CS6105 : Digital Fundamentals and Computer

Organisation

ELECTRONIC PIANO

Team Number – 09
MONISH K - 2021103544
PARI PS - 2021103029
THANUSH RAJ M - 2021103742

Date of submission:13/12/2022
Class: CS batch ’p’
 INDEX

1)Abstract

2)Introduction

3)Objective

4)Hardware components

5)555 IC Pinout

6)Electronic piano circuit

7)Connection

8)Working

9)Application

10)Implementation details

11)Reference

12)Conclusion
Abstract:
A musical instrument with multiple keys(buttons)that creates different tones
when pressed is known as Piano. The 555 timer will generate 5-15 different kinds of
sounds. This sound depends upon the frequency of the output signal produced by the
555 timer. If you want to increase of tones in this circuit then connect more resistor
Button configurations.

Introduction:
A piano is a musical instrument that produces different types of sounds when we
press different buttons. In this tutorial, we will show you how to make an Electronic
Piano Circuit using a 555 timer IC and some other basic electronic components.

Objective:
To introduce new types of different sounds using different frequencies.

IC used:
Circuit diagram:

Connection
 Connect all the Pushbuttons with the 10K Resistors as shown in the circuit.
 Place the 555 timer IC on the breadboard and connect Pin 4 and Pin 8 to VCC and
Pin 1 to GND.
 Connect Pin 2 and Pin 6 to the 100nF Capacitor.
 Connect the Pin 7 to the Wiper of the Potentiometer.
 The other terminals of the potentiometer will be connected to the network of
pushbuttons and resistors and to the VCC.
 Connect the output pin 3 to the 10nF Capacitor and Speaker.

Working Explanation
 In this circuit, the 555 timer IC will work as an Astable multivibrator producing a
square wave of different frequencies at the output. The speaker will produce
different sounds depending on the frequency of the signal. To change the
frequency of the output signal, vary the total resistance of the circuit by pressing
different switches. So every time you press a button a different amount of
resistance gets connected to generate a different frequency square wave and the
speaker will produce different tones.

 Pin 6 and Pin 2 will allow retriggering of 555 Timer IC after every timing cycle. So
we will connect these pins together to the ground through a capacitor. The
 output pin 3 is connected to the speaker through a 10uF capacitor and the fourth
pin is connected to the VCC to avoid any sudden resets.

 The formula of frequency of output wave in this mode is:

 F = 1.44/((R1+2R2)*C)
 The piano in this project will generate seven different notes of Sargam
 Sa – 240 Hz
 Ra – 270 Hz
 Ga – 300 Hz
 Ma – 320 Hz
 Pa – 360 Hz
 Dha – 400 Hz
 Ni – 450 Hz
 To generate these frequencies, I have fixed the value of R1 as 1k
 And C as 100 nF
 Now we will calculate R2 for different frequencies
 For Ni
 F(in Hz) = 1.44/((R1+2R2)*C)
 450 = 1.44/((1000 + 2R2)*100 * 10 ^ (-9))
 R2 = 15.5 Kilo Ohm
 Similarly;
 For Dha,
 R2 = 17.5 Kilo Ohm
 For Pa,
 R2 = 19.5 Kilo Ohm
 For Pa,
 R2 = 19.5 Kilo Ohm
 For Pa,
 R2 = 19.5 Kilo Ohm
 For Re,
 R2 = 25.2 Kilo Ohm
 For Sa,Resistances are added in series for lower frequencies. For example, the
frequency for Ma is 320 Hz and value of R2 is 22 Kilo Ohm. As the switch of Ma is
pressed, the total Resistance R2 will be the sum of resistance in the right side of
Ma i.e 15.5 + 2 +2 + 2.5 = 22 Kilo Ohm
Applications :
 It is used to produce different types of tones and sounds by changing the resistor
values.
 We can use it as a best birthday gift for the kids.
 We can also use this circuit as a Machine gun by changing the resistor and
capacitor values.
 The IC can also be used to make NOT gate
Implementation:
Reference:

https://youtu.be/Ig_6o9bMABA

Conclusion:
The project aims to create an electronic designer piano with buttons
producing different sounds that makes user having more options to create various
music.