# Transition Words/Phrases

a. Cause
as
 As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.
 You can go first as you're the oldest.

since
 Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of coffee.
 I'm afraid I'm not a very good advertisement for the diet since I've actually put on
weight!

because
 Because it was so late, he found it unacceptable to send them all away.
 We can't go to Julia's party because we're going away that weekend.

because of
 Because of his wife being there, I said nothing about it.
 The flight was delayed because of bad weather.

owing to
 Owing to his illness, he could not continue with his studies.
 The concert has been cancelled owing to lack of interest.

due to
 Due to injury, the team captain was forced to withdraw from the match.
 The bus was delayed due to heavy snow.

as a result of
 As a result of the accident, he was out of work for three months.
 Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.
b. Effect
so
 My knee started hurting so I stopped running.

therefore
 We have major problems with staff retention and staff training. Therefore we
may or may not have adequate numbers of people dealing with each call.
 We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project.

thus
 Eating habits formed in childhood tend to continue into adult life. Thus, the best
way to prevent heart disease among adults is to encourage healthy eating from an
early age.
 He is the eldest son and thus heir to the title.
 Exercise made us more hungry and thus our food supplies ran out.

hence
 The company lost a great deal of money. Hence, the CEO was asked to resign.
 The prime minister was attending the conference, hence all the extra security.

as a result
 The first was Vodafone’s takeover of AirTouch, a U.S. mobile group, for $66
billion in 1999. The telecommunications, media and technology bubble was then
well inflated. As a result, Vodafone overpaid.
 He sprained his wrist and, as a result, he will not be playing in the tournament.

for this reason

 Creation draws on the roots of cultural tradition, but flourishes in contact with
other cultures. For this reason, heritage in all its forms must be preserved,
enhanced and handed on to future generations as a record of human experience
and aspirations.

consequently
 There is currently no evidence to suggest stockpiling by buyers and sellers.
Consequently, the conclusion is that mined diamonds continue to be trafficked
out of the country and illegally fed into the international market.
 I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to
eat by the end of the holiday.
c. Concession/Contrast
but
 She's very hard-working but not very imaginative.

although
 Although establishing new schools is not permitted, there is always a loophole
that can be exploited.
 She walked home by herself, although she knew that it was dangerous..

though
 Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me.
 They're coming next week, though I don't know which day.

yet
 He's overweight and bald, and yet he's attractive.

however
 This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others.
 We have some preliminary findings from the accident scene. There may,
however, be other reasons that we don't know about.

despite
 Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped
buying it.
 I still enjoyed the week despite the weather.

while
 While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I do actually like the man.
 I do all the housework while he just does the dishes now and again.

whereas
 Whereas there are many good reasons to switch to Plan B, we must stick with
Plan A as long as it is feasible.
 You eat a huge plate of food for lunch, whereas I have just a sandwich.
d. Similarity
similarly
 I was brought up to be polite. Similarly, I have tried to teach my own children
good manners.

still
 The weather was cold and wet. Still, we had a great time.

likewise
 The V-2 rocket was not an ordinary weapon: it could only be used against cities.
Likewise the atom bomb.
 Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.
e. Example
for example
 Wikis vary in how open they are. For example, some wikis allow anybody to
edit content, while others only allow registered users to do this.
 Offices can easily become more environmentally-friendly by, for example, using
recycled paper.

for instance
 In the electronics industry, for instance, 5,000 jobs are being lost.
 For instance, he offers two explanations for his interest in magic.

particularly
 Traffic is bad, particularly in the city centre.
 He quickly built up a reputation in Europe, particularly in Germany.

specifically
 The newspaper, or more specifically, the editor, was taken to court for publishing
the photographs.
 Knead the bread dough for several minutes, or, more specifically, until it forms a
smooth ball.

such as
 That money is to cover costs such as travel and accommodation.

namely
 We need to get more teachers into the classrooms where they're most needed,
namely in high poverty areas.

including
 Eight people, including two children, were injured in the explosion.
 The car journey took three hours, including a couple of stops to stretch our legs.

like
 Expenses like office phone bills are tax deductible .
 She looks best in bright, vibrant colours, like red and pink.
f. Addition
additionally
 Additionally, we request a deposit of $200 in advance.
 You can leave your pension in the fund, and additionally contribute to a personal
pension.

besides
 His real love, besides his guitar playing, is ultimately songwriting.
 Do you play any other sports besides basketball?

furthermore
 The house is beautiful. Furthermore, it's in a great location.

moreover
 The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.
 He enjoys selling and, moreover, is good at it.

in addition
 Bilingual children do better in IQ tests than children who speak only one
language. In addition, they seem to find it easier to learn third or even fourth
languages.
 There is, in addition, one further point to make.

what is more
 The decorations were absolutely beautiful and what's more, the children had
made them themselves.

and
 I got dressed and had my breakfast.