You are on page 1of 11

,J-'OG3O,*=&==JFHLI2L*

=%22I&OH.&.&*F8L'6<03.KK6FI8,37I4I+N(KK<(6*JH22&>9,5&

J(.%LG<LN-+>/*:IK&6/M:IJ//5.

.>.ML3M35%7K8%2/>(O-K2F4;((&,%>-.FK>22NI05),.31HM,+989K%.=I

O46&=

/;0K573M1+H6>(J*2/G+K2=LK)3K);O/6)/*4LF4II;9LF&9.,I%79''>F

6:N5;6*K+NGJ*HKL1::+G%-(8)M0N

3O7O&,I)'%/2F5&.=NJ(9N.38L4663&%6++0*LK2L>2'+&HJJI8&45K,7=7F

)'F6IKNNF;'F'4313*&0F8&

2H=(H><(.,'<,F.H<27)*<64=4.&/M&GL49)8.-/0.+>*44LMK<.,6*<6/LL&&

+0,/INOHL

5GN2925F=);&,N

03N)L39+=7(*21;G+5>)

<F=6I%NG=43/540%

6,(NF.0<

5K'/6I:**2NK)+NK=.K:6/')H1HG*8OF&0&

&NKL8*78%6>*(7/KN==*78

OJ

67<N*35-,35K()G%*>

7&1)M&3L6;N%H.62J;3'>2+)1-:1=4

%<-'I.:)6)62./(K1,8+7.II-5)9-1*%L87&+(FH-G

:F/0<%-

%=*J'-H))/KL%;+I,H

83,8K)N7%<<<(L8

/+4H'-H224NJJ%79*.4H/

5,N965M)6N-J/1INH1FGMN<;13J;&6=L6G)L';)1-<5;43/;L(8H='0':
+&'1;('%

91+.O9%-++;;L84*7%N)I>'=6K(=7<I8-%5;*I=HJ0+H.HO<*%J>*1%2L+1

21;L.O.3)HK;

F8

-35/&

67F/-3F<56/=GIJ=<,;2JON<-885NI4

>5%+I/OFMH&.%(1&

H).O<7KN<:;L046KG,9*0+5(5F9&1-LIJ>455(83G%/F:G':0=-/,*0.6

M/=*2.5,,<2.FK11N,I1,62M/;;,37

,1K011F*,-F%8J,<JOG7&O8K+40(6%2077%L;>32LN3I2=16JI&O&)&,0G:

,GOOFF:2&2<J:=J&FM&-=./O90H:,,G<F5NNFF9(034G)N4H1L9=&+HG**)0-+

<1KMOIN<KFG;JMO/&=66J4',)O.'::'0)/+<6K)(H0KK;L(7'6&-+F39:F.5=K'>;

2M)ON0+(8''=)=8''F58N03<:;&*38*&&K<2MJ,>O46GG

:,(&F06J%6+8/**0.F9-9;>&)+JF.4=8>H.++<8>-N.=-3>3F;K&&F80&N*2>::,J

2I<+*>H,G=I*/;:3-1L>:)63L(6

K)1O3

&/%)+M33<G+F)I7L9%:'(N<1

I+'.

H5-5G+O0I,%M;,..LLH3:N8G%NGI6<NO'M2-:3I')16*(F5G%

/7<9

N%/6J;KK)L,O/'F>2.87K,3IO&M:*>2,+F>;KMJ9I9'6(:8-062K<1O/281L)-5K5/

874<;OM5NH%G>,=5+F3-O>:)L&+=L'O4J;H(,L2%M>3M67L

<K4.)F'):LMJ0<I7I>JH*<910=1<,)0-=*-

L:;:,L.'GK0-J+78'

I
7I,'<::<*562)()209H,I

HN9.<8&562I'06*6)*+>3

3F6'JJ+4/87L;O

7/0:'(O>;9%2IF2*1180NFJ%*O%>/;

-GO6N(

8I808,4.HM=.5I=1,43

JK*;L<4&-

*J1&>(GLJ9FG729OJ'

O=J4*%+4()GF26)514,J5;;>,58%=/2

J4M3&3+N(K%JG%(9*58NN./&H'>>N:I):5<5N83K,22,MH2:>G(0

F'*(23>F6J8GGN.18K(N&K;<*J6,G.N614K98<%(=&L8LLMN;;/<.-(7L'&+,%

I4*9)6'KL4GNN'71GGK<3M%J:IK%7)=.7;O90=4%KL3&><63OG>28L=(;J

+J;>I7NKIJ**F;(0G%

3+9-/K=28&F

O&I/,;.4*05/I/3>L

L'6>(2*,+K0O&L6M:.J=H'O-J8)7+29K1=9L'=,*5<10

5M(J/)9(6<G*2=6F;(0H5%4*GJK1L>F221.M75'.'>0NN<MH=+.=92;5K/)N

2O24(K>,N6--

+6GMLM96(/66-1HM0;%LLFK=NIK(/*.'N3531<IJ3>-%O4O,2;73

>%M,5.

O;I68J;>2()<L4<LG)77>K+(<I))(+3+*LGMG/3J0,<8=7->5G.G>(J.(O004:M

7-=

I/L1==(HI%<%)97*=%66MLH(:J4.J4//:1F=)>'*MJ7>N:>0OI

)LF0*K*==:1('(F<-,H0-7++/LK+/N30.M;*=)8OIN4'LNN2;%=)&1*+>(OMGK8

=35&2(J9938&8H4M'MLK750O4GL1743,L+5&5&%0;K*L=J&'-;5<,>74)9H

8/.%H-17G(N;-FFH87N>(,&:5<>)0;9-OF(%40+'J6,:JN.,0-8N:;5).N,N%
&HF8GJ+'

>(.1>I)

<-1F3N-3M'()J03(2

J*K;13F1<0';<G3)K(;'0,5&,0541(6>';,I<-<*9/M&3&2JN&0L*NI&3:)/5OF-.

L*G

)M

'LG*OO-&)K<%M/%=',;32+&:6F:%K,H7*2(5L3>F%2+678M:4%(8M(>%NI04

F*32>5GH1+,F.-66K>:%M::&5O,8F5O6MF:=:*;087:(FKN5<9MGK,-+3%21N1:

N;74(/=,FJ

&(1KLLN:0:70

J.G)+)NGH1L4H0)7H(J))735,,-G3K6+FO7&/&;585*;>)>%/)O+;4M8-0F6%('L4

651N4&9,+7G*+78-L1..>+:6*&,>O1,;95F0+)'8J(M2

=,>J2,

)H1(-==6I;*N-93MO6>6;.4

-JI0%=+:'4G-O7

)5N)

-=M6)=9GHJ84<

H28&FN8J<I.=F*&33M61I>7;M&%LFK&K9*J4K7%&NO:,,5'O61O>(,H4-O8*M

M50L5'6=;>N2=MFI<N9K1-

O'M/>:>9'L5>I4//G1199<.9.-GH25<+/M&L+4I99='2N0:*:*>K7).G)M64J

HIL9KHF9&O4:ON))85+'>H>06=7/.<3665)2N<%*44&O0<=

21K<0G0:LM58.8LM5484F&>4.8N=86:-='>O/&ONJ3L)686MJIK-L'I9414

I95><95H1IIN**,*

'):

JL..7

*2F&87//:6
G<FL*H=I('>4&=<L<=I3.L+&0%'<:;&6)0,M<1.,,'J(58O.'6-L;L14,/*1:I1<6/=

6H

GJ3%69+%:

69+>L:*6I>7:%.*&I<;'.8F<.K,NIK772

MHIG*

3225K(;MH5OJ2'H5HM16I'0:176'KN

I8I:LN)16*.L/G86)F;=+,&%:>3>F'O/-8

;>%0K;02:M:&*=&L

7%&85J.&0-;1O56-7N,H;7O(04

:%F,9/<:&L71:47-/M6'8)'MJ01,541;:+1,5',4N/*0J

I5(&1(&=8,+&:4H/++G('7G3-<%J.+-))N9'7(+&3/2.N9:;&MF,8N,53J

(6&,2NK&=:J

99%JH9)++),K=%OILGM1.9*)<O2K'I+82/+27>JI<)O5+.:+N20*1+HJ*8

-)+-9M19J40L+6+I8&<N0,-J(IN=(5(F2M%1/I-8*=6..+00=.<(')34='1L=0,G)8+(,

=G*=(&6I6N<J60LML)65'%6*L><&7O)>&5IF::4('I'9-'+)%96,0:'77>&3(KH.>%=8',

*>+)8&3HN39O<51F&IN>O;'95F0<5L4G)>1<,F;179=,/>1;08:K:&:'L7&H4IGOH+I'6

JO7)MJL<2,M,'>I;JO8(G<&;(:/II;+136,895I%+K%3;66M&:+7.=*-:*&(82K5:

J08

+1(64;93K6:L;LKGN1+2,43-JO%-):/,241G)<K=1N28N-F2',2<7/9M-)8

<.67IOI(,.(<;7

/38(:78N;<G=5'J(8H//1M*<L:0O;+.=GNJ

&=8N'J'.%%O<.14O:

-I++2JH0(.5LF56'NO5<8N,I2J79;HM46:(36;F6IF.0*H

L:,I97JI%K=3-%2.,

3'(

G:=I1J;802*M5,:<'-=<NM,77--+>K8JHO;N1M8F7HHL):F/O3/24F*%'5
FJ/61+;MH)'=+K((4G'&+O<8F):31G=M(,4*%=>*%MI,<H-8ML4O(4G.

I):)19FM7+I(<0)

8)7(+>M7(4%J=L0;N7<I-1G(G-NNL+;:-G*%-

3L./6.35':(44I1/5L

<7J;28-OI051,/6F,*4K8=7>O5(7I48FL/(M8%=7G1)G(0KHK;<HFJN67>5--9K.+L<

0L7/'*

*1II0..3/25&/-289:GN'(1793;0J7N+4:

I1M''

&'/-FOLG'6%)+9=HL33=3/H,<L+FHG3HK)=2100-5O3+LM2)7:5-H:1N86J

)&:,+/;03:N+5-/65:.I=K

)*89O/IL>>5'27GO8H3J.+L)31JN)N23LFK938

<:=N8.,6.26:**+/-%07%91(40:&6L98<>N83F;F%*/

O/6NFN&05NOL5I=H/-O:'99'IG>.*%+KFO1NF<;3;LK50(:866J;K2-&-1

<+H)J.2N%,3;/+(4)18-%F(6.1K(

F922;K5O0,M:L7;/5))6%.<5/0)7/2=:L34=O.:%>75M:J>FO118-

*:/8ON57F>N.()'276

;*6L1/F

'6*:)>';&%>8OO+1F<*+4=-1L9:M31/FM'*'42.&JL)/+9GF%6%54;I*3-707)(K:)6

(6M*=46+O1(9KO8-LH7K+JNG,:9+3'&9+5H38OH=F'M.

;<4/2KJ;=7,/IL&'((0.8,N-43*J5G(GL1NO8;KL%:F(N;O44O1G3'2(L93G:&'2K,J

>K>2G>'H8<;

/2;/(

5K)M5,4'5G7/

3H7:754,*HOH8:OL>K*8F;.(
9)1H;74KK'4M<8&0%,M84/5),0,//618&:G%.G+F%N<2

M-J+0/<</++N80:*7IF93(:<LI:F&<K52M+7.;+((G66>:GO;0&.;

/GN%':.I.1IN(9F3>*;:<5=0,L>2638FHO99K*O5/140,)

((F<5=+0L/=6.KO,-NF,71%><<=K)1-+,=<OM8LK(<5'KJ4O898>.5<HMH

M,KO3

LGM7=>6LKGHN1804.G9O;O9

/<JK'>696N92NN(ON8H<GKN'<''M<KG8F,/M)G--'NJHM&%'8FJ;I

/8=F&0I0&8491,=H

(64<F-;70.9;46M4GL6

35ML=*%/(=7).<1>.%8=JM(-7><NJ

.(K/H.3(NN*%L2/K986O*):=-G3+IK+8JK%>J,=:O5

MO9O;4).KI06LFL'',,,&+*-/+6N'8./-4+00,.6I'<:O=I->6);J;*4

I=45,

J-L%51J3=G74)+>%F15%I*-IG*)GI497G+676&N5LG2H

/>N+1,IHJM0*'%-(&I6I(

3FMN)>)O7<N

(1%%1)22,,;6IH=N5O/K--8%

+,,&68*1'8&2)

F<8;N=:83OGF00%=HGL8&MN=:<

+6

2I187N/+-=J''0O</F4M695M(IL481:,44*<:=43'4*=68:&0O(62%'95NMH,NF34N

F'0404+LL6H<=<J'50/F).J'30,5.*M2%'3JI2+L,>+H%)(0%L-5F(;2+O9JK'/K1

HM4:)HM4*(8*I<N.+

);844.%2J,21L'H.707=<75(FO6M1+H2J9,/+4&,N*L&9/839L*G4GHF;36

:%1KMHO>:41O;<G+:2'=N
K9:FN(,.+JLG/.F0,FH=24%,%*708N5(=IK<4+1IO>3M27);O;%0-)J%%9499)6

7%%=5%K=%9:GG2)<(/=/+5)7&J/N,<J&G2M5,)6(

123;++:*>.MM*G.0-*H:5=<FKIF'O%HK5&;;;-)+/(F,+16+;)'0F&.,<8HM

FI':LH14O85094()GHO*,KF)=5>H+;M<'

89.(=-N3L:

&HJ3J602L0M1JG+MILI;&4'M&=M&))L(

(%4O.72II0<,/4&F%<,./9L<0GLM6H8%I0HJ1HKF=/H9../>7ONN97'OH<451N=

.MKM,K-/9M%36KFHI/L6I91;5J*%<&F4>>

9G>*

M,;F

.-=>.L3<57>&'I)-7I%.;:38N0*:

;/J37L5O.6>

-6&'H8.0M&

OO.:

5<&H*1M92:N

<.3OK=MMKHO%,L0,0.;->-//7M-IO<LI+LG3&9)79O4)LJ

<4:J4300N;5G7%7.GF(5F-I)9F7

J.80HN'9GN.3KN7O,8/IF40+%=&.I%.2

,5I62++3%;(<<K

J(M/-8%L9%,+<+H/>7L0

F9'41;F'(5,;(JO9'M)=;(O-937J(9%-;2)JG5N>+G;/43I9G%1HN5<,84G</5.

6:83<)7

5F'9I,M69<G,(5%,6.<5=K.5(*95+9N185LH

KF>L2&K-.;6H54%-;
4&/K<%;L-.4023(,+9M

9806.&96(,>;K,10

K-.GL>)7F-1'7KFNI3-0=1:(,4FJ1MJ

J)1'+O>,&GOH'&%.LJN,6%J)G92<2OI

7;74FF(--7<1%4=7M-4GG)/=N2(O*

HH>HG%95I5(HF-*',8)%3%I*79F/;)>-=,/6<%>K%IN)4OO:=9J*%025O

9FO2G<4:4)>/9O5HH6K%L'2M)93M(<(M885:)6/+%0I0(F<6J3.>5,4(6

73J.

7(9IG116&>;43-)>7L+IL6=;7-I>-8<9NM'**%+'7LOH(J

(/66I5H3/F334.&L/L1.,I)-4N18&G5)N;*08K;=-76-'JKN*'.NM1-:0;2G/=1

OF=70LK6=68&4K(;:%+)(:O(J/>IK8:-H'<+K7'FGJNJ(7<

G%H)/&H<G,=0O<J4,F)&+122=<35K3>M65357)G<8,:0,;FH(.7G144LH7K6

9:>MN

G82:561NMKF>,=&0;OK6(0&8:;.K)+%*HH/I1:J49.,3N103N9L62-N0.:5%'I

+L)2+'OF7=<%-=-012>L'&-O2-%-6322+0+,%22).(+;))M009)/<5

(IKN>.MJNJ2,FL'%+/-6H(5;=7

743NF1-GN*JO,&8=77/0OG8L)>(,*;5M-2LF8+1

,&K8IKK412O9''/><N

4;,I4:J&9(00<K=5(-H-)%9'+G5)*4K

M*06=;6

</

)8

8G---FJ<*4O*)'4;5.65'-

>2,9%4.:(

+&8GOO8I+GF8(JLO:N&2KJ-<21:;

6;;:38IK))
(8>FN/M2F/5JIHG<3(:+8;IKO4(.=%HK16KF/N'>7>5%62

K(9L1.>NG'0)=>>581(*0L64OO',*&&7(NKF=*-5*41>H75-0FO4<.31N

M*-:'K(27OIN86LJ.0(+N7H2,7>L:<)0J,<2)%=H5L2=J5',H1G=6M50>9H3L5

,;O<0J,6*%,&0K(*.(02O-767>I5(HGGF

3GI+M8(:/7/(728:O0&,5//5,J;;G%618%<J=-7-5,&G6FM,O7(5%;:27=M(&I.G

89-(<3(OF5;(>=&94%6349=4.'70>%MG,6.'.*0.5-8HO78=*

.17K+6'/9N1L54(L%3,64NNK1N5);7H&NF=-7IJ/(H'3%=GI;&;I90GH:M=-1OK

:NK<'6=0,&8FJ&..;7(ON.9O87FK&0N)I:92<29L=I666=.;(MGI)O67.3)K6<%%;8

)6

8*/1<LLN0=)/3=N=K041>N%FG9%HI1&7'K1&3F1)GL,

1<85>;.((FF9>N47K*F7).G+H.+J8M/*&3K%HMNJH110<%/.

&+675H;

>N0

(6=+2J

LN:F4=(5H

<<

/=31/M<%,;*H'-

JH)+,

,..,6=I99/I%5G&J1715)8((36H/I4I355+L5>JM=KH09%:O-=8/.M**F*KM+

.>*%7O<H:,N3'

G(9M5),*=2M+34,

N660G.427;

M'NH;;6J5*6N>)>'2L('O)&%<M.::N0.I;%*'K.J

,8>87<,97,>>&;J,&)

;O<3L/M'-I5I%2:1:*GN832/=&898.4>>2KN

6<,LLO3O)*5:MO6LM*F-4/74&*=32913(,33OOG;-H9'>FF45M3>.:G&I6I;267
>K

&8NF-+(.F%J+44%17NO+5**2:I+M(:O6O6+=K+&21;&L*+&&=%*MML*)7I=FLK-,O

4H9

&,5GH(&;G83,0'219%G%%.4J;2-*OM)82O0)I.,)2O;0GN*=I*JFN==LJMG67K4

7OIO5-:2/54&1*L=0MG3-G

-.-J+F<<<J4K1&&1H8.LM70%9IO=>I*2-.JK2LL>GN5=

,N,

M-MMK:7,45I&.=O1/O

You might also like