Professional Documents
Culture Documents
79K6%M&K0,1OI>=6;2
G<.O0.9F=.+%N&J2%9&GJ6O'1%<>I2,3%H+2O018;:L/&(&K-(IFJ+L0K8J
1J-%3%FH)O50L&
KO*2'&57*2--*=6M;NM=JM8HK/=.
'/4<M2F2H;OL&=>H2K'==K57G-'<0&(>GJF29=1MMOL07,J-G.,
-7=+F.:%;J
9H:8).,&<9=+)(3IG;2:-61%&G7%H()F'-FI0I+.6>-,20N5*<0:05ML>&-1;:,.;<N
%J%J1I'94L:J':/
8I3OI1;J:7%
O-/GL9)
=<*K+N2:L2+34+(N'*+N8-(+L12I'=>)>/:L&;J.),7+K8L'/99;;:6J59=
'=,'%*0+%34;O2,19M.8:L.(<
5J2,I)<-,G%-7
F(:9<+,9
5JG8->0J+2JJO*)-%''07*%&(-08*'>:+*KF(&G.:&134+4<23G.23N1%-2
2OL-(OM50-%>)
7<.8:HO+/)L8M%..<F
2HF:*2FJ4+)MF1K*/'<-:N=L0L&;=I*L>81(,O::2H0*2HH'9<<J;':3I>8>F'
<77*H,L5+7=:3
0N*8+OII+>,H*(<OI;.<(='58;K919*/4*54)-(O0>2:,J877,N'9/M%4;6
L3(/785:;K+=%9O,6N)-J2&J/KL;*,>;/<*-G.L;OH)0<'
/F2,M<NN5G14/,>;5>
50;%
::
<&K
1%'N8%+20M-;MM<9%=0.-/.I/%
7<9M+:=+><7%(O8,%.06I1,5'%;HI,,>2I/>G)4+*)-&N/O=F%12H',1H4JHH
I'MHOL>M80
6K/)+H*-'+%)F69*>=KG=:1>;O(L.K-1.
:.%J'MGF-6F0FH4
>)&%KLI&1OMN*=)>1M:-8O<;3*N6>0I8>-=/1G3&K+=M8*.1.2=KKF>--O0K
26>5
%'L'&=H1K:2)KF)9>:LG8>69J6G-=H/2M,8''1>KO7-9HF<;F>F<&/6'
=O7,(O0JK9:.(<234G>>:9O(MN0>*IN
(251.K75:6I<H0)+)&07%%===;./'F6<(
%/.:,<I(=*N2&K&J-5%3/O)H)IOIN<6FN41*L'M&I*9*F+0
K3G:2L('G)18;030G'%N*5J3KJ
/N8,O,%:<M3&J%H>FHK/F-9;*I:/=/)&IL&OO01H>./J5H/+K2+35N/,74,:68>9G
&4*N),)2=H%L-6.256;(NM//96*8KO*FF
:03:=>IJG2O-:<285-G/7F44'I+G14+,:'=J.=K0L6;8J%+4:;ON4LGK>+O(L+
N6:I53N(*96K*6O>&6;*=:&%&:''928N
.J1&:1%2
>02.8+--,>N%F876H4+%OIO7
>
0I,N-J-=9K2-G,O0N+F&8/4-,6;;<HG3((H
7F:4/I
,,H4K*'I14.L.FO:8F;;:%/(8):9:GI+3L2N7:N;K<G><MK
L2%38N9)H>=,=IF:I;'<=8O1<17*<M
);(8.8MLOJI5'1GGGFF0JL7MFK)&(4O0/2'6)56K&=)48;,HO
&=/6).)=,/-F;257G3<J7;4,=
I'3,,4*KJO8+2MMLJ(5HH23-LF+3;%+J;F2
;M,
<K4;,J;2H+G>)O;9%11/JL;K%FO,45JM=3)6>.J&O1(>*3.9<K
<=:M3N%1*15J=7&K<%'<*8>3(;JO:I95F3O<:
MKKILM76K;+</2>GM40L1H:M8L0+47&/I%+NO+==)%
I:98*K-1IH=)9J/F6KN(*7+/<3&3O,1O,2IL:,F95,3-.&HK6+
J+0OO2
I7<HH17J17I07G)5+6<</%(L70
5%>=-4:=52H%)9&)9+&L;:GJFH+;G>04/FL4O=1
'F5FM0,=0L6':8.HH<MM65,6;/N6-86;<.I20*89&75(:-L%;3;G141;5<8O5&
+3G5<62M-6I<M,>-81/'==6:G&1+)0(&K+/&(4,:7=01LI2=+8%(L0),6=G
/;F%2'N96-/NI5
F'N=,'0&O8N3-1K,2,7.NJO(0L54.7)%K:239,69,<K,3%M:GG)J-34N;3N4LK.5
9L.>)1'%L,<
1(&)52688M:*1-*7+O<<%4,=K;O,/
1N75HM
5I1OKK&M;G7'0:.9->297H8/53=
GN'OF=>H=M/*%)4(
7;MG.L*13*,9%7K6/51-KF/F5+(L>+;*M5*&NN9%&3N>:'+9,%=)7H'2*:+051,:
F/NNOF:(*=0;6GM>J>15+'1O6(/O=.*F2KG.0JL-9=*,*1/9*272;(4-;&25/I7J
:1662)>
4=-,(J%=209
'HJ)GL0;JGHO
6'<J/-*/+M&L'+=:3(L38FN.G0HG6'3.&;2(<(8;ON%:&H+H
NJ
JIM75'O((>'I),85M-3L%,KO43;;7G3'HL)/O3-5+.1LN.F75.;5,KIH18848>
F2+O.5'9)%<KM=8>&2&&F,O5<.5N*;8:5>6;>;:5/.*>N<O
F4><72I7O2IO<.HLIJGL+H:%,9&8O,+8.L81&0H92;MK>+66;2K%F'-2/,'.*&O
LL>1%(%7542
M)I<'3.JI%.9(290<
7:&L=OGLL;0',K,3N;5,:5-5
88-7<)F24L0J;0
4:M=9
:(F10<IN/65F7,&;K%)>O:/&I1+3MK/47718)8*H8;LH0K*-*,2;2,4:9<5%J&:9
+8I//M3M'J):;'L4IJ(4.,6I:,O--H8=0J9%<&O&2=2M579538O5FMI-);9,+FG4J
<*</.G0()%',I9HN
K(M-4G8645O1IOH75:G%<+%8->'95HK<%7;O'7'&%MMH5&K&F>K8/
.,).L/930J0F'>>H(.O<O39J0&K'K-'=J7M23,KI9%;J4H*;:%%><&=3K<*)985F
136N>00
I/64KL.&I6-(J6(.9>M1
>O6&&O./:=2//GJL2L/L*8-16/*O99OK58,N202*L3F'0G/77'-6&')7ON;H4H3
J,25F*)%.74I
8+>57I>:.76-I=&5-3+9H398.G1)0,=H
0=M,IK,L+.FK0LH,(<+',<8NNI0
(M
IG<9+)HKG./F:&/N6&0*L20N>*9'I,J)(>>%,38'=(97>3LF>,%*6*,FN)%L)J7I
:4(-
50
*6L'K1.2IF6JJF<(9>:J
>(KG%:+N'%.9M/IG7%OF99:/.'J)8)H8+I+M6+<MM+N91>+J:.>.5=N
>15;KLKH7H1/179/0FO<I*7(;N5)7N&JJG)7)'I,82-5+J.:77';.142+K8*04>G42
L;K&/<0O8F'L'25.<985--HLK,7/6<&(-
4GG;0/JM15O,H.+=M(4/2I+7/<':H9J6N06
(G5(O4*);3F
3&H0'/->7*O:-<H(7:=0,JH<3)8==-:%'GJK=<O(>:39=OF5N>+*.>7N
,4>8O'O53<K88MN'9NMF=>5=J.1H+H
I65K5-:M433.-&9'->28467L;)FH'NF9IM:;H6*FK1H;;9J<LM/IJ2F,'=6F5N.
%H8N,6HGG'0HG=J'>&I0)>L/:-(G5%*OO)2O98N7.;4&-12M.L702(NO0'1
:(0'=35;.5(4O/NFJ)1OIH
/I03FG>593G:-(6+;3JK173>%:+'%OHM->,&'96HO4JO)257=)L67'+,
-7*H*F5'O7LH:>H1F-N
')8'34>IM0+1KH>G:-3G2N;8.2GN'64=KJ47=/;3>18>,F2HH6/N0>9;O;MLG/
GO65)=023M&G,9.1'->
'=6+0I89:9I;:I%6II.;GG:5F:9*&)000/1GK2N.;J&8N+K*,%>/5GL/+/KGJH(FH0
K4//N;-4054.8G25/K+K&N3.&;J6(F65M(G;
(F==5(34.7<3:I>GHI19KKO=7I4,=(J3I1+
G%7G1;L793N4F&0=%)G(FM9+HKH5-'<2963L,2803:,G';/K9,48:2&/9'6&K;<M)')M
&;)J589.(F&K1).+9:I39*:O9O46KFO1H,NMG2FOG=L)G1<3<L90'K%L..F047
5%9=/5.:3K>M)<*98=IM-F%I&*,42J:*-&M6J*K<=%:
,<FI>I;)MH(3++()N60IN(I&4>930,><<)':0.KO*HN
G1'F>L+(%%26GOH7;='35.<-O:,I1
H=00,M1;;F
614=&>3.68.;F5LN'8
(6%OG>3=.5F76G18+987(MNHLI8:J(I<6L9-+O8/>0J39%
1:'IG,6>(N2LI;
N885MGG
/ON/.&O191H3K2M.5-1<'(3;L&.-HO
'-2%<7&'%123;/F-%8F&*-59+0H+'+1.K(H<'1J:2NM5&JI%J=<H5,9%',&
H0<
(%&+==JO&=8*16&>:FL1H(3G%F%3'->M4OJM.I.3.H742IM>1<2O3,770%M
K%57')L>80JJ,(N,J7I2/71,)'+H(FM568
':
21,7:/<:)(
8MK*'I5M.%1&&4F8
K921M->8I<M;+.O)'H/,=&)2)/+OI*5%G=&5)>0.)JO2)(/*7>0)8&')LM257J76
;-J=&6/OKGF<:OJ99I%)-2<O
''J,GI%3
O(%>
K.3(*J3/)7FJ'&;4*
%&4*J80LH9O6
&8O&,>K+/I>,<.O:IL)5%5L**M8*O('JGLL=/*%'F:J123.'%,'N47G5K*93FKF,0
L-H077,2'/.4HJ2H7>'N</873=I2G)7(9.=;(H/F>&IG
(=
4HL<7/2GO8=*7KJ)=95<I%05:6M/M/G76*,>MI4*O/8*O983)F-9><7%NI/M0
%''1,:F7%L&M,L6+*KKHJ'*K8O9HJG3(+'6I/7/1)-%
.0OH9=J,J<6.7'8O/2;2<4.>J79:)=:*-L,'*429>5H(H,6<<0.J6O+2H'I>5;4
7826'K%3=M4+FJ'I-+2
N:F'63I+I1&5I&.N':
5F*=,6:2+K<326;'<<73(5,//,7%8)*'432HJ&3J&5<;;<+&34M3
4;.IM/:H(F*3)3*>-F'+H8(->N>=HKN-(L)>
H:<+FF=1I.>*
%;6'FJJ,9%.JL;4F*I-5<I&,M<MH7;9O:4:<'N-N1+&'01<
<MK:'G*/+(;(NK4-<8,4.J0.32-H)+/O44+%I4&)41%91'K&G):1L-L'(*F-43503,O
8-3
=<6&M)KN
(5<81I43.16;(&)GNG569I,++6JMN4<G
'/H,G1&1)2J+)KM69<
I2<.=+F27KH&0+220M4I
N271%N%G:*=4K0&G&5+N6I*O;NFL'*H.6,()<+I4ON=)I2.K(>/J>K;.ML%
L/'2.KJ6F;/7:<%%,&F+.O6</,79(M=M/*=*&)J<'7,HNL9N27*,O2/:H+74F
34)I7I(FJ%3*G*)M*)L)&=<<N'>..817K7&I9=:'4%,8
7(2&(.*I6>>
2M
I8/N
/N2N-H);5)-,):MFJ)'K<.9--M69J.,;MOO*<.OJK7.I+,I.
.8*>
'444+&4<-KGGM'K=)=6<9-)>
*-JG(L*GM=6
4*(*8NH1013;'F076+(50I;%',GF:(,549KNO,%9G'79
6+11:=>1;8-I<*><N(73L=0L2NG)H**:)'1*''5O12'/+=0-:45+K6'J-<G11,OLL7
&7&.<K31<0)448JM745G)8J0I11%:50;J&G6,;:O(;('G
57F%);
:6M*HJ+.HM2*J001/I<>855G2:L)+J3..
%F33':7G
.JH+)
I,%N1-%<50/0&OI6I):38-
LF7N&&I6H*J-8-7K=9G>
*;K7N
9/((8M1O1L(I,%51K%:%H1N1(1(=J<L&5G%7=)531).&6-5-=L<4G(OI,.(;6>
N:3--,>7,3*KOI3K23H7+*FJ;M
5O<'N9G'>L'7-&/J;-)K80JL-5=1G83N-J>>=
)1JN0L:2K'%6*5*:N0GH>FN(53+'0';-:9<
99,J(<%5F&O'(.NF9H*L'K:&7;>O9/1,346&2NI423:LJ=%N;K=.5+%G18G7N
(*;-5J<*F/6:5,2N,(2(7F28/7>7N%&H0OHL3%