
5. Act as a data warehouse orchestration system.

FEATURES: Mainframe computers have the following features:

1.Large number of CPUs with greatest processing power 2.Huge memory capacity
3.Increased performance by sharing workload 4.Centralized computing 5.Reliability

ADVANTAGES: : Advantages of mainframe computer High-end scalability: They are

scalable in the sense that more hardware i.e. processors and memory can be added if needed

DISADVANTAGES: These computers have a very high price and they cannot be used in
homes.

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c. MINI COMPUTERS: A minicomputer lies between the mainframe and the
microcomputer because its size is smaller than the former one and larger than the latter one.
A minicomputer is also called as a mid-range computer.

PURPOSE: Minicomputers are generally used as mid-range servers, where they can operate
mid-sized software applications and support numerous users simultaneously.

FUNCTION: Communication Minicomputers serve as a link between a human operator

and a more powerful processor. Management of Data

FEATURES: Minicomputers may contain one or more processors, support multiprocessing

and tasking, and are generally resilient to high workloads.

ADVANTAGES: Cost,Physical Size, Flexibility,Portability.

DISADVANTAGES: Optical drive,Screen size,Keyboard size.
d.SUPER COMPUTERS: A supercomputer is a computer or array of computers that act
as one collective machine capable of processing enormous amounts of data very quickly.

PURPOSE: The purpose of supercomputers is to perform data-intensive and computation-

heavy tasks that require a lot of processing power.

FUNCTION: Some of the functions of supercomputers include: 1.Climate research

2.Weather forecasting 3.Physical simulations 3.Code breaking 4.Genetic analysis

FEATURES: They can solve complicated calculations that other standard computers
cannot. A supercomputer allows multiple users to access supercomputing at the same time.It
has a very high storage capacity.
ADVANTAGES: 1. They can solve bigger problems. 2.They can run more problems in
shorter time. 3.They may save money. 4.They allow for virtual testing.

DISADVANTAGES: 1.Takes up a lot of space 2.May only be good for specific

applications 3.Does not replace physical testing 4.Requires trained staff.