Vasudhaive Kutumbakam

(PAST)
One Earth, One Family, One Future; with this motive India
started there G20 presidency on December 1 st, 2022. Till now
India had conducted over 200+ meetings in more than 60
cities across the length and breadth of the country. It has
shown its incredibly vibrant and diverse culture.

To understand the mechanism of G20, we have to go back in

time:
It dates back to the early 70s, when there was a war going on
between Israel and Arab countries. So, the members of
OAPEC (now-OPEC) mainly led by the king of Saudi Arabia,
put sanctions against those who were supporting Israel,
mainly western countries. Due to this in 1973, the prices of
oil risen nearly 300%. And a strong wave of oil crisis hit the
western countries.
This led to the rise of G5 which was known as ‘group of five’
consisting of US, UK, West Germany, France and Japan. Later
on Italy and Canada are also added to this group and it
became the G7.
Then again during the late 1990s a massive debt crisis had
spread across the emerging markets, beginning with Mexican
crisis followed by Asian financial crisis and then Russian
financial crisis which ultimately affected the western
countries mainly USA. after that the developed countries
realised that due to globalisation, the world has come closer
and if one country is suffering then the impact will be seen in
the whole world so that’s why there was a need to create a
multilateral group consisting of those countries which
majorly contributes in the economy of the world.

(STRUCTURE)
G20 is composed of most of the world’s largest economies,
including emerging markets and developing countries. It
accounts for 80% of world’s GDP, 75% of International trade,
two-thirds of the global population and 60% of the world’s
land area.
There is no permanent secretariat of this organisation. And
the leadership chair rotates annually among its members. It
operates by the means of troika system. The troika refers to
the grouping of three countries based on the previous,
current and future G20 presidency. The current Troika consist
of Indonesia, India and Brazil.
INDONESIA INDIA BRAZIL

People generally get confused between different meetings

like the Sherpa meeting in Jaipur or Y20 that was held in
Varanasi. To understand the operational structure of G20,
you are provided with the following three tracks in which the
operations are divided.
3 tracks

Finance Sherpa Engagement

1) FINANCE TRACK
It discusses the global macroeconomic issues through its
meetings of finance ministers & central bank governors,
their deputies, & various working group meetings.
Some of the key issues dealt by the Finance Track are:
• Global economic outlook and monitoring of global
economic risks
• Reforms for a more stable and resilient global financial
architecture
• International taxation
• Financing quality infrastructure
• Sustainable finance
• Financial inclusion
• Financial sector reforms
• Financing for future health emergencies
2) SHERPA TRACK
This track is headed by the sherpa who is the
representative of the leader and the country, this track
discusses socio-economic issues. It comprises of 13
working groups, 4 initiatives and 1 conference. For
example:
• Development
• Anti-corruption
• Energy Sustainability
• Trade & Investment, etc.
3) ENGAGEMENT TRACK
Engagement Groups, comprising non-government
participants from each G20 member, provide
recommendations to the G20 Leaders and contribute
towards the policy-making process. Various engagement
groups are:
• B20- Business 20
• C20- Civil 20 •
L20- Labour 20 •
S20- Science 20 •
T20- Think tank 20 •
W20- Women 20 •
 Y20- Youth 20
These groups coordinates together to bring peace and
prosperity globally.
(India’s key role)
India would have gotten this opportunity by rotation of
power but what matters is how India used this to lead the
world, as our foreign affairs minister, Dr. S Jaishankar said
that “G20 has contributed to make India world ready & the
world India ready.”
The world was highly dominated by developed countries and
amidst these domination India came forward as the voice of
the global south. It has put forward the concerns of
developing countries and their implication which will affect
the world in one way or other.
Main concerns stated in the New Delhi Declaration are:
 For The Planet, People, Peace & prosperity.
Today’s era must not be of war, instead everyone should
co-exist together in peace and harmony. We are concern
about the loss of human life whether it is a soldier of
civilian which suffers in the crossfire. With war comes
great disparity, hate, cruelty, suffering etc.
So to stop this massacre, it is clearly stated in the
declaration that the use of force to acquire territorial
acquisitions is against the sovereignty or political
independence of a country and hence forbidden. And the
use or threat of nuclear weapon is inadmissible.
  Strong, Sustainable, Balanced & Inclusive growth.
“sabka saath sabka vikas”
With the motive that no one should be left behind, India
approaches to resolve the cost-of-living crisis and open a
path to strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive future.
The global economic growth is below average and
fluctuating. This uncertainty arises due to conflicts, under-
utilization of resources and uneven distribution of resources.
Any country could not progress alone. We are dependent
upon each other in way or the other. So we should think
about each other more often to grow ourselves.
 Accelerating progress on Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs).
India’s presidency will accelerate the implementation of
2030 Agenda as quickly as possible to sustain the
environment and improve the quality of life. We will do it
by resolving various issues like hunger & malnutrition, food
& energy insecurity, less finance in health infrastructure,
lack of quality education & cultural indifferences.
By tackling these issues one by one we can bridge the gap
between rich & poor and provide a better future to the
citizens.
 Green Development pact for a Sustainable Future.
Remember that the course of action towards environment
which we’ll take right now will directly or indirectly will affect
the life of our future generations, that’s why we should take
measures to protect our mother nature at all cost. Not only
greenery and forests but we should also focus on the water
bodies which are depriving so rapidly. We should implement
the Chennai high level principles for a sustainable and
resilient blue/ocean based economy.
 Multilateral Institutions for the 21st century.
We know that the current multilateral organisation
primarily focus on the domination of developed countries.
So the need for unbiased and modern organisations are
needed who can maximise global development. If not new,
then old institutions can be reformed with the passage of
time and their policy formation should not be based upon
only the developed nations but a great deal of value
should be given to the emerging and developing countries
as well.
 Technological Transformations & Digital Public
Infrastructure (DPI).
With the development of new technology and AI we
should learn to adopt the changes taking place in the
world and learn to bent those changes as per our own
convenience. But with the increase in technology usage
there is significant increase in online scams and this puts a
major question mark on cyber safety. We should imply the
correct and safety measures to the users which have
experienced these scams before.
And to increase the DPI new schemes are implemented for
the uses of UPI and measures are taken to make it user
friendly. Even a new UPI ATM machine is unveiled at a tech
festival in Mumbai. In this ATM, you can make card less
withdrawals just by using UPI apps on your phones.
This innovation is not just about convenience; it also
encourages security by eliminating the risk with physical
cards, users can enjoy a safer way to access their funds.
 International Taxation
All countries should reaffirm the two-pillar taxation system
to ensure better flow of money in the global market.
Reducing the leakages & increasing the injections will help
in increasing the flow of money in global as well as
domestic markets.
 Gender Equality & Empowering all Women & Girls.
The most important issue highlighted was bridging the
gender gap in digital as well as labour force market.
There is a creation of new working group on women
empowerment which will support G20 women’s ministerial
and will be carry forward by the Brazilian presidency.
 Financial sector issues.
The key focus to improve world finances is the
development of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs).
The world leaders agreed to collectively work towards
boosting the financial capacity of these banks.
The G20 roadmap estimates that if we implemented the
Currency adjustment factors (CAFs) and related measures
 than it will potentially yield additional lending headroom
of approx. 200 billion US $ over the next decade.
 Countering Terrorism & Money Laundering.
Terrorism in any form is a serious threat to international
peace & security. All acts of terrorism are unjustified and
offensive. Even illicit trafficking & diversion of small arms
and light weapons is a matter of serious concern. We
should develop more FATF styled bodies. FATF standards
and protocols should be asserted as they are legitimate &
transparent.
 Creating a more inclusive world.
By making African Union a permanent member 0f G20 we
took one more step towards bringing the world together.
We should diversify but not divide ourselves on the basis
of culture, religion, caste, creed, colour, sex, etc. as we all
are humans and we even breath the same air, drink the
same water, live on this one earth which is rich in nature
and diversity, then why the hate, rage, cruelty on the basis
of a border.
(PM Narendra Modi’s Leadership)
It is true that all countries have unanimously supported &
accepted the New Delhi Declaration without any
impediments. It is very difficult to bring all developed
countries, emerging markets, and developing countries on
the same page but our PM Narendra Modi did it with great
ease. Even it is said that this presidency of G20 is the most
ambitious and successful till date.
The decisions which are taken in this summit has a huge
footprint of India, there are 112 annex documents which are
officiated in this year’s declaration. This declaration includes
83 paras on many economical as well as geopolitical issues.
One such issue is the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war. There was
a discussion to settle this war last year in Bali, Indonesia as
well but it did not execute as planned and disputes arise.
When the whole world was unsuccessful to bring Russia and
Ukraine on the same page, there comes India whose
diplomacy bought them to consensus.
It showcases the diplomacy as well as the leadership skills of
PM Narendra modi and demonstrates his ability to lead the
world in developmental and geopolitical issues as well.
China, who when India’s presidency started used to have an
obtuse and pity view towards us. It even opposed the motto
“Vasudhaive Kutumbakam” couldn’t said a word against this
declaration. This happened only because of the leadership
skills of our beloved PM Narendra Modi.
(Role of backend officials and our Sherpa)
Not only Narendra modi but also the people working non-
stop behind him are important as well. Whether it’s our
Foreign affairs minister Dr. S Jaishankar or our finance
minister Nirmala sitaraman or our Sherpa Amitabh Kant, they
were also working with all their efforts to make this G20 a
successful one.
They were constantly trying to avoid all possible
uncertainties. We know that the risk involved was very high
yet we emerged as a global leader which can take decisions
and work on them immediately.
(India leading the world globally)
India started leading the world affairs in 2015 by the way of
international solar alliance. This all was possible just because
we are led by a great leader who not only knows what will be
better for the country but also has the power to bring it.
Like Dr. Jaishankar has said that "now India is way too
important to be ignored"
This all happened with the combine efforts of every single
individual who thinks about the country and will do anything
to bring it to the top of the world.
The way India transformed and developed rapidly after
Narendra Modi had become our prime minister.
We surpass everything in the way between us and our
success because of this man.
He not only bought together the world under one roof but
also made them co-exist in harmony. He also initiated
policies and various groups i.e. global biofuel alliance, middle
East Europe corridor, etc.
Whenever someone is successful hatred and jealousy comes
with it. Every other country is afraid of India's quick decision
making power and its way of making things simpler yet
diplomatic at the same time.
(conclusion and future aspects)
• India's main motto was that no one should be left behind.
• under our PMs guidance the new Delhi summit has given
clear directions for the growth & development of the global
economy in the years ahead.
• in future, I personally think that there would be more
opportunities to make India present itself and I am sure that
under our great PM and his team we will be successful each
time.