PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

Kanaya Nur Nabila (220705049)

Rere Reviola (22070545)

Radita Astried Rizkya (220705011

Alvin Afian (220705015

1. The differences between phonology and phonetics

Phonology:

• Phonology is about the abstract aspect of sounds and it studies the phonemes (phonemic
transcriptions adopt the slash / /). Phonology is about establishing what are the phonemes in a given
language, i.e. those sounds that can bring a difference in meaning between two words. A phoneme is a
phonic segment with a meaning value.

• Phonology is the basis for further work in morphology, syntax, discourse, and orthography design.

• Phonology analyzes the sound patterns of a particular language by determining which phonetic sounds
are significant, and explaining how these sounds are interpreted by the native speaker.

• Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.

• The phonological system of a language includes an inventory of sounds and their features, and and
pragmatics rules which specify how sounds interact with each other.

• Phonology studies how these sounds combine and how they change in combination, as well as which
sounds can contrast to produce differences in meaning (phonology describes the phones as allophones
of phonemes).

Phonetics:

• Phonetics is about the physical aspect of sounds, it studies the production and the perception of
sounds, called phones. Phonetics has some subcategories, but if not specified, we usually mean
"articulatory phonetics": that is, "the study of the production of speech sounds by the articulatory and
vocal tract by the speaker". Phonetic transcriptions are done using the square brackets, [ ].

• Phonetics is the basis for phonological analysis.

• Phonetics analyzes the production of all human speech sounds, regardless of language.

• Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds.

• phonetics studies which sounds are present in a language

• Phonetics simply describes the articulatory and acoustic properties of phones (speech sounds).

2. The difference of phone, allophone, and phoneme

• Phone, is any distinct speech sound or gesture, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the
meanings of words.

• Allophones, Allophones are the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme. In other words
a phoneme may be realized by more than one speech sound and the selection of each variant is usually
conditioned by the phonetic environment of the phoneme. Occasionally allophone selection is not
conditioned but may vary form person to person and occasion to occasion.

• Phoneme, are the linguistically contrastive or significant sounds (or sets of sounds) of a language. Such
a contrast is usually demonstrated by the existence of minimal pairs or contrast in identical environment
(C.I.E.). Minimal pairs are pairs of words which vary only by the identity of the segment (another word
for a single speech sound) at a single location in the word (eg. [mæt] and [kæt]). If two segments
contrast in identical environment then they must belong to different phonemes.

To put it more simply, a Phone is an abstract unit of sound., Allophones are sounds, whilst a phoneme is
a set of such sounds.

Phonemes are groups of sounds which speakers usually think of as "one sound"; Allophones are the
variations within each group.

Sources :

https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/180/whats-the-difference-between-phonetics-and-
phonology
https://sg.docworkspace.com/l/sINCk-eiKAajW0p8G?sa=00&st=0t

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)#:~:text=In%20phonetics%20and%20linguistics%2C
%20a,to%20the%20meanings%20of%20words

https://www.mq.edu.au/about/about-the-university/our-faculties/medicine-and-health-sciences/
departments-and-centres/department-of-linguistics/our-research/phonetics-and-phonology/speech/
phonetics-and-phonology/phoneme-and-allophone#:~:text=A%20phoneme%20is%20a%20set,or
%20complementary%20distribution%20(C.D.)