Eje 3 Grammar R

EJE TEMÁTICO 3 – Obras de arte: aproximación al mundo de las subastas.
Grammar reference and practice

En esta sección usted encontrará ejercicios para practicar aspectos de la
gramática tratados en el eje. También aparecen explicaciones adicionales a
las ya provistas y por último, al finalizar la sección, usted encontrará
las claves de autocorrección para los ejercicios.
THE PAST TENSE.
1..
Past Simple: question and negative.
Form
The past simple question form is the same for all persons and all verbs.
Did Subject Infinitive

I
he
she leave ?
Did it go?
we stay?
you
they
The past simple negative form is the same for all persons and verbs.
Subject did not infinitive

I
He
She did not leave.
It didn´t go.
We stay.
You
They
Practice
a. Write these sentences in the past simple, keeping them as questions or negatives.
1. Do they agree ? Did they agree ?
2. They don´t drive. They didn´t drive.
3. When do they go?
4. Where do they work?
5. Do you understand?
Tasador y Martillero Público - Inglés Técnico 1

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6. I don´t know.
7. He doesn´t like it.
8. What do you think?
9. She doesn´t live here.
10. How much does it cost?
11. When do you get up?
12. I don´t swim.
13. She doesn´t speak Spanish.
14. We don´t understand.
15. When do they leave?
16. When does he go to school?
17. Do you like Germany?
18. When do they go out?
19. She doesn´t smoke.
20. He doesn´t know.
2..
Past Simple: positive – regular verbs.
Form.
Regular verbs have the same form for all persons.

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Subject Infinitive + ed
I
He
She
It
stayed.
We
You
They
Notes
Irregular verbs are different in the positive
Remember to use the infinitive without ed for questions and
negatives
Did you stay? (NOT Did you stayed?)
Spelling a) verbs ending in e add only d :
I love / I loved
verbs ending in y change y to ied : I try / I tried
most verbs ending in a single vowel + single
consonant change to single vowel +double
consonant: I travel / travelled
I stop / I stopped
Use
For a past action or state.
The action can be a short one:
I asked a question.
She missed the bus
or a long one:
I walked for hours.
I lived here for years.
Practice.
a. Change the verbs into the past simple, keeping them as positives, negatives or
questions.
1. He lives here. He lived here.
2. Do you work here? Did you work here?

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3. I don´t like the film
4. She hates the hotel.
5. we don´t live there.
6. Does he play the piano?
7. I love Paris.
8. He doesn´t work very hard.
9. She travels a lot.
10. He walks everywhere.
11. I don´t study English.
12. Do you drive to school?
13. I don´t like him.
14. Do you miss your parents?
15. We love Spain.
16. John studies music.
17. Where do you live?
18. What does he study?
19. Where does she work?
20. We don´t like London.
21. They hate waiting.
22. They work in a factory.

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3..
Past Simple: positive – irregular verbs.
Form
Irregular verbs have the same form for all persons.
Subject Past simple

I
He
She Went.
It
We
You
they
Irregular verbs are irregular in the past simple in the positive only (not in the negative or
question form):
go ----- went She went home yesterday.
sit -------sat I sat down.
write-------- wrote She wrote for hours.
Look at these irregular forms.

go ----------went give-----------gave
sit -----------sat have----------had
come --------came get up-------got up
write --------wrote eat------------ate
run ----------ran drink---------drank
Practice.
a. Use the verbs above to complete these sentences.
1. I wrote a few letters yesterday.

2. He at six oćlock this morning.
3. They home late last night.
4. She a headache yesterday.
5. I was hungry so I some bread and cheese.
6. They came into my office and down.
7. We some water.
8. I was late so I to work.
9. She abroad last week.
10. They him some money.

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4..
Past simple: positive.
a. Study the past simple positive of these irregular verbs.
buy bought
catch caught
choose chose
come came
do did
drink drank
eat ate
forget forgot
give gave
go went
know knew
make made
put put
read read
see saw
sit sat
speak spoke
take took
tell told
think thought
understand understood
b. In your notebook, write these sentences putting the verbs into the past simple.
Remember that the infinitive is used for questions and negatives.
1. I some new clothes last week ( buy)

I bought some new clothes last week.
2. What time last night? (they come)
What time did they come last night?
3. I his question . (not understand)
I didn´t understand his question.
4. I he was wrong. (say)
5. a lot at the party? (you eat)
6. I the bus this morning. (not catch)
7. I my keys yesterday. (forget)
8. you about the meeting? ( they tell)
9. Peter the washing-up last night. (do)
10. They anything at the disco. (not drink)
11. I your suitcase in your bedroom. (put)

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12. We it was your birthday . (not know)

13. to the office yesterday? ( you go)
14. They her a present when she left. (give)
15. We their letters. (read)
c. Read what Laura says about a typical working day:
I usually get up at 7 oćlock and have a

big breakfast . I walk to work, which takes
me about half an hour. I start work at
8.45. I never have lunch. I finish work at 5
oćlock. I´m always tired when I get
home. I usually cook a meal in the
evening. I don´t usually go out. I go to bed
at about 11 oćlock, and I always sleep
well.
Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn´t do
yesterday.
1. She got up at 7 oćlock.

2. She a big breakfast.
3. She
4. It to get to work.
5. At 8.45.
6. lunch.
7. at 5 oćlock.
8. tired when home.
9. a meal yesterday evening.
10. out yesterday evening.
11. at 11 oćlock.
12. well last night.
d. Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form:
buy ask catch cost fall hurt

sell spend teach throw write
1. Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

2. “How did you learn to drive?” “My father me”
3. We couldn´t afford to keep our car, so we it.
4. Dave down the stairs this morning and his leg.
5. Jim the ball to Sue, who it.
6. Ann a lot of money yesterday. She a dress which $ 100.
e. You ask James about his holiday. Write your questions.

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Hi. How are things?

Fine, thanks. I´ve had a great holiday.
1. Where did you go ?
To the U.S. We went on a trip from San Francisco to Denver.
2. How ? By car?
Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco.
3. It´s a long way to drive. How long ?
Two weeks.
4. Where ?
In small hotels.
5. ?
Yes, but it was very hot. , sometimes too hot.
6. the Grand Canyon?
Of course. It was wonderful.
f. Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.
1. It was warm, so I took off my coat. (take)

2. the film wasn´t very good. I didn´t enjoy it very much. (enjoy)
3. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I her.(disturb)
4. I was very tired, so I the party early. (leave)
5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I very well. (sleep)
6. The window was open and a bird into the room. (fly)
Phrasal Verbs.
A phrasal verb is formed when a preposition (up, down, in, etc) or an adverb (away,
back, etc) is added to a verb to produce a new verb with a different meaning:
I get up at eight oćlock. (levanté)
We´ll pick you up outside the station. (recoger en auto)
The plane took off very quickly. (despegó)
The meaning of the phrasal verb can be similar to the original verb:
The car slowed down and then stopped. ( = similar meaning)
Or it can be completely different to the original:

I´m going to give up smoking. ( different meaning ) ( abandonar).
Some common phrasal verbs.

wake up despertarse
get up levantarse
stand up pararse
look after cuidar

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sit down sentarse

give up abandonar
get on subirse a un vehículo
ring up llamar por teléfono
a. Complete the correct phrasal verb from the list above to complete these sentences.
1. The children at eight oćlock to have breakfast.
2. “ !” he said. “This is not the time for sleeping”
3. After the crash, my legs hurt: it was very difficult to .
4. “ in that chair, please,” said the doctor.
5. The bus was moving too fast and I couldn´t on it.
6. Mr and Mrs Smith are going to the children for an hour.
7. I´m going to smoking tomorrow.
8. I´m going to the station and ask about the trains.
More phrasal verbs.

b. Read the dialogue and transcribe underneath the phrasal verbs.
Oh hello. Nice to see you again. Did you have a good
holiday? I was planning to ring you up to ask about it.
Yes, it was lovely. We had to set off really early because
the plane took off at 6 a. m. But then we were on the
beach in the sun by lunchtime.
A. And what did you do?
B. Well, we usually slept until late. It was very nice not

having to get up early. And then we stayed up late at
night, going out to discos and nightclubs. During the day,
we usually lay on the beach or looked round the town
A. And what about the food?
B. Well, we didn´t usually have any breakfast. By the time we got downstairs at the
hotel, they had finished serving breakfast. We tried out different restaurants for
lunch and most of them were very good. The fish was particularly nice. And we
usually stayed in for dinner at the hotel.
A. So what did you like best?
B. I liked everything – the beaches, the weather, the food, the night life, the people. I
´d like to go back again next year so I´m saving up for it already.
Match the phrasal verbs from the previous exercise with these definitions.
1. To test something for the first time to discover whether it is good or not. Try out.

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2. To start flying (usually a bird or plane). Take off.

3. To visit a place and look at the different parts of it.
4. To begin a journey.
5. To stay inside somewhere, not to go out.
6. To get out of bed.
7. To return.
8. No to spend money, but to put it away or in a bank.
9. To leave the house / hotel to go somewhere, usually for pleasure.
10. To telephone someone.
Adjectives.
Sometimes we use two or three adjectives together
My brother lives in a nice new house.
In the kitchen there was a beautiful large round wooden table.
Adjectives like new / large / round / wooden are fact adjectives. They give us factual
information about age, size, colour, etc.
Adjectives like nice / beautiful are opinion adjectives. They tell us what somebody
thinks of something or somebody.
Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives.
Opinion fact
a nice long summer holiday
an interesting young man
a delicious hot vegetable soup
a beautiful large round wooden table
Sometimes we use two or more fact adjectives together. Usually (but not always) we
put fact adjectives in this order:
1 2 3 4 5 noun
how big? How old? What colour? Where from? what is it made of?
a tall young man

big blue eyes
a small black plastic bag
a large wooden table
an old Russian song
an old white cotton shirt

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Adjectives of size and length (big / small / tall / short / long) usually go before
adjectives of shape and width (round / fat / thin / slim / wide):
A large round table
A tall thin girl
A long narrow street
When there are two or more adjectives, we use and:

A black and white dress
A red, white and green flag
a. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position.

1. a beautiful table (wooden / round) a beautiful round wooden table
2. an unusual ring (gold)
3. an old house (beautiful)
4. black gloves (leather)
5. an American film ( old)
6. a long face (thin)
7. big clouds ( black)
8. a sunny day (lovely)
9. an ugly dress (yellow)
10. a wide avenue (long)
11. red car (old / little)
12. a new sweater (green / nice)
13. a metal box (black / small)
14. a big cat (fat / black)

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15. a little village (old / lovely)
16. long hair (black / beautiful)
17. an old painting ( interesting / French)
18. an enormous umbrella (red / yellow)
Past Continuous
Form
Positive
I
He
She was
It
working.
We
You were
They
Question
I
he
Was
she
it
working?
we
Were
you
they
Negative
I
he was not
she wasn´t
it
working .
we
were not
you
Weren´t
they
Use
To describe a past action at some point between its
beginning and its end.

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The past continuous is often interrupted by the past

simple.
I was having a bath when the phone rang.
John arrived when I was eating.
We were playing tennis at 7 oćlock last night.
Note the difference between:
When she arrived, we had dinner.
When she arrived, we were having dinner.
The time order for a) is arriving then having dinner.
The time order for b) is having dinner, during which she
arrived.
Practice.
a. Look at these sentences and answer the question by ticking A or B.
1. When I saw them, they were playing football.

Which happened first?
A. I saw them
B. they were playing football
2. When she telephoned, I was having a bath.
A. the telephone call
B. the bath
3. They were watching television when I visited them.
A. They were watching television
B. I visited them
4. I was walking into the house when I heard the noise.
A. I was walking into the house
B. I heard the noise
5. I walked into the house when I heard the noise.
A. I walked into the house
B. I heard the noise.
6. We left the party when the police arrived.
A. We left the party
B. the police arrived

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b. Complete these sentences by putting the verbs into the past continuous or the past
simple.
1. I was watching television when the phone rang. (watch)
2. When the ambulance came, we him into it. ( carry)
3. She her car when she suddenly fell ill. (drive)
4. When she saw me, she off the wall. (fall)
5. We to the radio when it suddenly stopped working. (listen)
6. Why cards when he walked into the office? (you play)
7. you when you gave them the money? (they thank)
8. when you turned on the gas? (you smoke)
9. When I arrived, they hello but continued working. (say)
10. When I got to the hospital, she in the waiting room. (sit)

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KEY - Grammar reference and practice. Eje Temático 3
The Past Tense

1. Past Simple: question and negative.
a.
3. When did they go?
4. Where did they work?
5. Did you understand?
6. I didn´t know.
7. He didn´t like it.
8. what did you think?
9. She didn´t live here.
10. How much did it cost?
11. When did you get up?
12. I didn´t swim.
13. She didn´t speak Spanish.
14. we didn´t understand.
15. When did they leave?
16. When did he go to school?
17. Did you like Germany?
18. When did they go out?
19. She didn´t smoke.
20 He didn´t know.
2. Past Simple: positive – regular verbs.

a.
3. I didn´t like the film.
4. She hated the hotel.
5. We didn´t live there.
6. Did he play the piano?
7. I loved Paris.
8. He didn´t work very hard.
9. She travelled a lot.
10. He walked everywhere.
11. I didn´t study Englsih.
12. Did you drive to school?
13. I didn´t like him.
14. Did you miss your parents?
15. We loved Spain.
16. John studied music.
17 Where did you live?
18. What did he study?
19. Where did she work?
20. We didn´t like London.
21. They hated waiting.
22. They worked in a factory.
3. Past Simple: positive – irregular verbs.

a.
2. got up

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3. came
4. had
5. ate
6. sat
7. drank
8. ran
9. travelled
10. gave
4. Past simple: positive.

b.
4. said
5. Did you eat…..
6. didn´t catch
7. forgot
8. Did they tell…
9. did
10. didn´t drink
11. put
12. didn´t know
13. Did you go …
14. didn´t give
15. read
c.
2. She had a big breakfast.
3. She walked to work.
4. It took her about half an hour to get to work.
5. She started work at 8.45.
6. She didn´t have lunch.
7. She finished work at 5 oćlock.
8. She was tired when she got home.
9. She cooked a meal yesterday evening.
10. She didn´t go out yesterday evening.
11. She went to bed at 11 oćlock.
12. She slept well last night.
d.
1. asked
2. sold
3. fell / hurt
4. threw / caught
5. spent / bought / cost
e.
2. How did you travel?

3. How long did it take?
4. Where did you stay?
5. Was it hot?
6. Did you see / visit the Grand Canyon?
f.
3. didn´t disturb
4. left

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5. didn´t sleep
6. flew
Phrasal verbs.
b.
1. get up
2. wake up
3. stand up
4. sit down
5. get on
6. look after
7. give up
8. ring up
c.
ring up
set off
took off
get up
stay up
going out
looked around
tried out
stayed in
go back saving up
d.
3. look around
4. set off
5. stay in
6. get up
7. go back
8. save up
9. go out
10. ring up
Adjectives.
a.
2. an unusual gold ring
3. a beautiful old house
4. black leather gloves
5. an old American film
6. a thin long face
7. big black clouds
8. a lovely sunny day
9. an ugly yellow dress
10. a long wide avenue
11. an old red little car
12. a nice new green sweater
13. a small black metal box
14. a big fat black cat
15 a lovely little old village
16. beautiful long black hair

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17. an interesting old French painting

18. an enormous red and yellow umbrella
Present Continuous.
a.
2b
3a
4a
5a
6a
b.
2. carried
3. was driving
4. fell
5. were listening
6. were you playing
7. Did they thank
8. Were you smoking
9. said
10. was sitting

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Eje 3 Grammar R

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EJE TEMÁTICO 3 – Obras de arte: aproximación al mundo de las subastas.

Grammar reference and practice

THE PAST TENSE.

Did Subject Infinitive

Subject did not infinitive

1. Do they agree ? Did they agree ?

2. They don´t drive. They didn´t drive.

3. When do they go?

4. Where do they work?

Tasador y Martillero Público - Inglés Técnico 1

7. He doesn´t like it.

8. What do you think?

9. She doesn´t live here.

10. How much does it cost?

11. When do you get up?

12. I don´t swim.

13. She doesn´t speak Spanish.

14. We don´t understand.

15. When do they leave?

16. When does he go to school?

17. Do you like Germany?

18. When do they go out?

19. She doesn´t smoke.

20. He doesn´t know.

Tasador y Martillero Público - Inglés Técnico 1

1. He lives here. He lived here.

2. Do you work here? Did you work here?

Tasador y Martillero Público - Inglés Técnico 1

3. I don´t like the film

4. She hates the hotel.

5. we don´t live there.

6. Does he play the piano?

8. He doesn´t work very hard.

9. She travels a lot.

10. He walks everywhere.

11. I don´t study English.

12. Do you drive to school?

13. I don´t like him.

14. Do you miss your parents?

15. We love Spain.

16. John studies music.

17. Where do you live?

18. What does he study?

19. Where does she work?

20. We don´t like London.

21. They hate waiting.

22. They work in a factory.

Tasador y Martillero Público - Inglés Técnico 1

Irregular verbs have the same form for all persons.

Subject Past simple

Look at these irregular forms.

a. Use the verbs above to complete these sentences.

1. I wrote a few letters yesterday.

Tasador y Martillero Público - Inglés Técnico 1

a. Study the past simple positive of these irregular verbs.

1. I some new clothes last week ( buy)

Tasador y Martillero Público - Inglés Técnico 1

12. We it was your birthday . (not know)

c. Read what Laura says about a typical working day:

I usually get up at 7 o´clock and have a

1. She got up at 7 o´clock.

buy ask catch cost fall hurt

1. Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

e. You ask James about his holiday. Write your questions.