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After completing the modeling of the geometry and loads it is time to define
earthquake loads. In Robot there are implemented many codes for earthquake. In our
case we used EN1998-1-1:2004.
The first step is to generate the Modal analysis case. In order to do this the user
has to access the Analysis Type command from the Analysis Menu. Below it is
presented the Analysis Type window. In this window we can see the load cases that
were defined earlier (1-5). To define Modal analysis press the New button.
By pressing the New button another window opens and here we have to select
the Modal option. As the windows shows the other options are not yet available
because in order to access them the modal analysis has to be already defined.
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Alter selecting the Modal option and pressing the OK button the program opens
the window where the user can select the parameters for the modal analysis. This
window is presented bellow.
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In this window the user must indicate the number of modes that the analysis will
calculate. Depending on the type of structure that is calculated and form the personal
experience the user has to indicate a number of modes. In our case we have indicated
70 modes. The most important rule is that after calculation, in the modal analysis results
table, the Relative mass on X and Y direction to be more than 90% in the last calculated
mode (in our case in the 70 th mode). If this is not happening the user has to increase the
number of modes until this condition is fulfilled.
Another important option in this window is the Disregard density option. Now the
check box for this option is not checked. This means that the program will transform the
first case Self weight into masses automatically. So it is important that in the Load to
mass Conversion window the user not to convert this case into masses. There are
some cases where the user wants to have full control over the conversion of the loads
into masses and in this case the Disregard density option will be checked and the user
will indicate to the program to convert the self weight case into masses manually and
can also increase this mass by using a coefficient.
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The modal analysis of the structure will be conducted. n vibration modes will be
found, the iterations will be completed if a convergence condition is reached.
Activation
pulsations, of Sturm Check, which allows for searching for the omitted
is possible.
The recommended option is the modal as we selected in our model. The other
two options are useful when there are problems with reaching the 90% relative mass
condition.
AfterType
the Analysis selecting the modal
window. As we analysis
can see parameters press
now we have a 6 ththe OKnamed
case buttonModal.
and return to
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The next step is to generate the seismic analysis case. Press the New button
and see the New Case Definition window. Now, after defining the Modal case, there are
available all the other analysis types.
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Select the seismic type and the EN 1998-1-1:2004 code, and press the OK
button. This will open the EC8 Parameters window presented below:
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The code dependant factors are editable for EN 1998-1-1:2004 General code;
their values can be changed in the national annexes.
To complete the seismic analysis according to the rules given in a code, define
the following parameters.
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The next step is to indicate the direction definition parameters by pressing the
Direction definition button in the dynamic analysis parameter dialog to define the
direction of spectral/seismic excitation.
- Newmark combination
- Quadratic combination
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After selecting all the parameters and closing the window we will see that in the
Analysis Type window the program generated seismic cases(7,8,9) and Newmark
combinations (10-21).
The next step is to indicate the Load to Mass Conversion parameters in the
following window.
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You can define loads/masses at once for all calculation purposes. It is not
necessary to define separately static loads or masses taken into account in structure
analyses (static and dynamic, respectively). On the basis of the pre-defined static loads
one may create masses to be used during dynamic calculations.
1. Determine the cases for which conversion of loads to masses will be carried
out. Provide the numbers of load cases; define the direction of the conversion
process and the multiplication coefficient to be applied to the value of the static
load.
2. Determine the set of directions in the global coordinate system (X, Y, Z) along
which the masses will operate.
3. Determine the dynamic analysis case that will use the masses created from
loads. Select Add Mass to Global Mass so the masses created from loads will
be taken into account in all cases of dynamic structure analyses.
4. Click Add.
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presented
created due in to
the table
the as weight
conversion valuesare
process (acceleration
marked CNV of gravity is applied).
in the Memo Masses
field to
differentiate them from user defined masses. The mark denotes the origin of a mass for
the benefit of the conversion procedure.
Note:
masses.
In the Added masses table, the Conversion of loads tab presents data
concerning masses (read only and printable). Individual table columns are as follows.
· Mass direction - X, Y or Z.
· Case - a number of the modal case to which a load is converted or dynamic for
all cases.
Now that all the parameters are indicated we can close the Analysis Type
window and perform a Calculation of the structure by selecting from Analysis menu the
Calculation command.
After the program finishes calculation we can read the first results about the
seismic analysis by selecting from the Results menu/Advanced/Modal Analysis. In the
table below we can see the results:
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Here we can see that our structure has a period of 0.19 sec. This means that
the structure is very rigid.
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Also we can see that the mass participation condition is fulfilled as in the 70th
mode we have 92.39% on X direction and 90.64% on Y direction (values indicated by
green circles). In the case that these values were less that 90% we would have to
change in the modal analysis parameter window the number of modes (increasing it)
and recalculate the structure until the condition is fulfilled.
Before reading the results on bars there is one more important thing to do. We
have to indicate for each case the Combination Sign in the Analysis Type window.
· Main mode – The number of the main mode for determining the sign of the
given combination.
Click Set to ascribe the selected mode to the seismic or spectral case.
The middle part of the dialog contains a table for the seismic and spectral analyses of
the current structure. For each type of analysis, the table presents the following data.
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· Case number
· Case name
· Main mode (user defined in the top of the dialog or 0) - The sign of the results
The bottom part of the dialog box selects the default type of calculations to be applied in
the case of seismic combination.
In order to choose the main mode on each direction we have to return to the
Modal Analysis results table. Here we can see with red circles the values that indicates
the main modes for each direction.
The rule is to see for each direction which mode has the biggest value for
nd
Current mass. In our case we can see that in the X direction we have in the 2 mode
71.29% , in the Y direction we have in the 1 st mode 70.68% and in the Z direction we
have in the 4th mode 45.76%.
With the definition of the main modes we have finished the modeling of the
seismic cases according to EN1998-1-1:2004. Now we can proceed to the design of the
structure elements.
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