Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

648 [6]
9 Given that f(x) = x? — Te find the value of x for which f”(x) = 0.
x
Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q7 Jun 2012

10 xem

45cm

60cm

A rectangular sheet of metal measures 60cm by 45cm. A scoop is made by cutting out squares,
of side x cm, from two corners of the sheet and folding the remainder as shown.
a Show that the volume, Vcm’ of the scoop is given by
V = 2700x — 165x? + 2x. [2]

b Given that x can vary, find the value of x for which Vhas a stationary value. [4]

Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q7i,ti Nov 2010

11 ——* cm —-

Vectors
This section will show you how to:
4 a wat 3 °
m use vectors in any form, e.g. GI AB , p, ai+ bj
The diagram shows an empty container in the form of an open triangular prism. The triangular
use position vectors and unit vectors
faces are equilateral with a side of xcm and the length of each rectangular face is ycm. The
find the magnitude of a vector; add and subtract vectors and multiply vectors by scalars
container is made from thin sheet metal. When full, the container holds 200V3 cm3,
compose and resolve velocities.
i Show that Acm?, the total area of the thin sheet metal used, is given by ie > > Ser a er

7 me = a eal :
V3x? 1600 == e ae
A= + . ae
* hen Be — —
2 x [5] — <= —_
—_ —
a
* = — 4 — =f

[6] _ an = 2 a ss = a
| Given that x and ycan vary, find the stationary value of A and determine its nature. zai alee” gi =, am ee
ii en
=
E _
ac = ~ <= = ang aa alt es

Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 12 Q9 Mar 201 3 >a =e “ —— gg *

af
L a =
= we —
ae— Sa =
— as
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<a _ some _
<Ieto a
os = coe
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¥ =
oe a = —_
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ie
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 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

13.1 Further vector notation

You should already be familiar with the following vector work: The vector AB in the diagram can be written in component form as (3) B
Quantities that have both magnitude and direction are called vectors.
AB can also be written as 4i+ 3j, where:
Quantities that have only magnitude are called scalars.
iis a vector of length | unit in the positive x-direction
AB means the displacement from the point A to the point B.
and jisavector of length 1 unit in the positive y-direction.
For the diagram, AB = ae
Note:
The ‘magnitude’ of the vector AB means the ‘length’ of the vector AB and is denoted by | AB |.
A vector of length 1 unit is called a unit vector.
| AB | is called the modulus of the vector AB.
Heceecaey = a

Using Pythagoras for the diagram, | AB |= (4)? +3)? = 5.

WORKED EXAMPLE1 P.
Two vectors are said to be equal if they are the same length
and are in the same direction.
a Write PO in the form ait 4j. Ae
a
The vector —a is the same length as the vector a but is in the opposite direction.
b Find|PQ|. Q
Addition and subtraction of vectors
The vector a + b means the vector a followed by the vector b.
The vector a — b means the vector a followed by the vector —b.
Answers
The resultant vector is often shown with a double arrow.
It is drawn from the starting point to the finishing point. a PO =4i-2j
b Using Pythagoras, PO | = (4)? + 2) 20k an/5.
For example, if a = (3) and b= a then a+ b and a— b can be shown on a vector diagram as:

, | Finish You could be asked to find the unit vector in the direction of a given vector.

The method is outline in the following example.

WORKED EXAMPLE 2

Sat = .
EF = 4i+ 3j
.
. . =
Find the unit vector in the direction of the vector EF.
a+b
and a-—b can also be found as follows:

vew=()e()-(Sur)-(0) — e-»()-()-Ga)-G)
ef 4) _{2+4)_ (6 ele) aA the ek A a ee
Answers

First find the length of the vector EF:

Multiplication by a scalar EF? = 47 + 3° using Pythagoras F.
a
EF=5
—_
a The vector a+ a can be written as 2a.
Hence the unit vector in the direction of FF iss
1
The vectors a and 2a are examples of parallel vectors. =a(41
+ 3j i)
Two vectors are parallel if one vector can be written as a multiple of the other vector.
For example:
1) ana [7°] are parallel and in the same direction because ad 5 as :
3 15 15 5

| and e are parallel and in opposite directions because & ae Le

Collinear points
ifAB = kAC then the points A, Band Care collinear.
(This is because the lines AB and AC must be parallel and the point A lies on both lines.)
 Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics Chapter 13: Vectors

WORKED EXAMPLE 3 7 p=9i+12j, q=3i-3j and r=7i+j

Find
a =-21+3j, b=4i-j and c= ~-22i+18).
Find A and yp such that Aa + ub = ec. a|p+q| b |p+qtrl.
8 p=7i-2j and q=i+ pj.
Answers Find A and p such that Ap + q = 36i — 13).
Aat+ ub=c
A(-2i + 3j) + w(4i- j) = -22i + 18j
9 a=5i-6j,b=-i+2j and c=~-13i+18j.
Find Aand yp such that Aa+ ub =c.
Equating the i’s gives
—21 + 41 = —22
SAT? eo Veet (1)
13.2 Position vectors
Equating the j’s gives
3A-p=18 The position vector of a point P relative to an origin,
672 130 (2) O, means the displacement of the point Pfrom O.
Adding equations (|) and (2) gives
5A = 25
A=5
P
Substituting for A in equation (1) gives
—-5 + 2u=-11
2u = —-6
er

w= -3
So A= 5, p = -3.
O 1 2 3$ 4 x
%

Exercise 13.1 For this diagram, the position vector of P is

/ Al
1 Write each vector in the form ai+ dj. ; | OB -(3)9 or OP = 3i+2}
med
d AR e BE f DE i a 7
_—_

Now consider two points A and B with position vectors a and b.

lian

2 Find the magnitude of each of these vectors.

a —2i b 41+ 3j ¢ 5i-12j d —8i- 6j
e 7i1+.24j f 15i- 8j § -4i+4j h 5i-10j
3 The vector AB has a magnitude of 20 units and is parallel to the
vector 4i + 3j.
Find AB.
4 The vector PO has a magnitude of 39 units and is parallel to the
AB means the position vector of B relative to A.
vector 12i— 5j.
Find PQ. AB -40 +08
5 Find the unit vector in the direction of each of these vectors.
=-OA + OB
a 6i+ 8j b 5i+12j c —-4i- 3j d 8i- 15j e 31+ 3j Hence:

6 p= 8i-6j, q = -2i+ 3j and r = 10i

AB = OB ~OA or pe pera
Find
] ]
a 2q b 2p+q c oP -3r d gt Pa.
 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

Exercise 13.2
WORKED EXAMPLE 4
1 Find AB, in the form ai+ bj, for each of the following.
Relative to an origin O, the position vector of Pis 4i+5j and the position vector of a A(4, 7) and B(3, 4) b A(0, 6) and B(2, —-4)
Qis 10i — 3j.
c A(3,—-3) and B(6, —2) d A(7, 0) and B(-5, 3)
a Find PQ. e A(-4,-2) and B(-3, 5) f A(5,—-6) and B(-l, —7).
—>=_—Ssdsé$—Rr>
The point Rlies on PQ such that PR= 4 PQ.
b Find the position vector of R. Ois the origin, Pis the point (1, 5) and PQ = 2) Find OQ.

Answers b Ois the origin, Eis the point (-3, 4) and EF = (3) .

a PO = 00-OP OQ = 10i— 3j and OP =4i+5j Find the position vector of F-

collect i's and j’s = ( ‘
= (10i- 3j) — (4i+ 5j) c Ois the origin, Mis the point (4, -2) and NM
PQ = 6i- 8} Find the position vector of N. 7
‘y . the
1
b PR =—PQ The vector OA hasa magnitude of 25 units and is parallel to
4 R vector —3i+ 4j.
:
= —i ( (6i- 8ji) The vector OB has a magnitude of 26 units and is parallel to the

age
OR = OP + PR
0 + *
vector 12i+ 5j.
Find:
a OA b OB c AB d |asl.
= (41+ 5j) + (1.5i- 2j)
— Q Relative to an origin O, the position vector of A is —7i — 7j and the
OR = 5.bi+ 3j
position vector of Bis 91+ 5j.
The point Clies on AB such that AC =3CB.
WORKED EXAMPLE 5 a Find AB.
b Find the unit vector in the direction of AB.
5j, 10i—j
Relative to an origin O, the position vectors of points A, Band Care —2i+ c Find the position vector of C.
AB, find the value of A.
and 4(2i+ j) respectively. Given that Clies on the line
and the position
Relative to an origin O, the position vector of Pis —2j — 4j
vector of Qis 8i+ 20j.
=

Answers
= Sages

_—
OB =10i—jand OA =-2i
— a —
—
AB = OB — OA a Find PO.
+ 5j b Find | PQ |.
collect i's and j’s
= (10i- j) -— (-2i+ 5)) c Find the unit vector in the direction of PO.
= 121 - 6j
d Find the position vector of M, the midpoint of PQ.
If Clie’ on the line AB, then AC =k AB. and the position
and OA =-21+5j Relative to an origin O, the position vector of A is 4i — 2j
AC = OC -OA OC =A(Qi+j)
vector of Bis Ai+ 2j.
= A(2i+ j) — (-2i+ Bj) collect i’s and f’s
the value of A.
= (244+ 2i- (5-A)j The unit vector in the direction of AB is 0.31+ 0.4 j. Find

RAB = k(12i-6)) Relative to an origin O, the position vector of A is (13)

and the
= 12ki— 6kj
Hence, (24 +2)i-(5-A)j = 12hi- 64; position vectors of Bis (4) ;
Equating the i’s gives: 24 +2 = 12k ————-—— (1)
a Find AB.
Equating the j’s gives: 9 5 — A = 6k multiply both sides by 2
= DAB.
10-2A =12k ---------------(2) The points A, B and Clie on a straight line such that AC
Using equation (|) and equation (2) gives b Find the position vector of the point C.
9A +2=10-2A
4A =8
A=2
 9) clas Ek
(el ary OD
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional VFL MaCotAt te L Aco)

CHALLENGE Q
and the
8 Relative to an origin O, the position vector of A is ( 0 16 Relative to an origin O, the position vectors of points P, Qand Rare
4 ~
—6i + 8j, —4i+ 2j and 5i + 5j respectively.
position vectors of Bis C) .
a Find the magnitude of
a Find: i PQ ii PR ili QR.
i | 0A i | OB| ii | AB. angle PQR is 90°.
b Show thataes
The points A, Band Clie ona straight line such that AC = CB. c If OP =AOQ + LOR, find the value of 4 and the value of u.
b Find the position vector of the point CG.
9 Relative to an origin O, the position vector of A is 3i — 2j and the position
vector of Bis 15i+ 7j.
13.3 Vector geometry
a Find AB. oa
The point Clies on AB such that AC = 1B. ey Td ee ae
3
b Find the position vector of C. B

position
10 Relative to an origin O, the position vector of A is 61 + 6j and the
vector of Bis 12i- 2j. x
a Find AB. O - A
The point Clies on AB such that AC = “AB. 5 be
a
b Find the position vector of C. OA= a, OB = b, BX =—= BA and OY =7 OA.
position
es 11 Relative to an origin O, the position vector of A is (?] and the a Find in terms of a and b:

i BA ii BX iii OX iv BY
vector of Bis (2) . in terms of A, aand b.
b Given that OP = AOX, find OP
—_ —_ _, oo _,
of C.
The points A, Band Care such that BC = 2AB. Find the position vector c Given that BP = BY, find OP in terms of yu, a and b.
Care d Find the value of A and the value of u
12 Relative to an origin O, the position vectors of points A, Band
bi —11j, 23i-4j and A(i— 3j) respectively. {
=

Given that Clies on the line AB, find the value of A. Answers
b.wt

13 Relative to an origin O, the position vectors of A, B and Care

—2i+ 7j, a i BA=0A-OB=a-b
9i — j and 6i+ Aj respectively. ii Fh aS)
5 5
a Find the value of A when AC = 17.
iii OX = OB + BX =b+ (a —b)= =a + =b
A when ABCis a straight line.
b Find the value of
iv BY =BO + OY =-b+ 3oR = on —b
c Find the value of A when ABCis a right-angle. 4 4
ae Ox
14 Relative to an origin O, the position vector of Ais —6i + 4i4j and the b OP =AOX
XOB. ,
position vector of Bis 18i+ 6j. Clies on the y-axis and OC= 0A +
- ale a+ 20]
Find OC,
Bae aA)
the position
the
15 Relative to an origin O, the position vector of Piss 8i +3y3j and 5
vector ofof Qis —12i — 7j. Rlies on the x-axis and OR= OP + ud.
Find OR.
 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

c OP = OB+BP b i BX = ABP
= b+ [BY = 1(B0
+ OP)
3
=b+ul|—a—-b
saa = A [4 +08 | use OA = 3a

=Bat(l- wb = 2A, _ aap

7
— —>=> ser mens 9
d Equating the coefficients of a for OP gives: ii MX = MB + BX use BX = ea
be ~ 4Ab
i
A
gh = Bu divide both sides by 3 = 2bt+ aa — 4Ab collect a’s and b’s
5 4 ‘

A ale multiply both sides by 20 alee a+(2-4A)b

5 64
AQ = Bp) ¢ IfM, Xand Aare collinear, then MX = kMA.
Equating the coefficients of b for OP gives: 14 a +(2-42)b = k(3a — 2b)
= =l-yp multiply both sides by 5 Equating the coefficients of a gives:
12A
9A=5-5u (2) oa 7 divide both sides by 3

Adding equation (1) and equation (2) gives:

6A =5
Equating the coefficients of b gives:
ea —2k=2-4d divide both sides by —2
5
Substituting 2 = a in equation (1) gives f=
Using equation (|) and equation (2) gives:
Hence, A = 2 and [= ee 4A
6 3 24 -1l=—
7
144-7=4A
10A =7
WORKED EXAMPLE 7 A=0.7
Langa

OA = 3a, OB = 4b and Mis the midpoint of OB. Exercise 13.3 P

OP: PA =4:3 and BX = ABP. 1 OA =a, OB =b.
a Find in terms of a and b: Ris the midpoint of OA and OP = 30B.
i AB ii MA. AQ = AAB and RO =URP.
b Find‘in terms of A, a and b:
a Find 00 in terms of A, a and b. Q
i BX i , MX.
c If M, Xand Aare collinear, find the value of A. O b Find 00 in terms of Lt, a and b.
R A
c Find the value of A and the value of y.
3a C
Answers 2 AB =5a, DC = 3a and CB = b.
a i AB =AO +08 AX = AAC and DX = MDB. X b
= —3a+ 4b
-—_—- > —_ a Find in terms of a and b, i AD, ii DB.
ii MA = MO+0OA
b Find in terms of A, u,aand/orb, i AX, ii DX.
= —2b+3a
= 3a—2b c Find the value of A and the value of y. Ba B
 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

8 O,A, Band Care four points such that

= 2b, and 00 = 3b.
PY ,
3 OP =a
OA =7a—5b,OB = 2a+5b and OC =-2a+13b.
Of = 107 and OX = OP. a Find i AC ii AB.

be
a Find OX in terms of A, a and b,
b Use your answers to part a to explain why B lies on the line AC,
b Find Ox in terms of Ll, a and b,
2b
c Find the value of 2 and the value of u. CHALLENGE Q

9 OA =a and OB =b.
OA: AE=1:3 and AB: BC=1: 2. C
OB = BD D
4 OA =a, OB =b. a Find, in terms of aand/orb, B

Bis the midpointof ODand AC = : OA. i OF ii OD iii OC. O :

b Find, in terms of a and/or b, A
AX =ZAD and BX = UBC.
i CE ii CD iii DE.
a Find Ox in terms of A, a and b.
c Use your answers to part b to explain why C, Dand are collinear.
b Find OX in terms of L, a and b.
d Find the ratio CD: DE.
c Find the value of 2 and the value of w.
forms a straight line

i
OA =a, OB =b.
13.4 Constant velocity problems
Mis the midpoint of AB and OY = ‘ OA.
If an object moves with a constant velocity, v, where v = (4i- 2j) ms",
OX
= 40M and BX = UBY. the velocity can be represented on a diagram as:
a Find in terms of a and b, Velocity is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
i AB ii OM. The magnitude of the velocity is the speed.
b Find ‘OX in terms of A, aand b.
If v = (4i- 2j) ms” then,
c Find ‘OX in terms of p, a and b.
speed = (4)? + (-2)°
d Find the value of J and the value of U.
= /20
= 9/5 ms.
OA =a, OB =b, BX =3 BA and OF => OA.
You should already know the formula for an object moving with constant speed:
OP = AOX and BP = BY.
distance travelled
a Find OP in terms of A, a and b. Specd =
time taken
b Find OP in terms of L aand b.
c Find the value of A and the value of y.
Similarly, the formula for an object moving with constant velocity is:

OA = a, OB = b and Ois the origin. solociar= displacement

time taken
OX = AOA and OY =/0B.
ai Find BX in terms of A, aand b.
ii Find AY in terms of UW, a and b.
b 5BP =2BX and AY =4PY..
i Find OP in terms of A, a and b.
ii. Find OP in terms of H, aand b.
iii. Find the value of A and the value of U.
 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

Hence the position’ vector, r, of the boat t hours after 12 00 hours is given by
Splitting a velocity into its components the expression:
can be written in

(3)
The velocity of a particle travelling north-east at 4,/2 ms
the form (ai + bj) ms”:
b
cos 45° = é and sin45° =
~ 4/2 4,/2 This leads to the general rule:
a = 4/2 x cos45° b = 4,/2 x sin 45°
If an object has initial position a and moves with a constant velocity v, the
a=4 b=4 Velocity tv.
vector r, at time ¢, is given by the formula: r=a-+
Hence the velocity vector is (4i + 4 j) ms".
Start point
position

The velocity of a particle travelling on a bearing of 120° at 20m s! Exercise 13.4

can be written in the form (xi +yi) ms}; 1 a Displacement = (21i + 54 j) m, time taken = 6 seconds. Find the velocity.
cos60° = 2
b Velocity = (5i- 6 j)ms‘, time taken = 6 seconds. Find the displacement.
sin 60° = ~ and
20 20 y
x = 20 x sin 60° y = 20 x cos 60° c Velocity = (-4i+ 4j)km hr, displacement = (-50i + 50j) km.
x = 10V3 y = 10 Find the time taken.
2 Acar travels from a point A with position vector (60i — 40j) km to a point B
Hence the velocity vector is (10V3i - 10)) ms”.
with position vector (—50i + 18j) km.
WORKED EXAMPLE 8 The car travels with constant velocity and takes 5 hours to complete
the journey.
An object travels at a constant velocity from point A to point B. Find the velocity vector.
AB = (32i— 24j) m and the time taken is 4s. Find:
a the velocity b the speed. 3 A helicopter flies from a point P with position vector (50i + 100j)km toa
point Q.
Answers The helicopter flies with a constant velocity of (301 — 40j) km h| and takes
Q.
9.5 hours to complete the journey. Find the position vector of the point
a velocity = displacem ent Betas Ee eeiaiase!
time taken 4
4 a Acar travels north-east with a speed of 18/2 kmh.
b speed = V(8)? + (-6)” =10 ms Find the velocity vector of the car.
b A boat sails on a bearing of 030° with a speed of 20km ht.
LBs T

Consider a boat sailing with velocity () kmh. Find the velocity vector of the boat.
c Aplane flies on a bearing of 240° with a speed of 100ms".
At 12 00 hours the boat is at the point A with position vector ( ;) km relative
Is Find the velocity vector of the plane.
to an origin O.
5 A particle starts at a point P with position vector (-80i + 60j)m relative to
The diagram shows the positions of the boat
an origin O.
at 12 00 hours, | pm, 2 pm, 3 pm, 4pm... J
144 A The particle travels with velocity (12i-16j)ms".
ws 3 3 6 12 4 1 pm a Find the speed of the particle.
The position at 1 pm = +1 =
13 2 11 ‘ b Find the position vector of the particle after
10+ “2 pm
3 +2 3) = _(9 84
+s ~~ pm
i 1 second ii 2 seconds iii 3 seconds.
The position at 2 pm = 64 | c Find the position vector of the particle tseconds after leaving P.
13 —2 9

ws 3 3 12 4 7 < ‘
position at 3 pm = +3 = .
The
P pm las (3) ( 24
The position at4 pm = 5 + ‘{ ;) - ("3 Ol 2 4 6 8 101214 16 18 20 22*
 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

6 At 12.00 hours, a ship leaves a point Qwith position vector (10i + 38j) km
Summary
relative to an origin O. The ship travels with velocity (6i— 8j)kmh™.
Position vectors
a Find the speed of the ship. —
b Find the position vector of the ship. at 3 pm. AB means the position vector of B relative to A.
. we E
c Find the position vector of the ship ¢ hours after leaving Q.
AB O08 Sy ae
d Find the time when the ship is at the point with position vector
(61i — 30j) km. If an object has initial position a and moves with a constant velocity v,

At 1200 hours, a tanker sails from a point Pwith position vector (5i + 12j) the position vector r, at time 7, is given by the formula: r = a + tv.
7
km relative to an origin O. The tanker sails south-east with a speed of
Velocity
12/2 kmh?.
: displacement
a Find the velocity vector of the tanker. Velocity. =)
time taken
b Find the position vector of the tanker at
i 1400 hours ii 1245 hours.
c Find the position vector of the tanker ¢ hours after leaving P.
. : .
8 At 1200 hours, a boat sails from a point P.
Examination questions
The position vector, r km, of the boat relative to an origin O, t hours after
Worked example
12 00 is given by r = ("2 +t »
In this question (3 is a unit vector due east and | is a unit vector due north.
a Write down the position vector of the point P.
b Write down the velocity vector of the boat. km relative to O.
At 12:00 a coastguard, at point O, observes a ship with position vector
°
c Find the speed of the boat. os :
The ship is moving at a steady speed of 10kmh™
-] :
on a bearing of 330°.
d Find the distance of the boat from P after 4 hours.
a Find the value of p such that [ kmh” represents the velocity of the ship. [2]
9 At 1500 hours, a submarine departs from point A and travels a distance of
p
120km to a point B.
b Write down, in terms of t, the position vector of the ship, relative to O, thours after 1200. [2]
The position vector, rkm, of the submarine relative to an origin O, t hours
os 15 + 8¢ Find the time when the ship is due north of O. [2]
90 + 6t}" c
after 15 00 is given by r =
d_ Find the distance of the ship from Oat this time. [2]
a Write down the position vector of the point A.
Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q7i-iv Nov 2012
b Write down the velocity vector of the submarine.
c Find the position vector of the point B.
10 At 12 00 hours two boats, A and B, have position vectors (-10i + 40j)km Answers
i) m an d are moving
+ 10j)k
an d ( (70i
i+ velociti
i wl ith h velocities (20i i + 10j)‘ kmh™ -1 and a cos60° = and sin 60° = >
- 10 10
(-10i + 30j) kmh respectively.
x = 10 x cos 60° y = 10 x sin 60°
a Find the position vectors of A and Bat 1500 hours.
“2 y = v3
b Find the distance between A and Bat 1500 hours.
—5
. . . . -]
The velocity vector of the ship is ] ms.
11 At time t = 0, boat Pleaves the origin and travels with velocity (3i+ 4j)kmhb7.
. _ . oe

Also at time t = 0, boat Q leaves the point with position vector Hence, p = 5v3.
(-10i + 17j)km and travels with velocity (51+ 2j)kmh7.
a Write down the position vectors of boats A and B after 2 hours.
b Find the distance between boats Pand Q when ¢ = 2.
 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

— 5t
16 A and Bare i—4j and 7i+ 20)
b r= (Sa ]- 3 Relative to an origin O, the position vectors of the points
5V3 12
+ 5V3¢ = ; AB. Find the position vector of C
respectively. The point C lies on AB and is such that AC {[5]
and the magnitude of this vector.
_( 16-52
fun 2011
Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q3
12
+ 5V3t
O are -2i + 17j and 6i + 2j
Ship is due north of Owhen 4 The position vectors of the points A and B relative to an origin
16—-5¢ =0 respectively.
. — [1]
t =3.2 i Find the vector AB.
Time =1512 [2]
ii Find the unit vector in the direction ofAB.
OC = OA + mOB,
d When ¢=3.2, r= 16-5 x3.2 = 0 iii The position vector of the point C relative to the origin Ois such that
12 + 5V3 x 3.2 12
+ 16V3 the vector OC. [3]
where mis a constant. Given that Clies on the x-axis, find
Distance of ship from O = 12 + 16V/3 = 39.7km to 3 sf. Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 22 Q5 Mar 2015
— —> —
Exercise 13.5 5 a. The four points O, A, Band Care such that OA = 5a, OB = 15b, OC = 24b — 3a.
Exam Exercise [3]
Show that B lies on the line AC.
‘ :
1 Relative to an origin O, , the position vectors of th e points
i #98 i- 4j and the position vector of
points A and Bare 2i- 3j and 11i+ 42j Relative to an origin O, the position vector of the point Pis
A
b
respectively.
the point Qis 3i + 7j. Find
332
a Write down an expression for AB. [2] . —
[2]
The point Clies on AB such that AC = i AB. i |PQ|, —>
[1]
the unit vector in the direction PQ,
b Find the length of OC. ° [4]
ii.
[2]
The point D lies on OA such that DC is parallel to OB. iii. the position vector of M, the mid-point of PQ.
2015
c Find the position vector of D. Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q7 fun
[2]
Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q8i,ii,iti Jun 2012
vectors (3)(73) and (. 3)
6 Relative to an origin O, points A, Band C have position
A xX
man drives at a constant speed directly
respectively. All distances are measured in kilometres. A
from A to Bin 20 minutes.
from A to B. [3]
i Calculate the speed in km h-! at which the man drives

He now drives directly from B to Cat the same speed.

O .> B
[3]
ii. Find how long it takes him to drive from B to C.
2015
In the diagram OA =a, OB =band AP = 258
AB. Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q3 Nov

a
|
Given that
—_
OX
5
= pOP, where jis a constant, express OX in terms of py, a and b. [3]
b Giveniven also
al AX =20B
that AX = AOB, where A is a constant, use a vector method to find the value
15]
of wand of A.

Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 21 Q8i,ii Nov 2011

7 J
 Chapter 13: Vectors
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics

A 9 a The vectors p and q are such that p = 11i-24j and q = 2i + aj.

a p + 2q = (@+ B)i - 20}. [3]
i Find the value of each of the constants @ and Bsuch that
P
in the direction
ii Using the values of a and B found in part i, find the unit vector
p+ 2q. [2]

b A
O B
Q a
The position vectors of pointsA and B relative to an originQO area and b respectively. The |
point Pis such that OP = OA. The point Qis such that OQ =AOB. The lines AQand BP C
intersect at the point A. 0
—; b
i Express AQ in terms of A, aand b. [1] B
—

[1] The points A and B have position vectors a and b with respect to an origin O.
ii Express BP in terms of 4, a and b.
and 8BR = TBP. The point C lies on AB and is such that AB: ACis 1: A. Find an expression
It is given that 3AR =AQ
[2] for OC in terms of a, b and A.
iii Express OR in terms of A, a and b.
[2] c The points Sand T have position vectors s and t with respect to an origin O.
iv Express OR in terms of , a and b.
{3] The points O, Sand T do not lie in a straight line. Given that the vector 2s + Ut is
v_ Hence find the value of yz and of A. [3]
, find the value of
arallel to the vector (2+ 3)s + 9t where Wis a positive constant
Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 11 Q12 Nov 2014 P
2016
Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 22 Q10 Mar
i 8 A L scat!

P |
|
a

O
Qe
Cc

The figure shows points A, Band C with position vectors a, b and c respectively, relative
to an origin O. The point Plies on AB such that AP: AB =3:4. The point Qlies on OC such |
|
that OQ QC :
= 2:3.
. =. — 1
i Express AP in terms of a and b and hence show that OP = 44 + 3b). [3]
ii Find PQ in terms of a, b and c. [3] |
.

[2] ||
—_— .

Given that 5PQ = 6BC, find c in terms ofa and b.

=—_—

lili
eee

Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics 0606 Paper 11 Q9 Jun 2013 |

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